How to insulate a cellar hatch - How to insulate a separate or home cellar: methods of finishing with thermal insulation materials. How to insulate a basement in a private house with your own hands - proper thermal insulation Insulating the cellar with foam plastic

The cellar, like the basement, is intended for storing canned food and other food products. In order for it to perform its functions well, it must be constantly maintained indoors. optimal temperature and humidity.

If you allow sub-zero temperatures, all products will freeze, and if there is too much heat, they will become limp. It is imperative to monitor the humidity level, otherwise rotting cannot be avoided. Therefore, insulating the cellar from the inside is a very important process.

It is important to know! Reducing the level of humidity cannot be achieved only by insulating the cellar; it must be equipped with ventilation, which will regulate the content of water vapor in the room.

The main factors contributing to cellar freezing are melt water. In some cases, the problem becomes groundwater that rise close to the surface. Therefore, before insulating the cellar from the inside against freezing, it is necessary to determine the source of the problem. Having found out the causes of moisture, you need to determine to what depth the soil freezes during the frost period. And based on the information received, you can decide on the thickness and choice of heat-insulating materials.

Materials for cellar insulation

Today's market offers a large number of heat-insulating materials for insulating any surfaces, but you need to understand that not all are suitable for insulating a cellar. Insulation for a cellar must be able to maintain geometry, have good insulating properties, and be resistant to water and soil pressure. What types of insulation are there:

• expanded clay;
• glass wool;
• mineral wool;
• expanded clay concrete;
• red ceramic brick;
• Styrofoam;
• cellulose insulation;

Regarding cellulose insulation and mineral wool: they are not suitable for cellar insulation, since they do not meet the necessary properties. If we compare cellar insulation, then in terms of efficiency they will be arranged in the following order:

What exactly needs to be insulated in the cellar to prevent freezing?

Let us consider in detail the basics of insulation of all enclosing structures of the cellar: ceiling, walls, floor.

Ceiling insulation

Ceiling insulation plays a big role in the formation of optimal temperature and humidity, because when cold air enters the room, it threatens the formation of condensation on the ceiling and walls. So, how to insulate the ceiling in the cellar with your own hands.

1. Surface inspection. It is necessary to inspect the ceiling covering for cracks in the seams between the concrete slabs. After which you need to cover them with putty with antiseptic additives. Regarding the dowels for attaching thermal insulation, they must also be thermally insulated.
2. A vapor barrier membrane is attached to the putty surface to the ceiling. It is necessary to ensure that during each subsequent operation moisture is normally removed from the cellar without forming condensation on the ceiling and walls. The membrane does not prevent the infiltration of moist air to the outside, and prevents the penetration of moisture from the outside. The material is a regular polymer film, but with special perforation.

The photo clearly shows the membrane for ceiling insulation and aluminum hangers

To construct a vapor barrier for the ceiling, you should use penofol, the main composition of which is foamed polyethylene, protected by aluminum foil. Its peculiarity is that it serves as an excellent heat insulator, and aluminum acts as a screen that reflects thermal energy inside the room.

1. Installation of hangers for sheathing. It is necessary to select a material that will be more tolerant of a damp room; this material includes a galvanized profile. It must be secured to special hangers. You can also use them as hangers wooden blocks, but this will add additional hassle. The bars must be treated with an antiseptic and other hydrophobic compounds. Fastening will be carried out using screws and dowels.

It is important to know! When working with hangers, it is necessary to set a distance corresponding to the width of the foam. Otherwise, gaps will remain.

How to insulate a floor

Floor insulation follows a similar pattern, with the exception of several technologies. The bottom layer will be roofing felt or any other waterproofing material. The bars for the construction of the support logs should be chosen more durable, as they will experience a greater load. The top layer will be plywood or boards.

This floor insulation technology is quite easy to install and not so expensive in price, but wood has a big disadvantage: it quickly becomes unusable in moisture conditions. Therefore, it is better to use extruded polystyrene. The properties of the material are very similar to polystyrene foam.

As floor insulation effective solution will be using expanded clay base.

The base of the floor is expanded clay (insulation), then light reinforcement mesh and concrete screed

Sequence of work

Inspect the floor surface for cracks; if they are found, cover them with a cement-sand mortar of 1:2 composition (sand and cement). If uneven surfaces are detected, you should screed along the beacons. Having completed the repair, you need to clean the surface of debris and waterproof it. Best choice will treat the floor with bitumen resin.

It is important to know! Polystyrene sheets can only be installed after the bitumen resin has completely dried.

Once the resin has dried, polystyrene sheets can be laid. The sheets must be mounted so that the seams run apart. Having finished laying the sheets, the metal reinforcing mesh is installed. Reinforcing the floor screed will prevent cracks from appearing on the surface. The mesh used is lightweight, made from smooth-rolled reinforcement ∅3−4mm. Then concrete is poured onto the mesh and carefully leveled. Regarding the floor covering, you can leave bare concrete or build a modern polymer self-leveling floor.

How to insulate walls

Foam plastic is the most suitable heat-insulating material for wall insulation. It is attached using special dowels and glue. Foam fastening technology:

Video: another effective method - insulating the cellar with foam insulation

In conclusion, we can say that an insulated cellar is the key to the complete safety of all conservation and other winter preparations, despite very coldy and the heat. Walls insulated from the inside will keep the entire body indoors and create optimal temperature and moisture.

Basement insulation, like any other part of the building, it is preferable to do it outside at the stage of building a house.

Thermal insulation protects walls and foundations home from freezing, will shift the dew point outward and provide a comfortable and dry atmosphere in the basement all year round.

If, for some reason, external insulation was not done, or was not done well enough, will have to be insulated basement from the inside.

According to GOST 9561-91 and SNiP 2.08.01-85, it is imperative to insulate the basement or first floor floors. Main reasons, according to which the basement is insulated:

1. The usable area of ​​the house is expanding. Depending on desire and capabilities, the basement can be used as a warehouse for storing seasonal items, as a garage, Gym, workshop, etc.
2. Thermal insulation protects the foundation of the house and basement walls from dampness and, as a result, from deformation during soil heaving.
3. If the basement is dry and warm, the appearance of dampness, fungi, mold and other microorganisms is eliminated, which improves the microclimate and environmental situation in the entire house, and the unpleasant odor goes away.
4. According to the same GOST 9561-91, up to 25 percent of the heat escapes through a cold basement, which means that when insulating, most of the money is saved, which is spent on heating the entire house.

Main types heat-insulating materials are:

• polymer materials;
• fibrous materials.

Polymer materials

To polymeric materials include polystyrene foam, penoplex, etc.

The most suitable insulation, of course, is spray polyurethane foam. It will perfectly fill all the cracks, in addition, it will not require additional hydro and vapor barrier. All that remains is to make a false wall on top of it and the work is completed.

Using, penoplex or expanded polystyrene, you must first apply a waterproofing layer to the wall. This can be liquid rubber, tar, or waterproofing films.

On top of it, using special glue and dowels with fungi, sheets of insulation are tightly attached to each other. The gaps between the sheets are sealed with foam or sealant, in the case of expanded polystyrene. Insulation layer thickness, as a rule, 10 cm, but it all depends on the specific situation.

After this, the outer side of the insulation is covered with an adhesive composition, onto which a reinforcing mesh is applied. Another layer of glue is applied to the mesh. After all layers have dried, you can begin To finishing – grouting, priming and plastering.

Important: When insulating basement walls, it is not recommended to use polystyrene foam. But if you still choose it, you need to choose the most moisture-resistant and durable one, for example, the PSB-S-15 brand.

Mineral wool and other types of fibrous materials

These types of insulation absolutely not recommended for insulating any premises from the inside. Due to the fact that when insulated from the inside, it is located on the inner surface of the wall, it will constantly condense moisture.

If exposed to moisture on any materials that have fibers in their structure, they lose their heat-insulating properties, and the entire insulation procedure becomes meaningless.

If you still have to insulate the basement with such materials, you must carefully protect them from the wall. It could be double layer of waterproofing, or air gap.

After installation of mineral wool Be sure to use a layer of vapor barrier so that the cotton wool “breathes.” Then again there is an air gap and only then finishing with plasterboard or wooden panels.

Methods for insulating basements from the inside

When insulating basements from the inside, along with general rules installation of the selected type of insulation, there are some specific points.

Insulation process The repair of basement walls from the inside must be done in the warm season, when the walls are dry.

If there is condensation on the walls, it is necessary to thoroughly dry the entire room. Otherwise, you can only aggravate the situation and speed up the process of destruction of the building’s foundation.

Insulation of basement walls from the inside

This process is the most important and labor-intensive when arranging thermal insulation of the basement. The future microclimate depends 90% on it. There are some here general features:

• It is advisable to use polymer-type insulation for walls, which is not prone to getting wet and does not allow water vapor to pass through.
• Before installing the insulation, the surface of the walls must be leveled as best as possible by removing the old plaster.
• Any insulation must be laid in such a way that there are no gaps between it and the wall.
• Before insulating the walls of the basement, it is necessary to calculate the thickness and vapor permeability of the future thermal insulation layer, according to the calculation discussed in the article "" or SNiP 02/23/2003 " Thermal protection of buildings».

Only if all the above requirements are met can be achieved the desired result when insulating the basement.

Insulating the ceiling in the basement

Ceiling insulation no less important than wall insulation. The technology here is similar, with the only difference being that when we insulate the ceiling in the basement, we insulate the floor on the first floor.

Since in a residential area always warmer, than below, the dew point here falls on the upper surface of the floor slabs.

Options for insulating the ceiling in the basement:

• Insulation with foam plastic and others polymer materials . It is used if the floors are made of concrete. The thickness of the insulation is usually 5 cm. It is carried out according to a scheme similar to wall insulation. First, a thick layer of waterproofing is applied, then sheets of heat-insulating material are attached to glue or dowel nails, then a reinforcing mesh is stretched and glue is applied. After drying it is plastered. If plaster is not planned, you must first attach it to the ceiling wooden joists, the casing will then be attached to them. In this case, it is necessary to lay a layer of vapor barrier material under the casing.
• Mineral wool. Applicable if the ceiling (floor of the first floor) is made of wooden structures. From below on wooden base a waterproofing film is attached. Wooden blocks are nailed for external cladding. layers are laid between the bars and fixed with dowels with fungi. A vapor barrier membrane is laid on the wool, and then the sheathing elements are attached.

Insulation of floors in the basement

Usually the floor in the basement is built directly on the ground. The most common way insulation of the floor on the ground - using bulk heat-insulating materials. The second method is insulation with polymer sheet materials:

• Floor insulation using expanded clay. To do this, we separate the soil from the insulation using waterproofing. This can be thick plastic film or roofing felt. A layer of expanded clay, at least 15 cm, is evenly poured on top and poured with cement laitance. A reinforcing mesh is laid directly on the expanded clay and the entire space is filled with a cement solution no less than 5 cm thick.
• At foam insulation, or polystyrene foam the following is done. A sand cushion 5 cm thick is poured onto the ground, which is well compacted. A waterproofing membrane is spread on top of it with a reserve for the walls. Sheets of insulation are tightly laid on it. There is another layer of waterproofing on top and the “pie” is completed with a reinforced concrete screed at least 5 cm thick.

The use of vapor barrier when insulating a basement

When insulating a basement it is used without perforation. It is laid directly on the insulation without an air gap. If the film is double-sided, then it makes no difference which side you put it on. It happens that the film has a different coating, for example, anti-condensation. This film should be laid with the fabric side inside the basement.

Metal coating on film, if any, should also be on the inside. Manufacturers of vapor barrier films always indicate the outside and back side in the instructions. By following the installation procedure described by the manufacturer, you can be sure that the heat-insulating layer is reliably protected from water vapor.

Important: Do not pull the vapor barrier film with force. It should lie freely on the insulation.

Insulation of the cellar from the inside

The main difference between a cellar and a basement is the location. The cellar is usually located near the main building and, accordingly, does not have protection from external weather factors above it in the form of a double warm ceiling.

This fact must be taken into account when insulating the cellar from the inside. If the insulation of walls and floors does not differ from the insulation in the basement, then the ceiling needs to be isolated from cold in winter and heat in summer more thoroughly.

For insulating the ceiling in the cellar It is advisable to use slabs made of polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. The total thickness of thermal insulation must be at least 20 cm.

Insulation process is as follows:

• Treatment of floor slabs with waterproofing material.
• Gluing 2 layers of insulation onto glue in a cross way, sealing the cracks with polyurethane foam. The thickness of each layer of insulation is at least 10 cm.
• Gluing the surface of the insulation with glue using reinforcing mesh.

If you don’t plan to cover the resulting “pie” with anything, then you can stop there. If the ceiling is hidden under the finishing of sheet materials, needs to be added a vapor barrier layer between the sheathing and insulation.

If it is impossible to insulate the basement from the outside, you can carry out heat insulation work from the inside. With the right choice and installation of materials, such insulation will be comparable to external insulation.

Carrying out work must be remembered that the basement is a room with a very aggressive environment, and, accordingly, use high-quality materials. By following insulation technology, you can achieve good results and the house will become warm and cozy, and will also add a lot of free space.

How to make a dry basement and cellar with your own hands, watch the video:

Insulation of basements and living spaces should be carried out correctly from the outside so that the dew point is outside the walls. This will protect them from getting wet and freezing during the cold season. The service life of load-bearing structures will increase significantly, the microclimate inside becomes optimal for storing vegetables, preparations and other things. However, it is not always possible to carry out such insulation; more precisely, if this was not done during the construction of the house, nothing can be done.

Insulated basement in a private house

In such a situation, only internal insulation. It allows you to shift the dew point outside the room, which, of course, will not affect the service life of the walls, but will relieve the room from dampness. The topic of today's article is the insulation of the basement and cellar from the inside in a private house, methods of its implementation, materials for these purposes.

This question was partially answered in the introductory part of the article, but the information listed is not all that prompts the adoption of such measures. In addition to protecting the walls from dampness, you need to consider the following:

• When condensation and general dampness leave the room, microorganisms (read: mold) stop actively multiplying in it. If you organize proper supply ventilation and heating, the room can be used as a living room.
• You are expanding the usable area of ​​your home. In the basement, if a large storage area is not required, you can arrange an area active rest. Many people set up gyms, billiard rooms, hookah bars, etc. here.
• The absence of dampness allows the use of a wide range of materials for finishing. This means you can create inside beautiful interior for your comfortable presence.

Comfortable seating area in the basement

Important! Dampness in the basement is not only caused by condensation. Foundation walls can be washed away by groundwater, which in some regions runs very deep. high level. You can protect yourself from such a threat only with high-quality waterproofing. It is mounted externally and in several layers.

Insulating the basement from the outside on top of the waterproofing layer

• The total heat loss of a building through the basement can reach a high value of 20%. Of course, these are not walls and roofs, but the indicator is also significant. The cold from the basement rises into the living spaces; walking on the floor without heating and warm coverings is uncomfortable and even dangerous to health.

Advice! If the main reason why a person decided to insulate the basement is precisely this, then it will be enough to insulate only the ceiling on the basement side.

Insulation of the cellar is carried out according to the same standards as for basements. The difference between this structure is that it can stand independently of the house. There are no communications inside, other than electricity. Its isolation is required to ensure optimal conditions for storing food. If the ceilings in the basement are often left uninsulated, then this cannot be done with the cellar.

Why is basement waterproofing and vapor barrier required?

It is impossible to protect your house with just one thermal insulator, especially if no external preparation of the foundation was carried out during the construction of the house. To achieve a quality result, you need to take a series of measures to protect your basement walls and floors.

Diffuse membrane waterproofing inside the basement

• Certain categories of insulation do not tolerate exposure to humidity. The most striking example is mineral wool, which, when wet, loses about 70% of its insulating properties.
• It turns out that the insulation itself needs to be protected. The photo above shows how the basement walls were previously covered with membrane waterproofing. For reference, this material is considered the best in the class of rolled waterproofing insulators, and is among the most effective.
• Top mounted wooden frame, inside which insulation sheets will be installed. Even if the foundation of the house is affected by groundwater, moisture will not get on the insulation in this case.

Installing a vapor barrier film over mineral wool

• Moisture can get onto the insulation and from the room in the form of water vapor. Some people make kitchens or laundry rooms in their basements. There is always enough moisture in such rooms, and it tends to penetrate the walls.

In this case, a membrane vapor barrier film that allows air to pass through only in one direction will help protect the insulation. It is mounted on the same frame, on top of the insulation, using a stapler.

Attention! It is important to strengthen the protection on the right side. Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully, otherwise you will not receive any protection.

Vapor barrier film resembles polymer burlap in appearance

• Next, the sheathing layer is installed. Nowadays, moisture-resistant drywall is increasingly used - a good basis for many finishing works. finishing materials.

Vapor barrier can be completely excluded from the described “pie” if a polymer insulation that is not afraid of moisture is used. We will talk about their types and properties in a separate chapter.

Basement ventilation

The third important point in creating a warm and dry basement or cellar is. Constantly moving air will remove moisture, steam and unpleasant odors from rooms.

Scheme of ventilation of the basement and living quarters

• The ventilation system can be active or passive. The first option involves creating air draft using fans and turbines powered by electricity. It is used mainly in large rooms where natural air movement may not be enough.
• There are three types of ventilation: exhaust, supply and combined. At exhaust system fans are set to blow out. They create areas in the room low blood pressure, which immediately tend to fill with air masses through the supply channels.

Exhaust fan in the basement

• In the second case, a blower unit is installed that pushes air inside. Created in the cellar high blood pressure, and excess gas is squeezed out through exhaust channels.
• If the room has a complex configuration, there are many partitions in it, and air cannot circulate freely, both methods are combined. Such systems are the most effective.

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The supply ventilation pipe is installed simultaneously with the basement walls

Passive ventilation for small basements and cellars is also effective. The draft is formed due to the temperature difference between the masses inside the room and those coming from outside. Warm air heats up and becomes lighter; it rises, going into exhaust pipe. A new one immediately takes its place through the supply vent.

In order for the room to be well ventilated, the outlet of the supply pipe should be located closer to the basement floor, but no more than 50 cm. The hood is placed under the ceiling and vented upward. In this case, it is better to space the pipes on different sides of the room so that more air is involved in the movement.

Interesting to know! Making proper ventilation is not so easy, despite the simplicity of its design. It is very important to correctly calculate the position of the system parts, the diameter of the pipes and the power of the active equipment.

Professionals do these things. If you don't have the funds to hire them, you can use online calculators, but the results they provide will be approximate.

How and with what to properly insulate

In the second part of the article we will talk about popular materials, we will talk about their characteristics and installation methods. Separately, we’ll look at how to insulate floors and learn a little about insulating water pipes that run in basements.

Cotton wool for internal insulation of cellars and basements

Depending on your tasks, you can take the following materials:

Material, photo:	Description:
	Mineral wool is a whole class of insulation, including a variety of materials. In this paragraph we will describe them general properties, and in the lower sections we will talk about the types and their differences. Mineral wool can be produced in different densities and thicknesses. On average, 5 cm of such protection is enough to replace clay bricks 10-15 cm thick. The material is flexible, so it is suitable for insulating surfaces of complex shapes. At the same time, it is a good sound insulator. Cotton wool is not afraid of heat - individual species can withstand temperatures even at +1000 degrees Celsius Its composition is completely natural - no one should have allergies. However, it is worth noting that the nuisance is that the lint is too small and gets caught in clothes and skin. It can also get into the lungs, so it is recommended to cover it with film. Mineral wool is not afraid of either rodents or mold, which is important for the basement. They are hygroscopic and strongly attract water. When wet, wool begins to rot, and its insulating properties are greatly reduced.
	Everyone knows this material. It is the cheapest in its class. Made from recycled glass, lime, sand and chemicals. All this is melted in special furnaces, then blown through grates. The composition includes formaldehyde, which is harmful to health, so glass wool is not used for residential premises. You can use it to insulate water supply pipes in the basement of a private house, then cover it with film. Glass fibers are fragile, easily break off upon contact with hands and become embedded in the skin. For this reason, you need to work only in protective clothing - goggles, gloves, a respirator, closed clothing and a hat.
	This material is made from slag obtained in metallurgical production (blast furnace slag). It has residual acidity, which is why it begins to oxidize upon contact with metals. Technically it can be used, but it is better to find a more suitable solution. Slag wool is also not used for pipe insulation. It gets wet very quickly and begins to rot.
	This insulation does not have many of the disadvantages of previous options - it is not fragile, less hygroscopic, practically does not shrink and is more tensile. It is made from diabase and gabbro. This type of cotton wool is sold in rolls and slabs. The first option is good for, that is, you can insulate the basement in wooden house from the inside, and the second is good for walls. It is installed in the frame.
	Basalt wool can also be classified as stone wool, but it is distinguished by the absence of binding mineral additives. This allows you to increase the upper and lower temperature thresholds (-190 and +1000 degrees, respectively). The service life of the material is 80 years, provided correct installation and permanent waterproofing. Attention! Despite their less fragility, you also need to wear protective clothing when working with stone and basalt wool. High-density basalt wool can be used as a base for plaster.
	Organic wools are a separate class of insulation materials. They can be made from different materials: wood fibers; hemp; coconut lint; flax; straw and other natural warm materials. Such slabs are popular in Europe and the world - there is now a real boom in everything natural. In terms of thermal efficiency and other properties, some solutions are even superior to mineral wool, but they have one serious drawback - rotting and other biological hazards. Rodents make cozy and warm homes inside. The efficiency of insulation will suffer from their activity, and unpleasant odors will appear.
Application of ecowool by spraying	Ecowool is a rather exotic material. It is made from paper production waste and old waste paper. It is produced in the form of slabs and loose mixture. This material is hygroscopic, so it needs high-quality protection. They mainly insulate floors and frame structures.

Artificial insulation

Everything that was listed in the article is of natural origin, but a large segment of the market is also occupied by polymers, which in many respects have properties superior to cotton wool.

Material, photo:	Description:
	Thin roll thermal insulators made of foamed polymers are highly efficient. The materials have many names (Penofol, Izolon and others), but their essence is the same. The polymer whipped into foam hardens, air remains in its internal pores, which effectively retains heat. One side can be covered with a layer of foil, which enhances the heat-reflecting properties. The fabric is vapor-tight and completely resistant to moisture. It does not need a vapor barrier - it effectively protects the walls itself. It can be used for both walls and floors, rolled into a screed. An 8 mm layer of the same Penofol will replace 5 cm of mineral wool. Interesting to know! Often this material and mineral wool are combined. A polymer insulator protects the second from moisture.
The basement ceiling is insulated with Penoplex	Extruded polystyrene foam would be perhaps the best solution for a basement. It is not at all afraid of dampness, very durable, but lacks elasticity (this is not important for smooth walls). It can be installed both outside and indoors. The material is suitable as a base for screed and plaster and is capable of bearing high static loads. Holds heat well and is easy to install. It is better to insulate the floor in the basement of a private house using extruded polystyrene foam.
	Innovative insulation with liquid polyurethane foam will create monolithic protection without cold bridges across all surfaces of the basement or cellar. This material and the work required to apply it are quite expensive. Polyurethane foam is superior in thermal efficiency to all other analogues precisely due to the creation of a solid “carpet”. He is also not afraid of water. Only ultraviolet radiation is harmful to it, but there is none in the basement and cellar, especially since everything is then covered with finishing.

Concrete ceiling the basement is covered with foam plastic

This is still the same polystyrene foam, but of much lower density, and made using a different technology. The material is an effective insulation and sound insulator, is not afraid of water and is easy to install, but it is not particularly durable and is loved by mice. Rodents will quickly process it into waste, so this option is questionable for the basement.

Bulk insulation materials

Insulation of the basement floor in a wooden house and insulation of the cellar can be partially done with bulk materials. They have proven to be a good base for concrete screeds, they are cheap and retain heat well.

This is what expanded clay granules look like

Such insulation is not suitable for walls, except perhaps frame ones, but such insulation is not found in cellars. For wooden floor This is a good solution because it is light in weight. Here is what is used most often in our country:

• expanded clay;
• granulated glass;
• penoizol and granulated polystyrene foam;
• sawdust - they are often mixed with pure clay;
• vermiculite crushed stone made from mica;
• perlite is a volcanic ore.

Not only the walls, floor and ceiling of a building need thermal insulation. If the building has a basement, it is important to pay attention to its insulation, which will decide whole line problems.

Why and how to insulate a basement will be discussed below.

1 Why insulate the cellar?

Often, home owners prefer not to insulate the cellar - to save money during construction.Because of this, the concrete base is in constant contact with the ground. In winter, the ground freezes, which is whyconcrete freezes too.

In addition, the soil contains moisture: after rains, it can linger in the ground for more than one or two days.In addition to precipitation, the soil itself in the area may be wet, and then the foundation private the home will be constantly exposed to moisture.

As a consequence, this leads to the following problems:

at the destruction of the concrete itself is accelerated (due to the fact that in winter moisture penetrates into the slightest cracks, cracks, recesses, and freezes and thaws there; when freezing, the liquid expands, as a result, the cracks expand);

in the basement of a private home is installed low temperature(concrete itself retains heat very poorly, even with a thickness of several tens of centimeters);

in the basement of the house supported high humidity, which leads to the appearance of fungus and mold;

air n and the rooms on the first floor of the house get cold th , and if the humidity in the basement is very high, then mold can also appear in the rooms.

Due to the problems mentioned above, the usable area at the bottom of the house cannot be fully used. Dampness and mold will cause things (whether furniture or food) to quickly deteriorate. And for humans, too humid air, which contains fungal microspores, is also harmful: it can lead to allergies and respiratory diseases.

2 Where and what to insulate?

H Stylish thermal and waterproofing of the basement does not solve the problem: all walls and floors need to be protected from moisture and cold.Basement ceiling insulation(overlapping between the cellar and the first floor of the house) you can do as necessary to achieve maximum heat retention effect.

Also, a home owner who does not know how to insulate a basement may have a question about how exactly to do it: from the inside or the outside?

Only the correct answer is insulationoutside: only in this case will it be possible to create the correct “barrier” against the cold. Otherwise - if done only insulating the basement from the inside - moisture and cold will still have a negative effect on concrete. In addition, mold and mildew can still appear, but this will happen inside, between the basement wall and the insulation.



IN Internal insulation is necessary out of necessity. If the owner wants to achieve maximum heat retention inside, then work can be done inside. If you just want to avoid dampness and mold, and also protect the building itself from premature destruction, it is enough to insulate the basement from the outside.

3 About the choice of material

Since the main “threat” to the structure will be moisture, it is necessary to choose materials that are resistant to it. For this reason, mineral wool insulators, which can become saturated with moisture and crumble, are no longer needed.

In order to insulate the basement walls from the outside (this is the main type of work), it is best to use:

• polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam(thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.035-0.04 and 0.03 W/mK);

  expanded clay (thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.12 W/mK for medium density at 400 kg/m³ );

  sprayed polyurethane foam (thermal conductivity - 0.03-0.035 W/mK).



These materials are not the only insulators, but they are the main onesThey are hired most often and are best suited for this type of work.

In addition to insulation, the basement of the house will also require external waterproofing. To create a moisture-proof layer the following can be used:

moisture-resistant additives in concrete (if insulation of a cellar in a garage or house is planned at the stage of its construction);

built-up insulation;

coating insulation.

It will be optimal if waterproofing is performed by combining the first option with any of the remaining ones.

4 Rules and operating procedures (for external insulation)

T Now let's figure out how to insulate the basement.First, let's describe general rules and stages relevant for exterior (most important) finishing:

It is advisable to carry out work in warm and dry weather. Since the process will take several days (depending on the materials used, the number of workers and the pace of work, as well as the perimeter of the building, it can take up to several weeks), it is best to do this from late spring to early autumn (in warm regions).

It is necessary to insulate and insulate the entire wall, along the entire height and along the entire perimeter. Insulating part of the base will not do anything, since in unprotected areas the problem with moisture will remain the same.

The blind area is dismantled (if there was one).

A trench is dug around the entire perimeter of the house and to the full depth of the foundation. Its width should allow full work with finishing materials.

The surface of the freed wall is cleaned: from finishing materials (if any), dirt, sand, vegetation.

The surface is inspected for cracks, chips, and gouges. If they are found, they must be covered with cement mortar. Further work can be started only after it has completely hardened.

If the basement is insulated with foam plastic (or extruded polystyrene foam), the surface will have to be leveled (otherwise the hard sheet will not stick smoothly).

The surface is covered with a primer, preferably in several layers. Further work continues after the last layer has completely hardened.

If waterproofing of the base of the house is necessary (which is desirable), it is applied (fused) after the primer.



After this, you can work directly with the insulation.

5 Use of foam plastic (expanded polystyrene)

You can also use polystyrene foam (or polystyrene foam) with your own hands: this makes this material one of the most popular and widespread insulators.

The process looks like this:



The required volume of material is calculated: the height and length of the wall are measured, multiplied, then the result is multiplied by 4 - the number of walls (for a square house). If the building has no square shape- to calculate, you can simply measure the height and length of each wall separately, multiplying them, and then sum the results.

To the result need to be added another 10-15% (adjustment to size, material breakage).

An adhesive solution is prepared.

An adhesive solution is applied to the foam sheet using a spatula. This must be done evenly so that each part of the sheet is tightly glued to the surface.

Starting from the bottom, from the corner, the sheets are glued to the surface. Each next (top) row need to be fixed with a slight offset: vertical seams should not coincide.

The seams between the sheets are coated with an adhesive solution (cement mortar, plaster).

You can cover the entire insulation with the solution - this will create an additional protective layer.

6 Insulating walls from the outside with foam plastic (video)

7 Application of expanded clay

Expanded clay is a bulk material that can also be used to do the job yourself. Its disadvantage is that it will be necessary to make a wide layer (several tens of centimeters), since its thermal conductivity is higher than that of foam plastic (which means that it transmits heat better). However, if the goal is not to maximize effective insulation, but just protection from moisture - a layer of 10-20 centimeters will be enough).

The stages are as follows:

N and a short distance from the basement wall (the distance is determined based on how warm the cellar should be, on average 20-40 cm) another brick wall is built.

The bottom of the resulting channel (between the brick and concrete) is filled with gravel.

Stacked drainage pipe. It is necessary so that moisture does not linger before construction, but is diverted to the side.

Expanded clay is poured between the basement wall and the constructed brick wall.

It is better to insulate the outside of the brick by covering it with cement mortar or moisture-resistant street plaster.

8 Thermal insulation of walls from the inside with polyurethane foam (video)

9 Application of polyurethane foam

But you won’t be able to use this material yourself - it requires a special spraying installation, which costs several thousand dollars.

The stages of work are as follows:

The components are mixed in the installation to prepare the final material (polyurethane foam).

Under pressure, the material is sprayed onto the wall surface, instantly hardening and forming a dense light yellow mass.

10 Completion of work and finishing from the inside

After the work (regardless of the method) has been completed, you can additionally build a wall of brick or slate. Then the dug trench is filled up, and a blind area is built on top.

Internal insulation is carried out in exactly the same way as described above, with the only exception that using expanded clay for walls is ineffective.

Not only rural residents and summer residents, but also many city dwellers dream of having their own cellar. A basement in a garage is a rational use of space and saving on expensive acres of land. However, garage buildings are often not heated, and storing vegetables and jars of pickles requires a positive temperature.

Even if there is a heating system in the main room, it is recommended to additionally insulate the cellar to prevent dampness.
Every rational owner is interested in learning how to insulate a cellar in a garage. An insulated utility room in the garage provides significant advantages:

• prevents heat losses through the floor;
• makes it possible to use the utility room at any time of the year;
• saving space;
• low cost of repair work.

What materials exist

Choice Supplies depends on the degree of soil freezing, the type of structure and the depth of groundwater flow.

Naturally, insulation materials must meet important requirements: maintain water resistance, heat and protect against fungal infection. Thermal insulators are different for walls, ceilings and floors.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is an excellent thermal insulation material that, in addition to everything, allows air to pass through. To insulate walls and ceilings indoors, you can use slabs of medium and soft hardness. This material does not burn and is easily attached to the surface.

Basalt wool, which has higher thermal conductivity and noise insulation properties, has proven itself especially well. It is important to remember that additional vapor barrier protection will be required to prevent moisture accumulation.

Expanded polystyrene

This is a high quality thermal insulation material that is perfect for a basement. It has high resistance to mold and the spread of rot.

His important characteristic is almost completely waterproof. In addition, the material has a long service life.

Styrofoam

Often used for cellar insulation. It differs from expanded polystyrene in its manufacturing technology and higher vapor permeability. Has the following distinctive characteristics:

• does not allow moisture to pass through and does not change shape under its influence;
• weighs little and does not create additional load;
• affordable.

Reflective Thermal Insulator

New materials include reflective insulation.

In its production, special rolls are used, which, on the one hand, are made of foamed polyurethane foam, and on the other, of polished foil.

This insulation effectively saves room space, since its thickness is 3-5 mm.

Glass wool

Glass wool is used less and less today. But it has one undeniable advantage. It's cheap.

When working with such material, it is worth stocking up on protective gloves, and you also need to protect your eyes. It is necessary to additionally insulate with film or foil.

Warm plaster

This material performs both decorative and heat-insulating functions.

Plaster can be used as an independent raw material, or can be combined with other thermal insulators. In any case, it must be applied in a very thick layer.

Expanded clay

The floor in the basement can be insulated with expanded clay. This inexpensive option, very easy to use and effective. The thickness of the expanded clay layer depends on the expected load.

Sand and crushed stone

The construction of sand, crushed stone and screed is also quite effective.

First we deepen and level the floor. The first layer is crushed stone, 10 cm thick, then sand 5 cm thick. After thorough compaction, fill it with hot bitumen and make a reinforced concrete screed. This is a traditional and inexpensive option.

Step-by-step instructions for insulation

Most experts recommend using polystyrene foam as a heat insulator. To insulate a cellar in a garage, you should choose a material with a thickness of 40-50 mm. Such insulation will maintain a stable temperature for a very long time.

Foamed sheets have a cellular structure, due to which they have lightness and low thermal conductivity. You can do the installation work yourself.

Selecting installation tools

When insulating, you need to stock up on numerous construction tools:

• level;
• hammer;
• trowel;
• spatulas;
• glue;
• dowels;
• plaster mortar;
• primer and putty;
• brush for applying primer.

Preparing the premises

Before installation work We clean the basement from dirt. If the surfaces are uneven, then we perform putty and primer. Moreover, the latter procedure effectively protects against fungus. We moisten the surface and polystyrene. This can be done using a garden sprayer.

You can also create a ventilation layer between the wall and the material. To do this, we attach a special frame to the wall, and then mount the slabs on it. Ventilation can be installed after laying the sheets, but you will have to use drywall.

There are two ways to attach the material to the surface: adhesive and fungal.

Fastening with adhesive method

The first method is mounting using an adhesive solution. This is a great option as the glue has excellent adhesion. We dilute the solution in a plastic container and mix well with an electric drill. After moistening the surface, apply the glue in the form of spots with a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Using a trowel, apply another layer of glue to the resulting stains. It can also be applied to the end parts, this will make it easier to join the slabs. Press the sheet against the wall and tap it well with your palm. The slabs should be laid from top to bottom, that is, from the ceiling to the floor.

Mushroom fastening

For the second method you will need dowels. These are small screws with a head. For this material, it is better to select disc-shaped screws, which can be metal or plastic. It is better to choose plastic products: they are not subject to corrosion and will not allow cold to pass through.

Using a drill, we make through holes in the wall and material for dowels. In the corners we leave indentations of 10-15 cm. When choosing the length of the screws, you should take into account the thickness of the polystyrene foam, plus 4-5 cm.

Eliminating cracks

After 5 days, when the glue has completely hardened, we seal the cracks with polyurethane foam using a construction gun.

Finishing

Finishing materials are attached to polystyrene foam using lathing. You can install drywall first, and install panels on top or simply paint. The most popular method is plastering.

1. prime the polystyrene foam coating;
2. we perform reinforcement with a special mesh;
3. level the surface, grind thoroughly;
4. prime again;
5. and do the finishing touches.

You can use mineral and acrylic plaster. A basement with an acrylic finish will last for decades. It also has excellent adhesive properties and protective functions.

x-teplo.ru

How to insulate a cellar lid with your own hands?

Fedor Bogdanovich, Moscow asks a question:

Recently moved to a private house, we store vegetables in the cellar outside. I noticed that his door freezes when it’s cold outside (below -15 degrees). Someone tell me what and how to insulate the cellar lid.

The expert answers:

Good afternoon. If the cellar is on the street, then there should be insulation on the hatch, it’s just that it’s already worn out or torn off or damaged in some place. Look at what material is used for insulation. It can be glass wool, polystyrene foam, mineral wool. Upon inspection, you will be able to find a place where you need to glue or replace the insulation in order to survive until spring, when it will be possible to make a full repair of the hatch.

If the temperature in the region where you live rarely falls below -15°C, then you can use cotton wool as protection from the cold. In areas with lower temperatures, it is better to use polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam. The work should be done in the spring in dry weather.

If the insulation on the hatch is old or does not suit the climate, then you must first remove it. To do this, you will need a spatula, a puller and other tools that may be required for dismantling. Take the ones you have and which ones are more convenient to use.

To insulate a hatch with your own hands, you will need direct insulation in rolls, tiles or aerosol, moisture-proof materials, a hammer and nails or screws and a drill, polyurethane foam, sheet of plywood, wooden block, saw, tape measure. Before insulating the cellar lid, you need to measure it using a tape measure and cut out the necessary parts from a block of wood, plywood and insulation (if polystyrene). Then you need to attach moisture protection. This can be polyethylene film, polyurethane foam (spray material).

moipodval.ru

how to insulate a cellar with expanded polystyrene from freezing than in a garage and a lid on the outside

Insulation of the basement from the inside should be used if it is impossible to carry out external thermal insulation or as a supplement to it. Insulation of the basement from the inside allows you to extend the life of the building. Proper insulation and insulation helps reduce heat loss, protect against dampness, and prevents the appearance of cracks if the soil swells. Insulation will allow you not to heat the basement and keep it stable inside. temperature regime. The cost of materials for insulation is not high, so all work can be completed without significant costs. The equipped basement can be used as free space.

Each house has a basement, which is an area located between the ground and the first floor. Typically, the height and width of the basement allows it to be used for a wide variety of purposes. Many people use the basement as a cellar for storing vegetables and canning.

If there are irregularities on the surface of the cellar walls, it is recommended to eliminate them, because they will interfere with the installation of the insulating material

For successful and long-term storage of food, the temperature in the cellar must be stable and optimal.

Proper insulation can make the room temperature normal and suitable for year-round use of the room. Basement insulation can reduce heat loss by up to 20%. Basement insulation has a positive effect on the condition of the cellar walls, protecting them from dampness and moisture. Insulating the floor with polystyrene foam will protect the surface from hypothermia.

Tips for strengthening your basement:

• The most effective way strengthening is the external insulation of the basement. With this technology, thermal insulation is installed on the outside of the building. This prevents basement walls from freezing during cold periods.
• If you insulate the basement from the inside, condensation may form on the walls. Where the junction of the insulation and the wall passes.
• Do not forget that basement walls need to be waterproofed. Thermal insulation must be resistant to moisture.
• An excellent option for wall insulation is polystyrene foam. Polystyrene foam should be used on initial stage construction of the building.

Air insulation must be done so that it does not penetrate into the room cold air. Foam insulation will ensure a stable microclimate in the cellar both in summer and winter. You should also take care of high-quality waterproofing, since protection from the cold will not be enough.

Insulation of the cellar: preparatory work

You can insulate the cellar with your own hands, but to do this, you must first decide what material will be used for this. At the initial stage of construction, the cellar can also be insulated from the outside. Floors, walls and ceilings must be insulated.

The walls must be treated with waterproofing material (all kinds of mastics or liquid rubber can be used)

If all work on the construction of the cellar is completed, then the basement can only be insulated from the inside.

It is important to remember that when insulating from the inside, condensation occurs between the joints of two materials. Typically condensation causes Construction Materials are starting to deteriorate. To prevent this, it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing that will protect the basement from the penetration of underwater water.

Preparatory work:

• Before laying insulation on the surfaces, it is important to make sure that they are perfectly level.
• When the surface of the walls and ceiling is smooth, it should be treated with a special antiseptic solution.
• When the thermal insulation layer is laid, the humidity level in the cellar will increase. To fix this, you need to take care of installing a high-quality ventilation system.

In order for the surface to be insulated reliably and efficiently, all cracks and crevices must first be removed. If the material is attached to the surface using dowels, it is important to ensure that they are also insulated, because cold will also penetrate through the cracks around them. You should not forget that you need to install a vapor barrier material.

How to insulate a cellar from the inside against freezing

Usually a lot of moisture forms in the cellar, which negatively affects the condition of all surfaces: floor, walls and ceiling. In winter, surfaces freeze, and in spring they become covered with condensation. The cellar must be protected from freezing, condensation, and penetration of melt and groundwater.

Once the waterproofing layer is completely dry, foam can be glued to the wall

The best insulation option is insulation with extruded polystyrene foam. However, many may disagree here.

Many craftsmen advise insulating surfaces that are located outside, since insulation from the inside often leads to the formation of a freezing zone. A good option external insulation - use of roofing felt. To insulate the surface from the outside, you first need to remove the soil that has fallen on the walls and let the brick dry.

Step-by-step insulation:

• Remove soil.
• It is important to take breaks so that the walls have time to dry.
• Paste foam boards. For reliability, it is better to secure them with dowels.
• Cover all surfaces with roofing felt to protect them from moisture.

For insulation to be reliable, it should be done not only from the outside, but also from the inside. The best material for this is foam. The foam is very strong and reliable, it does not crumble and is not afraid of moisture. You can easily install the slabs yourself.

Step-by-step actions: how to insulate a basement from the inside

Today, the most common method of insulating walls, ceilings and floors in a basement, garage or shed is insulation using foam boards. The slabs can be easily glued to the surface yourself, after first cleaning and leveling it. For reliability, the foam is attached with dowels.

A significant disadvantage of insulation as foam is its instability to attacks by rodents - they love it very much and quickly damage it.

It is also important to pay attention to the fact that polystyrene foam burns well, so you should not mount it close to sockets and electrical wiring. At the initial stage of insulation, careful preparation of surfaces should not be neglected. The foam boards will attach securely if the surfaces are level.

The most common material for laying floors and ceilings is concrete. Concrete allows cold to penetrate into the room. But in the summer it heats up. Concrete also cannot withstand moisture.

How to insulate the floor and ceiling:

• Concrete slabs must be treated with a special waterproofing compound, which penetrates deeply into the concrete, filling capillaries and concrete cracks.
• After the concrete surface has completely dried, it is necessary to begin attaching the concrete slabs.
• The slabs must be additionally secured with dowels.

After the slabs are securely fastened, it is necessary to cover them with a mounting mesh and secure them with plaster. Surfaces can also be reinforced with mineral wool. In order to secure the cotton wool, it is necessary to first mount wooden blocks on the surface.

How to insulate a cellar in a garage (video)

It is very important to securely strengthen the basement, since moisture and cold will penetrate into an unprotected room. All surfaces must be carefully prepared before insulation - they must be as smooth and dry as possible. It is also important to insulate the places where the insulating material is secured with dowels, as well as the cellar lid and hatch. It is important to reliably insulate a concrete or sand floor, as they allow groundwater to pass through very well.

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heatclass.ru

How to insulate the cellar

How to properly insulate a cellar with your own hands |

Carrying out insulation work in the cellar with your own hands

As a rule, the cellar is used for storing food, since this room is most suitable for such use. Thermal insulation of the cellar not only solves problems with storing food, but is also responsible for the warmth in the house.

So, an uninsulated cellar will cause cold and high humidity.

It is possible to carry out insulation work yourself; it is not necessary to involve specialists.

Stages of work:

Advice. If it is found that there is condensation on the walls of the room, this indicates that the foundation of the building is poorly waterproofed. In this case, insulation should not be carried out until work has been completed to protect the load-bearing base.

• Another way to waterproof the foundation is to lay a drainage ditch, which is installed at a depth of about 30 cm below the level of the house’s cellar.
• All of the above measures, in fact, are only an addition to protection. Of course, they are very important, but they are not the main ones.

Note. The main and most important method of waterproofing is treating the walls both outside and inside the foundation of the building with special compounds.

Waterproofing walls

Treatment of walls with liquid rubber - reliable protection against dampness

The simplest and most inexpensive way to treat the inside is to cover the walls with liquid rubber. The price for such a polymer-bitumen solution is quite reasonable.

• The solution can be easily applied with a brush or roller to a previously prepared surface.
• Then the composition is placed in any in a convenient way. Despite the fact that such a mixture has excellent adhesion to the surface, it is necessary to additionally press it against the walls to avoid peeling under the influence of moisture.

Note. But such treatment of the surface of the walls of a cellar or basement is sometimes insufficient; there are many reasons for this.

• If waterproofing was not carried out during construction or was performed poorly, it is necessary to remove all adjacent soil to the foundation walls and wait until the walls are completely dry.
• After this, you need to apply a mixture of diesel fuel and bitumen in proportions 3:1 to the surface of the walls, and then cover everything with hot bitumen.
• You need to remember about ventilation, no matter what material is chosen for insulating the cellar, it will quickly become unusable if there is no air circulation in the room.
• The simplest and most effective way of ventilation is to install a system of supply and exhaust ducts made of ordinary PVC pipes with a diameter from 1 to 5 cm.

The air will circulate independently due to the temperature difference, and the end of the supply channel should be significantly lower than the end of the outlet channel.

How to insulate a cellar: choice of material

Thermal insulation of the cellar: an integrated approach - insulation of the ceiling in the cellar, walls and floor

To insulate a cellar, you will need several materials, since different raw materials for thermal insulation are used for the walls, ceiling and floor. For example, it is easier to insulate the ceiling of a cellar with polystyrene foam.

How to insulate a cellar:

• If everything is in order with waterproofing and ventilation, then you can proceed directly to insulating the cellar.
• Despite the fact that internal insulation will significantly change the microclimate of the cellar, do not forget that the wall in any case interacts with the external environment.
• This means that in frost or extreme heat it will heat up or freeze to a large extent.
• This can be avoided if measures are taken to externally insulate the cellar. The most practical and inexpensive way is to cover it with a mixture of cement and sawdust.
• The composition is prepared at the rate of: 1 part cement and 8 parts sawdust, with this solution the wall is covered with a layer of 25–35 cm, after drying a cement screed is applied.

Note. This method, in addition to its direct functional features will help “shift” the formation of the dew point into the insulation layer, which will prevent the appearance of moisture in the insulated room.

Walls outside

Instructions for carrying out external thermal insulation work

Insulating cellar walls from the inside is ineffective, since the material will significantly reduce the area of ​​the room and moisture and cold will still remain. The strongest thermal insulation is measures aimed at insulating walls from the outside.

If this was not done during construction, then the soil should be removed and thermal insulation done from scratch.

The procedure for insulating walls with foam plastic from the outside:

• All wall defects must be eliminated.
• Carry out high-quality waterproofing of cellar walls.
• Install foam plastic boards (experts recommend using material with a density of 25).
• The insulation, in order to avoid the formation of condensation, is covered with a vapor barrier film.
• A cement screed is made on top; cement grade M-100 is used to prepare it; reinforcement is used for strength.

Insulation of the ceiling in the cellar

Working with the ceiling

“How to insulate a cellar ceiling?” - perhaps the most pressing question, since half of the total heat exchange between the room and environment occurs through the floor and ceiling. Therefore, insulating the cellar ceiling is a very important stage of thermal insulation.

Polystyrene foam, as insulation for a cellar, is best suited for:

• Excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
• Low weight does not create a load on structural elements.
• Availability and cost-effectiveness.
• Low exposure to moisture.
• Does not rot and does not contribute to the formation of mold.

We work with foam plastic:

• The only alternative to polystyrene foam is polystyrene foam. Other materials can be used as insulation, but they are much more expensive and less practical.
• Before you begin insulation, it is necessary to eliminate all wall defects: chips, cracks. You need to check the condition of the joints.
• Polystyrene foam is very easy to use; it is enough to glue it to the surface with frost-resistant glue or attach it using special dowels.
• Polystyrene foam fastening can also be done without the help of special lathing. The advantage is that the material is non-hygroscopic, and therefore does not require installation of a vapor barrier film.

Advice. If glass wool or similar insulation is used, it is necessary to install a sheathing.

The disadvantages of polystyrene foam include a high fire hazard, so wiring and other sources of ignition must be isolated from the material as much as possible. In addition, polystyrene foam is not environmentally friendly, which is why it is not used in residential areas.

Floor

Thermal insulation “pie” for the floor

There are several ways to insulate a floor. The most common option is expanded clay insulation. This requires a vapor barrier, the role of which is performed by a vapor barrier film. After this, beacons are installed according to the rules.

Note. Then expanded clay is poured, the fraction of which is from 5 to 20 mm, the layer thickness should be at least 10 cm, and then it is filled with reinforced concrete screed and leveled.

Floor insulation can be done using crushed stone and sand.

Sequencing:

• The top layer of the floor, about 30 cm thick, is removed.
• A 10 cm layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the resulting depression.
• Construction of a sand cushion 5 cm thick.
• Tamping.
• Filling with bitumen for waterproofing.

Application of reinforced concrete screed followed by leveling.

Doors and hatches

The door or hatch to the cellar must also be insulated; thermal insulation can be carried out as in the case of walls. An important point is to eliminate cracks: the fact is that this can lead to disruption of air circulation.

To eliminate cracks, polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam is used; previously, felt was used for this. In conclusion, we recommend watching the video in this article and learning more about high-quality thermal insulation of the cellar.

pogreb-podval.ru

Nowadays, when you can find canned food and fresh vegetables at any time of the year, the cellar no longer plays such an important role as before. However, many strive to preserve the harvest harvested on their own personal plot, make more supplies for the winter, and accordingly, equip a good and dry cellar in the house.

For long-term storage of vegetables, it is necessary that there is no high humidity, and the temperature remained at 2-5 degrees. In addition, the cellar must be protected from rodents. Let's consider how to insulate a cellar correctly and is it possible to carry out external insulation?

There are several options for arranging a cellar.

Insulation of a cellar located in the basement

The cellar is planned to be located in the basement of a house under construction. In this case, waterproofing the walls and floor, as well as insulating the cellar walls, should be done at the construction stage. To do everything right, make sure that groundwater will not rise above the level of the basement floor every spring (ask neighbors who have already built about this). In any case, the walls are first treated with a waterproofing compound, and the top is lined with foam plastic or polystyrene foam boards.

The advantages of polystyrene foam include its resistance to fungus, mold, and rot. It also has a number of technical advantages: it is easy to process, easy to install, and has a very attractive price. The disadvantages include its “defenselessness” against rodents.

If the cellar was made, but was not properly insulated at the construction stage, and now begins to “cry,” then the best solution would still be to insulate it from the outside. Someone will exclaim: “But this is a lot of work!” Yes, to dig out the walls of the cellar, you will have to remove a lot of soil, then wait until the brick or concrete dries, and then insulate it. But this is the only way to achieve the greatest effect.

In some cases, builders advise making internal insulation using foam boards, since working with it is quite easy and the costs are minimal. However, if the insulation is glued on the inside, then on the outside Brick wall everything will also be subject to freezing or exposure to water. Having soaked the brick, water will still get into the cellar. If the walls are insulated from the outside, they will not freeze; the dew point will remain in the area of ​​the insulation. The part of the insulating layer that will be covered with soil is also covered bitumen mastic, and the one that protrudes onto the base is covered with plaster or other suitable materials. It is also necessary to make a blind area around the perimeter of the constructed house in a timely manner. This will not only be convenient and beautiful, but will also protect the foundation of the house from water ingress and subsidence.

Insulation of a detached cellar

If the size of the plot and the groundwater level allow, then it would be more advisable to build a cellar separately from the house. Since it's aboveground part can be used in landscape design like an alpine slide, for example.

How to insulate a cellar if condensation suddenly appears? A common cause of condensation is poor-quality waterproofing of the ceiling or vault above the steps.

As you know, the soil temperature at a depth of three meters perfectly maintains above-zero temperatures, constant throughout the year. It was this property that was used since ancient times by peasants who stored supplies in underground caches. To insulate the cellar from above, peat soil was most often used, since it retains heat better and rodents do not like to live in it. The staircase arch was embanked with 40-50 cm of soil, and the cellar itself was located 2-3 meters underground. This provided the optimal temperature for storing vegetables.

However, if the surface brickwork If not waterproofed, there will be a risk of water leakage. In such cases, experts recommend the following measures. It is necessary to remove the soil and clean the brick (concrete) surfaces. Prime them with a solution of bitumen and diesel fuel (1:3), then apply two layers of hot bitumen on top.

The cheapest method of insulation is to use sawdust-cement coating. The sawdust is moistened with water, mixed with cement (the proportion is 1 part cement and 8 parts sawdust), laid in a layer of 30-40 cm and compacted well. After a few days, when the mixture has dried, prepare a cement screed from cement and sand (1:4) and apply it in a layer of 2.5 centimeters. In order to prevent freezing of the corners of the cellar, insulation is applied with an allowance of 40 cm to all side walls.

The screed will be ready to be covered with roofing felt in four days. By gluing roofing felt using bitumen, you can fill the cellar with soil. The doors to the cellar also need to be insulated. And, most importantly, don’t forget about proper ventilation. The cellar must have two pipes (for air inlet and outlet).

How to insulate the walls of the cellar from the outside yourself?

Modern cellars country houses They have long been no longer associated with gloomy and damp rooms that are scary to enter. In an effort to get as much usable space in their home as possible, country homeowners are trying to equip bathhouses, saunas, gyms, workshops and other premises in the basements. During the year, the temperature in the basement changes slightly, due to the location of this room underground. In addition to this, it is very important to provide a microclimate inside the basement that is acceptable for human occupancy. That is why attention should be paid to insulating the basement from the outside.

All insulation work must be carried out during the construction stage of the house. Insulating a basement in an already built house will be extremely difficult.

Approximately 25% of heat loss that occurs during the most ordinary Vacation home, happen precisely because of poor thermal insulation of the underground part of the building. If the basement or cellar does not have effective insulation, heat loss during the heating season will be simply enormous.

Insulate inside or outside?

The basement can be insulated from the outside and from the inside, but external thermal insulation will have a much stronger effect than internal insulation. Insulating cellar walls from the inside is appropriate in cases where it is not possible to do it from the outside. The outer layer of insulation will protect the wall and moisture-proof coating from temperature and mechanical influences. In turn, internal thermal insulation can contribute to the appearance of water at the point of contact of the insulation with the basement wall.

External thermal insulation has many advantages over internal insulation.

External insulation a cellar or basement has many advantages:

• The overall microclimate in the basement will be improved.
• The surface of the walls of the basement or cellar will become warmer.
• Condensation will stop forming on the walls.
• The dimensions of the basement will remain the same after all work has been completed.
• A more profitable solution from an economic point of view.
• In a properly made thermal insulation layer, cold bridges will not form.
• External waterproofing will be protected from mechanical stress.

Preliminary waterproofing of the room

Before insulation, horizontal waterproofing of the room is performed (if it has not already been done). You can choose any insulating materials (the market offers a wide range). Only after the waterproofing is done can you begin to insulate the walls of the basement or cellar from the outside.

It is recommended to additionally treat the surface of the heat-insulating material, which will be located below ground level, with waterproof mastic. In addition, before insulating the basement walls from the outside, these walls need to be leveled. It will not be superfluous to apply antifungal agents.

It is recommended to begin work on external thermal insulation of the basement 5-7 days after you have completed all measures to protect against moisture.

Roll waterproofing.

The procedure for insulation work

To insulate outside walls, special slab insulation materials are usually used, which are easy to install. The slabs are fixed to the waterproofing layer using adhesive mixtures or mastics. Treating the entire surface of the insulation board with mastic reduces the risk of the insulation shifting when the ground moves.

Cold mastic must be applied to the surface of the slab, then pressed against the wall and held until the adhesive hardens (usually 30-40 seconds).

The laying of thermal insulation slabs should begin from the bottom (strictly along the perimeter); the slabs can protrude 30-40 cm above the ground.

It is important that the insulation boards are of the same thickness. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that they are tightly adjacent to each other. It is recommended to immediately seal all resulting voids with construction foam. In the future, the slabs will be securely supported by a layer of soil. The main thing is that they do not move apart or move.

Insulation of basement walls, as noted above, should be carried out during the construction phase of the building. If for some reason this was not done, then it is better to insulate the basement yourself only from the inside. External insulation in a built house can only be done efficiently by professionals. It is not recommended to do such work yourself without the appropriate skills due to the high risk of weakening the foundation and walls of the building.

Floor insulation

If the floor or ceiling of the cellar does not have thermal insulation, then all work related to insulating the basement walls from the outside becomes useless.

Thermal insulation material for the cellar floor must have high resistance to mechanical loads. In addition, insulation must be done with materials that are resistant to moisture. A striking example of such a heat insulator is ordinary polystyrene foam or modern polystyrene foam.

A layer of expanded clay under a concrete screed.

Homeowners often use thermal insulation materials based on mineral wool. However, such insulation allows moisture to pass through and deteriorates quite quickly. Also, bulk thermal insulation materials are often used when insulating a cellar.

First of all, you need to prepare the base for the floor. To do this, broken brick or coarse crushed stone is poured onto the leveled and dried soil. If it is not possible to dry the soil completely, then crushed stone (or other drainage) must be used (it should also be soaked in greasy clay or bitumen).

Expanded clay, peat or even coal are often used as thermal insulation materials for floor insulation.

The floor itself is made from a finished reinforced concrete slab or poured from cement mortar. Ready concrete covering You can lay any decorative covering.

The process of installing and insulating the floor in the cellar can be represented as follows:

• The soil level in the cellar is deepened by 20-30 cm, after which it is carefully leveled.
• A layer of crushed stone 10-15 cm thick is poured and compacted well. This is the so-called “drainage layer”.
• A sand cushion no more than 10 cm thick is laid on the crushed stone layer, and everything is compacted again.
• The resulting “pie” is filled with hot bitumen composition.
• A layer of expanded clay is poured on top for insulation.
• Reinforcement is made and concrete solution is poured.

How to insulate a cellar

A cellar is built for long-term storage of food. At negative temperatures, as well as at high humidity, all the workpieces will be lost, so the structure must be insulated.

Practice shows that most often finished buildings are insulated, i.e. from the inside. The work is worth the cost if the walls do not allow moisture to pass through. Any insulating material cannot withstand moisture and will rot. If there is a leak, eliminate the cause; if impossible, make outlets to a special place in the cellar so that the water flows in a controlled direction. For outlets, use galvanized gutters.

If the moisture issue is resolved, you can attach insulation to the walls, for example, polystyrene foam. Prepare the walls for installation of the material. Seal gaps with foam or caulk. Remove uneven surfaces to ensure a smooth surface. Apply a waterproofing coating over the entire area, e.g. liquid rubber, penetron or hydrosol. Check ventilation operation.

After the coating has dried, secure the foam sheets. Glue the sheets onto a special solution for polystyrene foam, additionally secure the insulation with dowels - one in the middle of the sheet, four in the corners. Seal the gaps between them with foam. Place the mounting mesh on top and apply a layer of plaster.

For a free-standing cellar, the thickness of the foam sheets does not matter - usually the depth of the buildings is at least 3 meters, which ensures a constant temperature all year round. For a garage cellar, we recommend 50 mm thick polystyrene foam PSB-S-25, which will ensure a relatively stable temperature.

If the cellar is located under the house, it is enough to attach foam plastic to the ceiling and plaster it in the same way as the walls. Impregnate the concrete ceiling of a free-standing cellar with a waterproofing compound that will prevent moisture from seeping from above, then glue the foam. Outside, pour a layer of peat more than 50 cm thick, which retains heat well. Insulate the floor with expanded clay or sawdust.

The ceiling of the garage cellar is insulated in a different way. To avoid condensation, a false ceiling is made. A base made of metal pipes with a mesh on which hermetically sealed bags of straw are placed. Seal the gaps between the bags.

Mineral wool is also a good heat insulator, is inexpensive, but does not tolerate moisture well. It is better to use basalt or fiberglass slabs. To fix mineral slabs on the walls, wooden sheathing is made. Mats wrapped in a vapor-proof film are placed inside the structure. The top of the insulation can be covered with a decorative wall.

If moisture cannot be eliminated from the inside, the cellar is insulated from the outside. Remove soil from the walls outside the cellar, let the walls dry, then clean. Apply a solution of bitumen with diesel fuel (1:3) to the surface, then hot bitumen in two layers. The coating will prevent moisture from entering the cellar.

To insulate walls from the outside, use sawdust-cement coating. Add water and cement to the sawdust (1 part cement and 8 sawdust), mix everything, lay it around the walls in a layer of 30-40 cm and compact it. After drying, the heat-insulating coating is plastered, and then the roofing material is glued with bitumen. The walls of the cellar are covered with soil.

It is much easier to insulate the cellar during its construction. In this case, the amount of work is reduced and the supply of building materials inside the building is facilitated, for example, in the manufacture and insulation of the floor, and the method of insulating the ceiling is simplified.

kapremlo.ru

Technique for insulating a cellar roof from the street side

The cellar serves as a warehouse during the winter period. With the help of this simple room you can preserve vegetables and homemade preparations until the start of the next season. This is accompanied by various conditions microclimate inside the cellar - a certain air temperature, humidity, as well as air pollution.

In order to the necessary conditions preserved for a long period of time, care should be taken in advance to insulate the internal and external parts of the room. Because warm air tends upward, you need to make sure that it always remains within a confined space. This can be facilitated by an insulated hatch into the basement.

How to insulate a cellar lid on the street? To do this, you need to follow some rules and follow tips that will allow you to preserve vegetables for a long time.

Preparatory work and selection of material

The most important stage of preparation for work is quality choice material. Different manufacturers offer a variety of options for insulation products, so this task can be quite difficult for a non-professional. So how to insulate the cellar lid?

There are several reliable insulation options that, one way or another, are able to retain heat inside the room, and also, if necessary, provide the possibility of ventilation.

Insulation using foam plastic

The most common option for insulating not only the cellar, but also any other premises. Foam plastic was once actively used by construction workers, as it had all the necessary qualities:

• low cost;
• low thermal conductivity;
• extremely high installation performance.

But recently, polystyrene foam has lost its popularity due to the creation of more modern insulation materials. This, of course, did not stop him from being quality material, which can be used to insulate a room in a short period of time and at low financial costs.

Insulation using mineral and glass wool

Another material that became widespread not only in Soviet times, but also nowadays. Using these materials, you can insulate the cellar from the inside, and not just from the outside. Cotton wool insulation materials are generally used very widely, since they have all the same properties as polystyrene foam. Noticeable distinctive feature only the cost stands out. It is slightly higher, but the quality of work, accordingly, will be an order of magnitude better than when working with foam plastic.

Use of sealing hatches

To complete the insulation work much faster, you can use ready-made sealed hatches. They are specially designed for underground rooms and retain heat perfectly.

Main advantages:

• very high quality;
• quick installation;
• visually pleasing, aesthetic appearance.

The only problem this method– quite high price for ready product. Otherwise, this is in all respects an excellent way to insulate a cellar. It is precisely because of the high price of such a product that people are looking for ways to insulate a cellar door with their own hands, spending a minimum of money and effort.

Once the material has been selected, you can begin preparatory work. Their essence is to clear the area around the cellar, as well as provide the most comfortable conditions during work.

Work planning

Before you insulate the cellar lid in the house or on the street, you need to draw up a clear plan for the upcoming work.

The work plan will look something like this:

Assessing the condition of the premises

Based on the assessment of the condition of the cellar, conclusions can be drawn about the required amount of material and the feasibility of repairs. The assessment should be carried out using folk ways, for example, with the help of fire you can determine where the cracks are, etc.

Identifying the most damaged areas

This is precisely what needs to be emphasized, since a large amount of warm air escapes through the huge cracks.

Preparation of material

Once the required amount of material has become known, it needs to be prepared for direct installation. It should be cut, processed, etc., so as not to be distracted by this stage in the future.

Beginning of work

When everything is ready, you can start working. Work should be carried out in accordance with safety regulations and, if possible, using additional tools.

Brief construction instructions

Since the work will be done entirely with your own hands, the best material turns out to be mineral wool. It not only retains heat, but also does not allow moisture to pass through, and is also quite easy to install.

First you need to clear out the old holes that were found during the assessment of the room. After this, they can either be plugged with mineral wool, or plastered with putty. Here, the material of the walls and ceiling of the cellar, where the cracks are located, plays an important role.

Does the cellar have a strictly vertical appearance? In this case, the work will be even easier. A frame of small timber is built above the hatch cover, at a distance of 5-10 cm from the base.

Important! The frame must be made around the perimeter somewhat larger than the perimeter of the upper surface of the cellar. Thus, the cellar will be warmer.

Insulation is placed into this frame, and the entire structure is covered with ordinary polyethylene film on top.

This method of insulation is the most budgetary, but effective option. You can also insulate the cellar from the inside; in this case, the frame will have to be built from the inside and covered with film. The hatch into the basement, insulated in this way, does not let the cold in at all, which provides vegetables with a longer shelf life.

In general, there are quite a lot of options for cellar insulation; each of them must be selected individually. But all of them, one way or another, are quite feasible at home.

The finished cellar can remain in this condition for at least several years. The main thing is that moisture does not enter in large quantities.

Important! After it's passed winter period, the cellar must be opened gradually, over several days, so that all accumulated gases are removed from there, even if the cellar has a passive ventilation system.

zakromadoma.ru

DIY cellar hatch

Almost every owner own home sets up a cellar in his home - a place where he can store canned food, products from the garden, and seasonal items. In a properly equipped cellar, due to its proximity to the ground, a low temperature and a certain humidity are always maintained. The entrance to the cellar, located on the floor, often leads from the kitchen or hallway of the house.

DIY cellar hatch

You need to know how to properly make an entrance hatch into the “bins” in order to avoid heat loss and not disturb the interior of the floor of the room. It is also important to consider a system of stoppers or shock absorbers that will prevent spontaneous closing of the hatch at the moment when a person descends into the cellar.

A good hatch will not slam shut over your head thanks to shock absorbers

Important points

If the construction of a house is in full swing and the location of the hatch to the basement or cellar is still at the development stage, it is worth considering the following nuances.

1. The entrance should be located in a convenient place, not next to a wall. This is necessary so that the hatch opens without any interference.
2. If you plan to make the entrance to the cellar in the kitchen, it is important to place the entrance where there will be no furniture, for example, dinner table. It is important that the raised lid does not touch kitchen set or other things.
3. The design of the hatch cover must be reinforced and withstand the weight of a person, if, for example, the entrance to the cellar will be from the corridor.
4. Dimensions of the entrance to the cellar. They must be “tailored” to the dimensions of the owners. This is necessary in order to easily go down to the basement and get the necessary things and products out of it.

Wooden cellar hatch

Wooden cellar hatch

A wooden hatch is made if a wooden plank. This will visually hide the entrance to the underground and lighten the weight of the entire structure.

To make a wooden hatch, the following tools are required.

1. Saw.
2. Hammer.
3. Screwdriver.
4. Brush.

You also need to prepare the necessary materials.

1. Boards for the top flooring.
2. Laths for sheathing.
3. Beams for supports
4. Plywood.
5. Drying oil.
6. Nails.
7. Screws.
8. Chalk or pencil.
9. Insulation.
10. Hinges and gas shock absorber.
11. Pen.

How to make a cellar hatch

If the hole into the cellar measures 80 by 80 cm, then the lid should be made a little smaller so that it fits freely to the floor. The gaps between the floor and the hatch cover should be no more than 4-5 mm.

The height of the hatch must match the dimensions of the final and rough coating. For this purpose, the hatch is made multi-layered. The first layer is plywood, onto which slats are laid in the form of sheathing. Insulation (second layer) is placed between these slats to prevent drafts. A board (finishing layer) is attached to the top of the slats.

Hatch in the floor

It is advisable to select a material that matches the width and thickness of the board laid on the floor. It is also a good idea to nail the top boards of the hatch parallel to the floorboard so that the cover does not stand out too much on the floor.

Mechanism for opening the floor hatch cover

The design of such an insulated wooden hatch is not too heavy; it can be equipped with ordinary hinges attached to the basement side. But experts recommend equipping the hatch with gas closers, which simplify lifting the structure.

Hatch handle

A special handle is attached to the front surface of the hatch, which is placed on the floor and does not protrude.

Video - Hatch to a cellar made of wood with closers

Metal hatch to the cellar

Metal hatch to the cellar

Metal structures are more reliable and stronger than wooden hatches. But making such a lid is much more difficult.

To make a metal hatch you will need the following tools.

1. Angle grinder with cutting metal disk.
2. Welding machine.
3. Screwdriver.
4. Roulette.

You should also stock up on materials.

1. Sheet steel, thickness 3 mm and 1 mm.
2. Steel corner 3-4 mm.
3. Loops.
4. Gas closer.
5. Anchors
6. Polystyrene foam or other insulation material.
7. Rubber gaskets-sealers.
8. Primer.

To make a lid, you need to cut a sheet of steel to the required size, for example, 80 by 80 cm. Experts recommend using material at least 3 mm thick.

A corner is welded onto the steel around the perimeter from the inside. It is also recommended to weld stiffeners from the same corner, between which to place insulation. It turns out that the area of ​​the hatch cover is divided into 4 sectors. It is advisable to carry out all welding work carefully; it is advisable to clean the seams.

The insulation should not be wider than the corner. Thin sheet steel or tin is overlapped over the insulating material, bent using blows with a mallet and secured to the corners with self-tapping screws.

The hatch is ready.

Hatch to the cellar

The next stage is the installation of the cellar entrance frame. To do this, the steel angle is cut into fragments corresponding to the size of the hatch opening. The corners are welded together and attached to the concrete using anchors. One of the sides of the frame is a support for the metal hatch. A seal is attached to the protruding edge of the frame, which will reduce heat loss and protect the hatch from friction and impacts against the edges of the frame.

The lid is attached to the metal frame using special reinforced hinges that support the weight of the structure. To make the hatch easy to open, it is recommended to equip it with gas closers. It is recommended to treat all metal steel parts of the hatch structure with drying oil to avoid corrosion.

If the hatch is installed during the construction of the house, then you can hide the entrance to the underground when finishing the floor.

Video - Metal hatch laminate floor

Hatch to the cellar under the tiles

Hatch to the cellar

Tiles are an ideal material for the kitchen. Many housewives prefer this type of floor finishing, especially since decorating the hatch into the basement in the same style as floor covering not too difficult.

This requires the following materials:

• steel corner;
• steel sheet 3 mm minimum;
• reinforcement with a cross section of 3-4 mm;
• solution;
• tile.

The tools needed are the same as when making a regular metal hatch.

Hatch to the cellar under the tiles

Hatch to the cellar under the tiles

Unlike a regular metal hatch, the tile cover is made slightly differently. From sheet steel a blank corresponding to the size of the hatch is cut out. This will be the bottom. A corner is welded along the perimeter of the workpiece, forming the sides. Reinforcement is welded inside the sides to form cells.

The frame for the entrance to the cellar is welded from steel corners and recessed into concrete to the width of the lid. The structure is connected using reinforced hinges. For safety, you can equip the lid with a gas shock absorber.

Once the structure is ready, you can start decorating it. The mortar on which the tiles will be laid is mixed. The solution is poured into the manhole cover, hiding the reinforcing mesh. Tiles are laid on top.

It is important to lay the material on the hatch so that its seams match the tiles laid on the floor.

Inspection hatches for invisible tiles

Video - DIY cellar hatch (metal)

svoimi-rykami.ru

insulation of ceilings, walls, floors, professional advice

The cellar is intended for storing food: vegetables, canned goods. Therefore, it is important to create such a temperature and humidity in the underground room that the food can be kept in good condition.

At sub-zero temperatures the potatoes will freeze. Too much heat will make the vegetables limp. If moisture accumulates in the basement, rotting cannot be avoided.

We will describe how and with what materials it is better to insulate a cellar from the inside.

Let's set the task

The cellar is a very important room in the house for household needs.

It is better to insulate any room during construction. But practice shows that most often finished buildings are insulated. Therefore, let's assume that we have a cellar.

Its walls are made of brick, the role of the ceiling is played by a reinforced concrete slab. There is no floor as such, or rather a dirt floor.

The structure is solid and reliable, however, in winter internal walls Frost appears, and with the arrival of the first spring months, moisture condenses on all structures.

How to insulate such a structure correctly? Is it possible to insulate an underground room from the outside?

In most cases, builders advise sealing the cellar from the inside with foam boards.

This material is inexpensive and can be easily mounted on any wall. Let's try to find satisfactory answers to all the questions posed.

Determining the source of problems

There may be several reasons for the presence of water in the room. Click on photo to enlarge.

There is a lot of moisture in the cellar we described. In winter it freezes, frost forms, and in spring it condenses on the walls and ceiling. The source of moisture must be determined.

Perhaps spring meltwater is penetrating into the cellar. Then you will have to triple the waterproofing protection of the room.

Sometimes groundwater rises close to the surface. In such cases, it is impossible to do without the construction of drainage structures.

It may turn out that water penetrates through flaws in the roof after rains. The insulating structure will not help then.

First, you will need to install pipes to drain rainwater, then plaster and cover the floor slab with penetrating waterproofing.

Before starting insulation work, you should also be sure to find out the level to which the soil freezes in this area. Based on the information collected, it will be possible to determine the thickness and type of material for insulation work and waterproofing.

The best insulation option

It is best to insulate the cellar from the outside. Surely many will smile after reading this.

Basement thermal insulation diagram. Click to enlarge.

Digging out cellar walls is difficult. We'll have to turn over mountains of soil. But only walls insulated from the outside will effectively retain cold and moisture.

If insulation is glued from the inside, the brick wall will remain in the freezing zone. The water will gradually undermine the structure and will soon seep into the cellar.

Walls in such conditions will quickly become unusable.

Walls insulated from the outside will not freeze. If we lay the insulation pie with several sheets of roofing material, we will save both the insulation board and the wall itself from getting wet.

If the cellar has already been built, you will have to throw away the soil from the walls, then wait until the brick dries. It is better to start work in warm and dry weather.

Sequence of work:

1. remove soil;
2. take a break from work until the wall dries;
3. glue the foam boards and additionally secure them with dowels;
4. we lay the structure with roofing felt to protect it from moisture;
5. You can fill the soil back.

Insulation of internal cellar structures

It is clear that it is better to insulate any structure from the outside. But in the case of a cellar, this is not easy, so more often the underground room is insulated inside. How to insulate cellar walls from the inside? First of all, let's decide on the material.

This is how foam sheets are attached. Click on photo to enlarge.

Polystyrene foam is the number one insulation material. It has been used for insulation for more than forty years; everyone is well aware of its positive characteristics and shortcomings. It is quite possible to insulate a cellar from the inside with foam plastic slabs.

The insulation is strong enough and does not crumble. Foam is not damaged by moisture. It will not rot if condensation appears on the insulating structure. It is not necessary to isolate polystyrene foam from water using film structures.

Insulation boards are easy to install. They are glued with a special compound or screwed with dowels with wide heads (mushrooms). The slabs can easily be trimmed with a knife to fit in a corner or on a ledge.

The disadvantages of polystyrene foam are also known to everyone. The material is held in high esteem by rodents. Sometimes they prefer to chew on insulation even in cases where beets and potatoes are stored in the basement. Polystyrene foam burns, so it should be installed carefully near electrical wiring.

How to insulate cellar walls with foam plastic:

1. all cracks in the inner surface of the walls should be sealed with sealant or blown out with foam;
2. if there are irregularities, it is better to smooth them out; it will be difficult to evenly attach a foam board to uneven walls;
3. the wall should be covered with a moisture-proofing material, for example liquid rubber;
4. when the moisture insulation dries, we begin to glue the foam boards;
5. gluing begins from the bottom, the slabs are placed end-to-end, all cracks are filled with foam;
6. for reliability, we fasten the insulation with dowels, one fastener in the middle of the slab, the rest in the corners;
7. A mounting mesh is glued on top of the insulating patty, and plaster can be applied to the floor.

Ceiling and floor

Ceiling structures also need insulation. If the building is separate, it is from above that water can penetrate into the cellar. How to insulate a ceiling in a cellar?

Concrete slabs are often used for the construction of foundations and floors. Concrete is not able to insulate rooms from the cold. The concrete slab gets very hot in the summer and freezes in the winter. Water can leak through the concrete into the cellar.

Inside concrete base There are tiny capillaries through which moisture can move. To create a warm and dry atmosphere in the cellar, the floor slab will have to be insulated and treated with moisture-proofing materials.

Sequence of work:

1. it is better to impregnate the concrete slab with a penetrating waterproofing compound; the substance fills capillaries and cracks in concrete and blocks the path of moisture;
2. when the slab dries, glue foam boards onto its surface, then additionally fix them with dowels;
3. mounting mesh and a layer of plaster.

If it is important for you to insulate the cellar from the inside mineral wool, you will have to build another structure. Wooden blocks are attached to the walls or ceiling. Mineral or basalt wool mats are placed inside the sheathing. The insulation is also laid with vapor-proof films to prevent the cotton wool from getting wet.

For the floor you can suggest various options. Sawdust, expanded clay, and other insulating materials are often used.

How to reduce humidity

We told you how to properly insulate a cellar. Walls insulated from the inside will retain heat. But moisture will not be able to escape through the insulation and films. Water droplets will condense on the walls and ceiling. Rot and mold will appear. Fungal organisms may grow.

How to deal with excess moisture? Be sure to provide a hole for ventilation. The circulating air will pick up the steam and carry it outside.

ultra-term.ru

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