Laying a drainage pipe: step by step instructions. Drain pipe diameter. Types and purpose of drainage pipes Pipes for drainage of the site which to choose

25.11.2019

For any site, a drainage system is required, which works on the principle of collecting excess moisture. We will find out how to install the drainage correctly, choose the type of pipe, the depth of occurrence, the diameter of the products, the slope of the drainage pipe.

For any site, a drainage system is required, which works on the principle of collecting excess moisture.

The right device The drainage system is very simple: in the selected area, it is necessary to make special trenches into which pipes are laid to collect water. All collected moisture through pipes that have different diameters is discharged into a storage tank, reservoir, river.

The peculiarity of such a system is that treatment facilities and expensive installations are not required for its creation.

In addition to pipes having different diameters, the drainage system includes manholes for maintaining the entire system. At the same time, the laying scheme, material, and pipe diameter are determined when planning drainage.

Scheme of the drainage system of the site

Do-it-yourself drainage system for suburban area involves the use of some materials that are mandatory. Among them:

sand and gravel;
piece of geotextile (if the type of soil requires the installation of just such a filter);
pipes of the selected type, the choice of which depends on the soil and the characteristics of the laying;
manholes will require a concrete or plastic pipe (the amount depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe system).

The tools for work are the most minimal: a shovel for digging a trench, building level, measuring tape, wheelbarrows for sand and gravel.

Drainage trench and manholes at their summer cottage

Schematic representation of the drainage in section.

To lay a drainage pipe, it is necessary to properly dig a trench, otherwise the drainage will cause a lot of inconvenience and will not work effectively. The layout of the system, the depth of its occurrence is determined by the project, which must be drawn up by a specialist.

The trench device is as follows:

first, digging is carried out to the required depth, the width of the trench should be 40 cm more;
after this, sand and gravel are poured to create a laying cushion. It is often recommended to lay geotextiles;
the slope of the trench should be about 3 ° so that water can not only enter the pipe, but also drain down it.

The drainage device largely depends on such circumstances as the depth of groundwater, the freezing point of the soil, and the characteristics of the site itself.

For the area where the drainage system is located, it is necessary to provide for the presence of manholes for maintenance. Their device assumes the presence of a well along the route and in bends, the distance to each should be no more than 40-50 m or about 20 m in bends.

Such wells are round or rectangular in shape, their device includes reinforced concrete rings, other materials that are resistant to moisture. Installation does not require waterproofing, the device should not be sealed. The main task is to provide observation, maintenance of the drainage system, supply water for washing under pressure, and prevent silting.

The filter drain pipe should be laid in a drainage ditch min 60 cm wide

If the drainage system for the site has a laying depth of up to 3 m, then a plastic pipe can be used as a manhole. The diameter of such a pipe should be about 30-50 cm. It is best to take products intended for pressure sewage, corrugated, although you can also take smooth ones that have the appropriate diameter.

Drainage pipes: what to choose?

To make a drainage system for the site, you will first have to choose the right pipes. Today, asbestos-cement, polyethylene pipelines are used for this. Their diameter, as a rule, is from 50 to 80 mm. You can also purchase PVC pipes and make perforations on them to drain water with your own hands. Such perforation is performed by cuts on both sides of the pipe, always in a checkerboard pattern. The width of each cut should be 3-5 mm, the length should be half the value that the diameter has.

Arrangement of drainage protected by geotextiles, drainage pipe and crushed stone.

The distance between perforations is 500 mm. Sometimes, instead of cuts, holes with a diameter of 4-5 mm are made, their location is exactly the same, but the distance between them should be up to 100 mm.

Before laying pipes, it is necessary to choose their type and material of manufacture correctly. The selection is carried out taking into account the soil and laying conditions. There are four types of soil, including sandy, clay, gravel, loamy. So, in order to make drainage, you can use these types of pipes:

For crushed stone soil, pipes without a perforated filter layer should be selected.
In the presence of sandy soils, drainage can be made from pipes with a geotextile filter, which will prevent the system from becoming contaminated and clogged with sand. It is best to additionally sprinkle rubble around the pipe.
For clay soil, two options can be used: special pipes with filters made of coconut fiber and pipes without a filter, which are sprinkled with crushed stone and wrapped in geotextiles. To make drainage, it is necessary to lay the system in the ground, but pour a layer of crushed stone with a thickness of about 20 cm on top.
For loam, pipes with a geotextile filter are used.

Simple pipes without a filter are also suitable for the site, but it is recommended to sprinkle them with crushed stone and wrap them in geotextiles.

Fender, ring drainage, drainage around the house

Drainage systems for the site differ in individual types, but for home gardens, two such systems are often used, such as a fender or a ring. The scheme of such drainage is closed, it differs in its appearance, resembling the branches of a tree. Combined systems can also be used, but they all differ in that they have a closed loop. The dewatering of the site is carried out using general drainage.

The drain can be very different, sometimes such a type of system as reservoir is used. This method is used when the speed of water entering the site is negligible. This is the simplest option, in which the pipes are not laid in a trench, but on top of a simple layer of sand and gravel. Such a layer of soil is perfectly permeable to water; when laying such a shallow trench with their own hands, they make a slope of 3 cm for each m of the system.

Reservoir drainage is the simplest, it does not require much effort or expense to lay it, usually this is the most used method for small summer cottages.

Features of work performance

The main mechanical steps in the assembly of the site drainage

Today, the device of the drainage system must meet all the requirements:

Before work, it is necessary to draw up a project for laying drainage. This means that a vertical layout of the site is necessary, as well as determining the level of groundwater, the type of soil itself on the territory. You can’t do it yourself, you need the help of specialists.
Based on the data obtained, it is determined what should be the depth of the trench, the diameter and type of pipe. Such calculations are also recommended to be entrusted to specialists.
After doing design work you can start digging a trench, which is quite possible to do with your own hands. After laying to the required depth, the bottom is covered with a layer of cleaned sand, on which fine gravel is poured.
When digging a trench, it must be taken into account that its width should be approximately 40 cm larger than the diameter of the selected pipe. This will allow you to make the right sprinkling in the proper amount.
Now, using only their hands, the pipe is laid on a sand and gravel cushion, after which sand and gravel are sprinkled. For some types of soil and pipes, it is necessary to additionally use a special fabric.
The slope when laying drainage with your own hands should be from 3 °, manholes for maintenance are required. The distance between such wells should be up to 50 m, the presence of such elements is mandatory at the bends of the system, when the angle of inclination changes.
To avoid blockages, it is recommended to install corrugated pipes that have the ability to self-clean (where possible).
To properly lay the drainage, it is necessary to put check valve or a special prefabricated well, from where water will be periodically pumped out.

Drainage ceramic pipes: a - round, b - with a longitudinal support plane, c - with slotted holes for water intake, d - faceted, e - with sockets, e - with protruding ribs.

The laying of the drainage system must be carried out in full compliance with all requirements. This also applies to the choice of pipes for drainage, which should be suitable for the type of soil. For example, if you have loamy soil in your area, then pipes that do not have a filter cannot be used. So, among the most common mistakes that are made when laying drainage with your own hands, there are:

incorrectly selected type of pipeline;
during installation, the angle of inclination adopted for laying the drainage system is not observed;
water is not drained from the collection well;
do-it-yourself laying technology is violated, that is, the filtering coating, consisting of sand and gravel, has not been completed.

Therefore, if planned self-laying pipes for the drainage system, you should make sure that the materials are chosen correctly, the technology is strictly observed.

Maintenance of the drainage system

It is not enough to properly lay the drainage channel with your own hands, it is also necessary to ensure its maintenance. Approximately four times a year, it is recommended to carry out preventive inspections of the condition of wells and pipes, to measure water, which can immediately indicate a decrease in throughput (if the level drops below the required one). The reasons for this decline are as follows:

pipe damage;
the occurrence of blockages;
blockages and silting of pipes for drainage;
the occurrence of sedimentation of the pipeline.

To prevent this from happening, you need to properly care for the system. This is not only cleaning pipelines, but also regular inspections. The efficiency of drainage is also affected by the correct installation, which can increase or reduce the service life.

Lay the drainage system on your own personal plot you can do it yourself, but for this you must follow all the rules for installation. This concerns the choice of the type of the system itself, the location of pipes on the site, the choice of drainage pipes. Only in this case, do-it-yourself installation will be of high quality and reliable. It is also important to maintain drainage, regular preventive inspections and pipe cleaning, which allows you to increase the service life several times.

Drainage systems: from pipe selection to installation

When arranging a summer cottage, many do not think about the drainage system, which often leads to flooding, negative influence dampness on all buildings. Of course, if your site is flat, and the soils are permeable and fertile, then drainage may not be necessary, but such ideal conditions are extremely rare.

Diagram of the drainage system.

When installing a drainage, drainage system, it is necessary to solve a number of issues, among which are: which pipes are better to choose, what type of drainage will be (open or closed), how to independently lay the entire system. The task of installing drainage for a summer residence is a priority in such cases:

if the soil is clayey;
when the cottage is located in a lowland, on slopes, near the slopes of a hill;
in the presence of a high level of precipitation;
at the occurrence of soil water at a small level from the surface.

Benefits of using plastic pipes

Dacha is the place where we spend most of our time in summer. The participation of a caring, skillful hand is simply necessary here! Today, summer houses and cottages are being set up, lush gardens and extensive vegetable gardens are planted, but in order to ensure the safety of buildings and the excellent condition of greenery, it is necessary to carry out a drainage system.

Types of plastic pipes for drainage.

Plastic pipes are used as the main materials for drainage systems, which provide fast, efficient removal of groundwater and precipitation, excess moisture from the house and garden, they are easy to maintain, they do not need to be cleaned or changed often. You can equip drainage systems with your own hands, they have the following advantages:

long service life;
lack of severe blockages;
quick and easy maintenance, self-cleaning capability;
ease of installation with your own hands;
relatively low price.

Today, for laying drainage systems with their own hands, pipes such as:

PVC drainage with perforation;
polypropylene drainage with special filter materials;
polyethylene low and high pressure- are considered the best option for laying drainage in summer cottages, as they are distinguished by low price and high quality.

Installation of pipes on the site

Do-it-yourself pipe laying for drainage can be carried out in two ways, including ring, regular, head and coastal. This is the so-called deep drainage, which is such a system:

a trench with a depth determined depending on factors such as soil type, groundwater location, type of precipitation in the region;
sand and gravel cushion;
special perforated pipes that are easily connected to each other with their own hands using fittings and couplings;
layer of filter geotextile.

Such a system, which is well suited for a summer cottage, is considered quite difficult to install, but it allows you to completely protect buildings from excess moisture. Before planning work, it is necessary to conduct geological surveys.

Scheme of reinforcement of drainage pipes.

Properly equipped drainage is sometimes a real salvation for the land. What system options are available?

The choice of drainage pipes is a rather responsible matter, which will affect the quality of the system. All pipes (it is best to take plastic ones) should be distinguished by durability, strength, acceptable cost, simple installation. The service life of plastic pipes is usually at least fifty years. If you take cheaper ones, then such a system will have to be changed soon.

The choice of drainage pipes is carried out depending on the type of soil, which is divided into four types: sandy, loam, clay, crushed stone. For crushed stone soils, pipes made of plastic with perforation, but without filter material, are excellent. For sandy soils, a pipe is selected that is protected from sand entering the system and with a geotextile filter. Installation of a drainage system can take a different amount of time, it all depends on the amount of work. For clay soil, pipes with a filter made of coconut fiber are suitable, for loam - with geotextiles, which act as a filter material.

When determining which pipes are better, pay attention to the material of their manufacture, most often it is plastic, which has many advantages. Great importance it also has a type of filter material, which allows you to protect the pipes for drainage from blockages, ingress of soil particles, sand.

Open and closed drainage

Installation of drainage in the country can be carried out by two methods: deep (closed) and surface (open). These types of drainage systems are quite different from each other:

deep systems are necessary with a high occurrence of soil water, they serve to protect the house, basement, basements, gardens;
installation of a surface system serves to drain water that has fallen in the form of precipitation, often open drainage systems are combined with storm sewers.

An example of an open pipe drainage system. An open system is used to collect water from the surface of the site and drain water flowing from the roofs on the site.

To determine exactly which type of system is required for the site, soil geology should be performed. Such services are now provided by many specialized companies.

Drainage systems for a summer cottage can be installed with your own hands, for this you need to perform the following work:

a detailed diagram of the passage of drainage pipes is drawn up, after which material calculations are performed;
when laying the drainage system, one should not forget about the presence of revision wells that will allow servicing the entire system;
when laying, do not forget that the drainage pipes should go with a slope ranging from two to ten millimeters for each m of pipe.

For work, in addition to drainage pipes, the following materials and tools will be needed:

digging shovel;
hacksaw or special scissors for cutting pipes;
directly drainage pipes, fittings and couplings for their connection;
river sand, gravel with a fraction of 20-40 mm;
geotextile.

Closed drainage

Installation of closed drainage is considered the most difficult, since pipes and all other elements of the system must be buried in the ground. The work process is as follows:

Diagram of a closed drainage system.

a trench of the required depth is dug;
sand is poured at the bottom with a layer 7-10 cm high, which must be carefully compacted;
geotextile is laid in a continuous layer on the sand, its edges should slightly rise to the sides of the trench;
then comes a layer of gravel, which should be 20 cm (limestone crushed stone is not allowed!);
drainage pipes are laid with holes down, interconnected;
a layer of gravel is poured on top, the edges of the geotextile are wrapped - such a system allows water to penetrate into the pipes without retaining soil particles;
a collector well is arranged, which should be at the lowest point of the dacha site.

Closed drainage is divided into the following types:

regular (systematic) horizontal drainage;
ring drainage for flood protection;
head drainage;
coastal drainage.

Installation of surface drainage is much simpler, it is mainly designed to effectively drain rain and melt water. Do-it-yourself construction steps for such a system include:

a drainage scheme is marked on the site, after which trenches are dug 70 cm deep and 50 cm wide;
when arranging ditches, one should not forget about the slope of the system to the main collector, where all the water will be collected (in the future it can be used to water the garden);
the walls of the ditch should be made beveled, not straight.

When constructing such a system, drainage pipes are not used; special trays made of concrete, plastic, concrete-polymer are used, on top of which there are convenient gratings. Trays are mounted in a ditch on a layer of sand, grates are attached on top to collect debris and foliage.

Installing drainage for a summer cottage is a responsible matter that must be started with planning, choosing the type of system, determining which pipes are best in a particular case. Often you can not do without a specialist who will tell you what type of drainage is needed, to what depth the pipes will lie. We wish you good luck and excellent drainage system!

Laying a drainage pipe: step by step instructions | Construction portal

The most effective way to protect the foundation of a private house from the destructive effects of groundwater and storm water is a high-quality drainage system. What is especially important when water accumulates in the upper layers of the soil, as it can provoke flooding of the basement or basement, moistening and deformation of the walls, as well as the occurrence of fungal formations. The article will discuss how to lay drainage pipes.

Pipes for the drainage system, which are installed around the entire perimeter of the site, allow you to create a high-quality drainage system. After all, the danger of flooding is not only groundwater, but also floodwaters. Damage can also be caused by precipitation that exceeds permissible limits.

Drainage pipe photo

Unlike foundation waterproofing, the drainage system can be laid even after the construction of the house, if there are grounds for this. But under certain conditions, it is better to install on initial stage construction. This requires the following reasons:

the gently sloping location of the site, contributing to a significant accumulation of water;
clay and loamy soil, which have poor culvert characteristics;
statistics of exceeding the level of precipitation characteristic of the area in which the building is located;
elevated groundwater level (less than 1.5 meters to the ground surface).

In addition, it is worth focusing on the depth of construction of the remaining buildings on the site. The presence of a deep foundation next to the main building not only prevents the natural outflow of groundwater, but also contributes to its accumulation, thereby increasing the risk of flooding. The barrier for free circulation of water are also equipped on the site concrete blind areas and asphalt pavement. In such a case, it is considered competent to connect storm drains to the main drainage system.

To prevent the consequences of changes in the level of groundwater and the accumulation of moisture in the soil around the building, laying a drainage pipe will allow.

Types of drainage systems

There are two main options for designing a drainage system:

Open (surface) - used to remove excess moisture that has arisen due to the accumulation of precipitation or melt water. The open drainage system is presented in the form of ditches and trenches.
Closed (deep) - perforated pipes are used in laying, which are laid to a certain depth in a previously prepared trench. The main function is to drain groundwater and protect the foundation of the house.

Materials required for laying a closed drainage system

The process of installing a drainage system is quite laborious and requires thorough preparation. From bulk building materials you will need:

Sand. In drainage works, river sand is mainly used. Its main function is to create a filtration cushion around the drainage pipe.
Rubble. To equip the system, you will need a medium and large fraction. The purpose of crushed stone is to form a stable layer to prevent the penetration of dirt and large parts of the soil. In addition, crushed stone prevents excessive soil pressure on the corrugated pipe.

Main materials:

drainage pumps. They are used only in case of significant flooding of the site with groundwater. Contribute to mechanical drainage;
drainage pipes. With their help, the main drainage system is formed. The number and diameter depends on the complexity of the bookmark scheme. Most often, plastic pipes are used for drainage;
geotextile - protects the drainage pipe from soil contamination. As a rule, interlining or dornite is used. In addition to strength, both types of textiles have a filtering ability;
couplings - necessary for attaching drainage pipes to each other.

As a rule, the drainage system needs periodic cleaning; for this, manholes are installed along its perimeter. And to collect water in the system, a collector well is mounted.

Selection of drainage pipes

Before starting the installation of the drainage system, special attention should be paid to the choice of pipes for work. The first thing to consider is the use of perforated pipes in the arrangement of the drainage system. The second is the diameter and the presence of holes for the outflow of moisture and air exchange. And no less important point is the material from which the pipes are made.

Currently, the following types of pipes are presented on the building materials market:

asbestos-cement;
ceramic;
from polymeric materials.

The most popular in the arrangement of the drainage system are polymer drainage pipes. Their advantage over other species is as follows.

Long service life - up to 70 years.
High levels of strength.
Resistance to corrosion processes and exposure to aggressive environments.
Reduced weight indicators that simplify the process of transportation and installation.
Self-cleaning ability due to smooth surface.
Silt resistance.
Value for money.
Ease of maintenance. Thanks to the geotextile filter, the system does not need to be flushed.

Drain pipe diameter:

up to 150 mm - for a drainage system that does not drain a large number of water;
up to 300 mm - for systems with a high load.

For an extensive drainage system, you will need pipes of both small (for branches) and large diameter (for the main branch of the system).

Plastic drainage pipes

Polymer pipes, which are usually used for laying drainage systems, are made of PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene and are represented by the following types:

single layer or double layer. The choice of the number of layers depends on the density of the soil;
flexible and rigid. Rigid pipes are applicable for simple circuits drainage, while flexible ones allow you to create complex branching throughout the site;
pipes with or without filter jacket. As a rule, drainage pipes already have holes along their entire length. But if there are no special holes in the purchased material, you can make them yourself with a drill and a thin drill;
corrugated or smooth.

As for geofabric coverage, as a rule, samples already covered with filter textiles are presented on the building materials market. When buying uncoated pipes, you can wrap their surface yourself by securing the material with a rope or thin wire around the perimeter of the pipe.

Drainage pipe laying design

Before starting work on the installation of a drainage system, it is worthwhile to first draw up a plan for its location on the site.

This requires taking into account the type of soil and the height of groundwater. The branched scheme is most often used, at the junctions of which manholes are installed.
The distance between the branches directly depends on the type of soil. For clay soil, it is 10 meters, for loamy soil - 20 meters, with sandy soil type - 45 meters.

Laying drainage pipes with your own hands

First you need to determine the location of the drainage system. There are only two accommodation options:

"wall" drainage - passes only near the foundation of the house and prevents moisture from entering directly into the building itself;

a drainage system located around the entire perimeter of the site protects not only the basement of the building, but also other outbuildings and plantings located on the territory.

Stages of work

The first step is to mark the site for the placement of drainage ditches. To facilitate the process, you can use a special laser rangefinder. Particular attention should be paid to places where moisture accumulates after rain - this means that water exchange is difficult in this area due to the density of the soil or the presence of obstacles.
Trench. The recess under the drainage trench must be carried out taking into account the height differences. The main task of the prepared ditch system is the rapid and unhindered outflow of water.

Tip: during work, you can use a watering hose by running a certain amount of water - make sure that water does not accumulate in certain parts of the trench.

Before installing drainage pipes, the bottom of the trench must be carefully tamped. Then any filter material is laid, while its ends should extend beyond the trench. Next, river sand and crushed stone are poured, first large, then medium fraction, to a thickness of no more than 20 cm.
Drainage pipes are cut according to the dimensions of the scheme, using a jigsaw or special device- pipe cutter. Next, start laying pipes, connecting the joints with fittings. In order for the junction to be strong, it is necessary to dock the parts after preheating the docking sections.
Pipes must be carefully wrapped with geotextile, securing the joints with a rope or thin wire. The choice of such a material is not accidental, since it must pass the water coming out of the perforation. In addition to the throughput, the function of geotextiles is to protect the perforations of the pipe from clogging.

Pipe laying must be done at a slope, connecting the ends to manholes. Two types of wells can be used in the system: sealed, allowing the use of collected water for technical purposes, and absorbing - the water will go back into the soil. The slope of the drainage pipes depends on its diameter, the larger it is, the less slope is required.
The next step in the installation of drainage pipes will be filling the surface with crushed stone and sand. After that, the structure is wrapped with sheets of filter material located on the surface and covered with a layer of soil.

Drainage pipes video

Maintenance of the drainage system

In arranging the site with a drainage system, not only its thoughtful and high-quality installation is important, but also compliance with the operating rules. This will extend the life of the system for as long as possible.

Approximately once every four years, it is mandatory to inspect the condition of pipes and wells, as a preventive measure. In addition, once every two years it is worth measuring the water level in the wells, its significant change may indicate the following factors:

damage to the integrity of the pipe;
the formation of a dense blockage;
the growth of silt deposits on the entire surface of the pipe;
partial settlement of the pipeline due to soil movement.

In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to timely inspect the drainage system and clean it from various kinds of pollution.

Errors in the laying of the drainage pipe

The effectiveness of drainage directly depends on the quality of the installation. Any violations during operation contribute to the disabling of the system. In the best case, you can repair the damaged area, in the worst case, you will have to completely reinstall the drainage system.

The most common mistakes include:

selection of the pipeline system without taking into account the quality of the soil. For example: on loamy soil it is not recommended to use pipes without a filtration system;
violations associated with a change or absence of the angle of inclination of the drainage system;
initially, the option of draining water from the well was not provided;
the technology for arranging drainage pipes is not observed - the installation was made without filtering dumping of crushed stone and sand;
lack of geotextiles and filter material;
poor-quality soldering of pipes;
no perforation.

Choosing the type of drainage system, it is necessary to be based on the location of the site and the quality of the soil. For self-arrangement of drainage, it is necessary to plan in advance the layout of the drainage. When choosing materials, preference should be given to the most practical and durable. These include plastic corrugated pipes with perforation. Observing all the stages of laying the drainage system, you can get a high-quality drainage system. In addition, drainage guarantees the protection of the basement or basement of the house from the harmful effects of groundwater.

When choosing drainage pipes for arranging domestic or industrial drainage systems, it is important to choose the right diameter. Manufacturers produce pipes of different sections. Conventionally, these products can be divided into two categories: with a diameter of up to 110 mm and over 160 mm. Pipes of the first category are traditionally used for arranging domestic drainage systems ( country cottages, private houses, country houses). The second category includes industrial systems. With the help of such pipes, excess water is removed from large lands and villages.

How does the diameter of the pipe depend on the operating conditions of the drainage system

If it is required to strengthen the drainage of surface and groundwater from a large and even land, products with a cross section of 50 mm can be used. They are mounted in the drainage system as an end pipe and side outlets.

Pipes with a diameter of 110 mm are very popular when arranging drainage of a personal plot. The cross section allows them to be used for the removal of melt and surface water in systems of any type (open or closed). In addition, such products are easily connected to other elements of water disposal, which allows you to significantly increase the throughput of the system.

For arranging the drainage of large lands, you can use pipe rolling with a diameter of 160 mm or more. The only condition is to place drainage wells at a short distance. It is better to install pipes at a depth of at least 50 cm, and to equip a concrete jacket to protect against external influences. So, products with a cross section of 200 mm should have concrete protection with a wall thickness of at least 100 mm.

When choosing a pipe diameter, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the site: the type of soil, the depth of groundwater, and some other factors. You can buy high-quality pipes for arranging drainage at the Moscow FDplast plant. Our company is engaged in wholesales of pipes at the best prices in the region.

The increased humidity of the site is always a source big problems for the owners. Wet soil destroys plants - due to insufficient oxygen supply, roots rot and almost the entire crop is destroyed. Not the best way to feel and buildings. The foundations become damp, water appears in the basements in the spring, the walls are covered with a network of cracks and colonies of fungus.

Excess moisture can be easily removed using special engineering structures known as. The owners should pay attention to the arrangement of the drainage system in the first place immediately after the acquisition of the site. And preferably before carrying out large-scale construction work, if any are planned.

How and why drainage works

An artificially constructed watercourse is a system of underground pipelines and surface channels for collecting water. Moisture enters special containers, and then is removed outside the site.

Drainage can be made both in natural reservoirs, and city collectors.

It is possible to determine whether a site needs drainage by indirect signs. The high moisture content of the soil is evidenced by:

the presence of moisture-loving plants (for example, nettles);
flooding of cellars and cellars;
long drying of the site after rain (large puddles remain, from which water does not drain well).

But even in the absence of such warning signs, buildings are not immune to water damage. For example, during heavy rains or during active snowmelt. For this reason, experts recommend in any case to install and equip storm drains.

The main advantage of this type of drainage systems is the exclusion of expensive treatment facilities and other technical units. The complete system consists of:

from drainage pipes;
storm drains (gutters and storm water inlets);
sand traps - special mechanical filters at the inlet to the system collector;
common drainage wells;
a collector with a check valve (from here the water is discharged into the ground or a reservoir).

How to choose pipes

The main element of the system is the pipeline. For this reason, special attention is paid to the choice of pipes or drains, as they are more commonly called. Experts recommend paying attention to the following technical specifications.

Material

Manufacturers offer products made of asbestos cement, polyethylene (with perforation) and polyvinyl chloride (perforation can be done by hand). Asbestos cement is the most cheap material. However, there are serious doubts about its environmental safety. Therefore, an increasing number of buyers opt for products made of durable plastic.

Ready-made perforated drains are sold in a geotextile wrapper. Cheaper PVC pipes require additional processing - cuts are made in a checkerboard pattern up to 5 mm wide. Processing is carried out on both sides. The distance between the cuts is 50 centimeters. Additionally, you will need to purchase geofabric to wrap the pipe before laying it in the ground. The fabric serves as a filter and prevents liquid dirt from clogging the perforated pipes.

Diameter

The diameter is selected depending on the amount of groundwater and precipitation.

Usually the diameter is from 5 to 8 centimeters.

Soil type

Soil type is one of the most important parameters when choosing pipes:

In soils with a high content of crushed stone, perforated products are laid, but without a geotextile filter.
Sandstones use geotextile-wrapped pipes with perforations. Additionally, it is recommended to make a sprinkling of crushed stone to prevent deformation of the pipeline.
In mounted perforated products with a filter made of coconut fiber. More cheap option– use of geotextile. Be sure to make a backfill of crushed stone, covering the pipeline by 15-20 centimeters.
For loam, perforated pipes wrapped with geotextile are used.

In any soil, you can also use ordinary PVC pipes with homemade perforations and geotextile winding. This will greatly reduce the cost of the drainage system.

Tools and materials

For work you will need:

shovel and bayonet shovel;
garden wheelbarrow for soil;
manual roller for compacting sand and gravel;
mounting knife for cutting pipes;
drill or grinder, if you want to make notches (perforation);
scissors for geotextile.

You should also prepare building materials:

pipes;
adapters for manholes and collector;
fittings for pipe installation;
plastic pipes with a diameter of 30 to 50 cm for arranging inspection and drainage wells (you can also
purchase ready-made wells with a hatch or plastic tanks);
geofabric in rolls;
crushed stone or gravel, sand.

Work order

Drains are laid in the following order:

trenches are dug along the marking line, their depth should be below the freezing point of the soil;
a plan is drawn up and marking is carried out on the ground;
a layer of sand up to 10 centimeters thick is poured onto the bottom and carefully compacted with a skating rink;
crushed stone or gravel is laid on top (layer thickness 20 cm);
pipes are laid on the prepared pillow;
the system is mounted using couplings, and then the angle of inclination of the pipes towards the water collectors is checked;
at the joints and turns of the pipes, manholes are equipped (a piece of plastic pipe is cut off, a protective cover is mounted);
backfilling is performed - a layer of crushed stone, sand, soil is laid out sequentially;
on top you can lay turf or sow herbaceous plants;
at the end of the outlet pipe after the collector, a check valve is mounted or a well is arranged to collect water (a sealed plastic tank is used).

Highlights when laying

The drainage system must comply technical requirements. Self-activity in this matter is not welcome. For this reason, owners should pay attention to some important points:

To carry out the work, it will be necessary to create a vertical plan of the site, taking into account the occurrence of groundwater in a particular area. Specialists will help to compile it for a fee.
The exact depth of the pipeline, its diameter and type are calculated. At this stage, you will also need the help of specialists.
When digging a trench, make sure that its size is approximately 40 centimeters larger than the diameter of the pipes used. The slope of the trench is from three degrees (from 0.5 to 1 meter slope).
Manholes are located no closer than fifty meters from each other.
Installing a check valve or arranging a water collector is a prerequisite for the proper functioning of the entire system.

Common Mistakes

The most common mistakes in the arrangement of the drainage system are as follows:

shallow depth of trenches (decrease in system efficiency and increased risk of drains freezing in winter period);
the use of pipes of the wrong type and diameter (leads to a quick failure of the system);
lack of an angle of inclination or a small angle (the operation of the system is paralyzed at maximum load).

Installation of a drainage system is a job that the owners of the house can do. However, it is better to entrust the preparation of a plan and carrying out all the necessary calculations to specialists.

Also, special attention is paid to compliance with all technical standards. The selection of pipes, the depth and angle of their laying are important points installation work.

Maintenance

Even a properly installed and well-functioning drainage system requires regular maintenance. Maintenance. Inspections of drainage and manholes are carried out once or twice a year. The owners should be alerted by the low water level, which may indicate:

Drainage will protect the underground part of the house from inevitable destruction, protect plant roots from rotting, and get rid of stagnant puddles. Numerous advantages are somewhat leveled by the price, the size of which is justified by carrying out a large amount of work. However, they can be completely or partially done by hand, agree?

We will tell you how to lay a drainage pipe with your own hands, what system components still need to be installed. For those wishing to independently make drainage, we offer reliable information about the principles and rules of its construction. The information provided to you is based on regulatory requirements.

The article describes in detail the varieties of the drainage system. The organization technology is described, recommendations are given on the choice of pipes and related materials to ensure the removal of groundwater. A selection of photo and video guides are attached to help interested visitors.

Drainage is an expensive system, even if you do not have to pay for the services of specialists and the owner of the site is ready to do all the work on his own. Therefore, you should figure out how much it is generally needed.

The need for a system device cannot be determined “by eye”, because groundwater can lie close to the surface, which becomes a real problem only during floods or heavy rains.

Image gallery

Many areas are located in the lowlands. Waterlogged soil causes root rot, which creates many difficulties in caring for the garden and garden. Plants are often affected fungal diseases, "eats" the mold. Some crops do not take root in wet soil, and the crop rots in the bud.

Dense clay soil rocks do not absorb water well. This leads to frequent flooding of the underground parts of buildings. Due to the high degree of mineralization, flood and atmospheric waters adversely affect buildings: they destroy building materials and provoke corrosion.

Even high-quality waterproofing is not able to 100% prevent basement flooding, erosion of foundations and plinths. As a result, buildings serve much less than they could.

Open drainage systems are designed to collect and drain rain, flood and melt water, closed drainage systems are designed to protect underground structures from groundwater.

You can determine whether drainage is needed on the site by several signs:

terrain. Sites located in lowlands and on steep slopes need a drainage system. Otherwise, fertile soils can be eroded or flooded during rains and floods.
Puddles. The flat terrain is convenient for construction, but puddles can appear and remain for a long time. This is a clear sign that water is poorly absorbed into the soil. A drainage system should be installed throughout the site.
Plant root rot. If in gardens, flower beds and lawns remains excess fluid, plants rot and get sick.
Moisture-loving plants. If one or more types of moisture-loving plants grow on the site, this clearly indicates waterlogging of the soil.
Flooding of basements and cellars. An obvious "symptom" of the need for drainage is the flooding of foundations and underground building structures.
Hydrogeological research and observations. If experts have determined that the site has a high GWL, or similar conclusions can be reached during excavation, care should be taken to drain the soil.

In the first case, the system is designed to drain groundwater if it floods the site. In the second, drainage provides a decrease in soil moisture during the flood and rainy season.

Both types of systems can be developed and installed in-house.

When buying a plot, owners often have no idea about the hydrogeological features of the area. If the soil is too wet and there are prolonged stagnation of water on the surface, you should pick up correct scheme drainage (+)

Depending on whether it is necessary to collect moisture from the entire site or only from certain zones, in addition to drainage, storm water is equipped sewer systems with linear and point water inlets.

Systems of the first type require careful design; when arranging them, it is necessary to strictly observe the laying technology and.

In linear versions, there is a need if you need to drain the areas around buildings, paths, entrances, ennoble adjoining territory or remove excess moisture from the garden.

Such drainages are shallow ditches where water flows, and then moves to special receiving tanks, storm sewer or to a discharge point off site.

The choice and features of the installation of elements of drainage systems depend on the expected load on the system: the density of the soil, the amount of water that enters the drains. If the load is too high, it is worth choosing designs from the most durable materials.

Point collectors must also be accurately calculated and designed in advance. They serve to locally collect water, but are connected to a similar linear system of ditches or pipes.

Through the indicated drainage channels, the collected water is discharged in the same way into the collector well and further into the gutter or pond. Therefore, work on the installation of systems with point water inlets is not much different from systems with linear options.

Open systems are very easy to implement and cheap, but they spoil the landscape with unaesthetic appearance. Another disadvantage is that the walls of the ditches have to be constantly corrected, because. they crumble under the influence of moisture, and the system ceases to perform its functions (water stagnates at the bottom of the trenches and does not move to the place of discharge).

When planning drainage, you should decide on the type of system. You need to consider whether it will be open or closed. In the first case, ditches with oblique walls are dug for the convenience of water flow. The width of such a trench is usually 0.5 m, and they dig it to a depth of 0.7 m (+)

To solve the problem of shedding the walls of the ditches, you can use the method of backfilling with crushed stone: a large fraction material is laid on the bottom, and a fine fraction on top, after which the entire drainage cushion is covered with turf.

This option allows you not to trim or strengthen the walls of the trenches, but it is suitable for areas with relatively low humidity, because. the carrying capacity of the ditch is greatly reduced.

The use of polymer and concrete trays in the construction of open drainage greatly facilitates and speeds up the work. In order to improve the landscape and protect systems from clogging, such open systems covered with iron bars.

Flooding of the site is a problem that many owners of private households often face. Excessive moisture adversely affects not only the state of green spaces, but also reduces the life of buildings. The situation can be corrected only by constructing a drainage system. Its functioning directly depends on the correct calculation of the drainage depth and compliance with the installation technology. What system options can be used when arranging the site, and what depth of drainage should be, we will consider in more detail.

Surface drainage - involves laying the pipeline around the perimeter of the building and backfilling the sinuses of dug ditches with drainage material (brick, stones, branches).
Deep drainage - is a closed system of a pipeline laid underground, with the help of which it is convenient to drain the space around an already erected building.

Surface drainage is designed to collect melt and rainwater

The technology for calculating the depth of surface drainage does not require the collection of data on the soil composition of the area. Gutters are simply placed throughout the site in places where it is necessary to collect wastewater from hard surfaces: roofs of houses, paved areas, garden paths.

The main function of deep drainage is to remove not only melt water from the territory, but also groundwater lying at a depth

The calculation of this type of structure, designed to intercept groundwater, preventing it from seeping into the basements of buildings, is much more difficult.

Drainage depth calculation

One of the mandatory stages in the arrangement of the drainage system is the preparation of a project. A well-executed project will not only ensure the efficiency and reliability of the drainage system, but also prevent unnecessary costs during its installation.

When developing a project and determining the depth of the drainage, two parameters are taken as a basis: the depth of the foundation and the level of soil freezing.

According to the level of soil freezing

The first thing that is guided by when determining the depth of laying drainage is the depth of soil freezing. It is clear to any owner, even far from construction, that if the drainage freezes in winter, it simply will not be able to divert meltwater from the building during spring floods. Clogged with ice pipes will thaw for a long time, thereby reducing the functionality of the structure to zero.

Important! To ensure maximum system performance in conditions of high rainfall, pipes should be located below the freezing level of the soil.

The groundwater level is determined by the horizon of the aquifer

In regions located in the middle latitude, groundwater occurs at a depth of 2-2.5 meters. But in areas located in close proximity to natural reservoirs, groundwater can come to the surface.

The calculation is performed according to the following principle:

Determine the horizon of soil freezing in a particular climatic zone.
When laying pipes with a diameter of up to 500 mm, 300 mm are subtracted from the level of soil freezing. If large pipes are used, the diameter of which exceeds 500 mm, then 500 mm is subtracted from the value obtained.

For example: with a soil freezing horizon of 1.5 meters, it will be necessary to lay a drainage pipe with a diameter of 200 mm at a depth of: 1500 - 300 \u003d 1200 mm \u003d 1.2 meters.

A summary table will help determine the level of soil freezing

You can find out the level of soil freezing in a particular area by experience or by requesting information from a construction organization.

Attention! When calculating the depth of drainage, one should also focus on the amount of precipitation in winter, since a large layer of snow can provide good thermal insulation to the upper layers of the soil.

According to the depth of the foundation

If we focus on the depth of the foundations of buildings, then the calculation is performed according to this principle:

Determine the depth of the foundation of the building.
Another half meter is added to the obtained value.

So, for example, the depth of the drainage around the house with a foundation of one and a half meters will be 2 meters. This depth is sufficient to intercept groundwater during spring floods.

Important! The value of the heat transfer of the building in the calculation is taken into account only if the house is heated in the winter.

A seemingly simple method allows you to build a system that will easily remove moisture from the soil before it reaches the level of the basement and begins to undermine the foundation.

The optimal drainage depth for most regions of our country is 1.3-1.4 meters

To obtain the most accurate parameters that determine at what depth to dig drainage around the house, experts recommend combining both methods. And then, based on two calculations, focus on the highest value during installation work.

In any case, when calculating, a small margin should be taken in case of fluctuations in the groundwater horizon. After all, if in summer period the groundwater level is low, then in the off-season it rises, putting heavy loads on the drainage system.

Calculation of the required drainage slope

The key to the smooth functioning of the system is also the observance of the slope of the pipelines. To do this, determine the direction of the flow of precipitation or use a map of elevations of the area.

Drainage is a non-pressure system, for the smooth functioning of which it is important to give the pipeline a certain slope

The slope of the surface drainage pipes is calculated using the same technology as when laying sewer pipes. The main assistant in this survey is SNiP.

To obtain accurate values of the slope of the drainage main, the calculation is performed in the following sequence:

In the corner of the building, the upper drainage point is determined. From it measure the length of the trenches laid along the perimeter of the house.
Summing up the lengths of all trenches, a number is added to the resulting figure, corresponding to the distance from the lower point of the drain of the building to the location of the catchment well.
To calculate the difference between the upper and lower points of the system, 1% of the distance obtained is taken as a basis. For example, for a piping system with a length of 28 meters, this value will be 28 cm.

Measures to prevent underflooding of buildings

Protection of basements and foundations of buildings from flooding is a priority task that must be addressed even at the stage of their construction. To do this, perform a whole range of activities:

Along the perimeter of the building, maintaining a distance to the walls of 2-3 meters, they dig a trench with a depth calculated on the basis of the methods described above, and a width of half a meter. The end of the trench, which has the lowest mark, should be brought to the pit under the drainage well.
At the lowest point of the site, they dig a pit for a drainage well. The place for its arrangement is chosen taking into account the convenient drainage of water or the possibility of pumping out the contents with a drainage pump.
The bottom of the trench is leveled in such a way that a slope of 2-3 cm is observed for each linear meter of the pipeline being laid. The bottom is covered with crushed stone filling, forming a layer 30-40 cm high.
Pipes are laid out on the “cushion” of crushed stone, controlling the slope angle with a construction level.
The bottom of the excavated pit is leveled, covered with sand or gravel filling. A drainage well is installed on a leveled base.
In the walls of the well, at the points where the drainage pipes are connected, holes of the appropriate diameter are made. Having joined the pipes with the opening of the drainage well, the mating elements are sealed by treating them with special bituminous compounds or silicone mixtures.

Tip: the required volume of crushed stone is determined by the formula: V \u003d L x Y x W. Where "L" is the length of the ditch, "H" is the thickness of the backfill, "W" is the width of the trench.

Video: the subtleties of installing a drainage system

Calculation of the drainage depth is a crucial stage of work. By correctly calculating the depth of drainage and the angle of inclination of the trenches, you will minimize the likelihood of a system failure ahead of time.

Drainage pipe photo

Unlike foundation waterproofing, the drainage system can be laid even after the construction of the house, if there are grounds for this. But under certain conditions, it is better to install at the initial stage of construction. This requires the following reasons:

the gently sloping location of the site, contributing to a significant accumulation of water;
clay and loamy soil, which have poor culvert characteristics;
statistics of exceeding the level of precipitation characteristic of the area in which the building is located;
elevated groundwater level (less than 1.5 meters to the ground surface).

In addition, it is worth focusing on the depth of construction of the remaining buildings on the site. The presence of a deep foundation next to the main building not only prevents the natural outflow of groundwater, but also contributes to its accumulation, thereby increasing the risk of flooding. A barrier to the free circulation of water are also concrete blind areas and asphalt pavement equipped on the site. In such a case, it is considered competent to connect storm drains to the main drainage system.

To prevent the consequences of changes in the level of groundwater and the accumulation of moisture in the soil around the building, laying a drainage pipe will allow.

Types of drainage systems

There are two main options for designing a drainage system:

Open (surface)- used to remove excess moisture that has arisen due to the accumulation of precipitation or melt water. The open drainage system is presented in the form of ditches and trenches.
Closed (deep)- perforated pipes are used in laying, which are laid to a certain depth in a previously prepared trench. The main function is to drain groundwater and protect the foundation of the house.

Materials required for laying a closed drainage system

The process of installing a drainage system is quite laborious and requires thorough preparation. From bulk building materials you will need:

Sand. In drainage works, river sand is mainly used. Its main function is to create a filtration cushion around the drainage pipe.
rubble. To equip the system, you will need a medium and large fraction. The purpose of crushed stone is to form a stable layer to prevent the penetration of dirt and large parts of the soil. In addition, crushed stone prevents excessive soil pressure on the corrugated pipe.

Main materials:

drainage pumps. They are used only in case of significant flooding of the site with groundwater. Contribute to mechanical drainage;
drainage pipes. With their help, the main drainage system is formed. The number and diameter depends on the complexity of the bookmark scheme. Most often, plastic pipes are used for drainage;
geotextile- protects the drainage pipe from soil contamination. As a rule, interlining or dornite is used. In addition to strength, both types of textiles have a filtering ability;
couplers- necessary for attaching drainage pipes to each other.

As a rule, the drainage system needs periodic cleaning; for this, manholes are installed along its perimeter. And to collect water in the system, a collector well is mounted.

Selection of drainage pipes

Currently, the following types of pipes are presented on the building materials market:

asbestos-cement;
ceramic;
from polymeric materials.

The most popular in the arrangement of the drainage system are polymer drainage pipes. Their advantage over other species is as follows.

Long service life - up to 70 years.
High levels of strength.
Resistance to corrosion processes and exposure to aggressive environments.
Reduced weight indicators that simplify the process of transportation and installation.
Self-cleaning ability due to smooth surface.
Silt resistance.
Value for money.
Ease of maintenance. Thanks to the geotextile filter, the system does not need to be flushed.

Drain pipe diameter:

up to 150 mm - for a drainage system that drains a small amount of water;
up to 300 mm - for systems with a high load.

For an extensive drainage system, you will need pipes of both small (for branches) and large diameter (for the main branch of the system).

Plastic drainage pipes

Polymer pipes, which are usually used for laying drainage systems, are made of PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene and are represented by the following types:

single layer or double layer. The choice of the number of layers depends on the density of the soil;
flexible and rigid. Rigid pipes are applicable for simple drainage schemes, while flexible pipes allow you to create complex branching throughout the site;
pipes with or without filter jacket. As a rule, drainage pipes already have holes along their entire length. But if there are no special holes in the purchased material, they can be made independently using a drill and a thin drill;
corrugated or smooth.

Drainage pipe laying design

Before starting work on the installation of a drainage system, it is worthwhile to first draw up a plan for its location on the site.

This requires taking into account the type of soil and the height of groundwater. The branched scheme is most often used, at the junctions of which manholes are installed.
The distance between the branches directly depends on the type of soil. For clay soil, it is 10 meters, for loamy soil - 20 meters, with sandy soil type - 45 meters.

Laying drainage pipes with your own hands

First you need to determine the location of the drainage system. There are only two accommodation options:

"wall" drainage - passes only near the foundation of the house and prevents moisture from entering directly into the building itself;

the drainage system, located around the entire perimeter of the site, protects not only the basement of the building, but also other outbuildings and plantings located on the territory.

Stages of work

The first step is to mark the site for the placement of drainage ditches. To facilitate the process, you can use a special laser rangefinder. Particular attention should be paid to places where moisture accumulates after rain - this means that water exchange is difficult in this area due to the density of the soil or the presence of obstacles.
Trench. The recess under the drainage trench must be carried out taking into account the height differences. The main task of the prepared ditch system is the rapid and unhindered outflow of water.

Tip: during work, you can use a watering hose by running a certain amount of water - make sure that water does not accumulate in certain parts of the trench.

Before installing drainage pipes, the bottom of the trench must be carefully tamped. Then any filter material is laid, while its ends should extend beyond the trench. Next, river sand and crushed stone are poured, first large, then medium fraction, to a thickness of no more than 20 cm.
Drainage pipes are cut according to the dimensions of the scheme, using a jigsaw or a special device - a pipe cutter. Next, start laying pipes, connecting the joints with fittings. In order for the junction to be strong, it is necessary to dock the parts after preheating the docking sections.
Pipes must be carefully wrapped with geotextile, securing the joints with a rope or thin wire. The choice of such a material is not accidental, since it must pass the water coming out of the perforation. In addition to the throughput, the function of geotextiles is to protect the perforations of the pipe from clogging.

Pipe laying must be done at a slope, connecting the ends to manholes. Two types of wells can be used in the system: sealed, allowing the use of collected water for technical purposes, and absorbing - the water will go back into the soil. The slope of the drainage pipes depends on its diameter, the larger it is, the less slope is required.
The next step in the installation of drainage pipes will be filling the surface with crushed stone and sand. After that, the structure is wrapped with sheets of filter material located on the surface and covered with a layer of soil.

Drainage pipes video

Maintenance of the drainage system

damage to the integrity of the pipe;
the formation of a dense blockage;
the growth of silt deposits on the entire surface of the pipe;
partial settlement of the pipeline due to soil movement.

In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to timely inspect the drainage system and clean it from various kinds of pollution.

Errors in the laying of the drainage pipe

The most common mistakes include:

selection of the pipeline system without taking into account the quality of the soil. For example: on loamy soil it is not recommended to use pipes without a filtration system;
violations associated with a change or absence of the angle of inclination of the drainage system;
initially, the option of draining water from the well was not provided;
the technology for arranging drainage pipes is not observed - the installation was made without filtering dumping of crushed stone and sand;
lack of geotextiles and filter material;
poor-quality soldering of pipes;
no perforation.

Site drainage is a large set of measures aimed at removing excess water. The system is a complex of pipes (drains) laid in the ground. With their help, excess moisture is removed from the site. But in order for drainage to work effectively, it is necessary to properly select and lay drains. This will be discussed in the article. Here we will talk about the main types of drains used and how the drainage pipes are laid by hand.

Which pipes are best used for drainage

For drainage systems, special pipes with many holes are used. Through these holes, water from the soil enters the drains and then is discharged outside the site. Various materials can be used as material for pipes:

asbestos cement;
ceramics;
polymer materials.

Asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes are practically not used today. Such products are quite heavy and difficult to install, and the use metal pipes in the drainage system is impractical. The metal is susceptible to corrosion, so pipes lying in the ground can fail in a year.

The most common are the last materials from the list - polymeric. And there are many reasons for this. Firstly, plastic is much lighter than asbestos cement and ceramics. This factor facilitates pipe laying. At the same time, the strength of modern polymeric materials is often not inferior even to metal. Secondly, such products are cheaper.

In addition, plastic drainage pipes have other positive characteristics:

have a long service life;
easily tolerate the impact of aggressive environments and are not subject to corrosion;
The inner surface of plastic pipes is absolutely smooth. This feature prevents the formation of blockages;
resistant to silting. If the drains are laid with geotextiles, then small particles do not clog the holes. And this means that water from the soil freely enters the drainage system;
a wide range of sizes. Plastic pipes can be easily matched to a drainage system of any capacity.

In addition, plastic products do not require special care. During operation, it is only necessary to periodically carry out a visual inspection and, at a maximum, once a year, clean the system using any of the available methods.

Now let's figure out how to lay the drainage pipes yourself. The laying technology is quite simple, and anyone can handle it, even without special skills.

The first step is to design the system. It should take into account the following factors:

terrain (presence of natural slopes and mounds);
the location of the site (in a lowland or on a hill);
soil characteristics (its ability to pass water);
proximity to groundwater;
precipitation level.

Calculations are made of the depth of laying pipes and their location. After that, we transfer the markup to the terrain. Now you can start earthworks. Trenches are dug along the marked lines. Their depth must correspond to the calculations, and the width must be 40 cm larger than the outer diameter of the drainage pipes used. This additional space is necessary for arranging the filter in the form of a layer of crushed stone of small and medium fractions.

The next step is to prepare the pillow. Sand 20 cm thick is poured at the bottom of the trench and carefully rammed. After that, we fall asleep a layer of rubble of the same thickness.

It is necessary to observe the slope of the excavated trench towards the drainage well or the place where water is discharged from the site. The slope must be at least 3 cm per meter of pipe.

Now you can lay the drains. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the location of the holes. If the perforation is made on only one side, then the pipe is placed with the holes down. After laying the pipes, we connect them into one system. To do this, you can use plastic fittings used when laying an external sewage system.

At each turn of the system or at the junction of several pipelines, a manhole is installed. It can be purchased at ready-made(as a rule, they are also made of polymeric materials) or build independently (from concrete rings, bricks or other improvised material).

Then a layer of crushed stone, 20 cm thick, is poured over the pipes, then sand (with the same layer). After that, you can backfill with previously excavated soil. Sod is laid on top, which should be cut before digging trenches.

To prevent the drainage system from silting up, it is advisable to use geotextiles. In this case, before laying the first layer of crushed stone, a geofabric is spread. Then crushed stone is poured, a pipe is laid, another layer of crushed stone, and this whole “pie” is covered with the edges of the geotextile. As a result, the entire filter system must be placed in a "wrap" of geotextile.

You might be interested in reading additional material

At the stage of planning a house or a summer residence, land owners are wondering how to prevent flooding of the territory by precipitation or ground water. In autumn, during rains or in spring, during the period of snow melting, puddles can form on the plot, which not only interfere with movement, but also spoil the materials at the base of the foundation and walls, and also negatively affect cultivated plants.

From constant stagnation, the soil becomes waterlogged, oxygen does not enter inside. In order for the land plot not to turn into a swamp, it is necessary to deal with its drainage, which can be helped by drainage pipes, the types of which will be discussed below.

Drainage pipe classification

AT modern construction Three types of products for drainage are used, among them it is worth highlighting:

polymer perforated;
ceramic;
asbestos-cement.

The last two are rarely used, as they have some disadvantages, namely:

impressive weight;
complex installation process;
low performance;
expensive styling;
short service life.

A large weight can complicate the installation, as well as the transportation and unloading / loading of materials. Installation work using ceramic and asbestos-cement pipes is accompanied by certain difficulties. Masters must have special skills, in addition, a lot of time is spent on work. The system, arranged with the help of such products, clogs up quite quickly. The service life is short and reaches 30 years.

Why choose a plastic variety of drainage pipes

Polyethylene drainage pipes (GOST 32413-2013) have many advantages, such as:

long service life;
high strength;
resistance to corrosion;
light weight;
ability to self-cleaning;
low cost;
variety of standard sizes.

These pipes are ready to serve for about 60 years. They have two walls, as well as additional ones that contribute to the distribution of loads. The material in their base does not corrode and is resistant to aggressive environments. It is easy to transport due to its low weight, as well as to carry out installation.

Inside, plastic pipes are very smooth, so they rarely become clogged. You can buy them at a low cost, and you can not spend money on paying for installation work. This makes plastic drainage pipes even more attractive.

Varieties of plastic pipes for drainage

Before proceeding with the choice of the diameter of the drainage pipe, it is necessary to understand the main varieties. If we are talking about plastic products, then they can be made of:

polypropylene;
polyethylene;

The most common is the last type of pipe, which happens:

flexible single layer or double layer;
naked or with a filter shell.

Flexible ones are produced in reels, and their length can reach 50 m. Rigid PVC pipes have a length ranging from 6 to 12 m. As for the presence of a filter shell, it can be made of coconut fiber or geotextile. Polypropylene which will be mentioned in the article are not much inferior to those described above in popularity. They can be corrugated or smooth, and their minimum diameter is 50 mm. Such products should be selected taking into account the class of rigidity.

Drainage diameter

Before starting work on laying the site drainage system, it is important to choose a diameter. The performance of the system will depend on this parameter. If it is necessary to drain water in large volumes, it is required to use pipes of an impressive diameter, which reaches 300 or 400 mm. But for household needs 200 mm drainage pipes are suitable.

The most popular are products with a diameter of 110 mm. By purchasing pipes of small size, you will receive products wound on coils. But if we are talking about an impressive value, then pipes with such parameters are sold in segments. In order to determine the diameter, it is necessary to take into account the features of the terrain, among them:

filtration coefficient;
soil type;
degree of moisture;
inflow volume;
freezing.

For example, if it is necessary to drain an area whose area reaches 400 m 2, you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. In this case, the groundwater coverage radius will be equal to 5 m. In addition, a geotextile fabric can be installed, which will provide filtering from debris.

When choosing a drainage pipe with a diameter of 400 mm, you will need to prepare a trench for it, the width of which is 40 cm more than the mentioned parameter. This indicates that the width of the pit should be 800 mm.

For large areas, pipes of 200 mm are excellent. At the same time, they must be deepened by 8 m, taking into account the pressure of the soil. Diameters within 315 and 425 mm are mine and are necessary for the construction of wells. They withstand maximum loads, have a long service life and have high anti-corrosion properties.

Purpose of drainage pipes

Drainage pipes with a diameter of 300 mm can be single-layer. They are designed for laying to a depth of 2 m. But if we are talking about two-layer products, then they are able to withstand loads at a depth of up to 10 m. A 300 mm pipe is used to drain excess water in industrial and civil construction during the construction and arrangement of parking lots , sports grounds, airports and garden plots.

To service such systems, they are installed which should be located on straight sections with a step of 50 m. Such revisions are also necessary at intersections, turns, transitions from one pipe diameter to another and when changing angles of inclination.

On sale you can find drainage pipes of 200 mm. They are mainly used in the construction of airfields and as well as country, cottage and road improvement. Such pipes are perfect for landscape design of the territory.

Appointment of pipes with a large diameter

Drainage pipes of large diameter, as with other parameters, are intended to protect the site and the house from mold and freezing, high humidity, as well as flooding and decay of plants. Thanks to such systems, puddles and ice will not form on asphalt and pedestrian paths.

Pipes can be plastic, pottery or asbestos cement. Drainage pipes of large diameter are used when it is necessary to divert an impressive amount of groundwater. Pipes can be placed at the level of the foundation. This is due to the fact that it is here that a large amount of water is collected, it can have a negative impact on any structure.

Additional information about the diameter of pipes "Perfocor" and "Logistics"

Special attention deserves the material that forms the basis of the drainage pipes "Perfocor". For them, high-modulus polyethylene is used, to which mineral substances are added. These pipes, thanks to a similar manufacturing technology, acquire increased rigidity characteristics.

The diameter of the drainage pipe in this case most often has the following values: 110, 160 and 200 mm. If necessary, you can purchase products with a more impressive diameter - 400 mm. The pipe can also have a rectangular flat shape, it is supplied in bays. In this case, we are talking about products "Logistics".

They are made of and have reinforcing internal elements, which are possible only in rectangular pipes. The main advantage of such pipes is their compactness. Such drainage pipes for sewerage, having a diameter within 110 mm, take up only 2.5 times more space during transportation and storage compared to flat pipes of the same size.

Features of drainage pipes

When choosing drainage pipes, you will notice that they have some features, expressed in partial or complete perforation. This affects many characteristics of the system. Full perforation provides holes that are 60° apart around the circumference. This indicates that the cross section has 6 holes with a diameter of 1.3 mm. Three holes will be at the top of the pipe when partially perforated.

To protect the holes from clogging, they are made between corrugations connected by stiffeners. The latter allow you to distribute the load on the product as evenly as possible, which affects its durability. The conditions for the use of drains provide for the use of certain models of pipes, each of them is designed for the high-quality performance of its tasks. For this reason, it is necessary to determine what the drainage works on the site, as well as which pipes to choose for this.

Finally

In addition to the above, it can be added that a two-layer pipe with excellent strength characteristics is ideal for deep laying. Structures with a filter layer are designed for use in places where there is a possibility of clogging and silting of the system with sand and small soil particles. Such products allow you to save money, because you do not have to additionally purchase geotextiles or coconut canvas.

Note! A large volume of melt and storm water can provoke a rise in the groundwater level. The appearance of such a situation is highly undesirable, because as a result, the destructive effect on the foundation part of the building, as well as all elements of landscape design located on the site, increases.

increased soil moisture;
mold formation;
permafrost formation;

asbestos-cement;
ceramic;

Large weight, requiring significant costs for transportation and installation, because the installation of such dimensional products cannot do without the use of specialized construction equipment.
The slow process of installing a drainage system, which can only be carried out by the hands of professionals.
Low performance. Drainage pipes without perforation are usually on sale, so the holes are made manually. Because of this, during operation, the pipeline clogs faster, so frequent cleaning is required, and in some cases a complete replacement of elements.
The construction of systems based on them is much more expensive than in the case of using plastic elements.

Installation of a water drainage system on a land plot using corrugated plastic pipes with perforation

Note! The table shows the average price of drainage pipes 200 mm from various materials. There are other diameter options, however, in products made of ceramics, asbestos cement and plastic, the standard dimensional parameters do not match. Therefore, for comparison, a drainage pipe diameter of 200 mm was taken, which is present in the assortment of all these products.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: product classification

Drainage pipes for draining groundwater from a suburban area: types of products, their characteristics, prices and features of use in drainage systems.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: complete product classification

Thickening machines for wood: prices and characteristics of devices

Connection of wires in a junction box for electrical wiring

This article discusses groundwater drainage pipes: a complete classification of drainage products, their advantages, characteristics and main parameters are presented. Thanks to this information, you will learn how to select the appropriate types of pipes for certain types of drainage systems in accordance with their requirements, soil conditions, etc.

Corrugated pipe walls are highly resistant to any deformation changes under the influence of loads

1 Drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater: an introduction to the topic
- 1.1 Features of drainage pipes with partial perforation, full or no perforation
- 1.2 Advantages of plastic drainage pipes: HDPE and PVC
2 Features of drainage pvc pipes: classification of products according to different criteria
- 2.1 Characteristics of perforated drainage pipes
- 2.2 Product features Perfocor: products for drainage systems
- 2.3 Specificity of corrugated perforated drainage pipes with geotextile
3 Diameters of drainage pipes and features of the use of their elements
- 3.1 Choosing a pipe for a drainage system according to the type of soil on the site
- 3.2 Specification of 300mm plastic drain pipe
- 3.3 Characteristics of large diameter drainage pipes for a ditch
4 Additional recommendations for the use of pipes

Groundwater drainage pipes: an introduction to the topic

The drainage pipe acts as the main building element, on the basis of which a drainage system is formed, designed to drain areas. This element is responsible for collecting and diverting groundwater, melt and rainwater outside the territory with their preliminary filtration.

Drainage system helps to get rid of excess water in the area

Installing large diameter drainage pipes allows you to cope with problems such as:

increased soil moisture;
mold formation;
flooding of the site, the foundation of a residential building and buildings for household purposes, as well as cellars;
permafrost formation;
the appearance of puddles on paved surfaces;
formation of ice on footpaths;
rotting of the roots of garden flowers, vegetable crops and other vegetation due to an excess of moisture in the garden and suburban areas.

Features of drainage pipes with partial perforation, full or no perforation

If we talk about the general classification of products for drainage systems, the range is represented by the following types of pipes (by type of material):

asbestos-cement;
ceramic;
plastic drainage pipes with and without perforation, as well as with its partial presence.

In the building materials market, drainage pipes are presented great variety types and sizes

However, most construction companies have already abandoned the use of pipes made of ceramic or asbestos cement due to the numerous disadvantages inherent in them:

Which pipes are better to choose, their types, applications and installation

Characteristics and laying of drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater

The drainage system is an important component of the improvement of the site, its basis is drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater. They can be made from different materials and have different diameters. They should be selected based on the characteristics of the site. This article will be devoted to this.

What is a drainage system for?

A drainage device for the removal of groundwater is required:

on the territory adjacent to a large reservoir;
on a site with swampy soil;
if there is a high level of humidity in the area;
when there is a lot of rainfall.

Drainage is necessary to drain the courtyard due to the removal of excess water from various sources:

it may be precipitation;
melt moisture;
underground and irrigation water.

Due to excess water:

Plants may die. Soil impregnated with water does not allow oxygen to pass through. The nutrients that plants need are washed out of it.
Due to the softening of the soil, the foundation of buildings can sag. Including your home may suffer.
There is a deformation of garden beds and garden paths.

To prevent such problems, drainage systems are being laid to divert ground and other waters.

Types of drainage elements

According to the material of manufacture, the drainage pipeline can be:

Pipes from the first three materials are now rarely used, as they have many disadvantages:

They weigh a lot. Therefore, their transportation and installation is quite expensive. It is necessary to mount the system using special equipment.
Installation of ceramic, concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines is also difficult to implement. It is produced only by specialists.
Such network products have low operational characteristics. Its elements in most cases are not equipped with holes. Pipes have to be perforated manually. As a result, they clog faster and need to be cleaned regularly.

Plastic products

Polymer products for groundwater drainage are superior in quality to analogues from other materials. Its advantages:

long service life;
sufficient level of strength;
resistance to aggressive chemical environments;
low weight, thanks to this, pipes are easy to lay, this process is carried out quickly;
thanks to the smoothness inner walls, deposits do not grow on them, so the pipeline does not clog for a long time;
the use of geotextiles during installation prevents silting of the structure;
you can bury the system on your own, this does not require special skills and special equipment;
plastic drainage is inexpensive.

Products are made from three types of polymer:

polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
polyethylene low pressure(PND);
polypropylene (PP).

PVC drains are most in demand. Polymer products can be:

one- and two-layer;
flexible (supplied in coils up to 50 meters long);
rigid (their length can be 6-12 meters);
perforated (in whole or in part);
wrapped in filter material.

In addition, plastic products for water drainage are divided into strength classes (ring stiffness). They are designated by the letters SN and the numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16.

Drainage part diameters

Drainage structures have different diameters - from 50 millimeters to 425. This makes it possible to equip drainage networks of different capacities. For the removal of large volumes of water a large cross-section network is required -30-40 cm.

For domestic networks, in most cases, products with a passage of up to 20 cm are enough. They are most in demand in drain sections with a cross section of 11 cm.

To calculate the diameter of the network, it is necessary to take into account the features of the site:

Moisture level and type of soil.
Filtration coefficient.
The depth of soil freezing.
Water inflow dimensions, etc.

When it is necessary to drain a courtyard with an area of up to 400 m², pipes with a cross section of 11 cm will suffice. Products of the same size are also laid to drain the foundation of the building. The radius of groundwater discharge by a pipe with a cross section of 11 cm is 5 meters.

The drainage system can be wrapped with geotextile. It will filter the garbage. The width of the trench in this case should be 0.4 m more than the cross section of the network elements.

For large areas, large-diameter drainage pipes for ditches (20 cm) are used. The depth of their laying is approximately 8 m, taking into account the pressing load from the soil.

LDPs (large diameter pipes) with a diameter of 31.5 and 42.5 cm are mine and are used in most cases to equip a drainage well. Such products withstand maximum pressure loads.

Which drain to choose according to the characteristics

Bending single-layer products equipped with perforations, can be used at a depth of no more than 3 meters. The category of products by ring stiffness can also indicate the desired depth. For example, SN-2 products can be buried no more than 2 meters, and SN-4 - 3 meters.

At the two-layer drainage smooth inner walls. Its outer layer is corrugated. In most cases, the strength of such products is SN-6. When laying the drainage network, two-layer elements with a length of no more than 4 meters are used. As a filter layer, they can be wrapped with geotextile or coconut fibers.

Flexible single-layer perforated and corrugated products belong to the SN-8 strength class. They can be equipped with a textile filter or supplied without it. They can be laid to a depth of 10 meters. Two-layer drains of this type are buried no more than 8 meters. They do not come with a filter.

Elements for storm sewers

In a storm drainage system, the liquid is discharged by gravity, i.e. external compression action is not applied. Therefore, there are no special pressure requirements for such a sewer network. Only one strength parameter is important here - storm drainage, when it is instilled, must withstand the weight of the backfill.

Minimum requirements and thermal resistance products. The operation of the stormwater does not occur at high temperatures. The only condition is that drains should not lose strength in winter, with a negative temperature regime. In a well-designed and installed storm drainage system, moisture will not stagnate. Therefore, there will be no risk of freezing the network.

When underground pipe laying is used, they are exposed to aggressive chemicals that are dissolved in water or are in the ground. Based on this, the most important condition for the selection of drainage elements is their inertness to such compositions and resistance to corrosion.

The most important quality of a storm network is its throughput. The required cross-section of drains is determined at the stage of system planning. Most often, elements with a diameter of at least 11 cm are used for drainage.

Another condition for the effective functioning of storm sewers is the lowest possible level of hydraulic resistance inside the pipes. The walls of the products should be as smooth as possible. Then dirt and debris will almost not settle on them.

The length of storm drains can be different. However, it is best to choose elements with a maximum length. So you reduce the number of interfaces in the system - this will increase its efficiency and reduce the cost of laying.

Selection of drainage products for groundwater drainage

The foundation of buildings can be washed away by subsoil moisture at depths of up to 2 meters. At the same time, substances that contribute to the destruction of building materials can be dissolved in groundwater.

Waterproofing in this case is of little help. The best option- this is the instillation of a drainage pipeline. When designing it, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil and its level of moisture.

The increased content of liquid in the earth leads to freezing, rotting, diseases of plant crops, waterlogging of the farmstead. To prevent this from happening, for drainage it is necessary to choose corrugated products made from low-pressure polyethylene.

The optimal types of pipes for different types of soil are presented in the table:

Drainage pipe manufacturers

Now more and more factories are being opened that produce pipes, including those for drainage systems. However, most often used products that are produced by proven and well-known manufacturers. Among Russian companies This:

Among foreign manufacturers, the products of companies are in demand:

In fact, the manufacturing technology of drains is the same everywhere. Therefore, all factory products have approximately the same quality. The only difference is in the cost of the products.

Laying a drainage pipe with your own hands

Before laying the drainage structure, it is necessary to carry out its calculation and select the optimal type of pipes. The project will require a site plan. As well as geodetic data, they can be found in the regional department of land use:

Seasonal depth of underground water.
Features and structure of the soil.
The average annual amount of precipitation and flood moisture that falls on the site.

Knowing these parameters, professionals will carry out the necessary calculations and determine to what depth to bury the drainage pipes and their diameter.

The arrangement of the network for the removal of liquid is carried out as follows:

The design is displayed in a ditch, a nearby reservoir or storm sewer. At the end of the outlet pipe check valve installed. When it is impossible to equip such an exit, a storage well is mounted. When it is completely filled with volumes of water, it is pumped out using a pump.

When arranging drainage for draining liquid on the site, do not forget that the entrance to it must also be equipped with a pipe. There, it will be necessary to bury the product with maximum ring stiffness in the ditch.

When installing a drainage system, one should not make mistakes that entail a violation of its operation. The most common of them:

Insufficient drainage depth. This may cause a crash water balance territory.
The use of products for the removal of liquids that are not suitable for site conditions. This leads to the rapid termination of the network.
Incorrectly selected network slope angle. This will lead to problems with the removal of groundwater on the site.

Cleaning the drainage system

During maintenance of the groundwater drainage structure, it is necessary to periodically check whether it is clogged or out of order. When problems arise, they are promptly eliminated.

You should also regularly check the level of underground water in the courtyard of the site. So you will be aware of the efficiency with which the drainage copes with the removal of excess fluid. Thanks to timely preventive and repair measures, you will be able not only to extend the life of the drainage, but also to stop the risk of accidents.

The drainage structure should be flushed regularly. So you stop its clogging or get rid of it if it has already happened. For maximum washing efficiency, it is necessary to choose the method that will be most suitable in each individual case. There are three such methods in total.

The first one uses an ordinary hose for irrigation. It is introduced into the drainage pipeline and delivers pressurized water jets into it. They wash away deposits and blockages from the inner walls of the network.

The garden hose is flexible, and the water pressure from the domestic water supply is not too strong. Therefore, this method is used to clear minor blockages in short sections of the drainage network.

In the second washing method, a compressor is used. It is more efficient than a conventional hose. It supplies mixed air and moisture inside the drainage structure. They effectively and quickly clean the network from the inside. When using a compressor, it is possible to regulate the pressure. Therefore, this method can be used in most cases of clogging.

The third way is hydrodynamic. It uses a compressor pump and a hose with special nozzles. Water with their help is supplied inside the drains under strong pressure. Its jets cut deposits from the pipe walls. The system is then flushed under high pressure to remove residual dirt. This cleaning method is the most effective.

By choosing any of the three methods given, you will need to gain access to both sides of the drainage branch. Water jets will flow from one end, and its diversion will be provided from the other.

Conclusion

Self-laying a drainage pipe into a ditch is quite feasible. At the same time, professionals should be entrusted with the necessary calculations and the creation of a draft drainage system. Direct installation of the pipeline is not so difficult. The main thing at the same time is to strictly follow the installation rules, maintain the desired slope of the network, securely connect its elements and equip manholes.

Drainage pipes for draining groundwater - laying and installation of a drainage system in a ditch, to what depth to bury

Consider the characteristics and methods of laying drainage pipes for draining groundwater, learn how to choose a pipe for the system and what diameter, to what depth to bury

Drainage pipes for groundwater

The depth of groundwater is determined by the geological structure of the area and may vary depending on the amount of precipitation and spring snowmelt. An increase in the groundwater level in a personal plot can lead to the following problems:

flooding of the foundation of buildings, basements and cellars;
the formation of frozen layers and an increase in soil heaving;
high humidity and waterlogging;
the appearance of non-drying puddles and ice on the footpaths;
rotting of the roots of trees and plants.

The solution to the issue of draining excess water from the upper layers of the soil can be drainage pipes for draining groundwater, combined into a single system. Thanks to this, the level of groundwater can be reduced to normal limits by withdrawing it into a reservoir or lowland with the provision of preliminary filtration, which excludes washing away of the soil.

The principle of operation of water drainage systems is very simple. Perforated pipes are laid along the structure or around it along the perimeter at the required depth, into which moisture enters through the holes and is transported to intermediate, rotary and prefabricated wells. After that, the water is diverted through pipelines to the nearest reservoir, lowland or any other water collector.

Types and characteristics of pipes used

According to the type of material, pipes for groundwater drainage are divided into:

In turn, polymer pipelines can be made of vinyl plastic, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene. The inner surface of plastic pipes is smooth, and the outer casing is made of corrugated to increase the strength of the material.

Asbestos-cement and ceramic materials

To date, most construction companies and private developers have abandoned the use of ceramic and asbestos-cement pipes in drains. As the practice of construction and further operation has shown, these materials, in comparison with plastic, have a number of significant drawbacks, which include:

high cost and high weight, which increases the cost of transportation;
the need to use special equipment for laying heavy pipes;
complex installation of joints, requiring special skills to perform chasing joints;
lack of perforation, which has to be done manually on your own;
increased roughness of the inner surface, which contributes to accelerated silting of pipelines.

These shortcomings contribute to a justified increase in demand for pipes made of polymer materials, specifically designed for drainage systems.

Polymer materials

Plastic pipes for groundwater drainage can be made from various raw materials. The most popular category, which has the best value for money, includes PVC products. Polyethylene, polypropylene and vinyl plastic are more expensive, but the quality remains at the same level.

By its design polymer pipes can be:

single layer or double layer;
different strength class, from SN2 to SN16;
with or without a surface filter layer of geotextile;
rolled into bays up to 50 m long or in the form of straight segments up to 12 meters.

At the same time, polymeric materials are distinguished by a long service life, high strength and resistance to moisture. Light weight and the presence of rubber seals greatly simplify the installation of pipelines, which can be done by hand. The smooth inner surface and the presence of a filter coating prevent silting and clogging of the system.

Polypropylene pipes.

Porous pipes

Such drains are made of plasto-concrete or expanded clay glass. These pipes do not have perforations, and the water in them seeps through the pores in the walls. Such a structure is convenient because it does not require an additional filter layer and surface sprinkling with crushed stone. However, the reduced strength of porous drains and their high cost limit their wide application.

The choice of pipes depending on the type of soil

When choosing the type of perforated pipes, it is necessary to take into account the geological structure of the soil on the site, since this factor significantly affects the saturation of the soil with moisture and the possibility of moisture passing into the lower layers. Depending on the geology of the soil, it is recommended to apply:

on sandy soils - pipes with a filtering layer of fabric and the presence of surrounding gravel bedding;
on clay soils - drains with or without a filter, surface and surrounding crushed stone bedding;
on loam - pipe material with a filter without backfill;
on chernozems - pipes without a filter with crushed stone around the line;
in stony soils - perforated pipes without a fabric filter and crushed stone.

Therefore, the final decision on the choice of the type of drainage pipelines can be made on the basis of geophysical survey data at the site with the determination of the actual level of groundwater and the geological structure of the soil in sections.

Depth of drains and distances between lines

Single-layer drainage pipes for draining groundwater can be laid to a depth of no more than two meters. Further determination of the maximum depth of laying depends on the strength index. SN4 materials can be mounted to a depth of up to 3 meters, and SN6 - up to 4 m.

The distance between the drains depends on the depth of laying and the type of soil.

In the case of laying a pipeline under a roadway, a car park or at a great depth, the strength index must be at least SN10. Two-layer corrugated materials allow maximum depth up to 10 meters. In this case, the presence of a filter coating is optional.

When choosing diameters, it should be taken into account that one drain with a diameter of 110 mm is able to effectively drain groundwater from a strip 10-15 meters wide at a laying depth of 1.8-2.0 m and from a strip of 5-7 m at a depth of 0.5 meters. That is, the greater the depth of the pipes, the larger the area they can serve.

In addition, the type of soil and the average level of water occurrence should be taken into account. So on clay soils, the distance between adjacent drainage lines should not exceed 10 meters at any depth. In the case of loams, the maximum distance is 20 meters, and on sands - no more than 40 meters.

Experts determine the optimal depth of laying pipelines in the range of 1.5-2.0 meters. This will increase the distance between the drains and reduce the cost of the system.

Pipeline diameters and perforation methods

Enterprises produce plastic pipes for drains with a diameter of 63 to 1200 mm. For the installation of drainage systems in private construction, pipes up to 300 mm are used. Perforated dimensions 63-110 mm are laid in places where water is collected, and 110-300 mm without perforation - for transporting the collected moisture outside the building site. Pipelines with a diameter of more than 300 mm are used in industrial and civil construction of large facilities and agricultural land reclamation.

The diameter of the drainage section determines the number of perforations, and hence the amount of moisture collected from the soil. Therefore, in most cases, it is recommended to use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm with a laying depth at the starting point of 1.0-1.5 meters in private building plots.

The use of a 63 mm drain may be ineffective, and a 160 mm drain will lead to an overall rise in the cost of the system due to an increase in the cost of purchasing materials.

Pipe perforation can be performed by the manufacturer at the factory and independently, on products with a continuous surface. Pipe manufacturers use 4 ways to arrange holes:

partial, with two holes at an angle of 120˚ in the upper part, while the length of the holes is a quarter of the diameter;
with two holes at the bottom;
with four holes in the upper half with a 40˚ angle between them;
with six holes over the entire diameter of the pipe.

In the absence of perforation, it can be cut with your own hands using a grinder or other tool. In corrugated products, holes are made along the lower edge of the corrugation. In this case, all edges and the inner surface must be carefully cleaned from burrs and fallen plastic particles.

Perforation corrugated HDPE pipes.

To provide filtration and protection against the ingress of contaminants, sold pipes may have an additional external coating of geotextile. If there is no filter layer, then you can also wrap the pipe with such material yourself.

Geotextile filter.

Connection methods

The applicable connection options depend on the type of pipes to be laid and the material from which they are made. Ceramic and asbestos-cement pipelines are connected using socket and socket elements with joint sealing with a cable or semi-dry cement, which are hammered into the connection using chasing. This method requires special skills and is performed only at a professional level.

Plastic pipes and other elements of the system are connected through a sliding socket with a rubber ring seal or using the technology of thermal end welding. In the first case, the assembly is quite simple and can be done independently.

During installation, the rubber seal and the pipe end must be lubricated with special assembly grease. This makes the job much easier.

End welding provides for a special welding machine and ability to operate the equipment. Therefore, this technology is used only by construction and installation companies.

Drainage pipe manufacturers

Materials for arranging groundwater drainage systems are manufactured at many enterprises in Russia and other countries. Among the most famous and popular Russian companies manufacturing polymer pipes, it should be noted:

The products of these manufacturers meet international standards and are quite affordable for most developers.

In addition, on the building materials market, you can purchase products from such foreign companies as:

The manufacturing technology and product quality of all manufacturers are approximately the same. But you have to pay more for the pipes of foreign companies, taking into account the costs of customs duties, transportation and a promoted brand. But the final decision on the choice of manufacturer should be made by the developer, based on their financial capabilities.

Prices for drainage pipes.

The device of the drainage system on the site

The drainage device on the site must be completed before or simultaneously with the construction of the foundation of the house. This will reduce the amount of excavation and arrange pipelines with maximum efficiency. To increase the flow of water to the drain around it, it is necessary to backfill an additional drainage layer of crushed stone, gravel or river pebbles.

The work should include the following steps:

Drawing up a scheme for laying pipelines on the site, choosing materials and marking on the ground. In the event that you do not have experience in organizing and conducting such work, contact a specialist for help in developing a scheme! It is possible that qualified assistance will allow you to avoid mistakes and unnecessary additional costs.

Excavation work, during which trenches and pits are dug for the installation of rotary and prefabricated wells. The bottom of the trenches should have a slope of 1-2% towards the runoff of the collected water. The width of the trench is equal to the diameter of the pipe with the addition of 0.4-0.5 meters. Depth is determined by the level of groundwater.

The slope of the drainage system.

Attention! When installing slopes, they should not be more than 5%, as this can lead to a significant deepening of the pipeline at the finish point, as well as to too high a water velocity.

After excavation, the bottom of the trenches should be tamped and a leveling sand cushion 5-10 cm thick should be covered.
Install the drainage wells provided for by the scheme, which should be located at all places where the lines turn, converge flows and collect Wastewater. In addition, on straight lines, the distance between the wells should not exceed 30 meters to maintain the possibility of cleaning them during operation.
Lay the geotextile fabric in the trench so that its edges are exposed to the walls. After that, a layer of crushed stone, gravel or pebbles 15-20 cm thick should be covered.
Level the surface of the bulk material, compact and lay the pipes. The assembly of the pipeline begins with perforated drainage sections and is carried out in the direction of the place where water is collected or discharged into a reservoir.
Perform a control check of the correct laying of pipes. To do this, spill the pipelines in all directions with water, pouring it into the wells.
Completely fill the pipeline with crushed stone so that the surface of the stone exceeds the pipe by 20 cm. After that, tamping is not carried out so as not to damage the integrity of the pipe.

Laying in a trench.

Important! Pipes that do not have perforations are not covered with crushed stone, since they are lines that only transport water. It is enough to backfill with sand 8-10 cm thick.

Wrap the edges of the geotextile onto the surface of the bulk material. In this way, you will have a stone shell completely wrapped in cloth around the drain.

Drain laying scheme.

In conclusion, backfill the trenches and plan the territory.

It should be understood that any drainage system requires periodic monitoring of its technical condition. It is provided by inspection of wells for silting and throughput. If necessary, it is necessary to flush the pipelines from silt deposits.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: types, installation instructions

The solution to the issue of draining excess water from the upper layers of the soil can be drainage pipes for draining groundwater, combined into a single system.