Types of roofing materials for the roof. Roofing for the house: varieties of designs and the best materials. Copper and aluminum

The roof top is the topmost part of the roof. It is she who protects the building from negative influences. environment. Before you cover the roof of the house, you need to choose the right material. Roofing materials come in a variety of types. Each of them has its purpose and limitations in use.

Material selection criteria

Types of coverage should be considered from several angles. Choosing the material for the roof, you should answer the following questions for yourself:

• how steep the slope of the slope is planned;
• the cheaper it is to cover the roof, is the financial component in the first place;
• what type of roofing material will fit better into the architectural appearance;
• the better to cover the roof with your own hands, how complicated the installation process is;
• Is it possible to put up with the high noise of the roof.

The main criterion for choosing a roof covering is the slope angle.

In general, the coating must meet the requirements for reliability, durability, strength and waterproofing. The aesthetic component and economic are also important. To choose a roof covering for a house, you will have to consider the most popular options carefully.

seam roof

This option will allow you to perform work inexpensively. The coating in this case is made of thin metal sheets. Their connection along the length is carried out by bending the folds. Such coating material is not very suitable for do-it-yourself work, since it requires certain skills and knowledge.

Installation of a seam roof is not recommended to do it yourself

When deciding what is better to cover the roof of the house, you should pay attention to more simple types. This option is more suitable for a professional team that will do the job quickly and efficiently.

Deciding how to cover the roof wooden house or any other? Then it is worth taking a closer look at the metal tile. It is light, so it does not create a strong load on the walls of the building and foundations. Often the material can be difficult to distinguish from natural tiles.

The metal tile on decorative properties is almost not inferior to the usual

She looks attractive and wide range of colors allows you to choose the best solution for any facade. A special coating is used to protect the material from corrosion. The most commonly used polymers.

Mounting

Finishing the roof with metal tiles is suitable for slopes with a slope of more than 15 degrees. Such species practically do not limit the upper limit of the slope. If the value is less than 20 degrees, you should think about waterproofing. In this case, moisture flows down the surface worse and can seep through the sheets.

When installing the roof with your own hands, you need to securely close the joints. The tile is attached to the crate. It is most often sparse. For the manufacture of the base, a board with a thickness of 32 mm is enough. The minimum allowable size is 25 mm, but in this case the design will work on the verge of possibilities.

The metal tile is attached to the crate

Application area

Metal roof tiles are widely used. It is suitable for a private residential building, administrative or production building. The material is intended for pitched roofs. Not used on flats.

Advantages and disadvantages

When deciding what is the best way to roof a private house, pay attention to the durability of the material. The metal coating can last up to 50 years. Compared with other types, the term is long. The benefits also include:

• ease of installation;
• small mass;
• you can cover the roof alone;
• does not require particularly careful handling during transportation;
• affordable price;
• wide range of.

When installing metal tiles, a lot of waste is generated.

But such modern materials also have disadvantages. During the construction process, a lot of waste is generated, which makes up a considerable percentage of the purchased material..

In addition, any metal coating is quite noisy. Residents literally feel every drop of rain.

Decking

roofs pitched roofs it is advantageous to cover with a profiled sheet. This material is similar in properties to metal tile, but is cheaper. These types of material may have different markings. For the coating device, corrugated board marked H or HC is intended. Sheets marked C are intended for vertical structures; it is impossible to make a roof out of them. The profile brand (numerical designation) is selected depending on the load and the pitch of the rafters.

To cover the roof, you should choose a profiled sheet of grade H or HC

Mounting

The coating is designed for roofing roofs with a slope of at least 10 degrees. The overlap during installation is assigned depending on the profile parameters. Usually the overlap is 20 cm. If the slope is less than 20 degrees, the joints should be additionally protected from moisture with a sealant.

Sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws. On the square meter you will need about 8 pieces. It is acceptable to lay the material on top of the old roofing from rolled materials.

Most often, profiled sheets are used for outbuildings and industrial buildings. But now there are many colors that fit perfectly into the facade of a residential building.

Advantages and disadvantages

Choosing what material is best for a wooden house? It is not recommended to use heavy types here. Therefore, the decision on how to cover the roof of the house in favor of the profiled sheet will be beneficial. Also perfect for brick or concrete buildings.

Roof pie device from corrugated board

The benefits include:

• ease of installation;
• good bending strength under mechanical stress and loads;
• service life like a metal tile;
• low cost.

Ondulin

Ondulin roofing is a profitable solution. It is possible to close the building with such material without significant material costs. The second name of onudlin is euroslate. Sheets are made from cellulose fibers, impregnated with bitumen with polymer additives. At the end, the material is painted in two layers of heat-resistant paint, thanks to which the sheets become neat and attractive. appearance.

Euroslate roofing - an economical option for the construction or repair of a roof

Mounting

Onduline roof covering country house with a slope of 6° to 15° requires a continuous crate. You can use normal edged board(tree of 3rd grade) or moisture resistant plywood. If the slope is more than 15 °, then a sparse base can be dispensed with.

The overlap of the sheets must be good - at least 30 cm. Special nails are provided for fastening.

Advantages and disadvantages

When deciding which material is best for a shed, bath or garage, you can choose ondulin with confidence. It is also suitable for a private house. But when choosing, it is worth considering that the service life of euroslate is up to 40 years, but the paint will fade earlier. The benefits include:

• waterproofing indicators;
• environmental friendliness;
• there will be no problems due to noise;
• ease of processing and cutting;
• very small weight;
• budget.

The main disadvantages of the coating include fading of paint, flammability

The disadvantages of the material are quite significant, so you should think about whether you need to cover your house with such material.. Minuses:

• combustibility;
• paint fading;
• softening of the material in sunny weather in summer (not recommended for steep slopes);
• moss growth in dark places.

Like the previous material, tiles are made using bitumen. Fit better for roofs with a slope of no more than 45 degrees, as it can soften in hot weather. Exist different types shingles depending on pattern and color.

The angle of the roof slope for flexible tiles should be no more than 45 degrees

Mounting

You can cover the roof with a slope of 11 to 45 degrees with the material. A continuous crate should be made under the coating. To do this, use a board or moisture-resistant plywood. If the slope angle is less than 18°, it is recommended to fix an additional waterproofing layer. For fastening, a layer of bitumen with a polymer is applied to the wrong side. The option is perfect for a roof of complex shape.

Advantages and disadvantages

The benefits include:

• long service life up to 70 years;
• noiselessness;
• holds snow well, it does not slip on rough material;
• resistance to corrosion and condensation;
• high flexibility;
• reasonable value for money.

Soft tiles due to their flexibility are widely used for roofs of complex shape.

natural tile

What to make a cover for a completely eco-friendly house? The best way in this case, ceramic tiles or its closest relative, cement-sand. They are able to last a century, they are safe, environmentally friendly and natural. But the significant shortcomings that do not allow the materials to return to the leading positions include:

• very large mass;
• the need for a strong and powerful foundation;
• high price.

Tiles are a beautiful, environmentally friendly, but heavy roofing material.

Rolled welding material

This option is mainly used for flat or low-slope bases.. There are several varieties from different manufacturers. Hydroizol, Stekloizol and TechnoNIKOL gained great popularity. The basis of the coating is fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester impregnated with bitumen.

Mounting

The roofing carpet is rolled out on the roof, heating part of the roll gas burner. When working on a pitched roof, work starts from the bottom. The overlap along the length and from the ends is prescribed at least 10 cm. For a flat roof, 2-3 layers of coating will be enough. For pitched, you will have to lay 4-5.

Mostly the coating is used for the roofs of multi-storey buildings or industrial buildings. In private construction, it is difficult to meet. For own house it makes sense to buy such material as a lining waterproofing layer.

Rolled welded roofing is most often mounted on flat surfaces.

Advantages and disadvantages

The benefits of this coverage include:

• ease of care;
• good resistance to moisture;
• noiselessness;
• environmental friendliness and safety for humans;
• affordable price.

In individual construction, various types of roofs are used, and the choice is determined by various factors, including:

• decorative qualities and compliance with the chosen style of construction;
• smart house solution (including the geometric shape of the box, the presence of internal load-bearing walls, etc.);
• climatic features of the construction region;
• the level of complexity of installation;
• load on wall structures and foundation;
• the use of certain roofing materials;
• the possibility of insulating the structure, etc.

Main types of roofs

According to the design of the roof can be divided into two types:

• Attic roofs - with an overlap at the level of the upper part of the walls, which separates the space under the roof from the rooms located below. This is a classic option for cold climates, as the ceiling can be insulated to reduce heat loss at home. In addition, the space under the roof is suitable for use as an additional utility room or turning it into a living space (this requires insulating the roof system).
• Non-attic (combined) roofs - there is no additional ceiling covering, the ceiling of the lower floor is itself roof structure, flat or pitched. It is more suitable for warm climates, as in harsh climates it is more difficult to prevent heat loss through such a roof.

attic roof

If we consider what types of roofs are according to the level of slope and roof configuration, we can distinguish systems:

• flat;
• pitched.

In turn, pitched roofs by design are:

• lean-to;
• gable (gable);
• mansard (broken gable roofs);
• tented;
• hip and semi-hip;
• multi-forceps;
• conical;
• domed;
• combined;
• free outlines.

Each type of roof has its own advantages and disadvantages, operational features. Let's consider them in more detail.

flat roofs

For individual housing construction, flat roofs are uncharacteristic for a number of reasons, including:

• architectural inexpressiveness, when it comes to the construction of standard rectangular outlines;
• high requirements for roof waterproofing;
• the need for a high bearing capacity of the roofing system, if we are talking about an exploited roof or construction in regions that are characterized by increased snow loads.

But today, flat roofs are increasingly being built by private developers. This is primarily due to the popularity of Art Nouveau, minimalism and high-tech styles. At the same time, for the architectural expressiveness of the building, a combination of volumes of various parts of the structure is usually used. Another reason for the growing interest in flat roofs is the emergence of durable and reliable waterproofing materials on the construction market.

flat roof house

The advantages of flat roofs include the possibility:

• equip a site for recreation, sports activities, etc.;
• create winter Garden or a greenhouse
• install a wind generator or other equipment to increase the comfort and economic efficiency of the house.

In addition, flat roofs are easier and safer to maintain - to clear snow, repair the roof or troubleshoot equipment installed on it.

Shed roofs

If we compare what are the roofs of houses and outbuildings, it can be noted that in the second case, shed roof systems are used more often. This type of roof is characterized by the simplest design - the rafter legs rest on the edges of the walls (or special supports) located at different heights. The angle of inclination of the slope depends on the height difference and the length of the span.

Shed roofs are most often installed on buildings small size, since with a large roof area it is required to increase the angle of inclination in order to ensure effective drainage. And this turns into an increased windage of the roof.

If we are talking about a residential building, then for the architectural expressiveness of the building I often use the technique when two (or more) pitched roofs over different parts buildings visually imitate a gable (or multi-gable) structure.

Shed roof

The benefits of pitched roofs include:

• ease of calculation and installation work;
• cost-effectiveness (minimum materials are used);
• light weight (suitable for buildings on lightweight foundations).

If the pitch angle is relatively small, roof maintenance is safer compared to other types of pitched structures.

The disadvantages of this type of system include the limited attic space - it is difficult to fully use it for economic purposes and it is more difficult to insulate it with high quality.

Gable structures

When answering the question, what are the roofs on private houses, most people will first of all remember gable roof, which is also called forceps. Its design is quite simple - two identical slopes rest with their lower part on opposite walls (or beams laid across them), and in the upper part they are connected in a ridge.

The advantage of this system is the following:

• the truss structure is quite easy to calculate and mount;
• the space under the slopes can be used for storing things or for other economic purposes, including for installing ventilation and other equipment;
• if desired, the attic is converted into a living space;
• due to the rather steep slope of the slopes (usually 15-60 degrees, depending on atmospheric loads in the region and the selected coating material), snow and rain moisture easily comes off the roof;
• financial investments in a gable structure are relatively small;
• a gable roof house looks aesthetically pleasing.

However, it is worth noting that a gable roof is suitable for relatively small buildings, since the roof area grows noticeably with an increase in the dimensions of the house box.

gable roof

There are not only forceps, that is, isosceles. To add individuality to the building, you can make an asymmetric roof, the slopes of which differ in size and angle of inclination. However, in this case, a professional is required, the load on which will be unevenly distributed.

Mansard roofs

By usually means "broken" gable structures. In this case, each ramp consists of two parts located at different angles, with the lower one being mounted almost vertically. The peculiarity of the truss system is that it allows you to expand the usable space of the attic, as if continuing the walls of the house up.

The financial investment in this type of system is 25-30% higher than for the installation of a gable roof, but the gain in terms of the functionality of the building is much greater, since a full-fledged residential floor is practically added. And in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged two-story house you can significantly save money, since the installation and insulation of the roofing system will cost much cheaper than arranging a reinforced foundation and erecting walls on the second floor.

mansard roof

When arranging such a roof, it is important to consider the following points:

• insulation of the attic will reduce the heat loss of the lower premises of the house, but the under-roof space needs good ventilation, since the use of vapor-tight materials (a heat insulator made of foamed polymer or a special membrane that protects mineral wool from moisture);
• if windows are cut into the roof slopes, high-quality daylight can be provided;
• when using special furniture, you can maximize the use of space in the "dead" zones between vertical walls rooms and slopes.

A mansard roof can replace an existing gable roof, provided that the walls and foundation are able to withstand the increased load.

hipped roofs

Visually, the design is four identical isosceles triangles, the vertices of which converge at one point, and the bases lie on the walls of the building.

Hip roof

(pyramidal) structures are ideal for erection on houses whose box has square shape. Their advantages include:

• high resistance to atmospheric loads;
• attractive appearance;
• the ability to use almost any roofing material.

The disadvantage is the increased requirements for system calculations and installation work. In order for the truss system to withstand loads and evenly distribute them to the walls of the house, its supporting frame must be made strictly symmetrical.

hip roofs

Hip structures primarily became widespread in Northern Europe, in regions that are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Like tent structures, hip systems have four slopes, but they are not the same, but are symmetrical in pairs. On the short sides of the house, the slopes are triangular, on the long sides they are trapezoidal, which converge in the ridge in the upper part.

Even a heavy wind will not break, due to long overhangs, it reliably protects the walls of the house from precipitation. The attic under such a roof is quite spacious, and if desired, it is possible to equip an attic there by installing windows in the roof.

A variety of hip structures is half-hip roofs. They differ in that the triangular slopes are approximately half as long as the lateral trapezoidal ones and open the upper part of the pediment. Such roofs are used on two-three-story buildings, in this case, the upper (mansard) floor has windows only on the gables, since the side parts are covered with a roof.

Half hip roof

Hip and semi-hip types of roofs for a private house are difficult to install, as they require increased accuracy when calculating the truss system and installing the frame. You should also take into account the increased consumption of materials for the construction of the frame and laying roofing cake. But it is worth noting that buildings with such roofs look solid and respectable.

Multi-forceps designs

The original roof can be created by combining several gable structures with each other. The most common option is to install small gable roofs over skylights on the gables and roof slopes of the house. Also, separate gable roofs can be erected over each of the parts of the box of a house of complex configuration, which as a whole creates a unique ensemble.

It should be noted that the calculation and installation of multi-gable structures must be entrusted to professionals, since a complex truss system must correctly distribute the load on building construction.

Multi-gable roof

The weak point of multi-gable roofs is the waterproofing of valleys and junctions, which abound in the design. Such a roof requires increased attention during installation and the use of the most reliable waterproofing materials.

conical roofs

Such structures in a "solid" form are usually crowned with round or polygonal towers, round houses. Incomplete cones are used to create a roof over a protruding bay window, in which case it is especially difficult to pair the conical roof element with the roof truss system over the main part of the house.

conical roof

Not all roofing materials are suitable for arranging a coating on a conical roof. First of all, you can use:

• rolled bituminous materials with a decorative and protective coating;
• bituminous tiles;
• natural tiles;
• copper or wooden "scales";
• slate, limestone;
• reeds and other plant materials.

dome roofs

Understanding what roofs are on private houses, one cannot fail to mention domed roofs. There are two main varieties:

1. insulated roof (with window structures or "blank") as part of a domed house;
2. a panoramic glazed (or partially glazed) structure above a part of a house of complex architecture.

The frame of the dome system in the first case can be made of wood. Fully glazed domes are made of metal (steel or aluminum) structures, and require professional engineering calculations and competent manufacture of the frame, which must successfully withstand atmospheric loads.

Can be used as translucent filling:

• reinforced or laminated glass (during the destruction of these materials, dangerous fragments are not formed, but their light transmission is not the highest);
• triplex (completely safe, transmits light well);
• plastic materials - polycarbonate, transparent slate, plexiglass (they are lightweight and safe in case of destruction, but the resistance of each of these materials to ultraviolet radiation and light transmission properties should be taken into account).

Dome roof

The panoramic dome roof is difficult not only to install, but also to maintain. The glazing must be washed regularly from the outside, as dust will settle on its surface. AT winter period top part the domes will be covered with snow and frost, unless a special heating system is provided.

The advantages of domed roofs include:

• originality and aesthetic appearance;
• increased thermal efficiency of insulated structures - the shape of the dome contributes to the uniform distribution of heat, there are no freezing corners in the room;
• glazed structures make it possible to create an original winter garden or a room for stargazing.

Combined roofs

Houses of complex architecture with a variable number of storeys, replete with towers, bay windows and other elements, require the construction of a combined roof. During the development of the project, specialists need to competently combine several types of roofing into a single harmonious ensemble.

Combined roof

At the same time, the roof should be not only aesthetic and original, but first of all, reliable and durable. For laying roofing, a material is selected that is equally suitable for flat and convex surfaces. Most often these are piece materials (natural tiles, slate) or flexible bituminous tiles.

Roofs of "free" forms

There are roofs of private houses that are difficult to classify. It's about about original architectural solutions, when the roof as a whole and most of its parts do not have a strict geometric shape. The roof surface has smooth curves, due to which the slopes necessary for the removal of rain and melt water are formed.

Free Form Roof

Houses with such roofs are designed as close as possible to the free natural outlines, and completely natural materials are used to create the roofing - primarily slate. This type of roofing can also include grassy coverings of houses built close to the slope of the hill (and partly inside it), if the vegetation on the roof forms a single carpet with a natural cover in the areas adjacent to the house.

1.
2.
3.

The roof of the house protects Vacation home from precipitation. In addition, it maintains the necessary thermal conditions.

Almost all types of roofs are also responsible for decorative functions. Architecture gives all roofs a very important meaning. Often, a non-standard roof adorns the most ordinary country house. But still, the main function of the roof is protection. Therefore, all canopies must comply with established norms and standards. Our article will tell you about all the requirements. Now I would like to talk about terminology.

The roof is the part of a building that sits on top of its base. She protects interior spaces from moisture penetration, wind and solar radiation. The roof is a complex architectural element. It includes load-bearing structures ( truss system), responsible for the distribution of the load of the roof and precipitation. It is also an integral part of the roof, which protects the country house from winds, cold and moisture.

The roof is a multilayer "pie". It consists of:

• roofing;
• waterproofing layer;
• thermal insulation (one or more layers);
• vapor barrier material.

The roof is the part of the roof that can be seen from the outside. It is the roof that not only protects the building itself, but also determines its entire architectural and decorative appearance.

But not only roofing affects the roof of the house. Important importance is given to the type of roof - the defining element for the entire building. Today you can find a variety of classic and unusual roofs. This allows you to choose the most suitable option and make a house with a unique design.

Types of roofs of houses:

• Flat roofs are the simplest type with a slope of only 3%. They are used in construction apartment buildings and other massive structures. Private houses rarely contain this type of roof, as there is almost no design value. In addition, flat roofs accumulate snow masses, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the strength requirements of the roof and load-bearing structures;
• Pitched roofs - have a slope angle of 10 degrees or more. Ideal for building a private house.

Benefits of pitched roofs:

1. self-purification from various kinds precipitation;
2. allow you to equip an attic or attic room;
3. the possibility of applying design and architectural ideas.

Types of roofing roofs

This is far from full list pitched roofs.

Attention: When designing pitched roofs, ensure main system drainage of water and snow from the roof surface.

Today you can find a range of roofing materials. For example, classic slate is popular. It is used for the construction of roofs of outbuildings. Modern materials are represented by metal or composite tiles. Often you can find a plastic roof. Thanks to modern materials, you can equip both reliable and aesthetic plastic tiles. At the same time, the choice of colors is very large.

Used as roof waterproofing various materials, starting from the roofing material, and ending liquid rubber. The roofing material is represented by bitumen for the roof, which is applied to the fabric base. In this regard, roofing felt is a fairly versatile material. It is used as a material for flat roofs of warehouses, hangars and residential buildings. Note that initially the roofing felt resembled sheets of cardboard 1x1 meter. One side was free, and the other was covered with bitumen.

Of course, such a cardboard roofing material served for a rather limited period. However, it was indispensable if it was necessary to cover the roof in a short time. Today, roofing materials include fiberglass. This allows the material to be used for 20 years without loss of quality. Before laying roofing felt, you need to prepare the surface. It is important to make the surface of the roof as flat as possible.

Typical roof units and rafter fastening

The rafter frame is the basis for the roofing pie.

The pitched roof has a relatively large area. It is even compared to a sail. And this is not accidental - after all, a strong wind can easily rip it off or move it some distance.

In both cases, the roof will be damaged. And this is already an extra headache for the owner. country house. Under these conditions, reliable fastening of the roof to the walls will make it stable and durable.

1. Rafter legs are installed on a beam (Mauerlat). It, in turn, is attached to the walls of the structure. To create a Mauerlat, you will need a 15x15 cm timber or a 15x10 cm board.
2. Mauerlat is attached to the walls. For this, anchor bolts or bolts pre-screwed into the walls are used. For greater reliability, you can tie the beam with burnt fittings. Also, the Mauerlat beam is usually associated with adjacent beams.

The result is a strong foundation for the rafter frame and roof. The task of strapping includes the competent redistribution of the load on the walls of the building.

Gable roof - device, detailed video:

Thunderstorm protection

When designing and building a roof, remember that the ridge is the highest point of the building. Under these conditions, you cannot do without lightning protection. Especially if it's a metal roof.

As practice shows, even a small lightning strike on the roof of a building leads to a fire. Moreover, if there are people in the attic or in the attic, they can also be injured. An important process will help prevent accidents - grounding the roof.

Tip: Steel pins act as protection against thunderstorms. Their diameter must exceed 8 mm. The pins are attached along all edges of the roof horse and on the pipes. In height, the pins must be at least 1 meter above the roof level. In this case, the distance between them ideally should not exceed 12 meters.

1. The bottom ends of the pins usually contain a wire that should be welded to them. The diameter of the wire must match the diameter of the down conductor. Special clamps are used to fasten the down conductor. The element is attached to the roof and walls of the building. It is recommended to fix it on the basis of the downpipe.
2. After fixing and lowering the down conductor to the ground, it is necessary to fix it on a flat surface. To do this, a distance of 1 meter is measured from each wall of the building.
3. Further, a hole is dug half a meter deep, into which three steel pipe. It is recommended to connect them with a pre-welded steel strip.

Pipes act as ground conductors. But they will not perform their functions without a down conductor. Bolts are required to fasten the element. The process of welding the down conductor to the surface of the pipes will not be superfluous. Such a grounding scheme will create high-quality protection against thunderstorms. Types don't matter here. roofing, such protection should be on every roof of a country house.

Thus, building a house implies compliance with all the rules and regulations for tying the roof. Also important is the competent installation of the truss frame and roofing pie. By creating reliable roof- you are contributing to the future of your building (read: ""). After all, if you conduct a competent process, you can save on possible repair roof or its elements. Various types roofs differ from each other in their design and type of roofing material. However, all of them should be chosen based on practical significance. In other words, it is important to choose not only an aesthetic, but also a reliable roof.

1.
2.
3.

Modern buildings are different great variety architectural solutions. If earlier almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of what types of roofs are of interest to everyone who decides to build a house. When choosing an option for arranging a roof, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to its functionality.

All types of roof structures differ not only externally, but also in functional features. Ideal option does not exist: each type of roof construction has advantages and disadvantages.

Classification by slope angle

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roofing are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.

A flat roof is the simplest, it rests on walls of the same height and has practically no slope. Such roofs have a slope angle of 2.5-3%. The main disadvantage of flat roofs is that, due to the small slope, the removal of melt and rain water is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.

Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: at the top you can arrange a flower garden and even a pool - the main thing is that the supporting structures can withstand this load.

For construction country houses and cottages usually use pitched roofs. The angle of inclination of the slopes of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rain water is easily removed from pitched surfaces; at a large slope angle, snow does not linger on them.

Design classification

According to their structural solution, roofs are non-attic and attic. The first option involves combining with the main room, and the roof of the last floor is the supporting structures of the roof. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room, they can be insulated or cold.

According to the type of ventilation, non-attic roofs are divided into:

• non-ventilated;
• ventilated;
• partially ventilated.

Also, roofs can be operated or not operated.

Geometric classification

Types of roof coverings according to the geometric shape are as follows.

Shed roofs . Consist of a single plane. Their truss system is based on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more: ""). Due to this, a slope is formed. Roofs with one slope are easy to build and do not require large financial costs. But mostly they are used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For shed roofs, you can use tiles, slates, metal tiles, metal profiles, roofing material, ondulin, etc. (more: ""). Rainwater and snow does not linger on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus creating storm sewer relieved. The main disadvantages of shed roofs are the lack of an attic space and a small selection of design solutions.

gable roofs . They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes, based on bearing walls identical in height. This type of roof is also called gable. (read also: "") The gap between the two slopes (tongs, gables) has the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a shed version, but easier than other types of cottage roofs.

The gable roof is reliable, well removes rain and melt water, snow, can withstand strong wind loads. Besides, she looks much more interesting. pitched roof. For gable structures, you can use different roofing.

Mansard roofs - This is a type of duplex. But for the roof slopes themselves, broken lines are characteristic. Another variant of the name of such roofs is “broken”, since the slopes can be refracted at different angles. The presence of a break increases the area and volume of the attic, which is subsequently used as housing and is called an attic.

Therefore, this version of the roof device is called "mansard". Its pediments are shaped like a pentagon. The design of such a roof is characterized by certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can think of quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs of one-story houses.

Thermal insulation is also important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is done in accordance with all the rules, then you can live in the attic even in winter. Otherwise, the room under the roof can only be used in the summer.

As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.

For these roofs, a system of double-pull rafters and beams is used. Their shape contributes to the rapid and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. Tilt angles hip roofs are 45 degrees. They also withstand strong winds well. Due to the large angle hipped roof need to be equipped with a drain. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex truss system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.

Types of roofing for this type of roof can be different. You can use both light and heavy roofing materials. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the second materials for roofing last longer, plus, they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.

Half hip roof . These are ordinary hip roofs with truncated triangular slopes. At the heart of the house is a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes look like a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A roof in the form of a pyramid can decorate any building. The installation of this type of roof is as complicated as the installation of hip roofs. Their construction is also best entrusted to specialists. Read also: "

Also, such roofs are used to create an overlap of a part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are made from bent frame elements. Such types of roofing materials are used for the roof as soft (roofing felt, glass tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).

Currently, you can see on private houses and cottages the most various options coatings. Types of roofing for the roof are very diverse. Each person can choose the appropriate roofing option and type of roofing material for their home. Any method of creating a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, it is necessary to take into account not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".

Roofing materials used in the construction of any building. To cover the roof today, a variety of their types are used. Some of them are suitable for country mansions and cottages, others - for outbuildings, and others - for city houses. To choose the right roofing materials, you need to have a clear understanding of the properties of each of them. In this article, we will consider the main criteria for choosing a material, as well as popular types of coatings.

What to consider when choosing the right materials

• General roof loads. It must withstand the effects of wind, as well as a lot of precipitation. The weight of the coating is selected in such a way that there is no excessive load on the truss system.
• Material characteristics. These include resistance to corrosion, fire safety, mechanical strength, durability, etc.
• roof configuration. For roofs of complex geometric shapes, you need to choose the appropriate material.
• The purpose of the building. The material is selected depending on the type of building (residential building, outbuilding, etc.).
• Price. It is also one of the decisive factors and affects the final cost of the coating and its installation.

Sheet roofing

metal tile

Externally, this roof covering looks very beautiful. It can be easily confused with expensive ceramic tiles. The roofing material is made of cold-rolled steel sheet (- mm thick) with zinc coating and protective varnish. The finished sheet has a mass of 3-5 kg ​​per 1 m 2 . used as a roof for the roofs of industrial buildings, private houses, as well as for kiosks, garages, etc. Often flat roof framed with a metal tile (it is placed under a slope), resulting in a false roof. The main advantages of the material include the speed and ease of fastening, relatively low weight, convenient transportation and affordable cost.

Decking

It is made of cold rolled steel with hot dip galvanization. Sheets can be corrugated and rectangular. On all sides, the material is covered with a zinc or alu-zinc layer. On top there is additional polymer protection. The professional flooring happens in the form of a wave, a trapezoid, and also a rectangle. Roofing is a profiled sheet of the following grades: H57, H60, C8, HC35, C21, C44. Such roofing materials can be used in the construction of outbuildings (sheds, garages, etc.). Often they cover the roofs of shops, industrial enterprises, car washes. The advantages of roofing material are easy installation, high strength, long service life and low price.

Ondulin

This coating is also called aqualin and euroslate. Ondulin consists of thin cellulose fibers impregnated with bitumen and various polymeric additives. The coating is painted with heat-resistant polymer paint (in 1 or 2 layers) and looks quite attractive. The sheets have a mass of approximately 6.5 kg. Usually they are made in the form of waves. Ondulin can be used to cover sheds, garages and baths. The material bends easily, so it is perfect for organizing complex roofs. Advantages of the roofing material: high ability to withstand heavy loads, water resistance, environmental friendliness, hygiene, noiselessness (the sound of drops is almost inaudible even in heavy rain), low weight, easy transportation and installation.

Slate

It is one of the most affordable roofing materials. The coating consists of Portland cement and asbestos. A standard sheet has a mass of 10-15 kg. Slate can have 6, 7 and 8 waves. They are usually covered outdoor toilets, sheds, as well as other buildings for household purposes. The main advantages of the material include low cost, incombustibility, ease of processing and bending strength.

seam roof

It is made of flat steel sheets (galvanized or not, with or without a polymer protective layer), which do not allow moisture to linger on the roof. The roof got its name because of the special connection of the sheets - the fold. It can be standing and lying, single and double. In width, the sheets are fastened together with recumbent folds, in length - with standing folds. Such a roof is one of the most reliable ways of arranging a roof. With it, you can achieve a tight connection of metal sheets. Roofing material also has an attractive appearance and durability. It does not burn, has a small mass, withstands low temperatures and is characterized by high flexibility. Thanks to the latest quality, they can cover roofs of even complex geometric shapes. Seam roofing can be used to organize the roofs of cathedrals and manor-type houses. It can also cover industrial buildings.

Soft roof

Flexible roof tiles

For its manufacture, fiberglass is taken and impregnated with bitumen with a modifier. After that, slate or basalt chips are applied to the roofing materials. The latter protects against negative impact ultraviolet, gives color and three-dimensional pattern. From the inside, a self-adhesive layer of bitumen with a polymer is applied to the tile. usually used for roofs of complex geometric shapes, as well as for finishing the attic. Advantages of flexible tiles: attractive appearance, flexibility, resistance to corrosion and condensation, noiselessness.

Roll built-up roofing

It is also called glass isol or hydroisol. Such roofing materials are made on the basis of fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester. The base is poured with oxidized bitumen, for durability and elasticity, a modifier is added to it: APP (atactic polypropylene) or SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene). After that, a layer of polymer is applied and a topping is made of fine shale, sand or mica. Coating is used on flat roofs high-rise buildings (industrial and residential). In a private house, it is used for the construction of waterproofing. Advantages: moisture and fire resistance, environmental friendliness, low price and low weight.

Flat membrane roof

It has a thickness of 0.8-2 mm and can be of 3 types: TPO (thermoplastic olefins or polyolefins), EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The latter is not environmentally friendly, but can reliably protect against ultraviolet radiation and is not subject to combustion. EPDM membranes are durable and environmentally friendly. TPO membranes are also safe for human health, as they are composed of thermoplastic olefins with mesh reinforcement. Such roofing materials are used on flat roofs of public and residential buildings. Main advantages: high moisture resistance and chip strength, quick installation, large width, which allows roofs to be covered different types.

Piece roofing materials

Ceramic tiles

Tiles are made of clay by high-temperature firing. After that, it becomes very strong and hard and acquires a beautiful brown color with a reddish tint. Some types of tiles are glazed before firing. This is necessary to increase its water-repellent properties. Finished roofing materials (tiles) have a mass of 2 kg, a length and width of about 30 cm. There are many types: tape flat and grooved, one- and two-wave, stamped grooved, ceramic ordinary, grooved. Such roofing materials are used to cover roofs in brick, stone and wooden houses. Among the advantages: incombustibility, optimal sound insulation, resistance to temperature extremes, corrosion, aesthetics, economical operation (gutter cleaning and maintenance are carried out once a year).

Sand-cement tiles

This coating is made from a solution of sand with cement, which is pressed under pressure. Iron oxides act as a dye. They make the tiles look like ceramic tiles. Glaze is applied on top of the product (sometimes there is no coating). The surface of the tile is smooth or has a convex profile pattern. The tile has a mass of approximately 35-40 kg (per 1 m 2). Roofing is suitable for houses made of stone, brick or wood. Advantages: resistance to ultraviolet, chemicals, as well as to low temperatures.

slate roof

The cover is made from natural material- slate. The tile has a thickness of 4 mm and a weight of up to 25 kg (per 1 m 2). The roof is made by hand. The width of one tile is 15-30 cm, the length is 20-60 cm. Such a roof is suitable for the roofs of any houses. Advantages: very long service life, beautiful appearance, moisture and fire resistance, frost resistance.

Self-leveling roof

This coating is also called mastic roofing. She represents special kind membranes. It is a viscous liquid made on the basis of oligomers. Mastic roofing hardens in the air. It turns into an elastic film and has excellent adhesion to metal, concrete and bitumen. It is on these surfaces that it should be applied. It is best used in regions with harsh winters or very hot summers. Bulk roofing can be unreinforced, reinforced or combined. Advantages: quick installation, environmental friendliness, no seams, frost and fire resistance, high degree of moisture protection.

Roof installation. Metal tile. Seam roof installation instructions.