Farms from a profile pipe: we calculate and make our own hands. Do-it-yourself shed roof Shed roof 6 meters

Despite their simple, uncomplicated design, shed roofs are in demand, rational, especially for country housing construction. Roofs with one slope are also widely used for arranging garages, adjoining buildings, and outbuildings. You will learn how to build a pitched roof with your own hands step by step below. Multi-pitched roof options are complex in design, and it is quite possible to make a single-pitched roof with your own hands, since it is, in fact, a rectangle that is located in one plane and has no bends. On a lean-to, by the way, it will take you much less building materials than any other, it will be more resistant to seasonal manifestations (snow, wind, rain).

Construction of a garage with a shed roof, photo:

Benefits of a pitched roof:

• light weight;
• relatively acceptable total cost;
• affordable, uncomplicated installation process;
• the possibility of using various building materials (roofing, rafters);
• affordable arrangement drainage system, chimneys.

Photo of a chicken coop with a range for chickens

Despite its simplicity, a shed roof can be very creatively played up in design solutions. The angle of its slope directly depends on the climatic features of the region where you live. If you are used to snowy winters, then the degree of inclination should be greater (so that the snow slides off better), but if your house is located in a windy place, then the slope should be made smaller. For the same reasons, the slope of the roof should be directed in the opposite direction from the facade, so that the precipitation "leaves" behind the house.

The shed roof is of ventilated and non-ventilated type. The first option is used for residential buildings, the slope varies from 8 to 25 degrees. In such cases, air exchange is provided by an insulating layer and special openings located on the sides of the roof.

Outbuilding - garage and shed

The non-ventilated version is often installed in garages, sheds, outbuildings to the house, their slope angle is mostly small - 3-6 degrees.

House with a shed roof - the choice of roofing material

The calculation of a schematic drawing of a future home begins with determining the required angle of inclination and a suitable covering material for the roof. Most often, for such shed structures, corrugated board, metal profile, roofing material, tile, slate, metal tile or ondulin are used. Soft tiled or roofing material is best suited for very small slopes - from 5 to 10 degrees. Slate with corrugated board is more suitable for "average" indicators of the angle of inclination - from 20 to 30 degrees. For metal tiles, a slope of at least 35 degrees is required.

The choice of roofing material is determined by its ability to interact with atmospheric precipitation and remove them from the surface in a timely manner. For example, snow comes off much easier from slate, corrugated board, tiles.

How to make a shed roof?

To build a single-pitched roof with your own hands, you will need a standard set of construction tools, the necessary building materials. Wood materials (lumber) must be of good quality with a maximum moisture content of 22%. All wooden materials it is recommended to pre-treat with antiseptic agents (for example, from the Drevoteks series).

In addition to everything, you should have fasteners in stock: crossbars, struts, struts.

The crossbar is a horizontal part that acts as a support for load-bearing structures, it distributes the load of the rafters to other beams.

Struts - a type of supports that are located in the spans, provide greater stability to the entire structure.

Struts are beams that act as supports for the truss system.

Shed house extension

shed roof, a photo:

You must have:

• wooden beam with a section of 100 × 150 mm;
• laying boards (thickness at least 5 cm);
• rafter nails;
• thermal insulation materials;
• waterproofing materials;
• construction tape;
• tools (axe, saw, hammer, special knife, plumb line, screwdriver, tape measure, construction stapler, level).

The truss system will depend entirely on the size of the future house and the building material from which the walls were built. The rafters are always installed on the Mauerlat, if the building is small and the span does not exceed 4.5 meters, then the scheme of the shed roof truss system will be extremely simple. It will consist of the main Mauerlat beam and truss support. If the dimensions of the building are not small, but the span is more than 6 meters, then installing reinforcing rafter legs with your own hands is simply necessary.

Scheme of the truss system

The rafters must be installed in accordance with building regulations so that after several years of operation the consequences do not appear. Do not forget about safety rules - install reliable, strong temporary boards on the rafters, on which you will move during the construction process.

Photo installation of rafters

The workflow includes the following steps:

• Laying cross rafters. They are attached to the Mauerlat. This is the basis - what the whole emphasis of the rafter system is on. The distance between the rafters is approximately 60-80 cm. Here you will need large nails (or anchors).
• A crate is attached to the rafters (it is made of wooden slats 50 by 50 cm), it provides rigidity, the roofing material is laid directly on it. The crate is placed at a right angle.
• Using a construction stapler, waterproofing material is attached to the crate (ordinary polyethylene film is suitable for this purpose). Fastening is carried out without tension, but with an overlap from the bottom up.
• The turn of thermal insulation follows (for example: mineral wool, fiberglass, balsam mats).
• Laying roofing material according to its individual characteristics.

Do-it-yourself pitched roof

Consider step by step the entire construction process:

• Since the mauerlat is a support for the entire system, its main function is to ensure that the total weight of the roof is equally distributed evenly on the main load-bearing parts of the structure. For these purposes, you need to choose a beam of at least 10 × 10 cm, which is installed directly on bearing walls. There should be a layer of roofing material between the wall masonry and the timber. The larger the slope angle, the thicker the Mauerlat beam should be.
  Do-it-yourself installation of the Mauerlat must be taken responsibly, be sure to use building level(horizontal requirements must be met). The shed roof device involves fastening the beam to the walls with anchor bolts, the distance between them should be about a meter and a half.

  

• Now comes the turn of laying the rafter boards. Make sure that the length of the board is more than the span of the roof by about half a meter.
  The distance between these boards depends on the severity of the covering material, if sheet options are provided, then 150 cm will be enough. If you are going to lay slate or tiles with your own hands, then it is better to choose a step of 100-120 cm. It is best to lay the board upside down. This will give additional strength to the entire structure. The rafters for a shed roof must be cut into the Mauerlat beam along the entire length. When you mark the insertion points with a pencil (recommended for novice builders), make sure that the future groove is slightly wider than the thickness of the board. The slope of the slot cut is responsible for what the degree of inclination will be.

  

• One of the most important stages is the installation of rafters in the grooves.
  All boards must be installed in the same way, under the same slope. For your convenience, it would be better to initially put two rafters at the beginning and at the end of the wall, and then stretch a string between them. Thus, you will get an accurate guideline, and the process itself will go much easier. To fasten the timber and rafters, use large nails (from 12 cm or more). The end of the rafter board (legs - a construction term) is attached with one side to the edge of the wall, and the other is fixed with a vertical beam. All rafter legs must be the same in terms of slope, height, direction.

  

• If you have big house and the distance between the spans exceeds 4-4.5 meters, it is necessary to install additional supporting beams (struts) under each rafter. With the application of this construction method the entire roof will be strengthened, rafter system generally.
• Boards are laid step by step on the rafters, and vapor barrier material is on them. It is placed across the rafters. The film does not need to be stretched, but the strips should overlap (10-15 cm). Where the fragments will join, for reliability it is better to use construction tape (glue the strips together).

  

• We lay the insulation on the waterproofing film. When laying there should not be any cracks, gaps. The thickness of the insulation should be at least 20 cm. This is followed by the turn of the waterproofing layer, but there should be some space between it and the insulation. To provide a gap, small wooden blocks between them. The waterproofing layer is attached with a construction stapler.
• A crate is laid on the resulting “pie”. As mentioned above, slats or bars 50 by 50 are used for its manufacture, they are mounted across the rafters. Arrange as you like - a continuous canvas or at intervals.

Roof lathing with a solid canvas, photo

After the lathing, the final roofing is laid, its installation is carried out according to individual building features.

Qualitatively laid, fixed rafters do not bend under a weight of 70-100 kg. If this fact was discovered during installation, then it is necessary to reinforce the frame.

The technology of laying the layers of the "pie" may vary due to certain circumstances, have some additions. Sometimes, for greater reliability, the waterproofing layer is re-placed on top of the insulation. It will not be worse from this, but in all cases special attention should be paid to fastening.

It is best to nail the film to wooden structural elements using flat-head nails or a construction stapler, the step frequency should be 15-20 cm.

One of the most important points is to secure the edges of the waterproofing material. It is brought under the roof overhang, the residual length must be at least 20 cm, after which it is nailed from below or, again, passed with a stapler.

It is best to take a wooden lath and knock it out with appropriate nails (in increments of 10-15 cm) - this is the so-called "folk" method of arranging a pitched roof. Thus, you will be sure that air currents will not penetrate under the waterproofing film, will not cause large-scale damage when strong winds invade.

Errors fixing the edges of the garage roof, photo

In the photo above, the edges (overhang) of the roof were not securely fixed. In a strong wind, the sheet of the metal profile, together with the waterproofing film, was easily thrown aside, like a light rag.

Shed roof - extension to the house

Garage as an outbuilding

For garages, sheds, bathhouses, gazebos, this type of roof is most convenient. The shed roof structure provides a number of advantages for so-called auxiliary buildings.

Fastening the truss frame to the wall of the house

If we consider the extension step by step, it will become clear that its roof is adjacent to the wall of a residential building. Thus, its truss system is arranged separately from the house. The lower ends of the rafters are located on the front wall of the extension, but the upper ends are attached to the building itself. Here it is very important to ensure the proper connection of the truss frame of the extension and the main wall of the house. It is also undesirable to use too rigid fasteners, because the rate of shrinkage of the house and the attached building can be different. Because of this difference, cracks in the walls can then form.

In this case, it will be most convenient to lay the beams on a timber frame that is adjacent to the house (attached to the wall). And the very place (seam) between the timber and the wall should be filled with polyurethane sealant. It is necessary to lay roofing material on the roof of the extension with an overlap, and also to start at the junction under the covering of the house. This must be done so that later precipitation does not seep through the junction. Usually, a similar roofing material is used on the roof of the house and extension - for aesthetic reasons.

If you decide to build a barn with a shed roof, then the arrangement of the roofing system will not differ significantly from the phased construction method described above.

It happens that sheds are built from timber. In such cases, the top of the log house acts as a Mauerlat. Otherwise, there is one significant difference in the truss system pitched roofs There are no different buildings.

Video how to quickly make a simple winter pen for horses:

A shed roof for a garage is made using a similar method.

If the walls of the garage are built of brick, then the edges of the beams, rafter boards are embedded in the niches equipped for this. They are made in advance in the walls and negotiated at the design stages of the building. Wooden fragments are recommended to be wrapped with a waterproofing coating before being buried in these niches. At the same time, the interval of the rafters is 60-70 cm. The facade wall of the garage is high. From it there is a slope down to the back of the building, the entrance gate is located in it. The roof should protrude 30-40 cm from the wall, form a small overhang.

Taking into account the above information, it becomes clear that this version of the roof is practical, functional, structurally simple. A do-it-yourself shed roof can withstand powerful wind and snow loads. Such a roof will be warm, due to the small area for air penetration. If you did everything right, then it will faithfully serve you for more than a dozen years.

Today farms from profile pipe are rightfully considered the ideal solution for the construction of a garage, residential building and outbuildings. Strong and durable, these designs are inexpensive, quick to build, and can be handled by anyone with a modicum of math and cutting and welding skills. And how to choose the right profile, calculate the farm, make jumpers in it and install, we will now tell you in detail. For this we have prepared for you detailed master classes making such farms, video tutorials and valuable tips from our experts!

Stage I. We design the farm and its elements

So what is a farm? This is a structure that ties the supports together into one single whole. In other words, the farm belongs to simple architectural structures, among the valuable advantages of which we highlight the following: high strength, excellent performance, low cost and good resistance to deformations and external loads.

Due to the fact that such trusses have a high bearing capacity, they are placed under any roofing materials, regardless of their weight.

The use in the construction of metal trusses from new or rectangular closed profiles is considered one of the most rational and constructive solutions. And for good reason:

1. The main secret is in savings due to the rational shape of the profile and the connection of all elements of the lattice.
2. Another valuable advantage of profile pipes for use in their manufacture of trusses is equal stability in two planes, excellent streamlining and ease of use.
3. With all their low weight, such trusses can withstand serious loads!

Roof trusses differ in the shape of the belts, the type of section of the rods and the types of lattice. And with the right approach, you can independently weld and install a truss from a profile pipe of any complexity! Even this one:

Stage II. We acquire a quality profile

So, before drafting future farms, you first need to decide on such important points:

• contours, size and shape of the future roof;
• material for the manufacture of the upper and lower chords of the truss, as well as its lattice;

Remember one simple thing: the profile pipe frame has so-called balance points, which are important to determine for the stability of the entire truss. And it is very important to choose high-quality material for this load:

Farms are built from a profile pipe of such types of sections: rectangular or square. These are available in different section sizes and diameters, with different wall thicknesses:

• We recommend those that are specially sold for small buildings: these go up to 4.5 meters long and have a section of 40x20x2 mm.
• If you will make farms longer than 5 meters, then choose a profile with parameters 40x40x2 mm.
• For a full-scale construction of the roof of a residential building, you will need profile pipes with the following parameters: 40x60x3 mm.

The stability of the entire structure is directly proportional to the thickness of the profile, so do not use pipes for the manufacture of trusses, which are intended only for welding racks and frames - here are other characteristics. Also pay attention to which method the product was manufactured: by electric welding, hot-formed or cold-formed.

If you undertake to make such trusses on your own, then take square-section blanks - it is easiest to work with them. Get a square profile 3-5 mm thick, which will be strong enough and close in its characteristics to metal bars. But if you will make a farm just for a visor, then you can give preference to a more budget option.

Be sure to consider snow and wind loads in your area when designing. After all great importance when choosing a profile (in terms of the load on it), it has an angle of inclination of the trusses:

You can more accurately design a truss from a profile pipe using online calculators.

We only note that the simplest design of a profile pipe truss consists of several vertical posts and horizontal levels on which roof rafters can be attached. You can buy such a frame ready-made on your own, even on order in any city in Russia.

Stage III. We calculate the internal stress of the trusses

The most important and responsible task is to correctly calculate the truss from the profile pipe and select the desired format of the internal lattice. To do this, we need a calculator or something similar to it. software, as well as some tabular data of SNiPs, which for this:

• SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads).
• SNiP p-23-81 (data on steel structures).

Please review these documents if possible.

Roof shape and slope

The farm is needed for which specific roof? Shed, gable, domed, arched or hipped? The easiest option, of course, is the manufacture of a standard shed canopy. But you can also calculate and manufacture quite complex farms yourself:

A standard truss consists of such important elements as the upper and lower chords, racks, braces and auxiliary struts, which are also called sprengels. Inside the trusses there is a grid system; welds, rivets, special paired materials and scarves are used to connect pipes.

And, if you are going to make a roof with a complex shape, then such trusses will be an ideal option for it. It is very convenient to make them according to a template right on the ground, and only then lift them up.

Most often in the construction of a small country house, a garage or a change house, the so-called Polonso trusses are used - a special design of triangular trusses connected by puffs, and the lower belt here comes out raised.

In fact, in this case, in order to increase the height of the structure, the lower chord is made broken, and then it is 0.23 of the flight length. For the interior space of the room is very convenient.

So, in total there are three main options for making a truss, depending on the slope of the roof:

• from 6 to 15°;
• from 15 to 20°;
• from 22 to 35°.

What is the difference you ask? For example, if the angle of the structure is small, only up to 15 °, then it is rational to make the trusses in a trapezoidal shape. And at the same time, it is quite possible to reduce the weight of the structure itself, taking in height from 1/7 to 1/9 of the total flight length.

Those. follow this rule: less weight, the greater the height of the truss should be. But if we already have a complex geometric shape, then you need to choose a different type of truss and gratings.

Types of trusses and roof shapes

Here is an example of specific trusses for each type of roof (single, double, complex):

Let's look at the types of farms:

• triangular trusses are a classic for making the base for steep roof slopes or sheds. The cross section of pipes for such trusses must be selected taking into account the weight roofing materials, as well as the operation of the building itself. Triangular trusses are good because they have simple shapes, are easy to calculate and execute. They are valued for under-roofing providing natural light. But we also note the disadvantages: these are additional profiles and long rods in the central segments of the lattice. And also here you will have to face some difficulties when welding sharp reference corners.
• The next view is polygonal farms from a profile pipe. They are indispensable for the construction of large areas. Their welding is already of a more complex shape, and therefore they are not designed for lightweight structures. But such trusses are distinguished by greater metal savings and strength, which is especially good for hangars with large spans.
• It is also considered strong truss with parallel belts. Such a farm differs from others in that it has all the details - repeating, with the same length of rods, belts and gratings. That is, there are a minimum of joints, and therefore it is easiest to calculate and cook one from a profile pipe.
• A separate species is single slope trapezoidal truss supported by columns. Such a farm is ideal when a rigid fixation of the structure is necessary. She has slopes (braces) on the sides and there are no long rods of the upper crate. Suitable for roofs where reliability is especially important.

Here is an example of making trusses from a profile pipe as a universal option that is suitable for any garden buildings. It's about about triangular trusses, and you've probably seen them many times before:

A triangular truss with a crossbar is also quite simple, and is quite suitable for building gazebos and change houses:

And here arched farms are already much more difficult to manufacture, although they have a number of valuable advantages:

Your main task is to center the elements of the metal truss from the center of gravity in all directions, in simple terms, to minimize the load and correctly distribute it.

Therefore, choose the type of farm that is more suitable for this purpose. In addition to those listed above, a scissor truss, asymmetric, U-shaped, two-hinged, a truss with parallel belts and an attic truss with and without supports are also popular. As well as attic view farms:

You will be interested to know that a certain design of the internal lattices of trusses is selected not at all for aesthetic reasons, but for quite practical ones: for the shape of the roof, the geometry of the ceiling and the calculation of loads.

You need to design your farm in such a way that all forces are concentrated specifically in the nodes. Then there will be no bending moments in the belts, braces and trusses - they will only work in compression and tension. And then the cross section of such elements is reduced to the required minimum, while significantly saving on the material. And the farm itself, to everything, you can easily make articulated.

Otherwise, the force distributed over the rods will constantly act on the truss, and a bending moment will appear, in addition to the total stress. And here then it is important to correctly calculate the maximum bending values ​​for each individual rod.

Then the cross section of such rods should be larger than if the truss itself was loaded with point forces. To summarize: trusses, on which the distributed load acts evenly, are made of short elements with hinged nodes.

Let's see what is the advantage of one or another type of lattice in terms of load distribution:

• triangular Lattice systems are always used in trusses with parallel chords and trapezoidal truss. Its main advantage is that it gives the smallest total grating length.
• Diagonal the system is good at low truss heights. But the consumption of material for it is considerable, because here the entire path of effort goes through the nodes and rods of the lattice. Therefore, when designing, it is important to lay as many rods as possible so that the long elements are stretched and the racks are compressed.
• Another view - trussed lattice. It is made in case of loads of the upper belt, as well as when it is necessary to reduce the length of the lattice itself. Here, the advantage is to maintain the optimal distance between the elements of all transverse structures, which, in turn, allows you to maintain a normal distance between the runs, which will be a practical moment for the installation of roof elements. But creating such a lattice with your own hands is a rather laborious task with additional metal costs.
• cruciform the lattice allows you to distribute the load on the farm in both directions at once.
• Another type of grid cross where the braces are attached directly to the truss wall.
• And finally semi-diagonal and rhombic lattices, the most rigid of the listed. Here two systems of braces interact at once.

We have prepared an illustration for you, where we have collected all types of trusses and their lattices together:

Here is an example of how a triangular lattice truss is made:

Making a truss with a diagonal lattice looks like this:

This is not to say that one of the types of trusses is definitely better or worse than the other - each of them is valuable for less material consumption, lighter weight, bearing capacity and fastening method. The figure is responsible for which load scheme will act on it. And the weight of the truss will directly depend on the type of lattice chosen, appearance and laboriousness of its production.

We also note such an unusual version of the manufacture of a farm, when it itself becomes a part or support for another, wooden one:

Stage IV. We manufacture and install farms

We will give you some valuable tips on how to weld such farms on your own without much difficulty right on your site:

• Option one: you can contact the factory, and they will make to order all the necessary individual elements according to your drawing, which you will only have to weld on the spot.
• The second option: purchase a ready-made profile. Then you will only have to sheathe the trusses from the inside with boards or plywood, and in between lay insulation if necessary. But this method will cost, of course, more expensive.

Here, for example, is a good video tutorial on how to lengthen a pipe by welding and achieve the perfect geometry:

Here is also a very helpful video on how to cut a pipe at a 45° angle:

So, now we come directly to the assembly of the farms themselves. The following step-by-step instructions will help you deal with this:

• Step 1: Prepare the trusses first. It is better to weld them in advance directly on the ground.
• Step 2. Install vertical supports for future farms. It is imperative that they are truly vertical, so test them with a plumb line.
• Step 3. Now take the longitudinal pipes and weld them to the support posts.
• Step 4 Raise the trusses and weld them to the longitudinal pipes. After that, it is important to clean all junctions.
• Step 5. Paint the finished frame with special paint, having previously cleaned and degreased it. In this case, pay special attention to the junctions of the profile pipes.

What else do those who make such farms at home face? First, consider in advance the support tables on which you will lay the truss. far from the best way throw it on the ground - it will be very inconvenient to work.

Therefore, it is better to put small support bridges that will be slightly wider than the lower and upper chords of the truss. After all, you will manually measure and insert jumpers between the belts, and it is important that they do not fall to the ground.

Next important point: profile pipe trusses are heavy in weight, and therefore you will need the help of at least one more person. In addition, help will not hurt in such tedious and painstaking work as sanding metal before cooking.

Also, in some designs, you have to combine different types of trusses in order to attach the roof to the wall of the building:

Also keep in mind that you will need to cut farms a lot, for all elements, and therefore we advise you to either purchase or build homemade machine like the one in our master class. Here is how it works:

In this way, step by step, you will draw up a drawing, calculate the truss lattice, make blanks and weld the structure already in place. Moreover, you will also have the remains of profile pipes in your consumption, therefore, you will not need to throw anything away - all this will be needed for the secondary parts of the canopy or hangar!

Stage V. We clean and paint finished trusses

After you install the trusses in their permanent place, be sure to treat them with anti-corrosion compounds and paint with polymer paints. Ideal for this purpose paint, which is durable and resistant to ultraviolet radiation:

That's all, the profile pipe farm is ready! All that remains is the finishing work on sheathing the trusses from the inside with finishing and from the outside with roofing material:

Believe me, making a metal truss from a profile pipe is really not difficult for you. A well-designed drawing, high-quality welding of a truss from a profile pipe and the desire to do everything correctly and accurately play a huge role.

• Truss structures from a profile pipe
• Canopy calculation
• Recommendations for right choice and production of tubular metal structures

When the construction area is large enough, the issue of ensuring the reliability and strength of the structure is of particular importance. There is a need to strengthen the rafter system, the rafters of which could cover rather long spans.
Farms from a profile pipe are metal structures assembled using lattice rods. The manufacture of metal trusses is a more labor-intensive process than in the case of solid beams, but more economical. In production, paired material is used, and scarves are used as a connecting part. The entire structure is assembled using welding or riveting.

With their help, it is possible to block spans of any length, however, it is worth noting that a competent calculation is required for proper installation. Then, under the condition of high-quality welding work, it remains only in the future to transfer the pipe assemblies to the top and mount them along the upper trim, according to the markings.

Bearing farms from a profile pipe have many undeniable advantages:

• minimum weight;
• they are durable;
• hardy;
• the nodes are very strong, therefore they are able to withstand high loads;
• with their help, you can build structures with complex geometry;
• allow you to save money, since the prices for the manufacture of metal structures from a profile pipe are quite acceptable for solving a wide range of tasks.

The division of these structures into specific types is based on different parameters. Let's start with the main -

• The number of belts.

Distinguish:

• supports, the components of which are located in a single plane;
• hanging, they include two belts, according to their location they are called, respectively, lower, upper.

The first parameter is:

• arched trusses from a profile pipe,
• are also straight ;
• single-sided or double-sided.

In accordance with the contour, there are:

• having a parallel belt. This is the best option for arranging soft roof. Such a support is assembled very simply, since its components are identical parts and, importantly, the dimensions of the lattice coincide with the dimensions of the rods for the belt;

• lean-to. Differ in rigid knots which allow to perceive considerable external loadings. Their construction takes a small amount of material, so these designs are quite economical;
• polygonal. Although they are able to withstand a lot of weight, however, their installation is laborious and rather complicated;
• triangular. They are practically indispensable when constructing roofs with a large angle of inclination. Their only disadvantage is a large amount of waste during construction.

• Tilt angle. Typical trusses from a profile pipe are divided into three groups:

• 22°- 30°. The height and length of the metal structure in this case are related as one to five. This is the best option for covering small spans in domestic construction. Their main advantage is their low weight. Most of all, triangular ones are suitable for such an analogue.

For spans having a length of more than 14 m, braces are used, which are installed from top to bottom. A panel is placed along the upper belt (about 150 - 250 cm in length). Thus, with these initial data, we have a design that includes two belts. The number of panels is even.

If the span exceeds 20 m, then there is a need for a sub-rafter metal structure connected by supporting columns.

A special mention is the so-called Polonso farm. It consists of two triangular systems connected to one another through a puff. This design solution avoids the installation of long braces in the middle panels, which leads to a significant reduction in overall weight.

• 15°-22°. The ratio of height and length in this case is one to seven. The largest allowable length for a similar frame is 20 m. If, according to the operating conditions, it is necessary to increase its height, then the lower belt is broken.
• less than 15°. In such projects, it is recommended to use trapezoidal metal rafters. The presence of short struts in them contributes to an increase in resistance to buckling.

Attention!

Farms from a profile pipe for a shed roof with a slope angle of 6–10 ° should have an asymmetric shape.

Heights are determined by dividing the span length into seven, eight or nine parts, taking as a basis the features of a given design.

Canopy calculation

Calculations are based on the requirements of SNiP:

A mandatory component of any calculation and subsequent installation of the structure is a drawing.

A diagram is being prepared indicating the relationship between the length of the metal structure and the slope of the roof.

• It also takes into account the outlines of the support belts. The contour of the belt is determined by the purpose of the structure, the type of roofing and the angle of inclination.
• When choosing sizes, as a rule, they follow the principle of economy, unless, of course, CTs require otherwise. The height of the structure is determined by the type of floor, the minimum total weight, the possibility of movement, while the length is determined by the established slope.

With a truss length of more than 36 m, a construction lift is additionally calculated.

• The dimensions of the panels are calculated taking into account the loads perceived by the structure. At the same time, it should be remembered that the angles of the braces for different metal rafters are different, but the panel must correspond to them. For a triangular lattice, the desired angle is 45°, for an oblique one - 35°.
• Completes the calculation by determining the gap between nodes. It usually corresponds to the width of the panel.

Calculations are performed taking into account the fact that an increase in height leads to an increase in the bearing capacity. On such a canopy, the snow cover will not linger. One of the ways to strengthen trusses from a profile pipe is to install several strong stiffeners.

To determine the dimensions of the metal structure for canopies, follow the following data:

• for structures with a width of not more than 4.5 m, use products measuring 40 by 20 by 2 mm;
• less than 5.5 m - 40 by 40 by 2 mm;
• over 5.5 m, products with a size of 40 by 40 by 3 mm or 60 by 30 by 2 mm will be optimal.

When calculating the step, it is necessary to take into account that the greatest possible distance from one canopy support to another is 1.7 m. If this limitation is violated, the strength and reliability of the structure will be in question.

When the necessary parameters are fully obtained, with the help of formulas and special programs, an appropriate design scheme is obtained. Now it remains to think about how to weld the farm correctly.

On a note

The calculations should take into account:

• purchase price of one ton of metal;
• prices for the manufacture of metal structures from a profile pipe (or you can sum up the costs for welding, anti-corrosion treatment, installation, taken separately).

Recommendations for the correct selection and manufacture of tubular metal structures

• When choosing a standard size, it is advisable to opt for rectangular or square products, since the existing two stiffeners will provide the finished metal structure with the greatest stability.
• Use only high-quality products made of high-carbon alloy steel, which does not corrode and is resistant to aggressive environmental influences. The wall thickness and diameter are selected in accordance with those laid down in the project. Thus, the required bearing capacity of the metal rafters will be ensured.
• To connect the main components of the farm to each other, tacks and paired corners are used.
• In the upper belt, for closing the frame, versatile I-beams are needed, and the docking is performed on the smaller side.
• To pair the parts of the lower belt, equilateral corners are used.
• The main parts of long structures are connected by overhead plates.

• The braces are set at 45 degrees, and the racks are set at right angles. Having completed the assembly of the main structure, they proceed to welding the truss from the profile pipe. Each of the welds must be checked for quality, since they determine the reliability of the future structure. After welding is completed, metal rafters are treated with special anti-corrosion compounds and coated with paint.

Making metal trusses for a canopy on video.

© 2018 stylekrov.ru

Canopy made of pipes and polycarbonate is becoming more and more popular architectural form on the personal plot. No wonder, because this building can perform many functions, ranging from an open garage for a car, a wood warehouse, a covered playground and ending with a seating area with a barbecue and easy chairs.

The key advantage is the ability to make such a design with your own hands. The presented article will give recommendations on the choice of material, examples of calculations of supports and trusses, and how to weld a canopy from a profile pipe.

Calculation of the optimal shape of the canopy

The length of the rafter depends on the angle of the truss. For different angles, it is optimal to use different roofing materials:

• 22-30 - the optimal angle of inclination for buildings in areas with significant snow loads. As a design of a canopy from a profile pipe with such an angle, it provides a predominantly triangular shape. It is optimal for asbestos straight and corrugated sheets, various types metal profile and eternite roofing.
• 15-22 - are also gable with metal types roofing. This angle of inclination is typical for regions with increased wind loads. The maximum span of a triangular truss with such an angle is 20 m.
• 6-15 - mainly single-pitched trapezoidal trusses with a polycarbonate coating and corrugated board.

Shed canopy from a profile pipe, photo of a building with a corrugated roof

The calculation of a canopy made of polycarbonate from a profile pipe is carried out in accordance with SNiP P-23-81 " Steel structures"and SNiP 2.01.07-85" Loads and impacts ".

Technological requirements for the farm and the calculation sequence is as follows. In accordance with the terms of reference, the required span is determined. According to the presented scheme, we substitute the dimensions of the span and determine the height of the structure. The angle of inclination of the truss and the optimal shape of the roof of the canopy are set. Accordingly, the contours of the upper and lower chords of the truss, the general outlines and the type of roofing are determined.

Important! The maximum distance at which trusses are placed in the manufacture of a canopy from a profile pipe is 1.75 m.

Scheme of the dependence of the length of the rafters on the angle of the roof when calculating a truss from a profile pipe for a canopy

Profile selection

As a material for assembling a truss truss, you can use channels, tees, corners and other profiled rolled products that are made of steel grade St3SP or 09G2S (in accordance with GOST). However, all these materials have a significant drawback compared to profiled pipes - they are much heavier and thicker with comparable strength characteristics.

The dimensions of the frame elements for a canopy from a profile pipe depend on the dimensions of the building. In accordance with GOST 23119-78 and GOST 23118-99 for creating a canopy from a square pipe with my own hands use the following materials:

• For compact buildings with a span width of up to 4.5 m - 40x20x2 mm;
• Structures of medium size with a span of up to 5.5 m are made of a professional pipe 40x40x2mm;
• Buildings of considerable size with spans of more than 5.5 m are mounted from profile pipes of various sections 40x40x3 mm or 60x30x2mm.
• The size of the rack for a canopy from a professional pipe is 80 80 by 3 mm.

Drawings, dimensions and main connections

Before proceeding with the assembly of a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, it is necessary to draw a detailed plan of the entire structure, indicating the exact dimensions of all elements. This will help calculate the exact amount of materials of each type and calculate the cost of construction.

Drawing of a canopy from a profile pipe indicating the main overall dimensions

In addition, it is desirable to make an additional drawing of the most complex structures. In this case, this is a shed truss and the attachment points of its main elements.

Scheme for the manufacture of a truss from a profile pipe for a canopy with the main fasteners

One of the main advantages of a profile pipe is the possibility of a beadless connection. This is manifested in the simplicity of design and low cost of the truss with a rafter span of up to 30 m. At the same time, the roofing material can rest directly on the upper chord of the truss, provided it is sufficiently rigid.

Mounting points for assembling a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, in the photo a - a triangular lattice, b - support, c - diagonal lattice

The advantages of a bevelled welded joint are:

• A significant reduction in the weight of the truss, compared with riveted or bolted structures, up to 20% and 25%, respectively.
• Reducing labor costs and manufacturing costs, both for single items and for small-scale production.
• Low cost of welding and the ability to automate the process by using machines with a continuous wire feeder.
• Equal strength of the weld and the products to be joined.

Among the shortcomings can be noted:

• The need to have rather expensive equipment;
• Welding experience required.

Bolted connections in the manufacture of products from a profile pipe are quite common. Usually they are used in collapsible canopies from a profile pipe or in products manufactured for mass consumption.

Bolted connections are the easiest for mounting a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, photo of the attached frame element

The main advantages of such compounds are:

• Ease of assembly;
• No need for additional equipment;
• Possibility of complete dismantling of the structure.

Disadvantages:

• The weight of the structure increases;
• Required additional details fasteners;
• The strength and reliability of bolted joints is somewhat lower than welded ones.

Summing up

The article examined the design and methods of manufacturing the simplest shed canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands, however, a profiled pipe is a rather “flexible” material from which complex and aesthetically attractive designs can be made.

A complex structure for creating a canopy from a professional pipe with your own hands, a photo of a shed, domed structure

Canopies on a metal frame make life easier. They will protect the car from bad weather, cover summer veranda, gazebo. They will replace the roof of the workshop or the canopy over the entrance. Turning to professionals, you will get any kind of canopy. But many will cope with the installation work themselves. True, you will need an accurate calculation of the farm from the profile pipe. You can not do without the appropriate equipment and materials. Of course, welding and cutting skills are also needed.

frame material

The basis of the canopies is steel, polymers, wood, aluminum, reinforced concrete. But, more often, the frame is made up of metal trusses from a profile pipe. This material is hollow, relatively light, but durable. In section it looks like:

• rectangle;
• square;
• oval (as well as semi- and flat-oval figure);
• polyhedron.

When welding from a truss profile pipe, a square or rectangular section is often chosen. These profiles are easier to process.

Variety of pipe profiles

Permissible loads depend on the wall thickness, metal grade, manufacturing method. The material is often high-quality structural steel (1-3ps/sp, 1-2ps(sp)). For special needs, low-alloy alloys and galvanizing are used.

The length of profile pipes usually ranges from 6 m for small sections to 12 m for large ones. Minimum parameters from 10×10×1 mm and 15×15×1.5 mm. With an increase in the wall thickness, the strength of the profiles increases. For example, on sections 50 × 50 × 1.5 mm, 100 × 100 × 3 mm and more. Products of maximum dimensions (300 × 300 × 12 mm or more) are more suitable for industrial buildings.

As for the parameters of the frame elements, there are the following recommendations:

• for small-sized canopies (up to 4.5 m wide), pipe material with a section of 40 × 20 × 2 mm is used;
• if the width is up to 5.5 m, parameters 40 × 40 × 2 mm are recommended;
• for canopies of larger sizes, it is advised to take pipes 40 × 40 × 3 mm, 60 × 30 × 2 mm.

What is a farm

The farm is called the core system, the basis building structure. It consists of rectilinear elements connected at nodes. For example, we consider the design of a truss from a profile pipe, in which there is no misalignment of the rods and there are no off-nodal loads. Then in her constituent parts only tensile and compressive forces will occur. The mechanics of this system allows it to remain geometrically unchanged when replacing rigidly attached nodes with articulated ones.

An example of a welded rod system

The farm consists of the following elements:

• upper belt;
• lower belt;
• stand perpendicular to the axis;
• brace (or brace), inclined to the axis;
• auxiliary support brace (sprengel).

Lattice system can be triangular, diagonal, semi-diagonal, cross. For connection, scarves, paired materials, rivets, welds are used.

Mounting options in knots

The manufacture of trusses from a profile pipe involves the assembly of a belt with certain outlines. By type they are:

• segment;
• polygonal;
• gable (or trapezoidal);
• with parallel belts;
• triangular (d-i);
• with a raised broken lower belt;
• lean-to;
• console.

Types according to the outlines of the belts

Some systems are easier to install, others are more economical in terms of material consumption, and others are easier in terms of supporting nodes.

Fundamentals of Farm Calculation

Influence of tilt angle

The choice of the design of canopy trusses from a profile pipe is associated with the slope of the designed structure. There are three possible options:

• from 6° to 15°;
• from 15° to 22°;
• from 22° to 35°.

With a minimum angle (6°-15°), trapezoidal outlines of the belts are recommended. To reduce weight, a height of 1/7 or 1/9 of the total span length is allowed. When designing a sloping canopy of complex geometric shape, it is necessary to raise it in the middle part above the supports. Take advantage of the Polonso farms recommended by many experts. They are a system of two triangles connected by a puff. If you need a tall structure, it is better to choose a polygonal structure with a raised lower chord.

When the slope angle exceeds 20°, the height should be 1/7 of the total span length. The latter reaches 20 m. To increase the structure, the lower belt is made broken. Then the increase will be up to 0.23 span length. Tabular data is used to calculate the required parameters.

Table for determining the slope of the truss system

With a slope of more than 22 °, calculations are carried out according to special programs. Canopies of this kind are more often used for roofing made of slate, metal and similar materials. Here, triangular trusses from a profile pipe are used with their height of 1/5 of the entire length of the span.

The greater the angle of inclination, the less precipitation and heavy snow will accumulate on the canopy. The bearing capacity of the system increases with its height. Additional stiffening ribs are provided for additional strength.

Base Angle Options

To understand how to calculate a truss from a profile pipe, it is imperative to find out the parameters of the base nodes. For example, span dimensions should normally be specified in terms of reference. The number of panels, their dimensions are pre-assigned. Compute optimal height(H) in the middle of the span.

• If the belts are parallel, polygonal, trapezoidal, H=1/8×L, where L is the length of the truss. The top belt should have a slope of about 1/8xL or 1/12xL.
• For triangular type, on average, H=1/4×L or H=1/5×L.

Lattice braces should have a slope of approximately 45° (within 35°-50°).

Take advantage of ready standard project, then you don't have to calculate

In order for the canopy to be reliable and last for a long time, its project requires accurate calculations. After the calculation, materials are purchased, and then the frame is mounted. There is a more costly way - to purchase ready-made modules and assemble the structure on site. Another option is more difficult - to do the calculations yourself. Then you will need data from special reference books on SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads), as well as SNiP P-23-81 (data on steel structures). You need to do the following.

1. Decide on the block diagram in accordance with the functions of the canopy, the angle of inclination, the material of the rods.
2. Select options. Take into account the relationship between the height and minimum weight of the roof, its material and type, slope.
3. Calculate the panel dimensions of the structure according to the distance of the individual parts responsible for the transfer of loads. The distance between adjacent nodes is determined, usually equal to the width of the panel. If the span is more than 36 m, the building lift is calculated - the reverse extinguishing bend, which acts due to the loads on the structure.

Among the methods for calculating statically determinate trusses, one of the simplest is cutting out nodes (areas where the rods are hinged). Other options are the Ritter method, the Henneberg rod replacement method. As well as a graphical solution by drawing up a Maxwell-Cremona diagram. In modern computer programs, the method of cutting nodes is more often used.

For a person who has knowledge of mechanics and strength of materials, it is not so difficult to calculate all this. The rest should take into account that the service life and safety of the canopy depend on the accuracy of the calculations and the magnitude of the errors. It might be better to contact the experts. Or choose an option from ready-made design solutions, where you can simply substitute your values. When it is clear what kind is needed roof truss from a profile pipe, a drawing for it will surely be found on the Internet.

Significant Site Selection Factors

If the canopy belongs to a house or other building, it will require official permission, which will also have to be taken care of.

First, a site is selected where the structure will be located. What is taken into account?

1. Constant loads (fixed weight of lathing, roofing and other materials).
2. Variable loads (impact of climatic factors: wind, precipitation, including snow).
3. A special type of load (is there seismic activity in the region, storms, hurricanes, etc.).

Also important are the characteristics of the soil, the influence of nearby buildings. The designer must take into account all significant factors and clarifying coefficients that are included in the calculation algorithm. If you plan to do the calculations on your own, use 3D Max, Arkon, AutoCAD or similar programs. There is a calculation option in online versions of building calculators. Be sure to find out for the intended project the recommended step between the bearing supports, the crate. As well as the parameters of materials and their quantity.

An example of a software calculation for a canopy covered with polycarbonate

Sequence of work

The assembly of the frame from metal profiles should be carried out only by a specialist in welding work. This responsible business requires knowledge and skillful handling of the tool. It is necessary not only to understand how to weld a truss from a profile pipe. It is important which nodes are more correct to assemble on the ground, and only then raise them to the supports. If the structure is heavy, equipment will be required for installation.

Usually the installation process takes place in the following sequence:

1. Area marking is in progress. Embedded parts, vertical supports are installed. Often, metal pipes are immediately placed in the pits, and then concreted. The verticality of the installation is checked by a plumb line. To control parallelism, a cord or thread is stretched between the extreme racks, the rest are set along the resulting line.
2. Longitudinal pipes are fixed to the supports by welding.
3. On the ground, nodes and elements of trusses are welded. With the help of braces and jumpers, the belts of the structure are connected. Then the blocks should be raised to the desired height. They are welded to the longitudinal pipes in the areas where the vertical supports are placed. Longitudinal lintels are welded between the trusses along the slope for further fastening of the roofing material. They make holes for fasteners.
4. All connecting areas are carefully cleaned. Especially the upper edges of the frame, where the roof will lie in the future. The surface of the profiles is cleaned, degreased, treated with a primer and painted.

Using the finished project, you will quickly start assembling the canopy

Experts advise to perform such responsible work only with relevant experience. It is not enough to know in theory how to properly weld a truss from a profile pipe. Having done something wrong, ignoring the nuances, the home master risks. The canopy will collapse and collapse. Everything that will be under it will suffer - cars or people. So take your knowledge to heart!

Video: how to weld a truss from a profile pipe

Metal trusses from a profile pipe are metal structures, the assembly of which is carried out by means of lattice metal rods. Their manufacture is a rather complicated and time-consuming process, but the result usually justifies expectations. An important advantage can be called the cost-effectiveness of the resulting design. In the production process, paired metal and scarves are often used as connecting metal parts. The further assembly process is based on riveting or welding.

Advantages of metal structures

A metal truss has many advantages. With their help, you can easily block the span of any length. However, it should be understood that correct installation involves the primary competent calculation of the farm from the profile pipe. In this case, it will be possible to be sure of the quality of the created metal structure. It is also worth sticking to the planned plans, drawing and markings so that the product turns out in accordance with the requirements.

The benefits of this product do not end there. The following advantages can also be distinguished:

1. The durability of a metal product.
2. Light weight when compared to other similar designs.
3. Endurance.
4. Resistance to damage and negative environmental factors.
5. Strong knots that contribute to resistance to any type of load.
6. Opportunity to save money through self assembly, since the finished metal product is not cheap.
   

Structural features of trusses

The profile pipe truss has characteristics which should be remembered in advance. Based on the division, certain parameters can be distinguished. The main value is the number of belts. The following types can be distinguished:




The second important parameter, without which a farm drawing cannot be created, is the contours and shape. Depending on the latter, straight, gable or single-slope, arched trusses can be distinguished. Along the contour, metal structures can also be divided into several options. The first is designs with a parallel belt. They are considered optimal solution to create a soft roof. The metal support is extremely simple, and its components are identical, the grille is the same size as the rods, making installation an easy job.

The second option is single-pitched metal structures. They are based on rigid knots that provide resistance to external loads. The creation of such a design is distinguished by the economy of the material and, accordingly, low costs. The third type is polygonal farms. They are distinguished by a long and rather complicated installation, and the ability to withstand a lot of weight becomes an advantage. The fourth option is triangular trusses from a profile pipe. They are used if it is planned to create a metal truss with a large angle of inclination, but the disadvantage will be the presence of waste after construction.


The next important parameter is the angle of inclination. Depending on it, metal trusses from profile pipes are divided into three main groups. The first group includes metal structures with an angle of inclination of 22-30 degrees. In this case, the length and height of the product are represented by a ratio of 1:5. Among the advantages of such a metal structure, one can single out a slight weight. Most often, metal triangular trusses are created this way.

In this case, it may be necessary to use braces mounted from top to bottom if the span height exceeds 14 meters. A panel 150-250 cm long will be located in the upper belt. As a result, a design with two belts and an even number of panels will be obtained. Provided that the span is more than 20 meters, the under-rafter metal structure should be mounted, linking it with support columns.

The second group includes farms from square pipes or from professional pipes and other varieties, if the angle of inclination is 15-22 degrees. The ratio of height and length between themselves reaches 1:7. The maximum frame length should not exceed 20 meters. If it is necessary to increase the height, additional procedures are required, for example, a broken belt is created.

The third group includes metal structures with an inclination angle of less than 15 degrees. In these projects, a trapezoid truss system is used. They have additional short racks. This allows you to increase the resistance to longitudinal deflection. If a shed roof is mounted, the angle of inclination of which reaches 6-10 degrees, it is necessary to consider an asymmetric shape. The division of the span may vary depending on the design features, and can be up to seven, eight or nine parts.

Separately, the Polonso farm, mounted by hand, is singled out. It is represented by two triangular trusses, which are connected by a puff. This eliminates the installation of long braces, which would have to be located in the middle panels. As a result, the weight of the structure will be optimal.

How to correctly calculate the canopy?

The calculation and manufacture of trusses from a profile pipe should be based on the basic requirements that are prescribed in SNiP. When calculating, it is important to draw up a drawing of the product, without which subsequent installation will be impossible. Initially, a diagram should be prepared, which will indicate the main dependencies between the roof slope and the length of the structure as a whole. In particular, the following should be taken into account:

1. The contour of support belts. They will help determine the purpose of the metal structure, the angle of inclination and the type of roof.
2. When selecting, it is necessary to follow the principle of economy, unless the requirements imply the opposite.
3. Dimensions are calculated taking into account the loads on the structure. It is important to remember that the angles of the rafters may vary, but the panel must match them.
4. The last calculation concerns the gap between nodes. Most often, it is chosen so that it matches the width of the panel.

It should be remembered that increasing the height with your own hands will lead to an increase in bearing capacity. In this case, the snow cover will not be held on the roof. To further strengthen the metal structure, you will have to mount stiffeners. To determine the dimensions of the farm, you should be guided by the following data:

• structures up to 4.5 meters wide are mounted from parts with dimensions of 40x20x2 mm;
• products with a width of 5.5 meters are created from components measuring 40x40x2 mm;
• if the width of the structure will exceed 5.5 meters, it is optimal to choose parts 40x40x3 mm or 60x30x2 mm.

Next, you need to calculate the step, for this, the distance from one to the next support of the canopy is taken into account. Often it is standard and reaches 1.7 meters. If you break this unspoken rule, the strength of the structure may be somewhat violated. After all the required parameters are calculated, it is necessary to obtain a design diagram. To do this, use the program to achieve the required strength. Most programs have similar names to the process they are running. You can choose the program "Truss Calculation", "Truss Calculation 1.0" and other similar ones.

When calculating, be sure to take into account the cost of one ton of metal in the purchase, as well as the cost of manufacturing the metal structure itself, that is, the costs of welding, anti-corrosion treatment and installation. Now it remains to figure out how to weld a truss from a profile pipe.

In order for truss welding to be of high quality, a number of recommendations must be followed. Among them are the following:

In order for the design to turn out in accordance with the requirements, it is important to adhere to a certain algorithm of work. Initially, the site is marked. To do this, mount vertical supports and embedded parts. If necessary, metal profile pipes can be immediately placed in pits and concreted. The installation of vertical supports is verified with a plumb line, and in order to control the parallelism, they pull the cord.

• Canopies are categorized as the most simple structures, which are erected in a suburban or suburban area. They are used for a variety of purposes: as a parking lot, a storage area and many other options.

  Structurally, the canopy is extremely simple. This is

  • frame, the main element of which are trusses for canopies, which are responsible for the stability and strength of the structure;
  • coating. It is made of slate, polycarbonate, glass or profiled sheet;
  • add-on elements. As a rule, these are decoration elements that are placed inside the structure.

  The design is quite simple, besides, it weighs a little, so you can assemble it yourself right on the site.

  However, in order to get a practical correct canopy, first of all, you need to ensure its strength and long operation. To do this, you should know how to calculate a truss for a canopy, make it yourself and weld or buy ready-made ones.

  Metal trusses for canopies

  

  This design consists of two belts. The upper and lower chords are connected through braces and vertical posts. It is able to withstand significant loads. One such product, weighing from 50–100 kg, can replace metal beams three times as large in weight. With the correct calculation, the metal truss in, channels or does not deform and does not bend when exposed to loads.

  A metal frame experiences several loads at the same time, which is why it is so important to know how to calculate a metal truss in order to accurately find the balance points. Only in this way can the structure withstand even very high impacts.

  How to choose the material and cook them correctly

  

  Creation and self-installation canopies are possible with small dimensions of the structure. Farms for canopies, depending on the configuration of the belts, can be made of profiles or steel corners. For relatively small structures, it is recommended to choose profile pipes.

  Such a solution has a number of advantages:

  • The bearing capacity of a profile pipe is directly related to its thickness. Most often, a material with a square of 30-50x30-50 mm in cross section is used to assemble the frame, and for structures small size fit pipes and smaller cross-section.
  • For metal pipes characterized by great strength and at the same time that they weigh much less than a solid bar of metal.
  • Pipes are bent - the quality required when creating curved structures, for example, arched or domed.
  • The price of a canopy truss is relatively small, so buying them will not be difficult.

  On a note

  The metal frame will last much longer if it is protected from corrosion: treated with a primer and painted.

  • On such a metal frame, you can conveniently and simply lay almost any crate and roof.

  Profile connection methods

  How to weld a canopy

  Among the main advantages of shaped pipes, it should be noted a beadless connection. Thanks to this technology, a truss for spans not exceeding 30 meters is structurally simple and relatively inexpensive. If its upper belt is rigid enough, then the roofing material can be leaned directly on it.

  A gusset welded joint has a number of advantages:

  • significantly reduces the weight of the product. For comparison, we note that riveted structures weigh 20%, and bolted structures weigh 25% more.
  • reduces labor and manufacturing costs.
  • welding costs are low. Moreover, the process can be automated if you use devices that allow you to smoothly feed the welded wire.
  • the resulting seam and the attached parts are equally strong.

  Of the minuses, it should be noted the need for experience in welding.

  Bolt fastening

  Bolted connection of profile pipes is not so rare. It is mainly used for collapsible structures.

  The main advantages of this type of connection include:

  • Easy assembly;
  • No need for additional equipment;
  • Possible dismantling.

  But at the same time:

  • The weight of the product increases.
  • Additional fasteners required.
  • Bolted connections are less durable and reliable than welded ones.

  

  How to calculate a metal truss for a canopy from a profile pipe

  

  The erected structures must be rigid and strong enough to withstand various loads, therefore, before their installation, it is necessary to calculate the truss from a profile pipe for a canopy and draw up a drawing.

  When calculating, as a rule, they resort to the help of specialized programs, taking into account the requirements of SNiP (“Loads, impacts”, “Steel structures”). You can calculate a metal truss online using a metal profile canopy calculator. If you have the appropriate engineering knowledge, the calculation can be carried out with your own hands.

  On a note

  If the main design parameters are known, you can search for a suitable finished project among those posted on the Internet.

  

  Design work is carried out on the basis of the following initial:

  • Drawing. From the type of roof: single or gable, hipped or arched, depends on the configuration of the frame belts. by the most simple solution can be considered a single-pitched truss from a profile pipe.
  • Construction dimensions. The larger the trusses are installed, the greater the load they can withstand. The angle of inclination is also important: the larger it is, the easier it will be for snow to fall off the roof. For the calculation, you will need data on the extreme points of the slope and their distance from each other.
  • The dimensions of the elements of the roofing material. They play a decisive role in determining the truss spacing for a canopy, say. By the way, this is the most popular coating for structures arranged on their own sites. they are easily bent, so they are suitable for the device of curved coverings, for example, arched ones. All that matters is just how it is right calculate a canopy made of polycarbonate.

  The calculation of a metal truss from a profile pipe for a canopy is performed in a certain sequence:

  • determine the span corresponding to the terms of reference;
  • to calculate the height of the structure, according to the presented drawing, the dimensions of the span are substituted;
  • perform a slope assignment. According to the optimal shape of the roof of the structure, the contours of the belts are determined.

  On a note

  The maximum possible truss pitch for a canopy when using a profile pipe is 175 cm.

  How to make a polycarbonate truss

  

  The first step in making trusses from a profile pipe for a canopy with your own hands is to draw up a detailed plan, which must indicate the exact dimensions of each element. In addition, it is desirable to prepare an additional drawing of structurally complex parts.

  As you can see, before you make farms yourself, you need to prepare well. We note once again that while the choice of the shape of the product is guided by aesthetic considerations, then to determine the constructive type and number of constituent elements, a calculation path is required. When checking the strength of a metal structure, it is also necessary to take into account data on atmospheric loads in a given region.

  The arc is considered an extremely simplified variation of the farm. This is one profiled pipe having a round or square section.

  Obviously, this is not only the simplest solution, it is also the cheapest. However, arcs for a polycarbonate canopy have certain disadvantages. In particular, this concerns their reliability.

  

  arched canopies photo

  Let's analyze how the load is distributed in each of these options. The design of the truss provides a uniform distribution of the load, that is, the force acting on the supports will be directed, one might say, strictly down. This means that the support poles perfectly withstand compressive forces, that is, they can withstand the additional pressure of the snow cover.

  Arcs do not have such rigidity and are not able to distribute the load. To compensate for this kind of impact, they begin to unbend. As a result, there is a force placed on the supports in the upper part. If we take into account that it is applied to the center and directed horizontally, then the slightest error in the calculation of the base of the pillars will at least cause their irreversible deformation.

  An example of calculating a metal truss from a profile pipe

  The calculation of such a product involves:

  • determination of the exact height (H) and length (L) of a metal structure. The last value must exactly correspond to the span length, that is, the distance overlapping the structure. As for the height, it depends on the designed angle and contour features.

  In triangular metal structures, the height is 1/5 or ¼ part of the length, for other types with straight chords, for example, parallel or polygonal - 1/8 part.

  • The angle of the lattice braces ranges from 35–50°. On average, it is 45 °.
  • It is important to determine the optimal distance from one node to another. Usually the desired gap coincides with the width of the panel. For structures with a span length of more than 30 m, it is necessary to additionally calculate the building lift. In the process of solving the problem, it is possible to obtain the exact load on the metal structure and select the correct parameters of the profile pipes.

  

  As an example, consider the calculation of trusses of a standard shed structure 4x6 m.

  The design uses a 3 by 3 cm profile, the walls of which are 1.2 mm thick.

  The lower belt of the product has a length of 3.1 m, and the upper one - 3.90 m. Vertical racks made of the same profile pipe are installed between them. The largest of them has a height of 0.60 m. The rest are cut out in descending order. You can limit yourself to three racks, placing them from the beginning of a high slope.

  

  The sections that are formed in this case are reinforced by installing diagonal jumpers. The latter are made of a thinner profile. For example, a pipe with a cross section of 20 by 20 mm is suitable for these purposes. Racks are not needed at the point of convergence of the belts. On one product, you can limit yourself to seven braces.

  Five similar structures are used for 6 m of canopy length. They are laid in increments of 1.5 m, connecting with additional transverse jumpers made of a profile with a section of 20 by 20 mm. They are fixed to the upper belt, arranged in 0.5 m increments. Polycarbonate panels are attached directly to these jumpers.

  Calculation of the arched truss

  

  The manufacture of arched trusses also requires accurate calculations. This is due to the fact that the load placed on them will be distributed evenly only if the created arcuate elements have an ideal geometry, that is, the correct shape.

  Let's take a closer look at how to create an arched frame for a canopy with a span of 6 m (L). We will take the distance between the arches at 1.05 m. With a product height of 1.5 meters, the architectural structure will look aesthetically pleasing and will be able to withstand high loads.

  When calculating the length of the profile (mn) in the lower belt, the following sector length formula is used: π R α:180, where the values ​​of the parameters for this example in accordance with the drawing are respectively: R= 410 cm, α÷160°.

  

  After substitution we have:

  3.14 410 160:180 = 758 (cm).

  The nodes of the structure should be located on the lower chord at a distance of 0.55 m (with rounding) from each other. The position of the extremes is calculated individually.

  In cases where the span is less than 6 m, welding of complex metal structures is often replaced with a single or double beam, bending the metal profile under a given radius. Although there is no need to calculate the arched frame, however correct selection profiled pipe is still relevant. After all, the strength of the finished structure depends on its cross section.

  Calculation of an arched truss from a profile pipe online

  How to calculate the arc length for a polycarbonate canopy

  The arc length of an arch can be determined by Huygens' formula. The middle is marked on the arc, marking it with the point M, which is located on the perpendicular CM drawn to the chord AB, through its middle C. Then you need to measure the chords AB and AM.

  The length of the arc is determined by the Huygens formula: p \u003d 2l x 1/3 x (2l - L), where l is the AM chord, L is the AB chord)

  The relative error of the formula is 0.5% if the arc AB contains 60 degrees, and with a decrease in the angular measure, the error drops significantly. For an arc of 45 degrees. it is only 0.02%.

One of the most popular and simple roof designs is. When building small types of buildings at home or in a suburban area, great choice a shed roof is made by the fact that it is possible to use inexpensive roofing material as a roof, a minimum consumption of building materials and ease of installation are required.

Shed roofs are usually made during the construction of small outbuildings, garages or baths.

The choice of such a roof design will be the most optimal solution if the construction of a bath is planned for existing buildings in the form of an extension, or when it is required to organize snow dumping from the roof on a strictly defined side (for example, so that snow dumped from roofs).

Shed roof device.

According to its design, a pitched roof has, of all types of pitched roofs, perhaps the simplest design.

Due to the support of the roof on walls of different heights, in the simplest case, its slope can be carried out.

Most simple shed roof construction- beams from a bar, from wall to wall with a crate and a coating of roll materials(for example, roofing felt), it is quite suitable for a bath that has an insulated ceiling.

The angle of the pitched roof.

Based on the cost of building materials, coating material, wind pressure, which depends directly on the roof sail area and the amount of snow load, shed roof slope.

Roof structures experience the greatest load in winter, from snow adhering to it. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out the roof structure with such a slope that snow can roll freely. In this case, the cross section of all building elements is significantly reduced, which reduces the cost of construction.

It is necessary to know at the same time that, depending on the angle of inclination of the slope to the horizon, different kinds roofs. If a roof with a slope of 2-5 degrees or flat roof, it is possible to cover with several layers of roofing material and it will stand for 15-20 years, then when covering the exact same roof with slate, it will leak.

How to choose the right material depending on the angle of inclination is shown in the diagram below:

You can not take into account the weight of the snow, with a roof slope of 45 degrees, since it will roll down by itself. But the wind load experienced and the windage of the roof, while greatly increasing.

The amount of roofing materials needed to cover the roof also increases, with an increase in the angle of inclination of its slope. For a coating with a slope of 45 degrees, more roofing materials will already be required by 1.5 times than for a horizontal roof structure.

Shed roof truss system.

First of all, it depends shed roof truss system from the material of the walls and the dimensions of the building.

When is a shed roof planned for covering brick building, then the rafters are installed on the mauerlat - a beam with a section of 100 x 100 or 150 x 150, which is laid on two long walls or, in the case of building a log building, on the logs of the upper crown.

The design of the truss system will be quite simple with a span of up to 4.5 meters, including the Mauerlat, as well as the rafters resting on it.

If the span is up to 6 meters, then a rafter leg will be added to the structure, which rests on the bed and serves to give sufficient bearing capacity to the rafters.

In the design of the truss system, it is required to provide for additional fights and racks if the building is planned to be larger.

It is possible to make a rafter system with hanging or inclined rafters, if the log house is made of timber or rounded logs.

The rafter system with hanging rafters is very often used in the device gable roofs. You can use the same scheme for shed roof construction. The essence of the hanging rafters is to lean them on horizontal beams that extend beyond the perimeter of the structure at the point of support.

Designations in the figure: a - a system of hanging rafters, b - a rafter system with a headstock and hanging rafters, c - the same, with additional tightening. 1 - rafter leg, 2 - attic floor beam, 3 - wind connection, 4 - rafter leg, 5 - headstock, 6 - additional horizontal tightening.

Due to the device for passing through the upper crowns of the log house of wooden beams, the use of a system with hanging rafters will somewhat complicate the design. But the forces transmitted from the rafter legs are more evenly unloaded and do not act on the walls.

As you can see, special secrets pent roof construction does not possess and you can do it yourself if you wish.