Lemon why two n. A13. Н-НН in suffixes of words of different parts of speech. Participles and verbal adjectives
Spelled with nn full form suffixes passive participles past tense: -nn- and -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative with them in form are written in some cases also with nn in a suffix, in others - with one n .
1. Spelled with nn participles and adjectives -wounded, -wounded, -wounded(formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate), For example: spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.
2. They are also written with nn communion not on -ovanny (- evanny, - evanny) verbs perfect look and related adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.
- Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, roasted, scribbled, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, untangled, made.
- The list of forms of native non-prefixed verbs, as well as some verbs, the prefix in which can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, seized, revealed; met, ventured, offended, found, obligated, visited, supplied.
Forms are written according to this rule. two-species(meaning both perfect and imperfect) verbs to marry, to bequeath, to promise, to execute, to give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.
Exceptions. are written with one n correlative adjectives with participial forms in the following stable combinations: dead man, named brother, named sister, planted father, planted mother, Forgiveness Sunday .
3. Communions are not on -ovanny (- evanny, - evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from non-prefixed verbs) and adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with nn , adjectives - with one n , For example: wagons laden with firewood, fish fried in oil, oil painting, hair cut by a barber and short-cropped hair, benches dyed with green paint, a floor not swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, money counted more than once, an offer made many times; but: loaded barge, fried fish, written beauty, cropped hair, painted benches, swept floors, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; likewise knitted and knitted, ironed and ironed, braided and braided, brushed and peeled; are also written: chewed and chewed, pecked and chiseled, forged and forged.
According to this rule, the forms of two-part verbs are written concuss, baptize and hurt. Wed: soldier shell-shocked in the head, seriously wounded soldier, soldier wounded in the leg, just baptized baby, but: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.
This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who re-read the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Make yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.
How to reduce the probability of correct spelling
Easily. Write at random or because it looks so "beautiful". Or first and second at the same time.
How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling
Do not be lazy and do not skip any of the points of the algorithm. Only then will you bring the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to automatism.
Aerobatics - determine the amount n on the run.
You can, but not right away.
Sequencing
To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. You need to do this on the question that we ask by the way.
- Noun - who? what?
- Adjective - which?
- Short adjective - what?
- adverb - as?
- Participle - which?
- Brief Communion - what?
- verbal adjective - which?
You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?
Adjectives and participles
The adjective is derived from the noun, and the participle is derived from the verb.
Long is an adjective because it answers a question which? and is derived from a noun length.
strewn is a participle because it answers a question which? and is derived from the verb strew.
By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -usch-, -yusch-, -ash-, -yashch-, -em-, -om-, -im-. In past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the correct part of speech.
Participles and verbal adjectives
Now we have one more problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from the verb. Both answer the question which?. How to distinguish them?
First, the verbal adjective is formed from the imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from the perfective verb.
How to determine the type of the verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is imperfect (denoting an incomplete action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is perfect (denoting a completed action).
Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.
A dependent word is a word to which you can ask a question from the main word.
Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle, and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.
Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfective because it answers the question what to do?.
loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question which?; derived from the verb ship; this verb is imperfective because it answers the question what to do?; dependent words are missing.
In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:
- Add dependent word.
A man-loaded car. loaded by whom?- human. Now this is communion. - Change the form of the verb.
loaded car. Formed from a verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore belongs to the perfect species.
Short adjectives and short participles
The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Realized that the word answers the question what?.
- We think from what full form the word is formed.
- We determine the part of speech in the full form (we read the differences between adjectives and participles above).
Here is a table to illustrate.
Hooray. Now we know what part of speech our word belongs to.
Applying the rules
See how easy it is when we know the part of speech:
We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- and -Eve-.
In the word asphalted write nn because there is a suffix -ova-.
Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- were suffixes. In words forged and chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cove- and zhev-. These words contain one letter n, because they are verbal adjectives.
You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.
It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.
In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en th, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
We write in adjectives nn in the following cases:
- In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N th, time enn th.
- If the word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn th.
Pay special attention to the second point. Without it, you would write in a word fog one letter n because there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -en- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, whose base ends with n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget this rule.
The words windy, oily, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter. n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh no wind nn th).
OK. What about short adjectives?
Everything is simple here: the same number of letters are written in them n, how many and in total.
What about adverbs?
It's the same story here. We write the same n how much in the word from which the adverb is formed.
Slowly- adverb because it answers a question as?. Formed from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write nn in suffix -enn-, therefore, in the adverb we write the same way.
Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusingly explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question which?; no dependent words; formed from an imperfective verb confuse). Insofar as confused- verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then in the dialect, which is formed from it, we write the same amount.
A little exercise. Explain the setting n-nn in a sentence.
Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes, slightly salted in ash, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem delicious on fresh air to the most sophisticated gourmet.
Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech
This task requires knowledge of how words are formed!
Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.
Rule.
Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.
Full adjectives and participles.
Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: which?
Remember!
| unexpectedlyHHth
slowerHHth countryHHth sacredHHth chwaHHth checkHHth desireHHth okayHHth affairsHHth unseenHHth unheardHNew not teaHHth nezhdaHHth bad luckHNew zhemaHHth |
ryaHth
yarnHth greenHth sviHoh barHuy siHuy blushHth scarletHth YuHth smarterHth nameHyy (brother) seatedHyy (father) |
Distinguish!
Short adjectives and participles.
To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.
Nouns and adverbs.
In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:
looked beshe? o - beshe? y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)
Remember!
Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:
mosheHHik harderHik
tribeHHik pridaHoh
settingHHik
YesHHik
bespridaHHitza
Action algorithm.
1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.
2. Remember if this word is an exception.
3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.
4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.
Parsing the task.
In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?
His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).
1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1
Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by the full form refinement ... th. We determine the writing of the full form: refinement ... th derived from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.
Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.
The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced by a verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.
Thus, correct option- answer number 4.
Practice.
1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.
1. Suffix -N- it is written:
In adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes -AN-, -IN-, -YAN-: leather - leather, goose - goose, silver - silver.EXCEPTIONS: wood, tin, glass.
· In adjectives and participles formed from imperfective verbs that do not have dependent words: forged, loaded, baked, gilded, smoked.EXCEPTIONS:
seen, given, done, desired, cutesy, slow, pecked, sacred, heard, conceited.
In adjectives with the prefix NE-: unused, uninvited, uncut, unbleached, unworn. EXCEPTIONS:
unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unseen.
· In short forms of the passive past participles: sown, filled, given, agitated.
· In short adjectives and in adverbs formed from full adjectives with -H-: confused - confused, mad - furious, gilded - gilded, ruddy - blush, young - young.
In adjectives related to non-derivatives: crimson, green, blue, ruddy, youthful, and also in some other adjectives: lamb, single, swine, smart.
2. Suffix -НН- it is written:
· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -Н: long, valuable, captive, picturesque.
· In adjectives with suffixes -ONN-/-ENN-: propaganda, station, cranberry, straw.
In adjectives formed from perfective verbs, usually with prefixes or dependent words: frozen, mowed, forged, smoked, bought, dried in the sun. EXCEPTIONS: named brother, planted father, dowry.
· In adjectives formed from verbs ending in -OVATE/EVAT: uprooted, motivated.
· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -MY: nominal, seminal, temporary, parietal.
In short adjectives and adverbs formed from full adjectives with -НН-: inspired, excited, educated(those. literate).
NOTE:
1. In some cases, the spelling of adjectives with -Н- or -НН- is determined by the semantics of the word.
wind have:
suffix -YAN- if they define an object powered by wind (windmill);
suffix -EN- if they define an object containing wind (windy day, windy girl);
suffix -ENN- in all prefixed formations (still, leeward, weathered).
Generating adjectives butter have:
suffix -YAN- if they define something cooked in oil or something that runs on oil (oil paint, oil pump);
suffix -EN- if they define something that is specially buttered (butter pancakes, butter cakes, hence Maslenitsa, this also includes a metaphorical epithet buttered eyes);
suffix -ENN- in participles and adjectives with dependent words (hands oiled with cream, oily sweatshirt).
2. It is necessary to distinguish between the forms of a short adjective and a short participle in the function of the predicate: the girl is brought up - the girl was brought up by her grandmother; the woman is educated - the department was formed last year; the group is organized in all matters - the conference is organized by the department.
Questions to control:
Related tasks:
Exercise 1. Form verb forms in the suffixes of which the vowel of the infinitive is preserved.
Depend, fold, knead, interfere, deflate, roll out.
Task 2. Explain how the words in the pairs are different. Using reference material, explain their spelling.
To decorate - to paint, to be late - to participate, to count - to advise, to manage - to advise, to confess - to educate, to dance - to sing.
Task 3. Write off, highlighting spellings and grouping words into columns:
1) action. incl. present vr., 2) suffering. incl. present temp., 3) action. incl. Ave., 4) suffering. incl. ave. Explain the spelling of words according to the scheme (see "Reference material").
Creeping, barking, barking, chasing, noticing, noticed, kneaded (in dough) - kneaded (dough), sawing, stabbing, fighting, developed, cherished, pumped out (oil from a barrel) - pumped out (barrel from the basement), secured, hung (in the gallery of the picture), hung (sugar per kilogram), circled, well-worn, fanned, secured, healing, gluing, glued, enduring, loving, dispelled, traveled, dependent, breathing, flowing.
Task 4. Fill in the missing letters, justify your choice.
Corrected ... work by someone, dumped ... cargo, cleared ... paths; the building is about to be built...but; alarmed ... by unpleasant news, crowned ... with laurels, scattered ... rays, no one noticed ... a friend, tangled ... hare footprints strewn ... with leaves alleys of a coastal park, offended ... by someone then a girl, lost ... time; the snow melted ... unexpectedly, without offending anyone ...
Task 5. Insert the missing letters.
Taken ... ny, kneaded ... (dough), vypa ... ny, noticed ... ny, engaged ... schisya, meaning ... my, studying .. my, cherish ... my, mele. ..shchy, incomplete ... nee (grain), incomplete ... nye (curtains), independent ... my, hated ... my, resentment ... my, justify ... my, noting ... my, thrown ... shot ... shot ... shot (deer), shot ... shot (gun), shot ... shot (traitors), scattered ... shot, scattered ... heard ... my , creeping ... dragging ... dragging, dragging ... losing ... my, crowned ... ny.
Task 6. Explain the difference in spelling of words in paired phrases.
The woman is smart and educated. - The commission was formed the other day.
The children were inattentive and distracted. - The troops are scattered throughout the forest. Speaks depressed. - The uprising was suppressed. The decision hastily, ill-conceived. - The decision is not thought out by anyone. Sauerkraut - sauerkraut for the winter. Uncut meadow. - Mowed meadow. Come to a dinner party. - Uninvited guests. named brother. - Named after you. Windy day. - Windless day.
Remember:nezva n oh, name n oh, invisible nn oh, unheard nn oh, bad luck nn oh no nn about
Task 7. Insert missing letters instead of dots. Explain why in some cases we write H, in others - HH.
Bees...th honey, wheat...th porridge, with condensed...th milk, butter...th spot; picture, rice:..th oil paints; clay...th vase, wooden...th building, located as a guest...nice, noticeable...deficiencies, sowing...th rust...th field, not yet cat...th meadow, somehow racial ... th things, hanging ... th in a dressing ... closet, about the goal ... th harvest, the girl is very educated ... ah, far fog ... ah, draw a broken line, silver and gilded ... th jewelry, wounded ... th man, seriously wounded ... th fighter, in the morning ... her dawn.
It is written -НН-:
In participles:
In adjectives:
if the stem of the word ends in -N- (Н + suffix Н = НН) | mist + H = misty picture + H = picture |
if the word is formed with suffixes Onn-, -enn- | straw + enne = straw station + onn = station |
in three words, which are the exception: | |
In verbal adjectives ending in -ovanny, -evanny (exceptions: forged, chewed. BUT! Forged (with what?) Copper chest, chewed (perfect view) | PAINTING, SCARED, STUFFED |
In some verbal adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs (they must be remembered): | seen, given, desired, unseen, unexpected, minted, unexpected, unheard, unintended, pecked, sacred, promised, desperate, deprived, counted |
Exception:
Adjective windy spelled with one -N-.
BUT! Windless.
It is written -N-:
In participles:
In adjectives:
rules | Examples | Exceptions |
if adjectives are formed without a suffix | youthful, spicy | |
in relative adjectives formed with suffixes -an-, -yan- | leather + en = leather wool + yang = woolen | pewter, wood, glass |
In possessive adjectives formed with the suffix -in- | swan + yin \u003d swan eagle + in \u003d eagle | |
In adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -n-, -en- and without dependent words | laden (wagons) knitted sweater) fried potatoes) | desired sacred unguessed unheard of |
In the exception windy (BUT! windless) | windy (BUT! windless) | |
In adjective oil, i.e. "consisting of oil", "made in oil", "working on oil" | oil |
In short adjectives, in nouns and adverbs, as many N are written as in the full form of the adjective from which they are formed:
Cloudy morning - cloudy morning, it was cloudy.
Speech is long - speech is long, speak long, original.
Modern language - she is modern, contemporary, dress modern.