Ways of heating industrial and warehouse premises. Heating of industrial buildings and enterprises: space heating systems Air heating of industrial premises diagram
"How to choose the optimal heating"? - this question is asked by the owners of industrial premises, workshops and warehouses. Big sizes buildings, combined with Russia's harsh climate, terrifies young entrepreneurs. In this review, we will talk about "optimal" heating. First, let's understand what is meant by the word "optimal". Usually, this word is understood as a suitable ratio for the building "cost / reliability / convenience".
Choosing and creating a heating scheme for large rooms is not an easy task. Each building is universal - size, height, purpose. Equipment for production is often an obstacle to laying pipes. But without heating anywhere. A well-built heating system protects equipment from hypothermia (often this factor leads to equipment breakdown), creates favorable working conditions for workers. In addition, without the right temperature, some products will deteriorate many times faster. That is why it is so important to choose reliable system space heating.
Choosing a heating system for industrial buildings
Almost every warehouse needs heating. Usually use centralized heating systems. They are:
- Water;
- Air.
When choosing heating, the following characteristics should be considered:
- The area and height of the building;
- The amount of heat energy required to maintain the desired temperature;
- Ease of equipment for heating in technical terms, its wear resistance.
Central water heating
The main thermal resource is central system heating or boiler room. Water heating includes:
- Boiler;
- Heating devices;
- Pipeline.
The principle of operation is simple. The liquid is heated in the boiler and goes through the pipes, giving off heat.
Types of water heating:
- Single-pipe (it is impossible to regulate the water temperature);
- Two-pipe (temperature control is possible. It is carried out using thermostats on radiators).
The central heating element is the boiler. To date, there are quite a few types of boilers: liquid fuel, solid fuel, gas, electric and mixed. The boiler should be chosen taking into account the possibilities. A gas boiler is convenient when you can connect to a gas source. Keep in mind that the price of this resource is growing every year. Interruptions in gas supply will lead to sad consequences.
Oil-fired boilers need a separate room and a container for storing fuel. In addition, it will be necessary to constantly replenish fuel supplies, which means that additional hands are needed for transportation and unloading. And these are additional costs.
Solid fuel boilers are not suitable for heating large industrial premises. Caring for a solid fuel boiler is not an easy task (loading fuel, cleaning the chimney and furnace). On the modern market, you can find partially automated models with the possibility of mechanized fuel loading. Other components (firebox, chimney) require human care. Sawdust, pellets, wood chips, etc. act as fuel. Despite the fact that the operation of such boilers is a laborious process, these models are the cheapest on the market.
Electric boilers are not the most suitable option for heating large rooms (up to 70 square meters). The electricity used will cost the owner dearly. It should be borne in mind that planned and unscheduled power outages negatively affect the system.
Combined boilers can be called universal samples.
The water heating system is a stable and efficient space heating. Despite the fact that combined boilers cost more than their counterparts, but with him you will not depend on external troubles (various interruptions in gas and electrical systems). Combined boiler samples have two or more heaters for different types fuel. Due to the built-in types of burners, boilers are divided into:
- Gas-wood - are not afraid of interruptions in the gas supply system and rising fuel prices)
- Gas-diesel - ideally heat a large room)
- Gas-diesel-wood - a functional boiler with low efficiency and low power)
- Gas-diesel-wood-electricity is an almost universal unit that is completely independent of external problems
The situation with the boilers is explained. Now you need to find out if the water type of heating fits the previously described criteria. It is worth noting that the heat capacity of water is thousands of times higher than the heat capacity of air. This means that water will need a thousand times less than air. Another point: the water heating system will allow you to set the desired temperature at different times. For example, during standby heating of production, the temperature will be +10 C, and in work time You can set a higher temperature.
air heating
People have been using air heating for a long time. The system is efficient and popular. Has the following advantages:
- Instead of radiators and pipes, air ducts are installed.
- Air heating has a higher efficiency compared to a water system
- The heated air is evenly distributed over the entire area of the room
- It is convenient to connect the air system with ventilation and air conditioning (you can get fresh air instead of warm)
- The constant change of air positive effect on the well-being of employees; increases work efficiency.
If you want to save money, it is better to choose mixed industrial air heating. It consists of natural and mechanical air stimulation.
- "Natural" urge - taking warm air their atmosphere at any temperature.
- Mechanical impulse - taking cold air through the duct for its subsequent warming and supply to the room.
It is believed that an air heating system is the best option for heating large industrial premises.
infrared heating
It is possible to heat the production room in non-traditional ways. Infrared heaters are a modern invention of engineers. The principle of their operation is as follows: radiators produce energy above the heating zone and give off heat to objects that heat the air. The functionality of such heaters is compared with the sun. It also heats the surface of the earth with the help of infrared waves, and then the air heats up from the heat exchange. Thanks to this principle, the heated air will not accumulate under the ceiling, evenly distributed over the area of the room.
There are many types of IR heaters, differing in the following characteristics:
- Installation location (floor, portable floor, wall, ceiling);
- Type of emitted waves (shortwave, medium wave and light);
- Type of energy consumed (diesel, gas, electric).
The most profitable are gas and diesel infrared models of heaters. Their efficiency is often above 90%. But they are characterized by burning air and changing the characteristics of its humidity.
- Type of heating element (halogen - not very durable models; carbon - fragile model, but consumes less energy; ceramic - the heater is assembled from ceramic tiles. Inside it is a mixture that heats the environment).
Infrared heaters are used for heating industrial buildings, various structures, workshops, greenhouses, greenhouses, farms and apartments.
Benefits of infrared heating
IR heating can provide spot heating, that is, in different parts buildings can be different temperature. Infrared heaters do not come into contact with air, heating surfaces, objects, organisms. This means that there will be less drafts in the room. IR heating is economical. High efficiency and low power consumption is just a dream. Long service life, ease of installation, low weight, the possibility of local effective heating - these are just the main positive aspects of IR heaters.
In this extensive article, we reviewed the popular types of space heating. Which type is the best is up to you. We hope that this article was useful and informative.
During the cold season heating system of the production facility provides the employees of the enterprise with comfortable working conditions. The normalization of the temperature regime also has a beneficial effect on the safety of buildings, machine tools and equipment. Heating systems, with the unity of the task facing them, have technological differences. Some use hot water boilers for heating industrial premises, and in others compact heaters are used. Consider the specifics of industrial heating and the effectiveness of the use of various systems.
Requirements for heating industrial premises
At low temperatures, heating of industrial premises, as required by labor protection, should be carried out in cases where the time spent by workers there exceeds 2 hours. The only exceptions are premises in which the permanent stay of people is not necessary (for example, rarely visited warehouses). Also, they do not heat structures, being inside of which is equivalent to carrying out work outside buildings. However, even here it is necessary to provide for the presence of special devices for heating workers.
Labor protection imposes a number of sanitary and hygienic requirements on the heating of industrial premises:
- heating indoor air to a comfortable temperature;
- the ability to regulate the temperature due to the amount of heat released;
- inadmissibility of air pollution with harmful gases and unpleasant odors(especially for furnace heating of industrial premises);
- the desirability of combining the heating process with ventilation;
- ensuring fire and explosion safety;
- reliability of the heating system during operation and ease of repair.
During non-working hours, the temperature in heated rooms can be reduced, but not below +5 °C. At the same time, the industrial heating must have sufficient power to restore the normal temperature by the beginning of the work shift. temperature regime.
Calculation of autonomous heating of a production facility
When calculating the autonomous heating of a production facility, one proceeds from general rule that in the workshop, garage or warehouse a constant temperature should be maintained, without strong drops. For this, a central boiler room is being built, and heating radiators for industrial premises are installed in the working area. However, at some enterprises there is a need to create separate zones with unequal air temperatures. For the first of these cases, a calculation is made for the use of a central heating system, and for the second - for the use of local heaters.
In practice, the calculation of the heating system of the production room should be based on the following criteria:
- area and height of the heated building;
- heat loss through walls and roofs, windows and doors;
- heat loss in the ventilation system;
- heat consumption for technological needs;
- thermal power of heating units;
- the rationality of the use of a particular type of fuel;
- conditions for laying pipelines and air ducts.
Based on this, the need for heat energy is determined to maintain optimal temperature. A more accurate calculation of heating systems for industrial premises is facilitated by the use of special calculation tables. In the absence of data on the thermal properties of the building, the heat consumption has to be determined approximately according to specific characteristics.
Making a choice among various kinds industrial heating systems, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of production, heat engineering calculations, the cost and availability of fuel - and build feasibility studies on this. The systems of infrared, water, air and electric types most fully correspond to autonomous heating of modern industrial premises.
Infrared heating of industrial premises
To create the necessary thermal comfort in the workplace, infrared heating of industrial premises is often used. Infrared (IR) local heat emitters are mainly installed in workshops and warehouses up to 500 m² in area and with high ceilings. In each of these devices, a heat generator, a heater and a heat-releasing surface are structurally combined.
Advantages of infrared heating of industrial premises:
- there is only heating of the floor, walls, workshop equipment and directly the people working in the room;
- the air does not heat up, which means that the consumption of thermal energy is reduced;
- dust does not rise into the air, which is especially important for enterprises in the electronics, food industry and precision engineering;
- the cost of designing and installing heating is minimized;
- infrared heaters do not take up usable space.
Infrared heaters are divided into stationary and portable, and depending on the installation location, into ceiling, wall and floor. If it is necessary to influence individual workplaces, directional infrared radiation is used using small wall-mounted heaters. But if you mount film infrared heating on the ceiling of the production room, then the heating will be uniform over the entire area. Often they also arrange warm floors based on panels with built-in IR heaters, but with such a system, energy consumption increases.
Infrared gas heating of industrial premises is also used at enterprises. These heaters are fueled by natural gas, which is cheaper than electricity. The main advantage of gas infrared emitters is their efficiency.
Emitters for infrared systems gas heating production facilities are available in several types:
- high-intensity (light) with a heat transfer temperature of 800–1200 °C;
- low-intensity (dark) with a temperature of 100–550 °C;
- low-temperature with a temperature of 25–50°C).
A limitation in the use of industrial IR heaters is the requirement not to place them in rooms with a ceiling height of less than 4 m.
Water heating of industrial premises
If the enterprise will use a water heating system, for its installation it is necessary to build a special boiler room, lay a piping system and install heating radiators in industrial premises. In addition to the main elements, the system also includes means of ensuring operability, such as shut-off valves, pressure gauges, etc. To service the water heating system of industrial premises, it is necessary to constantly maintain special personnel.
According to the principle of its device, water heating of industrial premises can be:
- one-pipe- regulation of water temperature is impossible here, since all heating radiators for industrial premises are installed in series;
- two-pipe- temperature regulation is permissible and is carried out using thermostats on radiators installed in parallel.
The heat generators for the water heating system are heating boilers. According to the type of fuel consumed, they are: gas, liquid fuel, solid fuel, electric, combined. For heating small industrial premises, furnaces with a water circuit are used.
It is necessary to choose the type of boiler based on the needs and capabilities of a particular enterprise. For example, the ability to connect to a gas pipeline will be an incentive to purchase gas boiler. In the absence of natural gas, a diesel or advanced solid fuel unit is preferred. Electric heating boilers for industrial premises are used quite often, but only in small buildings.
At the height of the heating season, failures or accidents in gas and electricity supply systems can occur, so it is advisable to have an alternative heating unit at the enterprise.
Combined boilers for heating industrial premises are much more expensive, but they are equipped with several types of burners: G Azov-wood, gas-diesel, and even gas-diesel-electricity.
Air heating of industrial premises
The air heating system at each specific industrial enterprise can be used as the main one, or as an auxiliary one. In any case, the installation of air heating in the workshop is cheaper than water heating, since it is not necessary to install expensive boilers for heating industrial premises, lay pipelines and mount radiators.
Advantages of the air heating system of the industrial premises:
- saving the area of the working area;
- energy efficient consumption of resources;
- simultaneous heating and air purification;
- uniform heating of the room;
- safety for the well-being of employees;
- no risk of leaks and freezing of the system.
Air heating of a production facility can be:
- central- with a single heating unit and an extensive network of air ducts through which heated air is distributed throughout the workshop;
- local- air heaters (air-heating units, heat guns, air-heat curtains) are located directly in the room.
In the centralized air heating system, to reduce energy costs, a recuperator is used, which partially uses the heat of the internal air for heating fresh air coming from outside. local systems do not carry out recuperation, they only warm the internal air, but do not provide the inflow of external air. Wall-ceiling air heaters can be used for heating individual workplaces, as well as for drying any materials and surfaces.
By giving preference to air heating of industrial premises, business leaders achieve savings due to a significant reduction in capital costs.
Electric heating of industrial premises
When choosing the electric heating method, two options for heating workshops or warehouses should be considered:
- using electric heating boilers for industrial premises;
- using portable electric heaters.
In some cases, it may be advisable to install small electric furnaces for heating industrial premises with a small area and ceiling height.
Electric boilers have an efficiency of up to 99%, their operation is fully automated due to the presence of a programmable control. In addition to performing the heating function, the boiler can serve as a source of hot water. Absolute purity of air is ensured, since there is no emission of combustion products. However, the numerous advantages of electric boilers are crossed out by the too high cost of the electricity they consume.
Electric convectors can successfully compete with electric boilers in the field of industrial premises heating. There are electric convectors with natural convection, as well as with forced air supply. The principle of operation of these compact devices is the ability to heat rooms by heat exchange. The air passes through the heating elements, its temperature rises, and then it completes the normal cycle of circulation inside the room.
Minuses electric convectors: excessively dry air, not recommended for heating rooms with high ceilings.
Heating radiant panels in a relatively short time managed to demonstrate their excellent energy-saving characteristics. Outwardly, they are similar to convectors, but their difference is manifested in the special design of the heating element. The advantage of electric radiant panels is their ability to act on objects in the room without needlessly heating the air. Automatic thermostats help maintain the set temperature.
Whichever of the heating systems of the production premises the owner of the company decides to install, his main task should be to take care of maintaining the health and performance of all the company's personnel.
2.3. Heating of industrial premises. (Local, central; specific heating characteristics)
Heating is designed to maintain normalized air temperature in industrial premises during the cold season. In addition, it contributes to a better preservation of buildings and equipment, as it simultaneously allows you to regulate the humidity of the air. For this purpose, various heating systems are being built.
During the cold and transitional periods of the year, all buildings and structures in which the residence time of people exceeds 2 hours, as well as rooms in which temperature maintenance is necessary due to technological conditions, should be heated.
The following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed on heating systems: uniform heating of indoor air; the possibility of regulating the amount of heat released and combining the processes of heating and ventilation; lack of indoor air pollution with harmful emissions and unpleasant odors; fire and explosion safety; ease of use and repair.
Heating of industrial premises in the radius of action is local and central.
Local heating is arranged in one or more adjacent rooms with an area of less than 500 m 2. In systems of such heating, the heat generator, heating devices and heat-releasing surfaces are structurally combined in one device. The air in these systems is most often heated by using the heat of the fuel burned in stoves (wood, coal, peat, etc.). Much less often as a kind heating appliances floors or wall panels with built-in electric heating elements are used, and sometimes electric radiators. There are also air (the main element is a heater) and gas (when burning gas in heating appliances) local heating systems.
Central heating according to the type of heat carrier used can be water, steam, air and combined. Systems central heating include a heat generator, heating devices, means of transferring the coolant (pipelines) and means of ensuring operability (shut-off valves, safety valves, pressure gauges, etc.). As a rule, in such systems, heat is generated outside the heated premises.
Heating systems must compensate for heat losses through building fences, heat consumption for heating injected cold air, raw materials, machines, equipment coming from outside, and for technological needs.
In the absence of accurate data on the building material, fences, the thickness of the layers of building envelope materials and, as a result, it is impossible to determine the thermal resistance of walls, ceilings, floors, windows and other elements, the heat consumption is approximately determined using specific characteristics.
Heat consumption through the external fences of buildings, kW
where 
- specific heating characteristic of the building, which is the flow of heat lost by 1 m 3 of the volume of the building according to the external measurement per unit time with a difference in temperatures of indoor and outdoor air of 1 K, W / (m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building 
\u003d 0.105 ... 0.7 W / (m 3 ∙K); V H - the volume of the building without the basement according to the outer measurement, m 3; T B - the average design temperature of the internal air of the main premises of the building, K; T N - estimated winter outdoor temperature for designing heating systems, K: for Volgograd 248 K, Kirov 242 K, Moscow 247 K, St. Petersburg 249 K, Ulyanovsk 244 K, Chelyabinsk 241K.
Heat consumption for ventilation of industrial buildings, kW
where 
- specific ventilation characteristic, i.е. heat consumption for ventilation of 1 m 3 of the building with a difference of internal and external temperatures of 1 K, W / (m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building 
\u003d 0.17 ... 1.396 W / (m 3 ∙K); 
- the calculated value of the outdoor air temperature for the design of ventilation systems, K: for Volgograd 259 K, Vyatka 254 K, Moscow 258 K, St. Petersburg 261 K, Ulyanovsk 255 K, Chelyabinsk 252 K.
The amount of heat absorbed by materials, machinery and equipment brought into the premises, kW
,
where 
- mass heat capacity of materials or equipment, kJ / (kg∙K): for water 4.19, grain 2.1 ... 2.5, iron 0.48, brick 0.92, straw 2.3; 
- mass of raw materials or equipment imported into the premises, kg; 
- temperature of materials, raw materials or equipment brought into the premises, K: for metals 
=
, for non-flowing materials 
=
+10, bulk materials 
=
+20;
- time of heating materials, machines or equipment to room temperature, h.
The amount of heat consumed for technological needs, kW, is determined through the consumption of hot water or steam
,
where 
- consumption for technological needs of water or steam, kg / h: for repair shops 100 ... 120, for one cow 0.625, for a calf 0.083, etc.; 
- heat content of water or steam at the boiler outlet, kJ/kg; 
- coefficient of return of condensate or hot water, varying within 0 ... 0.7: in calculations, they usually take 
=0,7;
- heat content of condensate or water returned to the boiler, kJ/kg: in calculations it can be taken equal to 270…295 kJ/kg.
The thermal power of the boiler plant P k, taking into account the heat consumption for the auxiliary needs of the boiler house and losses in heating networks, is taken to be 10 ... 15% more than the total heat consumption
According to the obtained value P to we select the type and brand of the boiler. It is recommended to install the same type of boiler units with the same heat output. The number of steel units should be at least two and no more than four, cast iron - no more than six. It should be borne in mind that in case of failure of one boiler, the remaining ones must provide at least 75-80% of the calculated thermal output of the boiler plant.
For direct heating of premises, heating devices of various types and designs are used: radiators, cast-iron finned pipes, convectors, etc.
The total surface area of heating devices, m 2, is determined by the formula
,
where 
- heat transfer coefficient of the walls of heating devices, W / (m 2 ∙K): for cast iron 7.4, for steel 8.3; 
- temperature of water or steam at the inlet to the heating device, K; for water radiators of low pressure 338…348, high pressure 393…398; for steam radiators 383…388; 
- water temperature at the outlet of the heating device, K: for low pressure water radiators 338 ... 348, for high pressure steam and water radiators 368.
From the known value of F, find the required number of sections of heating devices
,
where 
- the area of one section of the heating device, m 2 , depending on its type: 0.254 for M-140 radiators; 0.299 for M-140-AO; 0.64 for M3-500-1; 0.73 for the skirting type convector 15KP-1; 1 for a cast-iron ribbed tube with a diameter of 500 mm.
Uninterrupted operation of boilers is possible only with a sufficient supply of fuel for them. In addition, knowing the required amount of alternative fuel materials, it is possible to determine the optimal type of fuel using economic indicators.
The need for fuel, kg, for the heating period of the year can approximately be calculated by the formula
,
where 
=1.1…1.2 - safety factor for unaccounted for heat losses; 
- annual consumption of standard fuel for increasing the temperature of 1 m 3 of air in a heated building by 1 K, kg / (m 3 ∙K): 0.32 for a building with 
m 3; 0.245 at 
; 0.215 at 0.2 at 
>10000 m 3 .
Conventional fuel is considered to be fuel, the heat of combustion of 1 kg of which is 29.3 MJ, or 7000 kcal. To convert standard fuel into natural fuel, correction factors are used: for anthracite 0.97, brown coal 2.33, medium quality firewood 5.32, fuel oil 0.7, peat 2.6.
The organization of the production process is a multifaceted task in which all factors must be taken into account. In addition to equipment and skilled workers, special attention should be paid to maintaining the optimum temperature in the room. To do this, you need to develop systems and schemes for heating workshops with your own hands: welding, carpentry, production.
The choice of heating according to the characteristics of the room
Before you do the heating of the workshop with your own hands, you need to find out several important characteristics. First of all - the optimal temperature regime in the room. The choice of heating system directly depends on this.
When drawing up a heating scheme for a carpentry shop or other production areas, the following parameters must be taken into account:
- Ceiling area and height. If the distance from the floor to the roof is more than 3 meters, then convection (water, air) systems will be ineffective. This is due to the large volume of the room;
- Thermal insulation of walls and roofs. Heat loss buildings are the first thing to consider when choosing. The heating system for the workshop should be not only efficient, but also economical. In this case, it is best to use zonal heat sources. They will maintain a comfortable temperature level in a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe room;
- Technological requirements for optimal temperature in the workshop. For example, the heating of a woodworking shop must maintain the heating of the air at a constant level. Otherwise, it will affect the quality of the products. If the raw material is metal, then comfortable temperature needed only for workers.
To conduct this analysis, it will be necessary to study the advantages and disadvantages of each type of heating. Consider the most efficient heating of the production hall, which differs depending on the scheme and the components used.
Air heating of the workshop
For large rooms with high temperature requirements, it is recommended to use air heating of the workshop. This system is an extensive network of air channels through which hot air flows move. Its heating occurs with the help of a special climate control unit or a gas boiler.
Such do-it-yourself systems and schemes for heating workshops are applicable for welding, carpentry, and industrial premises. The main structural elements of this system are:
- Outdoor air intake device. It includes fans and cleaning filters;
- Further, the air masses through the channels enter the heating zone. It could be electrical devices(spiral element) or gas installation with air heat exchanger;
- Air masses with high temperature move through channels that distribute heat to individual production rooms. To control the heating temperature level, a throttle valve is installed in each outlet pipe.
Such a shop air heating system has a number of significant advantages over the standard one. The main one is the optimal heating of the room. Properly positioned air ducts can have directional elements that focus airflow to the desired area of the shop.
Also at additional installation air conditioner, the same system can be used as a cooling system. However, such a scheme for heating the workshop is rather complicated in terms of design. Before self-installation you need to calculate the power of the fans, the shape and cross section of the air channels. Therefore, for the installation of air heating of the production workshop, it is recommended to use the services of specialized companies.
Workshop water heating
The use of traditional water heating is relevant for small industries whose workshop area does not exceed 250 m². It is necessary to constantly maintain the air temperature at an optimal level throughout the volume of the room. Often, woodworking shops are heated with water.
This is due to wood waste production. For their disposal, a solid fuel boiler is installed. long burning. This scheme of work allows not only quickly, but also effectively get rid of wood waste. Later they are used as fuel.
However, this scheme for organizing heating has a number of nuances:
- In order to maximize the heating efficiency of the production workshop, it is necessary to significantly increase the area of heating devices. To do this, use pipes of large diameter, which are welded together into registers;
- Inertia. It takes a sufficiently long time to heat the air in the workshop from the coolant;
- The inability to quickly change the temperature of the water in the pipes.
However, along with this, when installing water heating in the welding shop, a floor heating system can be used. Such a scheme will help reduce the required area of \u200b\u200bheaters. At the same time, the inertia of the system will decrease - the air in the workshop will heat up faster.
During the design of heating, it is possible to provide for the organization of hot water supply, which is important for many production processes. To do this, you need to purchase (or make) a heat exchange tank for heating the workshop with your own hands.
In it, the energy of the coolant will be transferred through the coil to the water. This will make it possible to use hot water not only in household needs but also for manufacturing processes.
In addition to solid fuel boilers, you can install other types of heating equipment:
- gas boilers. Economically effective if there is no cheap solid fuel;
- Electric heaters. It is preferable not to use them, as the cost of electricity will be high;
- Boilers running on liquid fuel - diesel or used engine oil. Installed if there are no gas lines. They are economical, but inconvenient in that special containers are needed for storing fuel.
To use water circuits for heating a workshop, it is necessary to correctly calculate the power of the heating installation.
The standard ratio of 1 kW of released thermal energy per 10 m² of area is relevant only for a workshop whose ceiling height does not exceed 3 meters. If they are higher, then each additional meter is + 10% to the power of the boiler.
Workshop infrared heating
The principle of operation of infrared heaters is to heat surfaces due to the effect of infrared radiation. If the heating system of the welding shop is designed for spot heating of certain areas, then it is best to use these devices. Efficient heating infrared heaters for workshops, start with the selection of heating elements. Currently, two methods for generating IR radiation are used.
Carbon heaters
Its design consists of a bulb, inside of which there is a carbon spiral, and a reflective element. When current passes through the heating element, it glows due to the high electrical resistance. As a result, IR radiation is emitted.
To focus the thermal energy, a reflector made of stainless iron or aluminum is provided.
IR electric heaters can be used as additional heating carpentry shop. They are mounted above those working areas where a stable temperature regime is required. The advantages of electric infrared heaters include:
- Easy installation;
- The ability to control the heating temperature by changing the supplied current power;
- Small overall dimensions.
However, due to the high energy consumption, heating with electric infrared heaters for workshops is rare. Instead, they mount gas models.
Gas infrared heaters
For production workshops with a large area, if zonal heating is required, it is recommended to use gas models of infrared heaters. Their principle of operation is based on the so-called flameless combustion of a mixture of gas and air on a ceramic surface. As a result, IR radiation is formed, which is focused by the reflector.
For efficient heating Infrared heaters for workshops often use ceiling models of heaters. It is important to correctly calculate the mounting height and the required power. The heating area and the temperature regime in this part of the workshop will depend on these parameters.
They are used as a heating system for a welding shop, where a comfortable temperature is needed only to ensure normal conditions for the working personnel. However, when planning this type of heating, a number of nuances must be taken into account:
- An infrared heating system for a workshop cannot be used if air heating is required throughout the room. Heaters are designed for local impact;
- To minimize costs, only natural main gas should be used. Liquefied bottled, in addition to the additional purchase of exchange containers, is inconvenient due to the periodic connection procedure.
But despite these shortcomings, the use of infrared heating for woodworking shops and other industries remains the best option. However, for the installation of gas heating of the workshop only with your own hands, you need to carry out a series of coordination activities with the gas service in order to obtain all permits.
How to choose the right heating system for a particular workshop? It is necessary to take into account its operational parameters, the cost of acquiring equipment and the price of an energy carrier. Remember that the cost of production will depend on the efficiency of heating of any production workshop.
If you need an economical option for organizing heating for a carpentry shop, you can see non-standard ways of heating air using sawdust and wood shavings in the video.
Air heating is a method of heating rooms without the participation of a coolant. The implementation of this method of heating is possible both with the help of direct methods ( heat gun, fan heater, Buleryan oven), and with the help of traditional ones (, electric boilers, etc.).
Heating with direct heat sources is relevant for small industrial premises with one room, and heating with traditional heat sources is relevant for premises with several rooms. An air circulation pump is used for air injection.
For large facilities, such a method as air heating of industrial premises is one of the most economical and effective ways heating.
The calculation of air heating depends on the type of heating scheme chosen and taking into account some nuances, but otherwise it differs little from the calculation methods when organizing other heating systems.
Schemes of air heating systems
Depending on where the heat source is located, possible air schemes are divided into two types:
- central system
- local system.
Local heating scheme
When the area of operation of the heating system extends to only one room, in which the heating center itself is located, the scheme is called the local scheme of air heating of industrial premises. The calculation and selection of the scheme are made depending on the specifics of the production facility, taking into account a number of operational requirements.
Central heating circuit
Another name for this scheme is channel. Its meaning lies in the fact that the air is heated to the desired temperature in the thermal center, and then supplied to the premises through the air ducts. Thermal installation can be placed both inside the building and outside.
Built according to the central type, in turn, they are recirculating, direct-flow, partially recirculating.
Recirculation system. Requires relatively low initial costs, operating costs are also low.
It is used in rooms where air circulation is allowed.
System with partial recirculation. It is a more flexible system, implemented due to mechanical impulses of air movement. It can work in different modes: partial replacement air or full. It can work in combination with ventilation units.
Straight line system. The use of such a system is relevant for premises in which explosive, toxic or flammable substances are released - in cases where the ingress of these substances into other premises is unacceptable.
Advantages and disadvantages of air systems
Air heating of industrial premises is the best way to heat large spaces, due to the fact that:
- It has a high heating rate. If a we are talking about water heating of industrial premises, then only the exit of water to the radiators and its heating to an acceptable temperature takes at least 3-4 hours. In the case of air heating, the heating of the premises occurs very quickly - on average, already after 20 minutes from the start of the air heating system.
- Low cost of equipment and materials. in terms of their cost, they differ little from similar water devices, but the cost of wiring is ten times cheaper for the owners of the premises. This is explained by the fact that the organization of the heating system does not require the use of expensive heating radiators, pipes, taps and fittings. For wiring, aluminum sleeves and ventilation grilles are sufficient, the cost of which is ten times lower.
- Immunity to low temperatures. The heating system is not afraid of freezing in the event of a forced shutdown, so production facilities can be turned off without fear of defrosting pipes and radiators.
- The organization of air heating is often carried out together with ventilation and air conditioning systems.
- Ease of starting the system. To start air heating, there is no need for tedious setup of devices, since balancing occurs once at the first start. In the future, the issue of bleeding air masses is solved automatically.
Despite the abundance of advantages, the system has some disadvantages.
Here it should be said about the noise of the system, the occurrence of drafts and the need to use air ducts with a large diameter, which are often not economically feasible to hide under the ceiling.
Calculation of air heating
Before proceeding to installation work, a number of important issues need to be addressed. In particular, air heating of industrial premises, the calculation for which is required, is carried out depending on:
- the amount of heat loss in each individual room;
- the material of the walls of the building and their thickness;
- the number of windows and their area;
- type and power of the heating device;
- the number of people who will work in the heated room;
- additional heat sources;
- the required amount of heated air;
- sections of air ducts;
- possible pressure losses in the system.
As a result of the analysis of these parameters, possible heat losses in kilowatts and the need for the amount of thermal energy for air heating of industrial premises are clarified. The calculation in the presence of these data is simple: it is required to compensate for the calculated losses of thermal energy by additional production.
As a rule, about 700 W of thermal energy is required for every 10 m2. If heat losses exceed the average values, then this figure can reach up to 1 kW for every 10 m2.
At the same time, for premises located in the northern regions, the calculation is carried out with an increased coefficient equal to 1.5-2.0.
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