Hip roof: truss system and structure installation. Do-it-yourself hip roof Hip roof design diagram

Hip roofs give the building an elegant and complete look, its slopes withstand wind gusts and snow loads well. Under the roof of this type, you can place a large attic space. We will talk about the features of the truss group of hip roofs, about the methods of calculation and installation of rafters, as well as about the roofing pie, ventilation and insulation of the structure. Let's dwell on the description of properties roofing materials and talk about how to make a hip roof for a gazebo with your own hands.

Design features of hip roofs

Hip roofs give the building a certain chic, but the peculiarity of their design is that they perfectly withstand multidirectional wind influences. This is due to the rigid rafter system and the presence of triangular and trapezoidal slopes. An increase in the height of the ridge and the slope of the slopes makes it possible to place a habitable room under the hip roof.

The hip roof consists of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes, which are supported by a ridge run

The following distinctive features can be considered the design features of hip roofs:

The unique rafter system determines the strength characteristics of hip-type roofs and their resistance to atmospheric influences.

Roof project preparation

When preparing a hip roof project, it is necessary to determine the height of the ridge, since the angle of inclination and the length of the slopes will depend on this parameter. For a habitable attic space, the ceiling height must be at least 2.3 meters in accordance with fire regulations.

The angle of inclination of the slopes is associated with the choice of the height of the ridge, since this parameter determines the volume of the comfortable living zone

To prepare the project, after choosing the height of the ridge, it is necessary to make measurements that will help calculate the length of the rafters, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes and the volume of the habitable room. To design a roof, you will need the following parameters:

The developer determines whether the attic space will be cold or habitable, because the method of attaching the ridge run, the presence or absence of pitched windows, the design and number of truss elements depends on this. After preparing the project, you can begin to calculate the hip roof and elements of the truss system.

According to the author of this article, it is better to use the services of a design engineer to design a hip roof, especially complicated by bay windows, gables and tent fragments. During the construction of the mansard roof of a country house, the author was very helped by a set of drawings with the calculated length of the rafters, the method of their connection, the angles of the cuts and the number of fasteners. The list of insulation and roofing materials, indicating the area and installation procedure, made it possible to order them in advance. Purchasing project components minimizes material waste and saves time. The calculated dimensions of the truss system and a clearly defined assembly sequence saved us from marriage, unnecessary calculations and additional adjustments. Installation work was carried out by a team of four people with little construction experience, which even managed to difficult area joining the slope with the roof of the bay window, however, with the help of the consultation of the author of the project.

When designing on your own, you need to start by calculating the main parameters of the roof and the dimensions of the rafter group, creating your own drawings and layout layouts.

hip roof calculation

When calculating the parameters of the hip roof, the owner of the house sets the height of the ridge for practical reasons. For a cold attic, it can be less than two meters, and when building a mansard roof, you need to remember that according to SNiP, the height of the ceilings of a living space must be at least 2.3 m.

In preliminary calculations, the height of the ridge is first determined, and then the length of the central run, the size of the main and diagonal rafters

The length of the central run at equal angles of inclination of the slopes is chosen such that the ends of the run are located at the same distance from the side and end walls. In the course of further calculations, the dimensions of the rafters, sprues and auxiliary elements are determined. It is necessary to choose the type of truss system, since if hip roofs with an uninhabited attic are more typical of layered rafters, then both layered and hanging types of rafter connections can be used for roofs with an attic.

Calculation of the angle of inclination of the slopes and the length of the rafters

The stability of the roof to wind influences and the ability to withstand snow loads depend on the angle of inclination of the slopes. The slope of the slopes is the most important parameter for calculating the length of the main and diagonal rafters, as well as the joists. We take the following parameters as the basis for calculations:

• ridge height H k \u003d 3 m;
• building length L ds = 10 m;
• building width L dts = 6 m. We will denote half of this size as L pts: L pts = 3 m;
• ridge length L k \u003d 4 m;
• distance from the wall of the house to the ridge run T = 3 m.

The calculations are carried out in several stages.

Table: values ​​​​of trigonometric functions for the angles of inclination of the slopes of the attic roof

a, deg.	tg a	sin a
20	0,36	0,34
25	0,47	0,42
30	0,58	0,5
35	0,7	0,57
40	0,84	0,64
45	1	0,71
50	1,19	0,77
55	1,43	0,82
60	1,73	0,87

Calculation of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes of the hip roof

The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes must be known to calculate the amount of building materials and draw up a cutting pattern. The hip roof has two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes; to calculate their area, we will use the standard formulas from the school geometry course.

To calculate the area, it is necessary to increase the height of each slope by the size of the cornice overhang and keep in mind that their lengths will also increase.

Calculation of the volume of the attic room

The calculation of the volume of habitable under-roof space will be needed when calculating the heating and air conditioning systems of the attic. Since under the hip roof there is a multifaceted living space with a changing height and shape, then to calculate the volume it needs to be divided into simpler figures. Usually, they consider the section of the attic formed by some kind of rafter, break it into rectangles, triangles and trapezoids, calculate their areas using the above formulas and multiply by the length of the attic. The volumes of each part obtained in this way are added up and the total volume of the attic is obtained.

To calculate the volume attic space it is divided into elementary figures, the volume of which is calculated separately and added to each other

If, when dividing the attic, more complex elements are distinguished, then their volume is calculated by the formula V = S H, where S is the cross-sectional area, H is the length of the element.

Video: calculation of the hip roof truss system

Roof layout layout

The layout is a reduced copy of the roof; it can be used to determine optimal height ridge and the angle of inclination of the slopes in relation to the size of the building. The scheme of the hip roof truss system, made in the form of a drawing indicating the dimensions and location of the elements of the truss group, is called the layout layout. Such diagrams indicate the location, length and height of the ridge run, as well as the dimensions and number of main, diagonal and outdoor rafters.

The diagram of the truss system indicates the dimensions of the elements, their place of installation, the method of installation and the angles of inclination of the rafter legs

The drawing indicates the method of fastening parts, the angles and dimensions of the tie-in, the pitch of the rafters and the layout of the cornice overhang. According to the scheme, it is possible to calculate the amount of materials, cutting and piece-by-piece layout of parts at the installation site.

It must be taken into account that the calculated data need practical verification, therefore, before making templates for cutting parts, it is necessary to make a trial docking of the main and diagonal rafters.

Hip roof truss system

The hip roof is formed by four slopes, and its truss system contains elements of a gable and hipped roof. Basically, layered rafters are used, which are based on a ridge run, fixed on racks. The hip roof consists of the following elements:

• a power plate is mounted along the perimeter of the walls, if there is an internal main wall, a bed is attached to it;
• puffs or floor beams are installed on the Mauerlat;
• a ridge run is attached to the vertical racks;
• the main rafters, forming trapezoidal slopes, rest on the Mauerlat and the ridge run;
• diagonal rafters form triangular slopes;
• sprigs are shortened rafters that form a power frame between diagonal and ordinary rafters;
• struts and sprengels are used as additional supporting elements;
• fillies are used to lengthen the rafters and joists;
• the counter-lattice creates a ventilation gap;
• crate is used for fastening roofing.

The hip roof consists of standard elements and specific truss units that provide the necessary structural strength

In addition, the rafter legs are reinforced with crossbars and additional racks. Often these elements form the walls and ceiling of the attic.

Mauerlat and its dimensions

Mauerlat is the link between the building frame and the rafters and is a solid bar attached to the wall with threaded studs. To eliminate the bursting effect of the rafters on the walls, the Mauerlat bars must be attached to a continuous reinforced belt. Studs with a step of 80 to 100 cm are walled up in a monolithic belt.

Mauerlat runs along the upper perimeter of the building and is attached to the concrete reinforced belt with studs

Mauerlat evenly distributes the load from the roof to the walls of the building, its length is equal to the perimeter of the house. For its manufacture, pine lumber with a cross section of 150X150, 150X200 or 200X200 mm is used. At the corners of the house, the timber is connected to each other with the help of threaded studs.

Installation of the ridge run

The ridge run serves as a support for the main and diagonal rafters and is installed on vertical posts that rest on floor beams or a bed. To stiffen a rectangular structure, it is recommended to install diagonal braces between the uprights and the run. For the installation of the central run, a beam of 100X100 mm or 50X150 mm is used.

Installation of the central run is carried out with the help of vertical racks resting on a bed or on floor beams

Most often, layered rafters are used, but for habitable attic spaces, a hanging type of rafter can also be designed to free the living space from a pile of auxiliary structures.

The option with hanging rafters frees the living space from bulky structures as much as possible

In this case, the main and diagonal rafters are attached to the central run, which are reinforced with crossbars and posts that form the walls and ceiling of the attic.

The procedure for carrying out installation work

Before installing the hip roof truss system, workplaces must be equipped with ladders, scaffolding and ladders, since ease of use significantly speeds up installation. Then proceed to the assembly of the roof elements in the sequence described below.

1. A waterproofing material is laid out on a monolithic reinforced belt and pre-drilled Mauerlat beams are placed on it, securing them with threaded studs, washers and bolts.

   Mauerlat beams are laid on a roofing material waterproofing layer and fixed with studs through pre-drilled holes

2. Floor beams or puffs are attached to the Mauerlat in increments of 60 to 120 cm, and vertical racks for the central run are installed on them.
3. A ridge run is attached to the vertical racks, then the whole structure is reinforced with diagonal struts. Regarding the extreme legs, the run should have extensions of 15 cm for attaching diagonal rafters.

   The arrangement of the roof begins with the installation of the central run and the main rafters

4. Between the floor beams and the ridge run, rafter legs are set in pairs, the tie-in is marked and the rafters are cut. The extreme main trusses are installed, cords are pulled between them and the rest of the rafter legs are exposed along them.
5. With a large length of rafters, they are reinforced with crossbars, struts and racks. After that, the diagonal rafters are marked.

   To install diagonal rafters, it is necessary to carefully mark, cut and cut to fit with the ridge and Mauerlat

6. The marked diagonal rafters are cut and installed, if necessary, they are reinforced with trusses and struts.
7. The rafters are marked and mounted, the ends of the rafters are cut vertically on the cornice overhang, and frontal boards are attached to them.
8. A waterproofing membrane with an overlap of 10 cm is attached to the rafters and joists, a counter-lattice and a crate are mounted.

Based personal experience, the author of this article would like to recommend equipping a place for marking, cutting and template elements of the truss system at the construction site. It is convenient when accurate goniometric tools are in one place, adapted for marking and sawing. Equipped workplace saves time when preparing parts, which are then lifted and mounted without additional adjustment. Below, it is easier to prepare an assembly kit for fasteners for each stage of work.

Video: hip roof truss system

The roofing pie of the hip roof consists of the following elements:

• rafter legs;
• vapor barrier membrane;
• insulation located between the rafters;
• waterproofing membrane;
• crate and counter-lattice;
• roofing material.

The roofing pie of the hip roof serves to create a certain sequence of protective layers, on which the top coat is laid on top.

For a cold attic, a roofing pie consists of rafter legs, a waterproofing membrane, a counter-lattice, a batten and roofing material. The heat-insulating layer and vapor barrier film are not used here.

Ventilation of the under-roof space of the insulated hip roof occurs through a ventilated gap between the insulation and the waterproofing membrane. The ventilation gap is formed when the membrane is installed on the rafters with a sag of 1.5–2 cm, so air penetrates into the insulation through the perforated finish of the cornice and exits through the holes of the ridge aerators.

Roof ventilation is carried out through eaves soffits and ridge aerators

A vapor barrier film protects the insulation from evaporation from residential premises, and a waterproofing membrane protects the insulation layer from moisture from condensate. Condensation accumulating on the waterproofing is removed through a 5 cm high ventilation gap, which allows air to circulate and keeps the truss system intact. At the same time, the layer of heat-insulating material does not lose its properties from excessive moisture.

The cold loft is ventilated through the perforated holes in the eaves trim and dormer windows, as well as ridge aerators. The temperature difference between the external environment and the attic is minimized, so there is no icing on the roof.

The advantage of a cold attic is that there is no temperature difference between the roofing and the attic, which prevents the roof from icing.

With such a hip roof ventilation scheme, it is necessary to remember about the careful insulation of the ceiling and the upper part of the walls between the living room and the cold attic.

Video: hip roof dormer windows - cold attic

hip roof insulation

Roof insulation is carried out after the installation of the roof from the inside of the attic or from the outside when laying roofing cake. This sequence of work protects the insulation from unexpected precipitation. Thermal insulation material is placed between the rafters with a layer of 20–25 cm.

Insulation from the inside occurs by stuffing the insulation between the rafters and fixing it with a cord or fishing line

The following materials can be used to insulate a hip roof:

• expanded polystyrene with a size of 600X1200 mm and a thickness of 20 to 100 mm;
• fiber boards and mats mineral wool size 600X3000 mm and thickness from 50 to 200 mm;
• foam insulation, which include ecowool and expanded polystyrene.

The elasticity of mats and slabs allows them to be stuffed between the rafters in several layers with a shift in the joints to get rid of cold bridges, and foam insulation is applied by spraying using special equipment.

For different types roofing are produced certain types additional elements. On the hip roof, ridge strips with aerators, plugs for hip joints and tees for diagonal rafters are used. They close ridge and pitched joints, as well as cornice overhangs.

At the final stage of the installation of the hip roof, numerous additional elements are used.

Of the remaining additional elements on hip roofs, ladders, ladders, snow retainers, seals and drips can be used.

Skate extensions

Ridge extensions have different configurations and sizes, for example, a straight bar 150X150X2000 mm or a semicircular R110X2000 mm. Ridge bars can have aerators different type. Consider the features of the installation and docking of ridge extensions.

Installation of straight ridges on a hip roof is carried out with an overlap of at least 5 cm and starts from the side opposite to the prevailing winds. The slats are fastened in increments of 15 to 30 cm, and end caps are mounted on the extreme slats. The design of some ridge strips includes polymer aerators that provide ventilation of the under-roof space.

Docking of horizontal skates occurs with an overlap of at least 5 cm

The spinal planks are fastened, starting from the plug, from the bottom up, and at the junction of the hip ridges and the ridge they are joined with the tee Y-bars. If necessary, the docking points are additionally sealed.

The design of the round ridge is provided with stiffening ribs, which serve as locks for joining individual planks. Such ribs prevent the penetration of water into the ridge space. The round ridge is attached to the top lath of the crate through an air element, which provides air circulation through the ventilation gap.

The installation of a round ridge is carried out through a seal using special plugs.

When installing any type of ridge battens, it is important to ensure that the ventilated vents are not blocked and that air is allowed to circulate between the eaves and the ridge.

Wind bars and drippers

On the cornice overhang of the hip roof, drippers are installed to drain condensate, and to protect the under-roof space from wind and rain, wind or cornice strips are mounted on the crate.

A dripper on the eaves (pos. 7) is used to drain condensate, and a wind bar (pos. 5) protects the under-roof space from wind and rain

This type of extensions is installed with an overlap of at least 5 cm, the standard length of the planks is 2 m.

Video: installation of metal tiles and additional elements

Types of roofing for a hip roof and their installation

For a hip roof, different types of roofing materials are used, which are offered in large quantities by manufacturers. When choosing, you need to evaluate color scheme, ease of installation, weight and durability of the roofing. The cost and effective area of ​​the material are of considerable importance. Consider the most popular types of roofing:

• ceramic and cement-sand tiles;
• metal tile and roofing corrugated board;
• slate and ondulin;
• soft tiles.

According to the author of the article, attention should be paid to the noise-absorbing properties of the roofing material. From this point of view, metal profiles lose to ondulin and soft tiles with their excellent sound insulation. In addition, condensation forms on the metal surface during temperature changes, so measures must be taken to remove it. Soft tiles are easy to install, but for it it is necessary to install a solid crate of plywood 12 mm thick and lay lining material, and this somewhat increases the cost of its use. For these reasons, as well as due to the low weight and ease of installation by the author of the article to cover residential country house ondulin was chosen. During the operation of the roof, it became clear that during heavy rain a little noise was heard in the attic, and after the attic was insulated, extraneous sounds practically disappeared.

Installation of the roofing is carried out on the crate. Before roofing works you need to mount drippers, wind boards and brackets drainage system. Fastening of sheet materials is carried out with self-tapping screws with a washer and a rubber gasket in a checkerboard pattern. Laying the sheet covering of the hip roof starts from the center of the slope to the edges.

Installation of roofing sheeting begins with the first solid element, then sheets are attached symmetrically on the left and right

Installation is carried out along a cord stretched along the eaves. Soft tiles are laid from the bottom up with an overlap recommended by the manufacturer.

metal profile

The metal profile includes roofing corrugated board and metal tile coating. The total width of the metal tile sheet is 1180 mm, the effective width is 1080 mm, the length can vary from 765 to 8000 mm, the pitch of the crate is 350 mm. Roof decking has an assembly width of 1000 mm and a length of up to 6 m. The service life of these coatings reaches 50 years, while the material is lightweight and easy to fit.

Decking is easy to install and lasts up to 50 years

Slate

Slate is very heavy and brittle, therefore, in modern construction its light (sheet weight 6 kg) analogue is used - ondulin.

Slate is heavy and fragile, but still popular

The length of the ondulin sheet is 2 m, the width is 0.95 m, the usable area is 1.6 m 2 . Ondulin is mounted on the crate with a step of 45 cm, with a longitudinal overlap of 20 cm, the lateral overlap is one wave. Additional advantages: service life up to 50 years, good sound absorption, ease of installation.

The service life of ondulin reaches 50 years, while the roof is distinguished by sound absorption and ease of installation

The length of soft tiles is 1 m, the average width is 333 mm, the overlap depends on the type and shape, and the thickness is 6 mm. This is a lightweight sound-absorbing material that is easy to install, lasts up to 35 years, is inexpensive, but needs a continuous crate and a lining layer.

Soft tiles give the roof modern look and simply mounted on a solid crate

Do-it-yourself hip roof for a gazebo

A gazebo with a hip roof creates a single architectural space on the building site. For the construction, it is necessary to bring the frame according to the type of Mauerlat and then perform the following steps.

All wooden details gazebos must be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant compounds and give them an appropriate color shade.

We talked about the design and calculations of hip roofs, about the truss system and the step-by-step procedure for installing its elements. We touched on ventilation, insulation and the structure of the roofing pie. Do-it-yourself installation of a hip roof will allow you to save money and be completely convinced of the quality of the work performed. We hope that the materials in this article will help you in building a roof for a cozy home.

truss system hip roof refers to varieties of four-pitched roofs.

General scheme The hip roof truss system consists of four slopes, two of them have the form of a triangle, the other two are made in the form of trapeziums.

At the same time, trapezoidal shapes are interconnected by straight upper faces, and the side gaps resulting from such a connection are equipped with triangular slopes.

The advantages of using a hip hipped roof are aesthetic appearance and savings on consumables.

In addition, the hip roof truss system is an excellent solution for equipping houses with attic floors and a bay window.

But unlike the construction of other types of roof systems, the installation of a hip roof truss system requires much more labor.

Types of rafters and the main nodes of the hip roof

To design a hip roof structure, a diagonal or intermediate rafter arrangement can be used.

Also, the elements of the hip truss system are divided according to the technology of the device into layered and hanging.

The first type of roof structure is considered an economical and proven option. Most often, such systems are used for buildings with a support-type frame or with a load-bearing central wall.

The second system of rafters is difficult to install, usually its device is carried out on external wall openings.

Hanging rafters are attached only to the Mauerlat and to the ridge run, they are used if the distance of opposite walls does not exceed 6.5 m.

Rafter parts are made from dry timber 150x50 mm, pre-treated with an antiseptic.

Here is a photo of the design of the hip roof truss system.

The rafter scheme for a hip roof contains:

• braids (located diagonally or directed to the corners of the walls);
• elements of a trapezoid;
• short bars - sprengels;
• slopes, support posts.

The beveled parts are fastened diagonally: on one side to the lower support of the structure or to the beam extending it, and the second side is fixed to the other pair of truss elements.

Unlike conventional systems, these roof truss pieces are much larger given their dimensions.

They can take on more weight and act as a support for the outer rafter parts that do not reach the ridge beam.

The main details of the hip roof system are load-bearing beams and a ridge. In turn, the beams are divided into two types.

The first type of beam is made from the material used for the rafters. It is located transversely and is a support for the uprights supporting the ridge span.

Mauerlat is the second type of beam; bars 100x150 mm are used for its production. The beam is placed around the perimeter of the object.

If the building is built of wood, the upper crown will act as a Mauerlat.

Calculation of rafters for a hip roof

When designing a hip roof on your own, you need to pay attention to the choice of material, as well as take into account the amount of precipitation and wind strength.

Oddly enough, but it is precisely on the basis of these facts that it is possible to carry out the correct calculation of the slope and height of the roof.

The slope angle of trapezoidal slopes can be from 50 to 60 °, an example can be seen in the photo. Which of the figures will be optimal will depend on the strength of the wind and snow load.

With heavy snowfalls, the slope angle is made large, with strong wind loads, the angle is small.

Here it is necessary to clarify that the design of hip roofs becomes more complicated with an increase in the angle of the slope, and the consumption of material increases.

Having learned the height readings and the slope angle, we will calculate the rafters using the example of a hipped roof structure with two identical shapes of trapezoids and triangles.

The calculation can be in the following order:

• When the slope angle is noted as the main indicator, then the height of the ridge beam is calculated as follows: (angle tangent) x (by the step between the edges of the slopes) / 2. Based on the indicator of the height of the roof, the calculation is made in the opposite direction. Determine the value of the tangent of the angle: (roof height) x 2 / (for the gap between the edges of the slopes);
• The length of the roof slope is calculated using t. Pythagoras. The sum of the legs of the triangle is determined and the square is calculated. By the same principle, the dimensions of the slopes are calculated by dividing the trapezoidal roof slope into two triangles and one rectangle.

Having determined the values ​​\u200b\u200band drawing up a drawing, a general calculation of the roof area is carried out. The total area is calculated by determining the areas of the hip and trapezoid sides of the roof.

The area of ​​a trapezoid figure is equal to the sum of the values ​​​​of its bases divided by two and multiplied by the height.

The area of ​​a triangle is calculated as half the product of the length of the base and the height divided by two.

The roof area can be found by combining the values ​​\u200b\u200band multiplying them by 2.

By doing this calculation, you can determine the number building material for the construction of the frame of the crate and the hip roof.

Also, using this indicator of magnitude, it is possible to calculate the required number of hydro- and heat-insulating products and the number of fasteners.

Hip roof rafter device

The device of the truss system begins with the installation of beams. First of all, the Mauerlat is installed, then the transverse beam.

The racks of the ridge support of the rafter system are mounted vertically and fixed with self-tapping screws; jibs are used to strengthen the support racks. The skate must be exactly in the center of the object.

The material for the ridge and rafters is the same, with parameters of 150x50 mm.

Next, four sloping elements with equal length are mounted, special attention is paid to the working process, since it is at this stage that all the planes of the slopes of the structure are laid, which should have perfect evenness.

The diagonal rafter has the longest length, which is why it is necessary to connect several rafter boards into one.

Each of them should be attached to the ridge beam and protrude 0.5 or 1 m beyond the wall of the house.

Thus, a cornice is arranged as in the photo, subsequently protecting the walls from precipitation.

As for the section of the rafter material, it is chosen depending on the slope of the roof, taking into account the loads of the space between the main walls and between the rafters.

Installation instructions for intermediate rafters

When arranging a truss system for a hip roof, the following instructions must be observed:

• Intermediate and central rafters are attached to the top of the ridge beam, their second edge should protrude beyond bearing walls. With the right number of details are determined, given the length of the house;
• When the corner elements are mounted, their upper edge is arranged on the slopes. As you approach the corners of the walls, their length decreases.

To eliminate the appearance of inaccuracies in the arrangement of the hip roof truss system, a correctly drawn up drawing of the future structure will allow, where the attachment points of the central parts are accurately marked.

The classic method involves the initial installation of the central rafters - 3 parts on each side. Fasteners are located along the edges of the ridge beam.

In order to install the first rafter on the hip, one point is marked in the center of the wall on the Mauerlat and the point of the center of the thickness of the ridge beam.

Then they carry out the device of the central part for trapezoidal slopes, and in parallel to them all intermediate rafters are installed.

Double bevel cuts are made on the central and diagonal elements that will intersect during installation. It is recommended to strengthen the connections with screeds.

Features of mounting sprockets

Corner rafters are mounted parallel to the main ones. A saw cut is made on the shortened parts, then each of them is laid and fixed on the braids.

Fixing is carried out using self-tapping screws or nails. Also, their connection can be carried out using a support made of timber, fixed on a diagonal element or by cutting.

Corner elements (spreaders) of a hip roof, triangular and trapezoidal slopes, are not recommended to be connected, in one place, with diagonal elements.

If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house has a large width, then it is necessary to carry out a calculation, while noting the degree of sagging of the intermediate and diagonal rafters.

The central element of the hip structure system is attached to the ridge beam using two wooden skates.

In order to make the corners of the hip truss system more durable, they mount sprengels (additional bars).

Their use allows you to support the diagonal elements of the rafter and thereby give the structure strength.

Lathing and insulation for a hip roof

The frame of the lathing of the hip roof truss system is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the device of the selected roofing material.

Installation of the crate can be carried out using wooden beams or boards. The cross section of the bars should be 50x50 mm, the thickness of the boards should be at least 20 cm.

Lathing structures can be solid or with gaps, the step of their location will depend on the type and size of the roofing product.

When insulating a hip roof, three methods can be used:

• heat-insulating material is mounted between the bars of the truss system;
• insulation is laid directly on the rafters;
• an insulating layer is placed under the rafters.

At the moment, the most common technology is the first option. Mineral wool can be used as thermal insulation, liquid foam or polyurethane foam.

It is important in the process of insulating the hip roof not to block the ventilation gap.

Depending on the chosen type of roof construction, a waterproofing material is selected, which is mounted on the insulation layer or under it on the rafters.

The hip roof is characterized by a large number of advantageous moments, among which are attractive geometry, uniform heating and protection of the structure from precipitation. Even strong gusts of wind do not affect such a structure, since it does not have gables. If we compare it with a gable roof, it can be noted that the probability of deformation of the hip roof is much less. It is possible to list the advantages of such a roof for a very long time, but we must not forget that the hip roof truss system is a rather complex structure. This fact can be a significant reason when choosing the type of roof. Despite this, private developers very often build a hip structure, due to its similarity to a hipped frame.

Some features of the hip roof

When comparing the hip and gable roof you can immediately notice that in the device of the hip roof there are no vertical walls of the gables. They are replaced by triangular slopes located at the ends. Due to this, the visual and real volume of the roof is significantly reduced. With economic side the benefit of this is debatable, as there is an increase in costs when cutting large sheets of roofing material into hips.

Like any structure, the hip roof is conditionally divided into simple geometric figures. The simplest option has symmetrical slopes: two in the form of a trapezoid and two in the form of a triangle. That is, the whole structure consists of four slopes, which served as the basis for the parallel name - hipped roof.

The side section of the hip roof resembles a conventional gable roof in the shape of a triangle. When visually inspected in profile, you can see a trapezoid, which is conditionally divided into a rectangle with unfolded triangles adjoining on the sides. The shape of the trapezoid is determined directly by the developer and depends on the ratio of the length of the ridge to the length of the cornice overhang. The part of the structure, which has the shape of a rectangle, is built on the basis of roofing standards for the construction of hanging and layered truss systems.

The hips that replace the gables must be installed with a certain slope, since the design provides for their connection with the inclined sides of the trapezoid. It is the device of the hips that is the most difficult stage in the arrangement of the hip truss system. For those who decide to do the work by analogy with the usual pitched method, we can say that nothing will come of it. The thing is that the length of the ridge run does not correspond to the length of the slope, therefore, the rafter legs of the hips in the upper part, as well as the triangular parts of the large slopes adjacent to them, remain without support.

As a support, the design provides for the installation of special rafter legs that connect the ridge beam and the corners of the structure. A look at the hip roof from above allows you to notice that the sloping elements are diagonals, for this reason their second name is diagonal. In addition, the design of the hip roof implies that the diagonal will become a support for rafters of different lengths, which are installed at right angles to the overhang. These different-sized elements are called spawners.

Thus, the main elements of the hip truss system are:

• Ordinary hip roof rafters, the lower part of which rests on floor beams or Mauerlat. Depending on the type of support, the rafters can be hanging or layered.
• Diagonal rafter legs, necessary to connect the corners of the roof and the edge of the ridge beam. Such elements can be used both for convex corners hip design, and when arranging the concave corners of the valleys.
• Sprockets - elements that create the plane of the hip and parts of trapezoidal slopes that are adjacent to the diagonal rafters.

Description of diagonal rafters

Given the location of the diagonal rafters, it can be determined that their length will be greater than the same parameter of ordinary rafters. In addition, being a support for the spooks, they take on a rather large load. All this leads to the conclusion that the diagonal rafter legs should become reinforced. Most often, boards designed for ordinary rafters, but paired with each other, are used for this.

Paired braids allow you to solve three problems at the same time:

• Increasing the load without the risk of deformation of the truss system.
• Obtaining a solid diagonal element (building rafters leads to a weakening of individual sections).
• Reducing the cost of installing a truss system (two boards will cost much less than a solid beam).

The significant length of the diagonal rafters requires the installation of additional supports, the number of which is determined by the length of the diagonal.

Supports for diagonal elements

The design of the hip rafter system, regardless of size, requires the presence of supports that reinforce the diagonal rafter legs. With a sloping length of more than 9 meters, the installation of at least two supports is required. Spans of shorter length can be supported by one support located in the upper part.

The diagonal rafter legs can be supported by:

• Vertical posts installed directly on the ceiling. If the ceiling is reinforced concrete, then a piece of waterproofing material must be placed under the rack.
• The struts, which rest against the bed with their lower part and are located at an angle of 45 degrees, and the magnitude of the angle of inclination does not play a special role.
• Sprengels, which are made in the form of the letter "T" inverted. This element is used when the diagonal needs two or more supports (read also: ""). When installing, it is important to ensure that the base of the sprengel is perpendicular to the slope. In most cases, such supports are placed closer to the corner of the roof, that is, at the bottom of the rafters.

Additional supports are best made from twin boards and installed in places where the greatest load is expected.

The design of the reference points of the slopes of the rafters

The upper part of the slanting rafter leg rests against the ridge beam. Design features hip roofs allow you to do this in several ways:

• If the roof structure has one ridge run, then the slope rests on the ridge console.
• If the rafter system has two ridge runs and ordinary rafters made of boards, then the slopes should rest on the truss, the base of which lies on the ridge runs.
• If the design provides for the presence of two runs, and the rafters are made of timber, then a surf is used instead of a sprengel. This element is made from cutting boards with a thickness of more than 5 cm and connects ordinary rafters to each other not far from the ridge.

Depending on the landing method upper part the braid is cut. You can fasten the diagonals with nails, while reinforcement with a twist of wire or a metal clamp is allowed.

In the lower part, the diagonal rafters of the hip roof supported by the Mauerlat are fastened with metal brackets or corners directly to the Mauerlat or to a specially installed corner beam.

The device of the conjurers

By means of the spears, hips and triangular parts of large slopes are formed. In the upper part, the element rests on a diagonal rafter, at the bottom - on a Mauerlat or floor beams.

The guards are installed in two ways:

• With the help of a notch. In the diagonal rafters, nests are cut down at a distance of 20 cm from each other, while it should be remembered that the cutting of the sprigs of adjacent slopes should not be performed opposite each other.
• Installation of cranial bars, which will act as supports for the sprigs. To do this, take the bars 5 * 5 cm and chop them on the lower part of the braid. This option is considered more efficient, since cutting can weaken the strength and stability of the slat. In addition, the use of this method allows you to place the sprigs opposite each other.

The fastening of the sprigs in the lower part is carried out by analogy with the installation of ordinary rafter legs.

Installation of a simple hip rafter system

by the most in a simple way the construction of a hip roof is the purchase of a finished truss system and its installation. But building a hip truss system with your own hands will bring more pleasure and allow you to create a structure that matches the entire structure. To make sure own forces, you can practice on small buildings, for example, build a hipped roof over a gazebo or summer kitchen.

The creation of the simplest hip roof takes place in several stages.

Stage 1. Creation of a roof model and drafting.

The construction of any structure is preceded by the design stage. This helps to determine the shape of the structure and acquire the right amount of material. A simple hip roof does not require a complex drawing; it is enough to draw by hand an approximate diagram of the hip roof rafters.

To compose the simplest project hip roof, it is enough to follow the steps described in the following instructions:

• The parameters of the structure are determined, according to which an approximate drawing of the roof is drawn up in profile and full face. In order for the drawing to correspond to real parameters, it is necessary to select a scale, most often 1:25 is chosen. This means that the size should actually be divided by 25.
• The roof contour drawing helps to choose the optimal roof height, and in several versions. The most suitable pattern measures the angle of inclination of the slopes.
• Further in the figure, the points of installation of the layered rafter legs are marked, while each side must be divided into equal sections. The pitch of the hip roof rafters should be optimal so as not to increase the consumption of building material, but also not to reinforce the structure with an additional counter-lattice.
• The next step is to determine the length of the skate. It should be remembered that this part of the structure must connect an integer number roof trusses. On both sides of the long side, you need to set aside the same segments.
• Based on the figure, the required amount of material is calculated.

The number of fasteners is determined by the number of rafter legs, taking into account all nodal fasteners. For each rafter, you need to purchase two corners. Boards are best bought with a small margin so that you can eliminate random errors in construction. If the structure is being erected on a concrete or brick box, then care should be taken to purchase a beam from which the Mauerlat for the hip roof will be constructed.

Stage 2. Installation of the main part.

Installation of the hip truss system begins with the installation of the ridge part:

• Directly in the middle of the walls, to which the hips will adjoin, one board is nailed. A construction cord is pulled between them, which must pass strictly along the central axis.
• Two rafters are applied from one of the ends of the structure, their intersection should pass under the cord. The cut line of the upper heel of the rafter leg is marked, taking into account the ridge run about 5 cm thick. The necessary part of the element is cut down so that the envelope roof is of the required shape.
• According to the workpiece made, the rest of the rafters are sawn. It should be remembered that when erecting a hip roof with hanging rafters, the length of the cornice overhang is taken into account.
• Farms are assembled from two rafter legs and fastened to one nail.
• A ridge beam is installed through all the farms and rafters are nailed to it.
• In the lower part, the layered rafters are attached to the Mauerlat, the hanging rafters of the hip roof are attached to the floor beams. In both cases, fastening is performed using metal corners.
• Previously nailed auxiliary boards can be removed, as they are no longer needed.

Stage 3. Construction of hip slopes.

The rafters of the hip part are attached by analogy with ordinary rafter legs: the top is fixed with nails, the bottom - by means of corners to the Mauerlat or the upper log.

The installation is carried out as follows:

• Expose the first diagonal rafter and put a mark at the place of the saw cut. In this case, the lower part of the element should be located in the corner of the roof.
• Saw off the element along the intended line and fix it: top - with nails, bottom - with corners.
• The remaining diagonal rafters are installed in a similar way.
• To fill the hip slope, the sprigs are tried on and installed individually.
• After that, they proceed to the installation of the sprigs of the main slopes.

After installing all the elements of the truss system, the following is done: with the help of a wire twist, every second rafter is tied to a log of the second row or to wooden plugs that were previously laid in the walls. In addition, wire stranding can be embedded in brickwork or between blocks during the construction of walls. It should be remembered that from the top to the location of the twist should be at least three rows of bricks or two rows of blocks.

The finished truss system is closed with a crate. If the coating is soft, then the crate should be solid boards, plywood or OSB boards. Rigid roofing materials can be laid on a crate made of a bar nailed with a certain step.

Construction of a complex hip roof

The frame of a complex hip roof is being built in a similar sequence, but with minor modifications. For example, diagonal rafters should be fixed in a more durable way, with the installation of additional supports. The ridge part is installed after installation support frame, which includes a lying down and a ridge run from above.

It is much more difficult to build a hip roof truss system than a conventional one. gable construction. However, a hipped roof looks more attractive both over a house and over a light building.

Having tested your strength in the construction of a hip roof over a gazebo or other household building, you can achieve a good result in the independent construction of a four-pitched roof over a residential building.

The roof protects the building from the penetration of adverse atmospheric phenomena into the premises. To guarantee the reliability and strength of roof structures, it is necessary to choose the right type of roof and know all its structural elements. The load from the coating and snow cover is taken over by the truss system. Most often, the hip roof becomes the most the best option. But what is she like?

What is a hip

The design of the hip roof is a four-pitched system. In the center of which is a ridge or just a junction point of the slopes. Roof slope - sloping surface,

This type is best suited for covering buildings that are close to a square in terms of, that is, having a large width. During the construction, there are no gables, the walls around the entire perimeter are of the same height. Optimal value the angle of inclination in degrees becomes a value between 20 and 45.

Its main parts are:

Structural elements of a hip roof

The device of the hip roof truss system assumes the presence of the following elements:

hip roof elements

1. Rafter legs (rafters)- the main load-bearing structures (only available for rectangular hips) are inclined beams, resting at one end on the Mauerlat, and at the other on the ridge crossbar.
2. Narozhniki- rafter legs, resting with the upper and lower ends on the sloping legs. Mauerlat often acts as a lower support. These elements are the main structural parts of a square hip roof. With a rectangular shape of the building in plan, they are used in conjunction with conventional rafters, the pitch and section are the same.
3. Slanted legs- diagonal rafters forming end slopes. At the lowest point, they rest on the corner of the building. They usually have a larger cross section than ordinary rafter legs. They are relied upon by the guards.
4. Ridge crossbar- a horizontal beam located in the central part of the building (absent with a square building). The design of the hip roof assumes the presence of racks along it (with a gable roof, the support occurs on the gables). It is the top support for inclined beams.
5. Mauerlat- a beam installed along the edge of the wall from the inside. Provides lower support for the rafters, evenly distributes the vertical component of the load along the walls and perceives the horizontal (thrust). In timber or log house the upper crown of the wall structure serves as the Mauerlat.
6. Struts- inclined racks supporting rafters, slanted legs or crossbar. Intermediate supports allow you to reduce the cross section of the bearing elements. The hip roof truss system involves the installation of struts at an angle of 60 or 45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane.
7. Racks- vertical intermediate supports.
8. Sprengel- horizontal beams diagonally laid in the corner of the building. They provide support under the rack set to support the skew leg. This design transfers the load to perpendicular walls and is used when it is not possible to install the rack on the ceiling. For example, it is impossible to install a support post in the middle of a reinforced concrete slab, since the slab can withstand a certain load, in which the main component is the mass of furniture, equipment and people.
9. fight- a horizontal element that tightens the rafters preventing them from moving apart, can be located at the Mauerlat level or higher.
10. crate- boards or bars of small section, laid perpendicular to the rafters on top of them. They serve as the basis for roofing material. A do-it-yourself hip roof is often erected with the installation of a sparse crate (through one board), but you need to remember that in especially critical places (valleys, cornices) the crate is solid.
11. Control grille- bars or boards of small section. In the construction of the roof are not always used. They are installed on top of the rafter legs, parallel to them under the crate. Needed to raise the crate above the insulation between the rafters, thereby providing the necessary ventilation gap.
12. Filly- boards attached to the lower end of the rafters, providing the necessary overhang of the eaves.

Some of these elements are missing in the construction of a simple roof, the mandatory structures for the hip are:

• conjurers;
• sloping legs;
• Mauerlat;
• crate.

Preparatory work

Before you make a hip roof, you need to make several design decisions, namely:

Table for calculating the pitch of hip roof rafters

• rafter step;
• section of rafters and sloping legs;
• roof slope.

The step of the rafters depends on the purpose of the roof space and the width of the building. The larger the span of the rafter leg, the less you have to take a step. If the space under the roof is to be used as attic floor or a heated attic, additional insulation will be required.

Warming is carried out using three types of materials, depending on which the step is selected:

• rigid mineral wool slabs - rafter pitch 58 or 118 cm;
• polystyrene foam (polystyrene or extruded) - rafter pitch - 60 cm;
• polyurethane foam (foam) - any step.

Installation diagram of rafters in accordance with roof windows

These values ​​are due to the convenience of workers. If we take a step of supporting structures of 58 cm when using mineral wool, then convenient installation of standard slabs with a width of 60 cm will be ensured.

The manufacturer recommends that the thermal insulation material be a few centimeters wider than the distance between the truss elements when clean, this will ensure the most snug fit and prevent the appearance of cracks and cold bridges. The appointment of a size of 118 cm provides for laying plates in two strips in width.

When using expanded polystyrene with a standard width of 60 cm, installation with a spacer is not required. The material is held between the supporting structures by glue, special nails and the bottom battens. Gaps between wooden elements and slabs thermal insulation material fill with mounting foam or sealant.

Polyurethane foam in the form of foam removes the requirements for rafter spacing. The material can take any form given to it, which provides freedom of action in this matter.

If skylights are installed, their dimensions must also be taken into account. The clear distance between the inclined beams is taken 4-6 cm more than the width of the window. If roof insulation is not provided, choose a convenient rafter pitch, usually 1 meter.

Supporting the rafter legs on the truss

The cross section of the rafters is taken by calculation, but in the general case, you can specify the following values:

• 5x15 cm for spans up to 3 m;
• 5x20 cm for spans up to 4 m;
• 7.5x17.5 for spans up to 5 m;
• 7.5x200 for spans up to 6 m.

The values ​​are given for a rafter pitch of 0.9. As the distance increases, the cross section must also increase. The cross section of the oblique legs is also taken a little more.

Mounting

Do-it-yourself hip roof is a feasible task, but you need to know the main knots for connecting structures.

The connection of the rafter legs at the top point depends on the type of rafter. They may be:

• layered;
• hanging.

The top ones rest on the crossbar. To do this, a notch is made in a horizontal beam. Fastening is done with nails.

Hanging rafter legs provide for the absence of a crossbar. They are most often used when it is necessary to organize a free layout and the absence of a central wall. In this case, there is no support under the junction. Inclined beams are fastened together with nails. Additionally, at the junction, wooden linings 22-25 cm thick are provided on both sides of the rafter legs. These linings are tightened with studs or bolts.

To fix the rafters at the lowest point, a notch is made in the Mauerlat. Inclined elements are installed and fixed with nails or metal corners. The spears are joined end-to-end to the slanting elements, at the same level.

To resist the wind loads of the roof, trying to rip it off, twists of wire are provided that connect the lower end of the rafters to the wall. In the wall, the twist is fixed on a ruff (fixing device).

When building walls from wooden materials, staples can be used instead of twists. Twists or staples are installed on each rafter leg or through one.
If you build the truss system correctly with a competent selection of the section and the pitch of the rafters, the roof will last a long time.

A hip roof is a type of four-pitched roof, in which two slopes are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two (end) are triangular (having the same name as “hips”). If the end slopes occupy the entire area from the ridge to the eaves - this is a hip roof, if they do not reach the cornice - a half-hip roof.

The roof of the house performs a dual function - on the one hand, it is entrusted with protecting the building from external influences, and on the other hand, it is designed to decorate the building and give it individuality.

Historically, in Russia, preference was given to simpler one-, gable roofs, Europeans prefer a hipped or hipped roof, which has advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions.

Hip roof - advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

• great structural rigidity. It is achieved due to the corner ribs connecting near the ridge support beam;

• the possibility of arranging more protruding overhangs, which provides additional protection for the walls of the house;

• aesthetic appeal.

Minuses:

• complexity of calculation and installation;
• higher cost of project implementation;
• reduction in the area of ​​​​the attic (in particular, at the installation site of the diagonal supports);
• the impossibility of building an attic;
• natural light is possible only through the installation of windows in the roofing pie.

Since the shortcomings are not critical, the hip-type four-pitched roof is actively practiced in the modern construction of private houses.

Varieties (types and types) of a hip roof

When studying the device of the hip roof truss system, it should be noted that within this type, there are several types of structures. In turn, this makes adjustments to the overall process of erecting the frame of the truss system.

Classic hip roof

Differs in the support of the diagonal ribs on the support beam of the ridge and the location of the overhangs at the same height. The individual elements of the hip roof correspond to the triangle (gables) and the trapezium (slopes).

Hipped hip roof

Distinguished by the absence of a ridge support beam. This leads to the fact that all diagonal ribs converge at a single point, and ordinary short rafters already adjoin them. Such a roof is preferred in the presence of a square box at home. But the formation of a reliable ridge knot is quite complicated.

Half hip roof

It is distinguished by the presence of vertical gables in which windows can be installed. The picture shows the difference between two varieties of half-hip roofs (Dutch and Danish).

Broken hip roof or mansard hipped roof

The most difficult in terms of construction is the design of the hip roof truss system, since in this case, all the roof slopes have a different area and diverge at different angles. A broken (mansard) roof allows you to more rationally organize the internal under-roof space and, in addition to additional living space, give the house a spectacular appearance.

hip roof construction

Regardless of the type of roof, all types have the same elements of the hip roof truss system:

ridge support beam or ridge beam - used for a classic hip roof, it acts as a supporting element to which diagonal rafters are attached;

diagonal rafter (side, edge, slanting or corner rafter) - a longer rafter leg that is attached to the end of the ridge beam at an acute angle, forming one of the sides of the triangle;

central rafter - boards of the same length, which adjoin the ridge beam and form the edges of the trapezoidal roof slope. Between them are intermediate rafters;

intermediate or ordinary rafter - forms a plane of a trapezoidal slope, the distance between them determines the run of the truss system;

sprig or short rafter - a structural element that is attached to a diagonal rafter, forming a triangular overhang and the corner parts of the trapezoid.

hip roof calculation

The calculation of the hip roof truss system is carried out taking into account the following prerequisites:

• wind load in the region. The higher it is, the more gentle the slope should be, and the stronger the whole structure. For leveling strong wind the central and diagonal rafters are made thicker;

• the amount of precipitation. An inverse relationship is observed. The higher the amount of precipitation, the steeper the slope should be so that snow and rain do not create pressure on the rafter system;

• type of roofing material. Each type of roofing material puts forward its own requirements for the crate, and also has a certain weight. These factors must be taken into account at the design stage;

• the need for roof insulation. In this case, the installation step of the rafters is calculated taking into account the width of the heat-insulating material. In addition, the distance between the rafters depends on the type and section of wood.

The calculation of the roofing material is carried out according to the formulas, taking into account the angle of the roof. The optimal roof slope for roofing materials of various types is shown in the table:

The slope of the slope angle determines the laying of the rafters. In turn, the laying of the intermediate rafter is calculated as follows:

1. first, an center line is applied to the upper trim of the end wall;
2. then half the thickness of the ridge beam is calculated, and the placement line of the first of the central intermediate rafters is applied;
3. then the end of the measuring rail and the placement line of the central intermediate rafter marked above are combined;
4. a line of the inner contour of the side wall is applied to the opposite end of the measuring rail;
5. the resulting point is the laying of the intermediate rafter.

The ratio between the length of the rafters and their laying is calculated using a correction factor, the value of which depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. The length of the rafter leg is determined by multiplying the laying by the coefficient.

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Formulas for calculating the hip roof

Skate height
Ridge bar length	The length of the house minus its width
The length of the central rafters (trapezoid)		Pythagorean theorem
Length of ordinary rafters	Calculated similarly to the length of the central rafters
Rafter extension to form frame overhang
Tilt angle ordinary rafters
Diagonal length hip rafters
Narozhniki (short rafters)	First short rafter
	Second short rafter
Square hip roof

How to calculate the area of ​​a hip roof?

To know how much to buy roofing material, you need to know total area roofs.

To do this, you need to break the entire roof into constituent simple geometric shapes and make a calculation for each of them.

The calculation of the hip roof area allows you to determine in advance not only the cost of purchasing roofing materials and installation, but also determine the requirements for materials, as well as the need for arrangement and the exact configuration of the crate.

Drawing of the hip roof truss system

The result of the development of the project and calculations will be a diagram-drawing of the hip roof truss system. There are no similar drawings ready for use without taking into account the features of a particular structure and the place of its construction.

The development of a preliminary scheme can be done independently (a simple sketch will determine the direction of the project). But, it is better to entrust the drawing to specialists or use special programs for calculation. It should be remembered that the more complex the roof structure, the more accurately it is necessary to calculate the truss system: configuration and materials. This will also affect the cost and duration of installation work.

The hip roof drawing should include an indication of the purpose of the material, its installation location and method of attachment. The key nodes of the hip roof truss system, for example, the adjoining of diagonal supports to the ridge beam or the installation of rafter legs on the Mauerlat, it is advisable to put them in a separate drawing and describe them in more detail.

Drawing of a hip roof (layered rafters with an emphasis on two runs)

Drawing of a hip roof truss system with a bay window

The presence of a schematic drawing will be a good help in the manufacture of blanks and subsequent installation of the roof.

Tools for building a hip roof

The design of the roof and the methods of arranging the nodes determine the set of tools that should be prepared before starting work.

To work with wood, it is useful: a level, a hacksaw, a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, a stapler.

To work with metal structures, you will need an electric drill, a riveter, cutting shears.

Tool and expendable materials must be prepared in advance, because complex installation of the hip roof truss system involves a large number of cuts and installation of nails.

To simplify measurements and be able to make all parts of the same size, the masters advise replacing the tape measure with a measuring rod. The measuring rail is made of plywood 50 mm wide, on which the main dimensions are applied.

hip roof material

The species and type of wood have a direct impact on the durability and reliability roof structure. Masters are advised to give preference to lumber or pine lumber. All blanks require pre-treatment with flame retardants and antiseptics.

In addition to wood, you will need metal fasteners, nails, self-tapping screws, anchor bolts.

Note. Forming a hip truss system on wooden house, which can shrink, the craftsmen advise using floating fasteners to connect the rafters to the Mauerlat. This method compensates for the movement of the crowns during the natural shrinkage of a house made of timber or logs.

Hip roof truss system - installation technology

Do-it-yourself truss system devices step by step:

1. Preparation of blanks (rafters)

This is the most difficult and time-consuming part of the construction, because. connected with:

• the need to ensure a given angle of inclination of the rafter legs;
• different lengths of sprigs (short rafters);
• the presence of diagonal rafters (slanting), which are given special attention. Due to the length, the rafters carry a greater load than the main rafters, and therefore require the use of higher quality lumber with a large section. In addition, often the length of the diagonal rafters exceeds the standard length of the boards.

In order not to buy different lumber, in practice the splicing (pairing) method is used edged board to get the given length.

Advantages of rafter splicing technology:

• obtaining continuous beams of a given length;
• increasing the strength of the diagonal rafters of the hip roof due to the double section;
• simplification of the calculation and purchase of material (unification of dimensions: length and section);
• the possibility of using boards designed to form ordinary rafters.

2. Mauerlat mount

Mauerlat for a hip roof is wooden beam large section (100x100 or 100x150 mm) mounted around the perimeter of the walls. For Mauerlat, wood of the first grade is used.

The peculiarity of laying the mauerlat is that the beam is connected along the length only with an overlap, but not butt, using a variety of connection points with the base of the wall. The connecting nodes are additionally reinforced with metal brackets.

Since the purpose of the Mauerlat is to serve as a support for the rafter legs, it needs to be protected from moisture. For this purpose, a hydrobarrier is laid between the wall and the beam (for example, roofing material is used).

Note. Under the Mauerlat brick houses(or from aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete) a reinforced concrete belt is poured with pre-installed studs for mounting the beam. The hairpin has a diameter of 10 mm or more and should protrude beyond the Mauerlat plane by 20-30 mm. The installation step of the studs is 1000-1200 mm.

3. Installation of the run

A run is a beam installed parallel to the sides of the Mauerlat. The run serves as the basis for the installation of additional supports under the rafter legs. The run device is not a mandatory stage of work and is performed only for hip roofs of a large area or with a configuration of increased complexity. The location of the run is shown in the diagram.

It should be noted that the point of maximum load will vary depending on the location - on the ridge of the hip or on the edge of the valley.

Note. The hip hip roof is mounted without support, and a complex knot is formed at the junction of the diagonal rafters.

4. Installation of support legs

Racks serve as a support when installing a ridge beam (orange in the picture).

5. Installation of the ridge beam

Installation of the hip roof ridge is accompanied by accurate measurements. Since the entire roof structure will rest on the ridge, the correctness of its installation is checked by height and level.

6. Fastening rafter legs

Regarding the sequence of work at this stage, the opinions of the masters differ. This makes it possible to single out two areas for work:

1. the central rafters are mounted, and then the diagonal ones. This workflow is simpler;
2. diagonal rafters are mounted, and then the rest.

During installation, the lower part of the rafter leg rests on the Mauerlat.

The support of the rafters on the hip roof is shown in the diagram. The first option (with a notch) is simpler, but the second (with a support bar) is preferable, because. in this case, the fastening does not weaken the rafter.

The formation of a node on a ridge beam is possible in different ways.

Top mounting options for diagonal rafters are shown in the diagram.

Advice. For rigidity, it is advisable to reinforce all nodes with metal elements (brackets, plates, corners).

Since the diagonal rafters have a significant load, they can be strengthened using such means as:

• rack installation. Mounted on the ceiling vertically;
• brace installation. Mounted at an angle. The angle of inclination is not critical. The ability of the strut to reinforce the diagonal rafter is important;
• sprengel. In fact, this is a T-shaped short beam, deployed 180o. It is used on long spans and is installed so that its base is oriented perpendicular to the diagonal rafter.

7. Installation of ordinary rafters

Privates are installed similarly to the installation of the central rafters, which form the edges of the trapezoid. Their lower part rests and is attached to the Mauerlat, and the upper part rests against the ridge beam. It is important to observe the same distance between ordinary rafters.

8. Installation of sprockets (short rafters)

Narozhniki are made only from solid lumber. At the junction of the sprig to the long rafter, cuts are made or support beams are installed. The installation site is additionally reinforced with metal elements.

Note. The installation of the hip roof splices is possible in a run-up to simplify installation.

In any case, spawns are installed after formation power frame roofs. Their installation ends with the installation of the hip roof truss system.

Do-it-yourself hip roof step by step - video

The program shows the installation process of the truss system of a gable hip roof with a central bay window along a short wall.

After the rafter system is ready, you can proceed with the installation of the roofing, the specifics of the fastening of which determines the need for mounting the crate on the rafter legs.

Installation of a hip roof truss system is a lengthy process that requires attention to every stage of the work - from the calculation and selection of material, to the installation of parts and strengthening of attachment points. But, with the correct execution of all stages, the result will be a beautiful and reliable roof for a private house.