loops 

Installation temperature of bituminous tiles. All about bituminous tiles: structure, properties, installation. Lining layer for shingles

To roofing served the maximum long time, the laying of soft tiles must be carried out in accordance with the installation rules developed for this material. Each manufacturer has own instructions for installation, but in general, the basic rules for installation are the same.

Installation conditions

Installation instructions for bitumen tiles regulate temperature regime work with material. Laying is recommended to be carried out at an air temperature above +5 °C. Shingles - the elements that make up a flexible tiled roof, are connected to the surface of the base not only with metal fasteners, but also thanks to a special self-adhesive layer on the underside. High adhesion and tightness of the mounted coating is ensured by heating from sunlight - the shingles are reliably soldered to the base and to each other.

If the installation of shingles is carried out in cool weather, the adhesion of the sheets may not be strong enough. To heat the adhesive layer of the shingle, you can use a hot-air burner (building hair dryer). It is also practiced laying material on bituminous mastic. But there may be difficulties with the installation of the ridge coating, since the material needs to be bent. In cold weather, bituminous shingles become more rigid and brittle, and in the process of giving the shingle the desired shape, microcracks may appear in the material.


If a roofing have to be done in cool weather, packages with tiles should be kept for about a day in a warm, closed room.

If it is necessary to lay the roofing decking from bituminous piece material in frost, a small enclosed space is arranged on the roof of the structure - a rack frame covered with polyethylene film is mounted. Heat guns are used to create the required temperature inside a limited volume.

Base for roofing

Under the base for the installation of bituminous piece roofing is meant a truss system with a continuous crate. To ensure proper functioning roofing cake, a vapor barrier membrane is mounted on the inside of the rafter legs. From the outside, a heater is laid and a diffusion membrane is attached, which removes moisture from the heat-insulating layer and does not let it inside. Along the rafter legs, the slats of the counter-lattice are stuffed over the membrane.

Laying soft tiles requires an even solid base made of edged or tongue-and-groove boards or sheet materials - OSB boards, moisture-resistant plywood. Humidity of the material for the crate should not exceed 20%.


Sheet material is laid with the long side parallel to the eaves. Boards must span at least two runs and be attached to each rafter leg. The joining of the crate elements is carried out on a support, while the joints of adjacent rows of the crate should be located on different supports.

It is important to leave a deformation seam between the elements of the crate - wood materials change their linear dimensions under the influence of temperature and moisture.

Roofing cake, which includes shingles, should be well ventilated. This will significantly reduce the formation of ice on the surface in winter period, as the transfer of heat from the premises of the house to the roofing will decrease. In summer, the ventilation gap, the height of which should be at least 5 cm, reduces the temperature inside the roofing cake, resulting in less overheating attic room. In order for air circulation to be sufficient to remove moisture from the inside of the roof, special holes are left in the lower part of the roof (in the filing of overhangs), and an exhaust duct is equipped in the ridge.


Lining layer

Installation of flexible tiles requires the use of a special lining material. Piece bituminous coating is used on pitched roofs with a slope angle of at least 12 °. If the slope of the slopes is 12-30 °, a waterproofing lining is attached to the entire surface of the continuous crate. A slope angle of more than 30° requires the installation of waterproofing material in the valleys, along the eaves, above the chimney pipes and ventilation slopes, at the junction of the roof to the walls, around the attic windows. This allows you to reliably protect places where there is a high probability of accumulation of snow and ice.


The principle of installation of the lining layer depends on its features. The composite material of polymer film and bituminous filler is self-adhesive: it is carefully laid on the crate and rolled to ensure tight adhesion and remove possible bubbles. Polyester waterproofing material is laid using bituminous mastic and is additionally fastened in the upper and side parts with a 20 cm spacing with nails with wide flat heads, which are then treated with mastic. The lining layer is formed from strips roll material laid parallel to the eaves. Longitudinal overlap should be 100 mm, transverse - 200 mm.

The technology of laying soft tiles provides for certain principles for installing the lining in places of probable leaks. The width of the waterproofing layer is:

  • for valleys - 500 mm from its axis in each direction;
  • for the ridge - 250 mm each;
  • for end and cornice overhangs - 400 mm.

To ensure the tightness of the overlap places, they are coated with bituminous mastic.

Mounting planks

To protect the crate from rain moisture, gable and cornice strips are mounted. Installation of cornice strips (droppers) is performed on top of the lining layer. The instruction requires the installation of elements with an overlap of at least 200 mm. Fasteners should be arranged in a zigzag (staggered pattern) with a step of 10 cm. Gable strips are designed for the ends of roof slopes. Fastening is also carried out using roofing nails installed in 10 cm increments.


The waterproofing carpet of the valley is laid after the installation of the planks on the slopes. The color of the carpet is selected taking into account the color of the shingles. The material is fixed with nails in 10 cm increments. If there are vertical structures on the roof slopes, a waterproofing coating is also laid around them.

If the arrangement of the chimney passage through the roof is planned to be carried out after the installation of the finish coating, when planning the roof, the place where it will be located should be noted.

How to properly prepare the roofing system for the installation of soft tiles can be found in the thematic video.


Installation of roofing material

First of all, eaves tiles are laid - a special element of a soft piece roof. Not all manufacturers offer special tiles for the cornice overhang. In this case, it is required to use a strip of material that is cut out from an ordinary shingle - the petals are cut from it. Stepping back from the cornice overhang 2 cm, the resulting elements are glued.

Before starting installation on the roof, markings must be applied. The chalk lines indicating the arrangement of the rows of material make it possible to lay the shingles strictly parallel to the eaves. The vertical line indicates the middle of the slope. To make the roof look aesthetically pleasing, the coating is mounted from bituminous tiles, taken at random from several packs. This allows you to level the differences in the shades of the material.


Laying of shingles starts from the middle of the overhang of the eaves - the shingles are mounted to the right and left of the first one. The protective film from the elements of the roofing is removed immediately before installation. The shingles are pressed tightly against the base, and then additionally secured with roofing nails driven in above the groove: 4 pieces for each shingle.

If the angle of the roof slope exceeds 45°, it is recommended to use 6 nails each for fastening curly bituminous tiles.

The first row of shingles is located in such a way that their lower edge is 10-15 mm higher than the lower edge of the cornice shingles. Laying is carried out with the expectation that the petals of the bituminous elements cover the joints of the eaves shingles. The petals of subsequent rows with their tip should be above the cutouts of the previous layer or at their level. In places where the shingles adjoin the gable strips, the material is cut off along the edge of the roof, the edges are glued using bituminous mastic, and they must be smeared by 10 cm.

In order not to damage the bottom layer of the tile, when cutting off excess material, place a small plank or piece of plywood under its edge.

Arrangement of the valley

Installation of tiles requires a special approach to creating a reliable and durable design of the valley. Before laying ordinary tiles, a waterproofing lining is mounted under the valley, to which the flexible tiles are melted with a hot air gun or fixed using bitumen-polymer mastic.

Work on the arrangement of the valley should begin with a slope with a more gentle angle of inclination or a slope with a shorter length.

On the slope opposite the chosen one, parallel to the axis of the valley, at a distance of 30 cm from it, a line should be drawn. The shingles that reach this line from the first slope (with an overlap of the valley axis) are cut along the line and fixed with mastic or melted with a hot air gun. All shingles coming from a gentle (or short) slope are mounted in this way. Then a line is drawn on this slope, parallel to the axis of the valley and 10 cm from it. The shingles that reach the line from the side of the opposite slope are cut exactly along the line, and their upper corners should be cut to approximately 60 °.

Roofing nails can be used at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the valley. Therefore, when arranging it, the material should be glued or welded.

Ridge coating

Laying of the ridge coating is carried out after the installation of ordinary tiles. For these purposes, cornice elements can be used. In other cases, the material is cut from ordinary shingles:

  • if the shingle petals are rectangular, they are cut off, and the remaining wide strip is mounted on the ridge;
  • the shingles that form a pattern of hexagons during laying are cut into hexagonal fragments, from which the ridge coating is made.
To simplify and secure work with the roof ridge, scaffolds should be mounted.

Straight strips are heated with a hot air gun, bent along the axis and laid on the ridge with an overlap of 50 mm. Fixation of each strip is carried out on 4 nails.

Everyone knows that styling roofing material will have a positive end result only if you strictly follow the installation instructions and follow the recommendations of specialists. This applies to all roof coverings and to shingles including. And if you decide to use this particular material for roofing own house, then you will have to make sure that the installation instructions for the duration of the work become a Talmud for you.

Stages of roofing with bituminous tiles

Immediately make a reservation that bituminous tiles can be used on roofs, the slope angle of which will be at least 11.5 °. This is approximately a 1:5 ratio.

Stage number one - preparatory

Preparatory in the sense that it is necessary to prepare a roofing system for bituminous tiles, or rather, a roof sheathing. So, the crate for this roofing material should only be solid, therefore, either moisture resistant plywood, or OSB boards, or edged grooved boards. As for the boards, they should be very dry, the humidity should not exceed 20%.

It is very important to fix the crate tightly, it must be very strong and fairly even. Bituminous shingles can cover a small difference in the plane with themselves. There are several serious points in the construction of the crate.

  1. The joints of two adjacent elements must be located only on load-bearing elements roof structure. That is, on the rafters.
  2. If boards are used as battens, then one board should span two spans in length, that is, it should lie on three rafter legs.
  3. Again, with regard to the boards. The rafter system is subject to changes in temperature and humidity, so it is necessary to leave a small gap (2-3 mm) between the boards. This is compensation for changing the size of the boards.
  4. Be sure such a roof, covered with bituminous tiles, must be equipped ventilation system. Therefore, even at the stage of roof construction, it is necessary to leave gaps at the cornice and at the ridge.

Stage number two - laying the lining layer

What is underlayment carpet? This is a rolled bitumen-polymer material, which is covered with sand on top, and a polyethylene film is fixed on it from below. Laying is done with the sand layer up.

It is necessary to pay attention again to the angle of the slope of the roof slopes. If this is not less than 11.5 °, then there is no point in laying the lining carpet over the entire roof area. The main thing is to close the refractions of the structure and the extreme planes, which are most subject to loads. These are valleys, ridge, cornice, gables and junctions.

Attention! At the corner of the valley, it is necessary to lay the lining roll along, and the places of overlap between two adjacent strips must be glued and fastened with roofing nails.

It is better to apply several strips of glue. But glue cannot be applied under the entire plane of the laid roll.

All other sections are covered with strips of lining material and fastened to the crate with nails. The overlap of elements among themselves - 10 cm.

If the coating of the lining layer is continuous, then laying can be carried out either parallel to the cornice or perpendicular to it. As shown in the photo below.

At the same time, each laid strip must first be laid out, let it straighten out a little, and then pull it slightly with your hands. On the surface of the slope should be a flat surface without bubbles and distortions. The strips are overlapped with an offset of 10-15 cm. Fastening every 10 cm is done with roofing nails.

Now you need to install and fix the metal strips that are mounted along the edges of the roof slope. Namely, at the eaves and ends of the roofing system. Experts often call these strips cablemen. All metal planks are laid on top of the underlayment with a slight offset along the laying direction. Offset - 20 mm. Planks are fastened either with roofing nails or self-tapping screws. The fastening line is a zigzag, installation points every 10 cm, as shown in the video. The gables have a special shape with a side, which acts as a stiffener and drains rain and melt water.

Attention! If the cornice of your house has a curvilinear shape, then the cornice metal strips are installed in small pieces (segments), forming a curved line. The size of the length of the element must be determined by the roofer himself, who will cover the roof with shingles.

And another very important point. After the entire roof plane has been covered with lining material, another strip is installed at the locations of the valley. Its edge at the cornice should close the installed metal bar, and be glued there. And fastening along the laying in this case is carried out only with nails every 10 cm (see video).

As for the roof ridge, here the lining material is overlapped with respect to different slopes. That is, the upper edge of the lining spreads along one slope, not reaching the edge of the roof by 5 cm. In the second slope, the roll passes through the ridge to the first slope to a depth of 15 cm. It turns out that the overlap creates a continuous layer covering the ridge completely. This is clearly seen in the photo below.

Stage number three - laying shingles

All preparatory stages passed, you can go directly to the roofing with shingles. The installation instructions say that you need to start laying from the bottom, moving up, like, in principle, all roofing materials. But shingles have one point regarding the start of this construction operation. So the instruction says that the elements of the roofing are laid end-to-end along the eaves, and overlapped over the rest of the area.

At the same time, the cornice tiles must be laid a little deeper into the slope by about 2-3 cm. Be sure to align the edges of the material strictly along the cornice. To do this with an open line of the cornice is not difficult. The elements are fastened with nails closer to the place where the roofing material is cut (see video). Do not forget to remove the protective polyethylene film from the reverse side before installing the strips of bituminous tiles. The same will apply to the elements that will be installed in the main areas.

It is necessary to start the installation and fastening of sheets (shingles) of bituminous tiles from the middle of the slope, placing them further to the edges of the roof structure. The first row is laid so that it completely covers the cornice row. In this case, the petals of the upper row should cover the perforation of the cornice row. The element should be fastened with four nails, positioning 4-5 cm above the perforation. If the roof slope angle exceeds 45°, it is recommended to add two more nails per shingle and hammer them into the upper corners of the roofing element.

The edge elements of the bituminous tiles that will cover the gable planks must be cut exactly to size. And these edges must be glued. The glue is applied in several strips with a thickness of 1-2 mm. The length of one adhesive strip is at least 5 cm. After that, the glue is smeared over the surface of the lining material with a brush, the edge of the shingle is pressed by hand with little effort. Be sure to fasten the element with a roofing nail.

We return to the valley. On the laid lining material from the corner of the valley on both sides at a distance of 15 cm, two parallel lines are applied on each side. This can be done with a marker using a ruler or dyed thread. You just need to make marks at the lower and upper edges of the valley, connect them together with a thread (pull it well, which will require two people), lift and release, a clear line will be drawn on the surface of the valley material.

The edges of the material must be cut along the lines. It is better to do this with a construction knife, after placing a small board under the material and the blade of the knife. Now shingles of bituminous tiles are laid in place, the places of intersection of the shingle itself and the lining strip are marked on it. The tile element is trimmed along the resulting line. Now the bituminous shingle itself needs to be fixed, for which you need to use glue applied to the lining along the edge of the cut to a width of five millimeters. Be sure to make additional fastening with roofing nails.

The most difficult operation in this entire installation process is the laying of bituminous tiles at the junction (see video). For example, to the stove chimney. There are several positions that you need to know and strictly follow.

  1. It is necessary to install along the entire perimeter of the pipe in the lower part of the junction wooden lath with a triangular section. Size: 50x50 mm. You can use a cornice for these purposes.
  2. The lining carpet is laid over the installed rail.
  3. After that, a row of bituminous tiles is mounted adjacent to the vertical plane of the chimney.
  4. Now, a valley carpet is laid on top of the installed elements. It should cover the pipe itself in height by 30 cm, and in width protrude beyond the junction perimeter by 20 cm.
  5. A metal junction bar is installed on top of the laid valley carpet, which is fastened with self-tapping screws to the surface of the chimney. Be sure to fill under the bar silicone sealant, which will ensure complete sealing of the joint.
  6. On the side of the pipe, ordinary bituminous tiles are laid on top of the valley carpet, and can be laid under it.

And the last element of the roof is the ridge, which is also covered with shingles (see video). To do this, a strip is cut off from the valley carpet, the width of which should be such as to cover the ridge and slopes to a height of 50 mm or more. Fastening is done with nails. After that, shingles are laid on the ridge itself under this element, which are called ridge shingles. In principle, for this you can use cornice elements that are simply cut to the required size. Ridge shingles must be fastened with nails that will be covered by adjacent shingles, because the laying is done with an overlap (5 cm).

Attention! If a hip roof is covered with bituminous tiles, then the installation of ridge panels begins to be carried out from the lower edge of the rib near the eaves. AT gable roofs installation starts from the middle of the ridge.

With an inclination angle of 200, at least, although the minimum inclination angle may vary for different grades of bituminous material. The coating manufacturer must indicate the exact angle of inclination in the technical data sheet, as well as on the packaging.

There are no special restrictions for a large slope in the case of soft tiles; they are well attached even to a vertical surface, such as a wall or a vertical part of a roof.

Laying soft tiles will not entail any difficulties, but it needs special attention and care, and the durability of the roof depends on this.

What type of shingles are there?

The surface of the tile is covered with a layer of sand from the back, and a layer of self-adhesive bitumen is applied on top. The latter is protected by a polyethylene film, which, before starting installation work take off. The bituminous layer is designed to make the roofing more airtight. To increase the service life of the roofing, the adhesive layer should be created with an area of ​​at least 15% of the entire surface of the roofing, if this is missed, then the tightness will be broken.

Tiling sheets have standard dimensions of 33.7 x 100.0 cm, one package contains 21 sheets. This pack is enough to cover 3 square meters roofs. The packaging is light in weight, it can be freely placed in the trunk of a passenger car.

Before installing bituminous tiles, the surface should be prepared so that it is perfectly smooth, dry and grease-free, have a solid base of edged board, moisture resistant plywood or OSB. The thickness of the base depends entirely on the size of the gaps between the rafters. It should also be taken into account that the base should be covered with rolled waterproofing material to provide additional protection for the house from the effects of climate change. The use of additional waterproofing, that is, continuous or partial, depends on the level of the roof slope.

  • On slopes where the slope is not more than 300, the waterproofing layer is placed in rows, parallel to the eaves, over the entire roof area, however, taking into account the type of bitumen.
  • On slopes with a slope of 300 and above, waterproofing is laid only in the places of the chimney pipes, along the eaves, in the attic area and in those places where rain or snow water can be concentrated.

Waterproofing seams are sealed with bituminous mastic.

Shingles of shingles begin to be laid from below, in rows. The first row of roofing should hide the cuts and joints on the cornice tiles. The right ledge of the top course should cover the joints of the shingles from the first course. Care must be taken to ensure that the laying is uniform. The ends of the eaves must be evenly cut along with bitumen and treated with bituminous mastic.

Flexible shingles - a material that has become popular relatively recently. It has two important differences from other types of coatings:

  • base device technology;
  • allowable slope angle.

Shingles features

First of all, you need to understand whether it is possible to use a bituminous coating on the roof. Tiles are not intended for use on flat and low-slope roofs. For this, there are other options for bituminous materials - rolled. The minimum allowable slope of the ramp is 11-12°.

Because of physical properties there are restrictions on maximum slope. It is not recommended to use bitumen for roofs steeper than 45°. In this case, the probability of slipping of the substance when heated in the sun increases.

The second difference between soft shingles and other roofing materials is the need for a solid foundation. Fastening sheets implies the presence of a continuous crate or laying sheets of moisture-resistant plywood under the coating. The use of sparse crates of boards is not allowed.

Tiled base device

Do-it-yourself installation of bituminous tiles begins with the installation of a base for individual elements. As mentioned earlier, moisture-resistant plywood or edged board is used for this. Before this they erect truss system, perform vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing of the roof.

In general, the following requirements are put forward for the foundation:

  • full coverage;
  • smoothness;
  • dryness;
  • no pollution.

The thickness of plywood sheets is taken depending on the pitch of the stops. The larger it is, the greater the load on the base will be. The minimum thickness is 9 mm. When using thinner sheets, they are laid in 2-3 layers with spaced seams. For the flooring device, a material with increased moisture resistance (FSF marking) is needed. Such plywood is divided into 5 grades, for the installation of a bituminous roof, you can use any of those presented in stores.

Boards for the manufacture of continuous crates must be at least 25 mm thick. In northern regions with a lot of snow in winter, it is recommended to use a board with a thickness of 32 mm. Before installation, all lumber is treated with antiseptic compounds that prevent the appearance of mold and fungus. Optionally, they are treated with flame retardants (they increase fire resistance).

Sometimes you can meet OSB boards-3 as a base for shingles. This option should not be confused with the cheaper OSB-1 and OSB-2, which do not have the desired characteristics. Before laying, it is worth checking the marking of each element.

Self-tapping screws or galvanized nails are used to fasten the base to the rafters or the counter-lattice. Between the flooring elements, a gap of 3 mm must be left for the thermal expansion of the material.

Roof ventilation

When installing a heated attic or attic, you need to take care of roof ventilation. This moment is thought over even before laying the coating. Natural ventilation will be provided with the help of such elements as:

  • air holes in the eaves (often for this, a sparse filing of the eaves with boards or soffit strips is used);
  • channels and vents for the movement of air under the roof;
  • holes for exhaust in the ridge or along the slope (ridge and point aerators).

To ensure unhindered air movement under the roof, the distance between the insulation and the coating should be 5 cm when the slope is more than 20 °, 8 cm - when the slope is less than 20 °. If the installation of a counter-lattice is provided, it provides for small gaps for natural ventilation.

Total area of ​​hoods ventilation holes should be 1/300 of the area of ​​​​the entire slope. In most cases, it is sufficient to install only ridge aerators. If, according to the calculation, there are few of them, then additional point hoods are provided.

Lining layer

The next stage of laying bituminous tiles is the lining carpet. It is necessary to prevent roof leaks. The location of the waterproofing material is determined depending on the angle of the roof:

  • less than 18° - solid;
  • from 18 ° - in places of possible leaks.

If the roof angle is less than 18°, there is an increased chance that moisture will linger on the roof. In this case, it is better to play it safe and lay the lining layer over the entire surface of the roof slope. The work is carried out from the bottom up, the material is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

With a slope of 18 ° or more, it is worth laying additional waterproofing only in dangerous places:

  • cornice (at least 40 cm wide from the edge);
  • skate (overlap on each slope at least 25 cm);
  • overhangs over the pediment;
  • valleys.

Lining carpets are available in four types:

  • standard (fixed with nails in 20 cm increments);
  • combined (with an adhesive strip at the bottom, the top is attached to nails);
  • self-adhesive;
  • deposited.

The fastening technology depends on the type of material chosen. Before starting work, you must also read the manufacturer's instructions. Roofing material cannot be used as a waterproofing carpet. In this case, after a while the roof will go in waves.

Roof reinforcement

The roof of bituminous tiles is reinforced with special metal strips: eaves (marking KP), end (PT) and for the junction of the roof to the walls (PP). These areas are more likely to accumulate snow and precipitation, so extra precautions are required.

Planks are purchased at the same time as tiles. Their number must be calculated in advance. The standard length of one metal element is 2 m, but a length of 1.98 m is taken into account (taking into account 2 cm for an overlap at the junction). Roofing nails are used to secure the parts. Their step is prescribed 12 cm or less.

After installing the planks, self-adhesive tiles are glued along the eaves. It is placed end-to-end to the metal elements of the roof. After gluing, each tile is additionally fixed with nails. All joints and junctions are smeared with bituminous mastic.

Tiling

After preparing the base, they proceed directly to work on fixing the shingles. Shade of tiles from different batches may vary. To ensure evenness of color over the entire surface of the slope, two methods are used:

  • purchase of material for the entire roof from one batch;
  • alternation of different packages (batches) during stacking.

Otherwise, the color of the roof will turn out to be uneven, which will be striking.

Each individual element of a tile is called a shingle. Work on fixing the shingles begins with the eaves (from its central part). The distance between the first element of the coating and the eaves tiles is assumed to be 2-3 cm. The tiles of the second row are displaced relative to the first so that a beautiful pattern of the coating is formed. In this case, it is necessary to block the fastenings of the first element. There are two methods for laying tiles:

  • linear (vertical rows);
  • pyramidal (with a diagonal extension from the middle of the eaves).

On the gable cornice, the tiles are cut exactly along the edge. To prevent leakage, the cut edge is treated with bituminous glue, the strip width of which is at least 10 cm.

Each bituminous shingle shingle is attached to the base with 4-5 nails. Also, additional fastening is provided when the material is heated in the sun. In this case, the substance is slightly melted, the elements stick together with each other and with the base. A special roofing knife is used to cut the shingles.

After fixing the tiles on the slope, you need to decorate the ridge. Plastic aerators are usually not attractive, so they are covered with ridge-cornice tiles or elements cut from ordinary shingles. Details on the skate begin to mount from the side where the wind blows less often. The open edges should face downwind. This will prevent tearing of parts in strong gusts, since the edge on the dangerous side is covered by the next shingle.

Formation of penetrations

To bring ventilation ducts to the roof, chimneys, sewer risers and antennas, provide for special passages. In this case, you need to cut a hole in the roofing, underlayment and waterproofing: the area becomes a potential source of leaks.

In order to prevent damage even before the installation of shingles, additional insulation measures must be taken:

  • Plastic adapters - close the roof ventilation holes.
  • Rubber seals- are used for small hole diameters, for example, under the antenna.
  • Pass-through elements made of polymer - needed when removing ventilation and sewer pipes. They have seals that prevent moisture from leaking. The passage element is selected depending on the size of the hole and the color of the roofing material. Fastening is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Triangular metal slats marking PP - for places where chimneys or ventilation ducts made of bricks pass. On top of this plank, coating shingles are glued onto the bituminous mastic with an overlap on a vertical surface of at least 30 cm (in the northern regions it is recommended to take a large overlap). A metal apron is mounted on top, the joints are treated with bitumen. A groove is provided behind the pipe to prevent the accumulation of moisture and snow.

When installing roofing, special attention is paid to waterproofing. This is the only way to protect the building from leaks and unpleasant surprises.

Installation of shingles can be done independently. This material allows you to create a reliable and aesthetic roofing for pitched roof. Recently, soft tiles have attracted the attention of private developers, due to which they are gaining more and more popularity.

Lathing device

The bituminous tile keeps within on a firm equal surface of a continuous crate. Moisture resistant plywood or OSB boards are usually used as the material for creating the base. Also, a solid crate can be made of grooved or edged boards. Sheet material is laid with the long side parallel to the ridge. Sheets or boards are joined on the rafters "in a row" - on one rafter board there should not be joints of the elements of the lathing of adjacent rows.

If the step of the rafters requires trimming of the sheet material during installation, it is easier to pre-stuff the crate on the rafters from an unedged board calibrated in thickness (with the bark removed), and attach solid flooring elements to it.

On the prepared base, it is recommended to lay a lining carpet of primer roofing. It levels and additionally waterproofs the surface. Besides, this covering will provide high adhesion of a bituminous tile. Slopes with a slope angle of up to 30 ° are completely covered with roofing paper in one or two layers (overlapping vertically 150 mm, horizontally - 80 mm, laying parallel to the eaves). On steeper roofs, the lining layer must be installed in the area of ​​​​the ridge, valleys, and places where the roof adjoins vertical structures. Priming roofing is nailed, in valleys it is additionally glued.

Basic installation rules

When calculating the amount of material, some nuances should be taken into account. Bituminous tiles are designed to create a roof covering on roofs with a slope angle of 15 - 85 °. The packaging indicates the calculated surface for a slope with a slope of 45 °. When the angle of inclination changes, the consumption of material changes - for a roofing carpet of a more sloping roof, more material will be needed, for a steep one - less. Hexagonal shingles can be used on roofs with a slope of at least 20°.


The laying of bituminous tiles is carried out according to certain rules. To achieve a high-quality result, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime of work and the storage conditions of the material:

  • work on the installation of roofing should be carried out at an air temperature exceeding +5 ° C;
  • bituminous shingles should be stored indoors in a packed form, stacked on pallets no more than 16 rows in height;
  • primer roofing should be stored in rolls in a vertical position;
  • if it is supposed to work with relatively low temperatures, lining carpet and tiles must be removed to a warm room a day before installation.

Soft tiles during laying are not processed by a burner, in contrast to the bituminous built-up roof. A protective polymer film is removed from the lower surface of the element prepared for installation, and the part is placed on the prepared plane. The adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the base under the influence of sunlight (in hot weather) or a hot air gun (in cool weather). If bituminous tiles are mounted in cold or very windy weather, a special bituminous adhesive should be used.


Elements of bituminous tiles from different packages may differ slightly in shade, color intensity. To make the finished roof look aesthetically pleasing, it is advisable to spend a separate package of material on the slope. If a large area of ​​​​the slope does not allow this, the coating is mounted from elements that are alternately taken from several packages - this allows you to achieve a uniform distribution of shades.

In hot weather, the adhesive layer of bituminous tiles softens, and the coating can deform under load. For this reason, such a roof in the heat can only be moved with the help of stairs or roofing "cats".

Fastener Features

Roofing from bituminous tiles requires mechanical fastening of each element. For this purpose, they can be used:

  • screw nails;
  • shaved nails;
  • brackets (for mounting tiles on the crate without primer roofing).

The length of the roofing nail must be at least 26 mm and the diameter of the flat head must be 8 mm. Fasteners made of metal with high-quality anti-corrosion treatment are used. Each shingle is fastened with 4 nails, which are driven in at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides of the tile and 14.5 from its bottom line.

The head of the hammered nail should be flush with the surface. Protruding fasteners can damage the roofing element laid above. A deeply recessed nail creates a recess in which moisture can accumulate, which over time will lead to the destruction of the fastener.

Bituminous glue is used for additional strengthening of tiles in places where they adjoin windows and walls, on the ridge and in valleys, as well as for laying the coating in cold weather. Glue from the cans is applied with a steel spatula, squeezed out of the cylinders with a special gun. Since bituminous adhesive hardens at temperatures below +10 ° C, mounting the roofing in cold weather, it must be preheated. The glued shingle should be firmly pressed to the base.

Shingles installation

The first step is to fasten the metal eaves and wind battens to the underlayment using wood screws or flat head roofing nails. Fasteners are installed along the entire length of the bar in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 100 mm. Metal strips are mounted with an overlap of 50 mm. The laying of the underlayment carpet under the valleys is carried out on top of the cornice strips.

Next, a shingle for cornices is laid on top of the mounted cornice strip. The principle of installation depends on the type of tile: some material manufacturers advise leaving a gap of 1 cm between the bottom line of the eaves shingle and the edge of the eaves, in other cases it is recommended to overhang (1-1.5 cm) the roofing material over the eaves. If the manufacturer does not offer special cornice shingles, it is necessary to cut off several ordinary ones and lay out the first line of shingles on the cornice from the resulting adhesive strips, gluing them end to end.

The installation of shingles starts from the bottom of the eaves, from the middle line of the slope - the shingles are laid retreating to the left and right. The next row of roof elements is laid in such a way that the gap between the lower edge of the cornice row and the lower edge of the second line is 1-2 cm. In this case, a visual straight line of the cornice will be provided when looking at the roof from the ground. If the shingles of the bituminous shingles are rectangular in shape, each even-numbered row must be started with a shingle half so that the elements move diagonally.

If bituminous tiles are laid on the roof of a house built in an area with strong winds, the distance between the courses of shingles should be reduced in order to increase the reliability of the pavement. On such roofs, the visible part of the tiles will be smaller.

Secrets of a beautiful roof

Accurate installation of shingles with your own hands requires prior knowledge of some of the intricacies of laying. In particular, when bypassing the structural elements of the roof, including the dormer window, the distance between the extreme shingles on both sides of the element should be a multiple of 1 meter - this will allow all subsequent rows to be correctly mounted.

Before starting the laying of the material, it is recommended to draw a slope with chalk vertically and horizontally directly on the primer roofing, marking its middle line, as well as laying lines for every 4-5 rows of elements. If structural elements are located on the slope (mansard or skylight, chimney or ventilation pipe), then vertical lines are marked from them. This makes it possible to perform the installation as accurately and beautifully as possible.

Valleys and skates

Ridge shingles should be cut along the ridge line. Having completed the ventilation gap in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is closed with cornice shingles. Instead, you can use a trimmed regular shingle. To bend the shingle without the formation of microcracks, the material must be heated. Bituminous mastic will allow you to reliably waterproof the junction of the ridge coating to the roof.

Reliable waterproofing of the valley is carried out as follows: each shingle that falls on the gutter should, without cutting, be fixed on the other side of the gutter with mechanical fasteners and glue. In this case, only the shingles of the top row are cut off, and the gutter of the valley is reliably protected and will not leak during the long-term operation of the roof.