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House made of timber 140x140 for winter. What thickness of timber to choose for a house in the suburbs? Can a log house withstand strong winds?

Such a question, to be honest, is somewhat incorrect. The fact is that profiled timber can withstand any temperature, both -30 * C and -50 * C, but the point is, how much heat is required for this? Therefore, speaking about the limiting outdoor temperatures for profiled timber, one should consider the optimal ratio between the allowable heat loss, the required temperature in the house and the total thermal resistance of the timber wall, which depends on the thickness of the material, its physical characteristics and quality.

Does the thickness of the wall of a house made of timber matter?

If the walls are not additionally insulated, then of course it is. As mentioned above, the main indicator that determines the preservation of heat in a house is the thermal resistance of a wall made of timber. Depending on the thickness of the material, this value has the following values:

- for a bar with a thickness of 100 mm - 0.55 m2 x * C / W;

- for a bar with a thickness of 150 mm - 0.83 m2 x * C / W;

- for a bar with a thickness of 200 mm - 1.09 m2 x * C / W.

As you can see, the thicker the wall, the greater its thermal resistance, and therefore less heat is lost. A resistance of 0.83 m2 x *C / W provides an acceptable amount of heat loss through the building envelope in a temperate climate zone, which can provide comfortable conditions for living in a house. If we proceed from the requirements of building codes, then to ensure the economical operation of the heating system at a temperature of -30 * C, a minimum thickness of a beam of 380 mm is required, and a rounded log is more than half a meter. These values ​​were obtained by calculation, which took into account the position of the dew point inside the walls, the minimum allowable heat loss and ordinary (ie poor quality) material.

What temperatures can timber of various sections withstand?

Of course, no one uses timber with a cross section of more than 380 mm and logs of half a meter thickness when building a house, since they simply are not on sale, and, as practice shows, profiled timber with a cross section of 150 x 150 mm, without additional thermal insulation, completely provides comfortable conditions at outside air temperature up to -26*С. A beam with a section of 100 x 150 mm, at an outside air temperature of up to -19 * C, and a section of 200 x 150 at a temperature of up to -31 * C. Such a difference between theoretical calculated data and practical indicators is ensured by the high quality modern materials and advanced technologies for building houses from profiled timber. And the use of additional thermal insulation with a thickness of only 100 mm, when it is fixed on the outer surface of the wall, increases the thermal resistance of the structure by 2-3 times, respectively increasing the limiting temperatures. And then, the thickness of the wall can only be calculated as a supporting structure, selecting the required thickness of thermal insulation to reduce heat loss through it.

What thickness of a wall from a bar to choose for permanent residence?

The thickness of the wall made of profiled timber in the house for permanent residence determined by the climatic region of the construction of the house, the average and lowest outdoor temperatures in winter period. For a temperate climate with a design temperature from -24 * C to -28 * C, you can use a profiled beam with a section of 150 150 mm or 150 x 200 mm, providing a wall thickness of 150 mm. At lower temperatures, timber 200 mm thick should be used for construction. Or use an additional outer layer of thermal insulation.

Can a log house withstand strong winds?

Of course, it withstands, since the assembly technology of such a house provides for connecting rows to each other using special dowels, as well as reinforced fastenings at the corners of the building and at the junction of internal walls. The lower row of the beam is attached to the foundation with the help of embedded parts, the threaded studs of which pass through the beam through and through. A house assembled in this way for shrinkage is very durable, so even a very strong wind is not afraid of it. Modern technology construction of houses from construction wood guarantees their high quality and durability.

Insufficient for the climate of the central zone of the Russian Federation, the cross-section of the beam (without additional insulation and facade cladding, respectively) will force the heating boiler to work in the locomotive mode. Limited financial resources for construction + influence (wives, mothers-in-law) on the decision to save on thickness guarantee poor sound insulation and high maintenance costs at home.

The optimal thickness of the walls (width of the beam) means the ability not to spend money on useless heating of the street. Depending on the height of the profile, the features of the equipment, profiled timber or glued must be at least 190-200mm wide.

AT wooden house, for visits only on weekends in winter, in the absence of people, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of + 10-12Cº. Otherwise, after freezing / thawing, the tree will begin to crack. Upon arrival, it will be easy to heat to a comfortable temperature and then maintain it in a bar from 190mm. For a garden summer house, 140 or 150mm is enough. For a bath of such a section, a beam is theoretically enough, but it is better to cut down a Russian bath. The beam cracks quickly, twists strongly in the wall due to changes in humidity.

The ratio of the width and height of the beam profile has little effect on heat loss. Many are more concerned about the natural cracking that is inevitable when solid wood dries. From which, contrary to a common misconception, chamber drying does not eliminate 100%. Therefore, profiled timber is often given unequal dimensions: the width is greater than the height. Cracks form more intensively on a wider face and go deep into the wall. On the visible outer surface (on the short side) there will be few of them.

Most owners of timber houses with a wall thickness of 140-150mm should understand the inevitability of additional insulation from the facade side later. If the house has permanent residence, the process of throwing money into the furnace can be tiring after the first heating. Insulation is done outside: the insulation is the more effective, the closer it is to cold side walls. Plus the shift of the "dew point" towards the street.

In houses made of simple timber, in contrast to profiled timber, the facade cladding still protects flat joints without a lock-profile from water ingress and wind blowing. The most reliable and beautiful facade cladding is facing brick. The house looks rich, well protected from the weather. But, the final investment is several times higher than the cost of the additional width of the timber, sufficient in terms of warmth.


Interesting fact: after facing timber walls brick, the heating intensity does not decrease. This is due to the excessive moisture of the solid wood due to the lack of the possibility of unhindered removal of moisture from interior spaces outside the walls of wood. The thermal characteristics of the timber are deteriorating. The overall wall thickness is large and heating bills are rising.

The balance between the cost of wall material / heating costs over the years justifies the increase in wall thickness to 190-200mm. Need to understand: the cost of solid wood walls is only 1/4 of the total construction estimate(foundation, roof, communications, decoration). If financial possibilities allow, thicker is always better (warmer). The total heat loss at home also depends on the professional assembly; quality of insulation of the attic, floors, ceilings; glazing area.

High heating costs in winter, due to savings on the cross section of the timber, will gradually negate all the initial benefits. From intensive heating it darkens, expensive wood cracks. If you try to preserve the beauty of the array in this case, you will have to sacrifice something, although physically it calmly endures low air temperature. Turn down the heating - sacrifice human health.

When building their own wooden house, each person asks himself the question: "How to choose the optimal thickness of the beam for internal and external walls"? Our article will help you figure out what types and sizes of this material are, how to correctly calculate its thickness and understand for yourself what is the required thickness of a timber for a timber house in your case.

Types and sizes of wood for building houses

There are three types of timber for building houses.

  • Planed profiled and non-profiled;
  • Glued.

Round timber is actually a log, from which the bark and the top layer of the tree are cut off by a machine.

The diameter of the log is the same along the entire length, which greatly facilitates the construction of the house.

The disadvantages include:

  • high shrinkage of the log house (up to 10%);
  • the formation of cracks is also possible, especially in the corners of the log house and the joints, which is unacceptable;
  • in addition, such a log house has a high blowing capacity;
  • very vulnerable to fungus and mold damage;
  • due to low manufacturing accuracy and high shrinkage, additional caulking of the seams is usually required after complete drying.

It is made at the factory from wood with a residual moisture content of not more than 30%. To do this, the log is sawn to the desired size.

Standard beam sections:

  • 150x150,
  • 150x200,
  • 200x200 mm.

Its undeniable advantage compared to round timber is the absence of an extra tree, which means that the house requires a less massive foundation. In addition, it is much more convenient and, therefore, faster to build from a rectangular bar.

The disadvantages are the same as those of round timber, except for high shrinkage.

The profiled beam is different in that grooves are selected from opposite sides at the factory in such a way that during assembly the structure is assembled using the tongue-and-groove method.

In this case, a very precise connection is formed, which is practically not blown by the wind. The disadvantages remain the same, except for blowing.

Glued beams are already new technologies in production wooden beam for construction. It is devoid of all the shortcomings inherent in all previous types of material.

The beam is made from boards dried to a relative humidity of 2-10% and glued under high pressure into the package. After gluing, the finished package is profiled.

Due to the layered structure, it:

  • does not warp;
  • does not crack;
  • does not dry out.

Since the boards are treated with special antifungal compounds during the gluing process, the glued laminated timber does not grow moldy or rot. - Significantly higher price.

Ready kits for assembly

Many factories for the production of glued beams make special kits wooden houses to build with your own hands. The kit includes all the necessary elements with ready-made cuts for connections to each other.

All items must be marked. From such a set, the house is built as a constructor.

The maximum thickness of glued laminated timber is determined by both GOSTs and the equipment on which it is produced. Typically, material for walls is made up to 9 m long with thicknesses from 210 to 270 mm and heights up to 270 mm.

Rafters and floor beams are made up to 12 m long and up to 50x100 mm in cross section. I must say that there are other sizes.

A set for building a wooden house is made at the factory according to an individual order.

The package may include:

  • a sealant made of a special non-woven fabric that is not subject to decay and smoldering to ensure the tightness of the walls of the house;
  • or a beam with wedge-shaped grooves and protrusions to ensure the tightness of the connection;
  • tie rods and staples;
  • compression springs with a force of up to 2000 kg each, so that during operation the tree does not warp and gaps do not appear as it shrinks;
  • assembly drawings and instructions for assembling a house with your own hands;
  • specification of materials in the kit;
  • manufacturer's warranty obligations;
  • certificates of conformity of quality and ecology;
  • 3D models of the finished house.

How to choose the optimal timber thickness for your home

According to building codes and regulations (SNiP), the thickness of the timber for the house is selected depending on the climate of the area where the house is planned to be built. However, it must be said that there are some calculations by which you can set the exact value of this parameter.

Calculation formulas

The thickness of the walls of the house is selected in this case according to two main criteria:

  • sanitary and hygienic (standardized);
  • energy saving.

The required size for the walls can be calculated by the formula:

Sm = R * Kt;

where Sm is the required thickness of the material,

R - heat transfer resistance of the wall (depending on the region of residence),

Kt is the thermal conductivity of the material.

For the middle strip, the heat transfer resistance of the wall is assumed to be 3.0 - 3.2. Kt for wood 0.12-0.18 depending on the type of wood. For a specific region, this value can be found in the corresponding reference.

Thus, we get for a house built from pine timber:

Sm \u003d 3.0 * 0.15 \u003d 0.45m

Those. the thickness of the beam for construction should be 450 mm. In practice, material with such dimensions is not produced. To support indoors comfortable temperature walls need to be insulated from the inside. To insulate the walls both from the inside and outside, an imitation of a beam is used, under which a layer of insulation based on mineral wool is laid.

Advice! In practice, according to experts, with a wall beam thickness of 150 mm, a 100 mm thick insulation is enough, and if a beam is 200 mm, then 50 mm of insulation is enough.

Wall insulation

In order to make it comfortable for living, they use imitation timber for wall insulation both from the inside and outside. Due to the variety of shapes and sizes of this lumber, everyone can choose it to their liking.

Exterior finish

  • The standard simulation length is 3 and 6m. There are also sizes 2, 2.2, 3.6, 5.4m.
  • The thickness of the imitation timber is from 18 to 34 mm. Lamella width from 110 to 190 mm.
  • In practice, for exterior decoration, material with a width of 150 mm and a thickness of 25-32 mm is used in order to achieve the maximum similarity of the finish with natural material.
  • If you use a narrower imitation of timber, then the wall will resemble a sheathed clapboard, and therefore there is no point in overpaying.

In order to achieve a minimum number of joints with outdoor decoration the length of the lamellas should be selected more than the length of the wall.

So that over time the wall, finished with imitation timber, does not warp, to select the thickness of the imitation timber, you should use the SNiP, which regulates the ratio of the width of the lamellas and their thickness according to the formula:

T=W/5.5,

where T is the thickness of the lamella, and W is its width.

Advice! When laying insulation on the outside wooden wall a vapor barrier layer should be placed on both sides of the insulation. This is necessary in order to prevent moisture from entering both from the inside and outside.

Interior decoration

For interior decoration premises, it is advisable to use an imitation with a width of less than 110 mm. This is due to the fact that the wider the lamella, the optically smaller the size of the finished room. In addition, the thickness of the imitation timber in this case can be significantly less than with exterior decoration, and therefore cheaper.

They fasten the product indoors, often in different directions, which allows you to choose its optimal length. Usually take a length of 2 or 3m. With such lengths, among other things, it is much more convenient to work indoors.

Particular attention should be paid to the decoration of the ceiling. On the ceiling, the joints of the lamellas are clearly visible. Therefore, for ceiling filing, either imitation of a beam should be used for the entire length of the room or joined using the parquet method, alternating the junction of the lamellas with the middle of the next one.

Conclusion

It becomes clear that the process, with its nuances and some subtleties associated with calculations, including calculation optimal thickness material. Of course, this work is not the most difficult, but it also requires detailed consideration.

And the video in this article will help you deal with some other points.

A solid timber house, where it will be comfortable to relax or live permanently, is not only the beauty, comfort and charm of natural wood, but first of all it is warm. It is not surprising that one of the main questions of those who decided to build their dream home is what thickness of timber to choose. After all, the cost of materials, the need for insulation and the efficiency of heat saving in cold winters will depend on this. Well, let's figure it out.

Heat in the house is a relative concept and depends on many factors. If you wish, you can heat almost any building, the only question is how much you have to spend on it (time, money, fuel). If the walls give off too much heat to the street, in fact it turns out that you are mainly heating this very street. This will not happen only when the walls are thick enough, correctly calculated, processed and insulated.



What is the thickness of the beam?

To date, several types of timber are produced: solid, profiled and glued. The first is a log sawn from all sides and, in addition to its low cost, cannot boast of a large number of advantages. The width of the bars ranges from 150-220 millimeters. However, it should be noted that even the thickest solid timber will retain heat worse than a profiled one, because due to the lack of grooves and spikes, the interventional seams do not fit so tightly to each other and are blown more strongly.

Profiled timber is much warmer, more practical and easier to assemble houses. It may have several spikes and grooves. The more of them, the better the bars adhere, the wall becomes warmer and more reliable. The same can be said about glued profiled timber, which, among other things, is not prone to cracking. The width of the logs can be very different, but sections of 100x100, 150x100, 150x150 and 200x200 are most suitable for building houses.

What determines the choice of the thickness of the beam?

First of all, you should focus on the purpose of the building - they will live in it permanently or only during the summer season. For temporary use in summer period the ability of the walls to retain heat is not so important, so the thickness of the profiled timber of 100-150 millimeters is quite enough. If you are planning to live in a house all year round, we recommend a bar with a section of 200x200 millimeters.

It is also important to take into account the climatic features of the region. The Moscow region is located in the middle lane, winters here are not as severe as in the north or in Siberia, but not warm either. The value of heat transfer resistance in reference books is indicated as 3.0.

There is a formula by which you can calculate the required thickness of the walls in the house, depending on the climatic zone. The value of heat transfer resistance in the climatic zone is multiplied by the thermal conductivity of the material (for wood it is 0.15). That is, 3.0 * 0.15 \u003d 0.45 meters. In other words, 450 millimeters. The only problem is that a beam of this size is not available.

How about with insulation?

We faced a problem: according to the formulas and SNiPs, the thickness of the wall of a wooden house in the Moscow region should be 450 millimeters, but there is no such beam to be found. The only way out is to warm up. It is believed that 50 mm of insulation = 150 mm of ordinary timber. Accordingly, suitable options are:

  • timber 150 mm thick + 100 mm insulation (similar to 300 mm timber);
  • beam 200 mm thick + 50 mm insulation.

In the first case, exactly the desired SNiP 450 millimeters come out. In the second - 350 mm, however, as practice shows, they are quite enough to keep warm if profiled timber is used. After all, the degree of its blowing by the wind is much lower, warm air does not leave the house through the cracks, and the cold one has fewer opportunities to get inside.

Conclusion

No matter where and why you build a house, it will be warmer and more comfortable if you choose profiled timber. For temporary residence, a section of 100x150 or 150x150 is sufficient. For permanent residence in the Moscow region, a profiled beam 150x150 is suitable, subject to the arrangement of 100 mm insulation, or a profiled beam 200x200, subject to the arrangement of 50 mm insulation.

Venga specialists are always ready to advise you on any issues related to the construction of log houses, give their recommendations and bring them to life!

Many people believe that the thicker the timber, the better it is suitable for building a house for year-round use. For such a cottage, it is recommended to choose materials with a cross section of at least 150x150. But it's not. Thermal insulation properties are affected by insulation, window and doorways. The vestibule and the hallway will help warm the room. In this case, you can use a beam and smaller parameters.

In "MariSrub" you can order the construction of a house from a bar with a section of 140x140 mm. We provide quality and reliable finishing and insulation. We use only durable and proven materials. When ordering construction in "MariSrub" you will receive warm and cozy housing, which is comfortable both in summer and in winter.

The beam characterizes environmental friendliness, durability and attractive appearance. Timber houses look elegant, stylish and elegant. They will stand out from the background of other buildings. The beam is easy to process and stack. You will achieve any architectural forms.

Timber houses from the manufacturer

Masters of "MariSrub" procure raw materials, dry and make lumber on their own. We use the latest safe technologies that preserve the natural properties of wood, reduce the amount of waste and enhance the performance properties of products.

We offer construction country house from profiled timber. These are environmentally friendly and non-toxic materials of the correct geometric shape, which are easy to lay. Installation of a wall kit takes one to two weeks, and turnkey construction of a house will take two to three months.

We organize turnkey construction, which includes the design and manufacture of lumber for the project, the construction of the foundation and roof, the installation of a log house and finishing. We carry out work on the insulation of the walls of the house, install communication systems.

We process wood with antiseptics and others protective equipment in several stages. This will prevent the appearance of cracks, rot and mold on the materials, and increase the service life of the materials.

We build houses according to the finished and individual project. The architect of the company will competently and rationally draw up a project and plan the space of the house. Ideal for permanent residence two-storey cottages and houses with an attic area over 100-150 square meters. Projects with a terrace and a balcony are in demand.

Benefits of MariSrub

  • Own production and work without intermediaries;
  • For the manufacture of sawn timber, we use sustainable winter wood, which undergoes careful selection and safe processing;
  • When installing a log house and manufacturing a bar, we process natural wood with protective agents;
  • Affordable prices for timber;
  • High quality lumber;
  • Creation of an individual project and construction according to ready-made options;
  • Staged payment;
  • Fixed cost and clear budgeting;
  • Shrinkage warranty - one year;
  • Free design when ordering turnkey construction.

In the company "MariSrub" you can order the construction of a house from a bar 140x140 from the manufacturer. We offer a full range of work that is needed for the construction of a cottage for permanent residence.