Repair

GOST limit of fire resistance of building structures. Safety requirements for testing

28.03.2020

GOST 30247.0-94
(ISO 834-75)

Group G39

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING STRUCTURES

FIRE RESISTANCE TEST METHODS

General requirements

Elements of building construction. Fire-resistance test methods. General requirements

ISS 13.220.50
OKSTU 5260
5800

Introduction date 1996-01-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Complex Problems building structures and structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction of TsNIISK (TsPITZS TsNIISK) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTCS) on November 17, 1994


State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

3 This International Standard is the authentic text of ISO 834-75* Fire resistance test - Elements of building constructions. "Fire resistance tests. Building structures"
________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting the User Support Service. - Database manufacturer's note.

4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on January 1, 1996 as a state standard Russian Federation Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of March 23, 1995 N 18-26

5 INSTEAD OF ST SEV 1000-78

6 REVISION. May 2003

1 AREA OF USE

This standard governs General requirements to test methods for building structures and elements engineering systems(hereinafter referred to as structures) for fire resistance at standard conditions thermal exposure and is used to establish the limits of fire resistance.

The standard is fundamental in relation to the standards for test methods for fire resistance of structures of specific types.

When establishing the limits of fire resistance of structures in order to determine the possibility of their application in accordance with fire safety requirements regulatory documents (including certification), the methods established by this standard should be applied.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

3 DEFINITIONS

The following terms apply in this standard.

3.1 fire resistance design: According to GOST 12.1.033.

3.2 fire resistance of the structure: According to GOST 12.1.033.

3.3 fire resistance limit state of the structure: The state of a structure in which it loses its ability to maintain load-bearing and/or enclosing functions in a fire.

4 SUMMARY OF TEST METHODS

The essence of the methods is to determine the time from the beginning of the thermal impact on the structure, in accordance with this standard, until the onset of one or several consecutive fire resistance limit states, taking into account the functional purpose of the structure.

5 STAND EQUIPMENT

5.1 Bench equipment includes:

Test furnaces with a fuel supply and combustion system (hereinafter referred to as furnaces);

Devices for mounting the sample on the furnace, ensuring compliance with the conditions for its fastening and loading;

Systems for measuring and recording parameters, including equipment for film, photo or video filming.

5.2 Furnaces

5.2.1 Furnaces should provide the ability to test structural samples under the required loading, bearing, temperature and pressure conditions specified in this standard and in standards for testing methods for specific types of structures.

5.2.2 The main dimensions of the furnace openings should be such as to enable testing of structural samples of design dimensions.

If it is not possible to test samples of design dimensions, their dimensions and furnace openings must be such as to ensure the conditions for thermal exposure to the sample, regulated by the standards for test methods for the fire resistance of structures of specific types.

The depth of the fire chamber of the furnaces must be at least 0.8 m.

5.2.3 The design of the furnace masonry, including its outer surface, should provide the ability to install and fasten the sample, equipment and fixtures.

5.2.4 The temperature in the furnace and its deviations during the test shall comply with the requirements of clause 6.

5.2.5 The temperature regime of furnaces must be ensured by burning liquid fuel or gas.

5.2.6 The combustion system should be adjustable.

5.2.7 The flame of the burners shall not touch the surface of the structures being tested.

5.2.8 When testing structures, the fire resistance limit of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3, excess pressure in the fire space of the furnace must be ensured.

It is allowed not to control excess pressure during fire resistance tests of load-bearing bar structures (columns, beams, trusses, etc.), as well as in cases where its effect on the fire resistance limit of the structure is insignificant (reinforced concrete, stone, etc. structures).

5.3 Furnaces for testing load-bearing structures must be equipped with loading and supporting devices that ensure loading of the sample in accordance with its design scheme.

5.4 Requirements for measuring systems

5.4.1 During the test, the following parameters should be measured and recorded:

The parameters of the environment in the fire chamber of the furnace - temperature and pressure (taking into account 5.2.8);

Parameters of loading and deformation during testing of load-bearing structures.

5.4.2 The temperature of the medium in the fire chamber of the furnace must be measured by thermoelectric converters (thermocouples) at least in five places. At the same time, at least one thermocouple must be installed for every 1.5 m of the opening of the furnace intended for testing enclosing structures, and for every 0.5 m of the length (or height) of the furnace intended for testing bar structures.

The brazed end of the thermocouple should be placed 100 mm from the surface of the calibration sample.

The distance from the soldered end of the thermocouples to the furnace walls must be at least 200 mm.

5.4.3 The temperature in the furnace is measured by thermocouples with electrodes with a diameter of 0.75 to 3.2 mm. The hot junction of the electrodes must be free. The protective casing (cylinder) of the thermocouple must be removed (cut off and removed) at a length of (25 ± 10) mm from its soldered end.

5.4.4 To measure the temperature of samples, including on the unheated surface of enclosing structures, use thermocouples with electrodes with a diameter of not more than 0.75 mm.

The method of fastening thermocouples on the tested sample of the structure must ensure the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the sample within ± 5%.

In addition, a portable thermocouple equipped with a holder or other technical means may be used to determine the temperature at any point on the unheated surface of the structure where the greatest temperature increase is expected.

5.4.5 It is allowed to use thermocouples with a protective casing or with electrodes of other diameters, provided that their sensitivity is not lower and the time constant is not higher than that of thermocouples made in accordance with 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.

5.4.6 To register measured temperatures, instruments of at least 1 accuracy class should be used.

5.4.7 Instruments designed to measure the pressure in the furnace and record the results must provide a measurement accuracy of ± 2.0 Pa.

5.4.8 Measuring instruments must provide continuous recording or discrete recording of parameters with an interval of not more than 60 s.

5.4.9 To determine the loss of integrity of enclosing structures, use a swab made of cotton or natural wool.

The dimensions of the tampon should be 10010030 mm, weight - from 3 to 4 g. Before use, the tampon is kept in an oven for 24 hours at a temperature of (105±5)°C. The swab is removed from the drying cabinet no earlier than 30 minutes before the start of the test. Re-use of the tampon is not allowed.

5.5 Bench calibration

5.5.1 Calibration of furnaces consists in the control temperature regime and pressure in the furnace volume. In this case, a calibration sample is placed in the opening of the furnace for testing structures.

5.5.2 The design of the calibration sample must have a fire resistance limit of at least the calibration time.

5.5.3 The calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing building envelopes must be made of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 150 mm.

5.5.4 A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing bar structures must be made in the form of a reinforced concrete column with a height of at least 2.5 m and a cross section of at least 0.04 m.

5.5.5 Duration of calibration - at least 90 minutes.

6 TEMPERATURE CONDITION

6.1 During testing and calibration in furnaces, a standard temperature regime should be created, characterized by the following relationship:

where T- the temperature in the furnace corresponding to the time t, °С;

The temperature in the furnace before the start of thermal exposure (taken equal to the temperature environment), °С;

t- time calculated from the start of the test, min.

If necessary, a different temperature regime can be created, taking into account the actual fire conditions.

6.2 Deviation H average measured temperature in the furnace (5.4.2) from the value T calculated by formula (1) is determined as a percentage by the formula

For the average measured temperature in the furnace, take the arithmetic mean of the readings of the furnace thermocouples at the time t.

The temperatures corresponding to dependence (1), as well as the permissible deviations from them of the average measured temperatures, are given in Table 1.

Table 1


t, min		Permissible deviation value H, %

When testing structures made of non-combustible materials, on individual furnace thermocouples, after 10 minutes of testing, a temperature deviation from the standard temperature regime by no more than 100 ° C is allowed.

For other designs, such deviations should not exceed 200°C.

7 SPECIMENS FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING

7.1 Samples for testing structures should have design dimensions. If it is not possible to test samples of such dimensions, then the minimum dimensions of the samples are taken according to the standards for testing structures of the corresponding types, taking into account 5.2.2.

7.2 Materials and parts of the samples to be tested, including butt joints of walls, partitions, ceilings, coatings and other structures, must comply with the technical documentation for their manufacture and use.

At the request of the testing laboratory, the properties of the materials of the structure, if necessary, are controlled on their standard samples, made specifically for this purpose from the same materials simultaneously with the manufacture of the structures. Control standard samples of materials until the moment of testing must be in the same conditions as the experimental samples of structures, and their testing is carried out in accordance with applicable standards.

7.3 The moisture content of the sample must meet the specifications and be dynamically balanced with the environment with a relative humidity of (60 ± 15)% at a temperature of (20 ± 10) ° C.

The moisture content of the sample is determined directly on the sample or on its representative part.

To obtain dynamically balanced humidity, natural or artificial drying of samples is allowed at an air temperature not exceeding 60°C.

7.4 To test a structure of the same type, two identical specimens shall be made.

The required set of technical documentation must be attached to the samples.

7.5 When conducting certification tests, sampling should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the adopted certification scheme.

8 TESTING

8.1 Tests are carried out at an ambient temperature of 1 to 40°C and at an air velocity of not more than 0.5 m/s, if the conditions of application of the structure do not require other test conditions.

The ambient temperature is measured at a distance not closer than 1 m from the sample surface.

The temperature in the furnace and in the room must be stabilized 2 hours before the start of the test.

8.2 During the test, record:

The time of onset of limit states and their type (section 9);

The temperature in the furnace, on the unheated surface of the structure, as well as in other pre-set places;

Overpressure in the furnace during testing of structures, the fire resistance of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3;

Deformations of load-bearing structures;

The time of appearance of the flame on the unheated surface of the sample;

The time of appearance and nature of cracks, holes, delaminations, as well as other phenomena (for example, violation of the conditions of support, the appearance of smoke).

The above list of measured parameters and recorded phenomena can be supplemented and changed in accordance with the requirements of test methods for structures of specific types.

8.3 The test should continue until one or, if possible, successively all the limit states specified for a given design.

9 LIMIT STATES

9.1 There are the following main types of limit states of building structures in terms of fire resistance.

9.1.1 Loss of bearing capacity due to collapse of the structure or the occurrence of ultimate deformations (R).

9.1.2 Loss of integrity due to the formation of through cracks or holes in structures through which combustion products or flames penetrate the unheated surface (E).

9.1.3 Loss of heat-insulating capacity due to an increase in temperature on the unheated surface of the structure to the limit values for this structure (I).

9.2 Additional limit states of structures and criteria for their occurrence, if necessary, are established in the standards for testing specific structures.

10 DESIGNATIONS OF FIRE RESISTANCE LIMITS OF STRUCTURES

The designation of the fire resistance limit of a building structure consists of symbols of the limit states normalized for a given structure (see 9.1) and a figure corresponding to the time to reach one of these states (the first in time) in minutes.

For example:

R 120 - fire resistance limit 120 min - for loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit 60 min - in terms of loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limit states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit 30 min - in terms of loss of bearing capacity, integrity and heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the three limit states occurs earlier.

When compiling a test report and issuing a certificate, the limit state for which the fire resistance limit of the structure is established should be indicated.

If for a structure, different fire resistance limits are normalized (or set) for various limit states, the designation of the fire resistance limit consists of two or three parts, separated by a slash.

For example:

R 120 / EI 60 - fire resistance limit 120 min - loss of bearing capacity; fire resistance limit 60 min - for loss of integrity or heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the last two limit states occurs earlier.

For different values of the fire resistance limits of the same design for different limit states, the fire resistance limits are designated in descending order.

The numerical indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers in the following series: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 360.

11 EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS

The fire resistance limit of the structure (in minutes) is determined as the arithmetic mean of the test results of two samples. In this case, the maximum and minimum values of the fire resistance limits of the two tested samples should not differ by more than 20% (from greater value). If the results differ from each other by more than 20%, an additional test must be carried out, and the fire resistance limit is determined as the arithmetic mean of the two lower values.

In designating the fire resistance of a structure, the arithmetic mean of the test results is reduced to the nearest lower value from the series of numbers given in Clause 10.

The results obtained during the test can be used to assess the fire resistance by calculation methods of other structures similar (in shape, materials, design).

12 TEST REPORT

The test report must contain the following data:

1) the name of the organization conducting the test;

2) name of the customer;

3) the date and conditions of the test, and, if necessary, the date of manufacture of the samples;

4) product name, information about the manufacturer, trademark and marking of the sample indicating the technical documentation for the design;

5) designation of the standard for the test method of this design;

6) sketches and description of the tested samples, data on control measurements of the condition of the samples, physical and mechanical properties of materials and their moisture content;

7) conditions for supporting and fastening samples, information about butt joints;

8) for structures tested under load, information about the load accepted for testing and loading schemes;

9) for asymmetric samples of structures - an indication of the side subjected to thermal action;

10) observations during the test (graphs, photographs, etc.), start and end times of the test;

11) processing of test results, their assessment, indicating the type and nature of the limit state and fire resistance limit;

12) validity period of the protocol.

Annex A (mandatory). SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING

Annex A
(mandatory)

1 Among the personnel serving test equipment, there must be a person responsible for safety.

2 When performing structural testing, one 50 kg portable powder fire extinguisher, portable CO extinguisher, should be provided; fire hose with a diameter of at least 25 mm under pressure.

4 When testing structures, it is necessary to: determine a hazardous zone around the furnace of at least 1.5 m, into which it is forbidden for outsiders to enter during the test; take measures to protect the health of persons conducting tests if the test is expected to destroy, overturn or crack the structure (for example, installation of supports, protective nets). Measures must be taken to protect the structures of the furnace itself.

5 The laboratory room should be provided with natural or mechanical ventilation to provide sufficient visibility and conditions for reliable work without respiratory apparatus and thermal protective clothing during the entire test period.

6 If necessary, the zone of the measuring and control station in the laboratory room must be protected from penetration flue gases by creating excess air pressure.

7 The fuel supply system shall be provided with means of light and/or audible alarms.


UDC 624.001.4:006.354	ISS 13.220.50	OKSTU 5260 5800

Keywords: fire resistance, fire resistance limit, building structures, general requirements

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2003

Elements of building construction fire-resistance test methods. General requlrements

Instead of ST SEV 1000-78

1 area of use

This standard regulates the general requirements for test methods for building structures and elements of engineering systems (hereinafter referred to as structures) for fire resistance under standard conditions of thermal exposure and is used to establish fire resistance limits.

The standard is fundamental in relation to the standards for test methods for fire resistance of structures of specific types.

When establishing the fire resistance limits of structures in order to determine the possibility of their use in accordance with the fire safety requirements of regulatory documents (including certification), the methods established by this standard should be applied.

3. Definitions

The following terms apply in this standard.

Fire resistance design- according to ST SEV 383.

Fire resistance limit of the structure- according to ST SEV 383.

Limiting state of the structure for fire resistance- the state of the structure, in which it loses the ability to maintain load-bearing and / or enclosing functions in a fire.

4. Essence of test methods

The essence of the test methods is to determine the time from the beginning of the thermal impact on the structure in accordance with this standard until the onset of one or several consecutive fire resistance limit states, taking into account the functional purpose of the structure.

5. Bench equipment

5.1. Stand equipment includes:

Test furnaces with a fuel supply and combustion system (hereinafter referred to as furnaces);

Devices for mounting the sample on the furnace, ensuring compliance with the conditions for its fastening and loading;

Systems for measuring and recording parameters, including equipment for film, photo or video filming.

5.2.1. Furnaces shall be capable of testing structural specimens under the required loading, bearing, temperature and pressure conditions specified in this standard and in standards for test methods for specific types of structures.

5.2.2. The main dimensions of the openings of the furnaces must be such as to ensure the possibility of testing samples of structures of design dimensions.

The depth of the fire chamber of the furnaces must be at least 0.8 m.

5.2.3. The design of the furnace masonry, including its outer surface, must provide the possibility of installing and fixing the sample, equipment and fixtures.

5.2.4. The temperature in the furnace and its deviations during the test shall comply with the requirements of Clause 6.

5.2.5. The temperature regime of furnaces must be ensured by burning liquid fuel or gas.

5.2.6. The combustion system must be adjustable.

5.2.7. The flame of the burners shall not touch the surface of the structures being tested.

5.2.8. When testing structures, the fire resistance limit of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3, excess pressure in the fire space of the furnace must be ensured.

5.3. Furnaces for testing load-bearing structures must be equipped with loading and supporting devices that ensure loading of the sample in accordance with its design scheme.

5.4. Requirements for measuring systems

5.4.1. During the test, the following parameters should be measured and recorded:

Environments in the fire chamber of the furnace - temperature and pressure (taking into account 5.2.8);

Loading and deformation during testing of load-bearing structures.

5.4.2. The temperature of the environment in the fire chamber of the furnace must be measured by thermoelectric converters (thermocouples) at least in five places. At the same time, at least one thermocouple must be installed for every 1.5 openings of the furnace intended for testing enclosing structures, and for every 0.5 m of the length (or height) of the furnace intended for testing bar structures.

The brazed end of the thermocouple should be placed 100 mm from the surface of the calibration sample.

The distance from the soldered end of the thermocouples to the furnace walls must be at least 200 mm.

5.4.3. The temperature in the furnace is measured by thermocouples with electrodes with a diameter of 0.75 to 3.2 mm. The hot junction of the electrodes must be free. The protective casing (cylinder) of the thermocouple must be removed (cut off and removed) at a length () mm from its soldered end.

5.4.4. To measure the temperature of samples, including on the unheated surface of enclosing structures, thermocouples with electrodes with a diameter of not more than 0.75 mm are used.

The method of mounting thermocouples on the tested sample of the structure must ensure the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the sample within %.

5.4.5. It is allowed to use thermocouples with a protective casing or with electrodes of other diameters, provided that their sensitivity is not lower and the time constant is not higher than that of thermocouples made in accordance with 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.

5.4.6. To register measured temperatures, instruments of accuracy class at least 1 should be used.

5.4.7. Devices designed to measure the pressure in the furnace and record the results must ensure the accuracy of measuring Pa.

5.4.8. Measuring instruments must provide continuous recording or discrete recording of parameters with an interval of no more than 60 s.

5.4.9. To determine the loss of integrity of building envelopes, a swab made of cotton or natural wool is used.

The size of the tampon should be 100x100x30 mm, weight - from 3 to 4 g. Before use, the tampon is kept in an oven at a temperature ()°C for 24 hours. The swab is removed from the drying cabinet no earlier than 30 minutes before the start of the test. Re-use of the tampon is not allowed.

5.5. Calibration of bench equipment

5.5.1. Calibration of furnaces is to control the temperature and pressure in the volume of the furnace. In this case, a calibration sample is placed in the opening of the furnace for testing structures.

5.5.2. The design of the calibration sample must have a fire resistance limit of at least the calibration time.

5.5.3. The calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing building envelopes must be made of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 150 mm.

5.5.4. A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing bar structures must be made in the form of a reinforced concrete column with a height of at least 2.5 m and a cross section of at least 0.04.

5.5.5. Duration of calibration - not less than 90 min.

6. Temperature regime

6.1. During testing and calibration in furnaces, a standard temperature regime should be created, characterized by the following relationship:

, (1)

where T is the temperature in the furnace corresponding to the time t, °C;

The temperature in the furnace before the start of thermal exposure (assumed to be equal to the ambient temperature), °C;

t is the time calculated from the start of the test, min.

If necessary, a different temperature regime can be created, taking into account the actual fire conditions.

6.2. The deviation H of the average measured temperature in the furnace (5.4.2) from the value T calculated by formula (1) is determined as a percentage by the formula

. (2)

The average measured temperature in the furnace is taken as the arithmetic mean of the readings of the furnace thermocouples at time t.

The temperatures corresponding to the dependence, as well as the permissible deviations from them of the average measured temperatures, are given in Table 1.

Table 1

t, min	T - T_0, °C	Allowed value deviation H, %
5 10	556 659	+-15
15 30	718 821	+-10
45 60 90 120 150 180 240 360	875 925 986 1029 1060 1090 1133 1193

When testing structures made of non-combustible materials on separate furnace thermocouples, after 10 minutes of testing, the temperature deviation from the standard temperature regime by no more than 100 ° C is allowed.

For other designs, such deviations should not exceed 200°C.

7. Samples for testing structures

7.1. Samples for testing structures must have design dimensions. If it is not possible to test samples of such dimensions, then the minimum dimensions of the samples are taken according to the standards for testing structures of the corresponding types, taking into account 5.2.2.

7.2. The materials and details of the samples to be tested, including butt joints of walls, partitions, ceilings, coatings and other structures, must comply with the technical documentation for their manufacture and use.

7.3. Sample moisture must be within specifications and be dynamically balanced with an environment of ()% relative humidity at ()°C.

The moisture content of the sample is determined directly on the sample or on its representative part.

To obtain dynamically balanced humidity, natural or artificial drying of samples is allowed at an air temperature not exceeding 60°C.

7.4. To test a structure of the same type, two identical specimens shall be made.

The required set of technical documentation must be attached to the samples.

7.5. When conducting certification tests, sampling should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the adopted certification scheme.

8. Testing

8.1. Tests are carried out at an ambient temperature of 1 to 40°C and at an air velocity of not more than 0.5 m/s, if the design conditions do not require other test conditions.

The ambient temperature is measured at a distance not closer than 1 m from the sample surface.

The temperature in the furnace and in the room must be stabilized 2 hours before the start of the test.

8.2. During the test, register:

The time of onset of limit states and their type (section 9);

The temperature in the furnace, on the unheated surface of the structure, as well as in other pre-set places;

Overpressure in the furnace when testing structures, the fire resistance of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3;

Deformations of load-bearing structures;

The time of appearance of the flame on the unheated surface of the sample;

The time of appearance and nature of cracks, holes, delaminations, as well as other phenomena (for example, violation of the conditions of support, the appearance of smoke).

The above list of measured parameters and recorded phenomena can be supplemented and changed in accordance with the requirements of test methods for structures of specific types.

8.3. The test should continue until one or, if possible, successively all the limit states specified for a given design.

9. Limit states

9.1. There are the following main types of limit states of building structures in terms of fire resistance.

9.1.1. Loss of bearing capacity due to the collapse of the structure or the occurrence of limiting deformations (R).

9.1.2. Loss of integrity as a result of the formation of through cracks or holes in the structures through which combustion products or flames penetrate the unheated surface (E).

9.1.3. Loss of heat-insulating ability due to temperature rise on the unheated surface of the structure to the limit values for this structure (I).

9.2. Additional limit states of structures and criteria for their occurrence, if necessary, are established in the standards for testing specific structures.

10. Designations of fire resistance limits of structures

For example:

R 120 - fire resistance limit of 120 min in terms of loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit of 60 minutes in terms of loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limit states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes in terms of loss of bearing capacity, integrity and heat-insulating capacity, regardless of which of the three limit states occurs earlier.

When compiling a test report and issuing a certificate, the limit state for which the fire resistance limit of the structure is established should be indicated.

For example:

R 120 / EI 60 - fire resistance limit of 120 minutes in terms of loss of bearing capacity; fire resistance limit of 60 minutes for the loss of integrity and heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the last two limit states occurs earlier.

For different values of the fire resistance limits of the same design for different limit states, the fire resistance limits are designated in descending order.

The numerical indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers in the following series: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 360.

11. Evaluation of test results

The fire resistance limit of a structure in minutes is determined as the arithmetic mean of the test results of two samples. In this case, the maximum and minimum values of the fire resistance limits of the two tested samples should not differ by more than 20% (from the larger value). If the results differ from each other by more than 20%, an additional test must be carried out, and the fire resistance limit is determined as the arithmetic mean of the two lower values.

In designating the fire resistance of a structure, the arithmetic mean of the test results is reduced to the nearest lower value from the series of numbers given in section 10.

The results obtained during the test can be used to assess the fire resistance by calculation methods of other structures similar (in shape, materials, design).

12. Test report

The test report must contain the following data:

1) the name of the organization conducting the test;

2) name of the customer;

3) the date and conditions of the test, and, if necessary, the date of manufacture of the samples;

4) product name, information about the manufacturer, trademark and sample marking indicating the technical documentation for the design;

5) designation of the standard for the test method of this design;

6) sketches and description of the tested samples, data on control measurements of the condition of the samples, physical and mechanical properties of materials and their moisture content;

7) conditions for supporting and fastening samples, information about butt joints;

8) for structures tested under load, information about the load accepted for testing and loading schemes;

9) for asymmetric samples of structures - an indication of the side subjected to thermal action;

10) observations during the test (graphs, photographs, etc.), start and end times of the test;

11) processing of test results and their assessment, indicating the type and nature of the limit state and fire resistance limit;

12) validity period of the protocol.

GOST 30247.0-94

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING STRUCTURES
Fire test methods

General requirements

Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission
on standardization and technical regulation
in construction (MNTKS)

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation "Construction" of the Ministry of Construction of Russia together with the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Protection (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction TsNIISK (TsPITZS TsNIISK).

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTCS) on November 17, 1994

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
The Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

3.2 The fire resistance limit of the structure - according to the SEV 383-87 standard.

3.3 Limiting state of a structure in terms of fire resistance - the state of a structure in which it loses the ability to maintain one of its fire-fighting functions.

4 SUMMARY OF TEST METHODS

The essence of the methods is to determine the time from the beginning of the thermal impact on the structure in accordance with this standard until the onset of one or several consecutive fire resistance limit states, taking into account the functional purpose of the structure.

5 STAND EQUIPMENT

5.1 Bench equipment includes:

Test furnaces with a fuel supply and combustion system (hereinafter referred to as furnaces);

Devices for mounting the sample on the furnace, ensuring compliance with the conditions for its fastening and loading;

Systems for measuring and recording parameters, including equipment for film, photo or video filming.

5.2 Test furnaces

5.2.1 Testing furnaces shall be capable of testing structural specimens under the required loading, bearing, temperature and pressure conditions specified in this standard and in the standards for test methods for specific types of structures.

If it is not possible to test samples of design dimensions, their dimensions and furnace openings must be such as to ensure the conditions for thermal exposure to the sample, regulated by the standards for fire resistance test methods for specific types of structures.

The depth of the fire space of the furnaces must be at least 0.8 m.

5.2.3 The design of the furnace masonry, including its outer surface, should provide the ability to install and fasten the sample, equipment and fixtures.

5.2.4 The temperature in the furnace and its deviations during the test shall comply with the requirements of this standard.

5.2.5 The temperature regime of furnaces must be ensured by burning liquid fuel or gas.

5.2.6 The combustion system should be adjustable.

5.2.7 The flame of the burners shall not touch the surface of the structures being tested.

Loading and deformation parameters when testing load-bearing structures;

The temperature of the samples, including those on the unheated surface of the enclosing structures - the loss of the integrity of the enclosing structures.

The soldered end of the thermocouple should be placed at a distance of 100 mm from the surface of the sample.

The distance from the soldered end of the thermocouples to the furnace walls must be at least 200 mm.

The method of mounting thermocouples on the tested sample of the structure must ensure the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the sample within + -5%.

5.4.5 It is allowed to use thermocouples with a protective casing or with other electrode diameters, provided that their sensitivity is not lower and the time constant is not higher than that of thermocouples made in accordance with and .

5.4.6 To register the measured temperatures, instruments with an accuracy class of at least 1 should be used.

5.4.7 Instruments designed to measure the pressure in the furnace and record the results must provide a measurement accuracy of +-2.0 Pa.

5.4.8 Measuring instruments must provide continuous recording or discrete recording of parameters with an interval of not more than 60 s.

The dimensions of the tampon should be 100 ´ 100 ´ 30 mm, weight from 3 to 4 g. Before use, the tampon is kept in an oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 105 °C + - 5 °C. The tampon is removed from the drying cabinet not earlier; than 30 minutes before the start of the test. Re-use of the tampon is not allowed.

5.5 Bench calibration

5.5.1 Calibration of furnaces is to control the temperature field and pressure in the volume of the furnace. In this case, a calibration sample is placed in the opening of the furnace for testing structures.

5.5.2 The design of the calibration sample must have a fire resistance limit of at least the calibration time.

5.5.3 The calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing building envelopes must be made of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 150 mm.

5.5.4 Calibration specimen for furnaces intended for testing bar structures shall be made in the form of a reinforced concrete column with a height of at least 2.5 m and a cross section of at least 0.04 m2.

5.5.5 Duration of calibration - at least 90 minutes.

6 TEMPERATURE CONDITION

6.1 In the process of testing and calibration in test furnaces, a standard temperature regime should be created, characterized by the following relationship:

Table 1

When testing structures made of non-combustible materials on individual furnace thermocouples, after 10 minutes of testing, the temperature may deviate from the standard temperature regime by no more than 100 °C.

For other designs, such deviations should not exceed 200 °C.

7 SPECIMENS FOR STRUCTURAL TESTING

7.1 Samples for testing structures should have design dimensions. If it is not possible to test samples of such dimensions, then the minimum dimensions of the samples are accepted according to the standards for testing the corresponding types of structures, taking into account.

At the request of the testing laboratory, the properties of the construction materials, if necessary, are controlled on their standard samples, made specifically for this purpose from the same materials simultaneously with the manufacture of the structures. Until the moment of testing, control standard samples of materials must be in the same conditions as experimental samples of structures, and their tests are carried out in accordance with applicable standards.

7.3 The moisture content of the sample must comply with the specifications and be dynamically balanced with the environment with a relative humidity of (60 + - 15)% at a temperature of 20 °C + - 10 °C.

The moisture content of the sample is determined directly on the sample or on its representative part.

To obtain dynamically balanced humidity, natural or artificial drying of samples is allowed at an air temperature not exceeding 60 ° C.

7.4 To test a structure of the same type, two identical specimens shall be made.

The required set of technical documentation must be attached to the samples.

7.5 When conducting certification tests, sampling should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the adopted certification scheme.

8. TESTING

8.1 Tests are carried out at an ambient temperature in the range from + 1 to + 40 ° C and at an air velocity of not more than 0.5 m/s, if the conditions for the application of the structure do not require other test conditions.

The ambient temperature and air velocity are measured at a distance not closer than 1 m from the sample surface.

The temperature in the furnace and in the room must be stabilized 2 hours before the start of the test.

8.2 During the test, the following are recorded:

The time of onset of limit states and their type ();

Temperature in the furnace, on the unheated surface of the structure, as well as in other pre-set places;

Excessive pressure in the furnace when testing structures whose fire resistance is determined by the limit states specified in and;

Deformations of load-bearing structures;

The time of appearance of the flame on the unheated surface of the sample;

The time of appearance and nature of cracks, holes, delaminations, as well as other phenomena (for example, violation of the conditions of support, the appearance of smoke).

The above list of measured parameters and recorded phenomena can be supplemented and changed in accordance with the requirements of test methods for specific types of structures.

8.3 The test should continue until one or, if possible, successively all the limit states specified for a given design.

9 LIMIT STATES

9.1.1 Loss of bearing capacity due to collapse of the structure or the occurrence of limiting deformations ( R).

9.2 Additional limit states of structures and criteria for their occurrence, if necessary, are established in the standards for testing specific structures.

10 DESIGNATIONS OF FIRE RESISTANCE LIMITS OF STRUCTURES

The designation of the fire resistance limit of a building structure consists of symbols standardized for a given structure of limit states (see), and a figure corresponding to the time to reach one of these states (first in time) in minutes. For example:

R 120 - fire resistance limit 120 minutes - by loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit of 60 minutes - in terms of loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limit states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes - in terms of loss of bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the three limit states occurs earlier.

When compiling a test report and issuing a certificate, the limit state for which the fire resistance limit of the structure is established should be indicated.

If different fire resistance limits are standardized (or established) for various limit states for a structure, the designation of the fire resistance limit consists of two or three parts separated by a slash. For example:

R 120 / EI 60 - fire resistance limit 120 minutes - for loss of bearing capacity / fire resistance limit 60 minutes - for loss of integrity or heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the last two limit states occurs earlier.

For different values of the fire resistance limits of the same design for different limit states, the designation of the fire resistance limits is listed in descending order.

The numerical indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers in the following series: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 240, 360.

11 EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS

The fire resistance limit of a structure (in minutes) is determined as the arithmetic mean of the test results of two samples. In this case, the maximum and minimum values of the fire resistance limits of the two tested samples should not differ by more than 20% (from the larger value). If the results differ from each other by more than 20%, an additional test must be carried out, and the fire resistance limit is determined as the arithmetic mean of the two smaller values.

In designating the fire resistance limit of a structure, the arithmetic mean of the test results is reduced to the nearest lower value from the series of numbers given in.

The results obtained during the test can be used to assess the fire resistance of other similar structures (in form, materials, design) by design methods.

12 TEST REPORT

The test report must contain the following data:

1) the name of the organization conducting the test;

2) name of the customer;

3) the date and conditions of the test, and, if necessary, the date of manufacture of the samples;

4) name of the product, information about the manufacturer, trademark and marking of the sample, indicating the technical documentation for the design;

5) designation of the standard for the test method of this design;

6) sketches and description of the tested samples, data on control measurements of the condition of the samples, physical and mechanical properties of materials and their moisture content;

7) conditions for supporting and fastening samples, information about butt joints;

8) for structures tested under load - information about the load accepted for testing and loading schemes;

9) for asymmetric samples of structures - an indication of the side subjected to thermal action;

10) observations during the test (graphs, photographs, etc.), start and end times of the test;

11) processing of test results, their assessment, indicating the type and nature of the limit state and fire resistance limit;

12) validity period of the protocol.

Annex A

(mandatory)

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING

1 Personnel responsible for safety should be among the personnel maintaining the test equipment.

2 When performing structural testing, one 50 kg portable powder fire extinguisher, portable CO2 extinguisher should be available; fire hose with a diameter of at least 25 mm under pressure.

4 When testing structures, it is necessary: to determine a hazardous zone around the furnace of at least 1.5 m, into which during the test, outsiders are prohibited from entering; take measures to protect the health of persons conducting tests if the test is expected to destroy, overturn or crack the structure (for example, install supports, protective nets, etc.). Measures must also be taken to protect the design of the furnace itself.

5 The laboratory premises shall be provided with natural or mechanical ventilation, providing in the working area for the persons conducting the tests, sufficient visibility and conditions for reliable work without breathing apparatus and thermal protective clothing during the entire test period.

6 If necessary, the area of the measuring and control post in the laboratory room must be protected from the penetration of flue gases by creating excess air pressure.

7 The fuel supply system shall be provided with means of light and/or audible alarms.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the draft GOST 30247.0-94 "Building structures. Fire resistance test methods. General requirements"

The development of the draft standard "Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. General requirements" was carried out jointly by TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and TsPITZS TsNIISK by order of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation and is submitted in the final version.

The expansion of trade and economic relations with foreign countries dictates the need to create a unified method for testing building structures for fire resistance, applicable in partner countries.

On an international scale, the Technical Committee 92 is engaged in improving and unifying the methodology for testing building structures for fire resistance. international organization for standardization (ISO). Within the framework of this committee and on the basis of wide international cooperation, a standard for the method of testing building structures for fire resistance ISO 834-75 has been developed, which is the methodological basis for conducting such tests.

Widely known are the methods of testing building structures for fire resistance, used in the USA, Germany, France and other developed countries of the world.

In our country, building structures are tested for fire resistance in accordance with the previously developed SEV 1000-78 standard "Fire-prevention norms for building design. Method for testing building structures for fire resistance." With the undoubted merits of the standard for the period of its creation, at present, some of its provisions needed to be clarified in order to bring them into line with international standard ISO 834-75 and the achievements of domestic and foreign science in assessing the fire resistance of building structures.

When preparing the final version of the draft state standard, the main provisions of the international standard ISO 834-75, draft ST SEV 1000-88, and the current standard ST SEV 1000-78 were adopted. The provisions contained in the national standards for fire tests BS 476-10, CSN 730-851, DIN 4102-2, etc. were also taken into account.

In addition, comments and suggestions on the previously received conclusions of various organizations (the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, NIIZhB, TsNIIPromizdaniy, TsNIIEP housing and other organizations) were taken into account.

The developed draft standard is fundamental and includes general requirements for testing building structures for fire resistance, which are priority in relation to the requirements of standards for test methods for fire resistance of specific structures (bearing, enclosing, doors and gates, air ducts, translucent structures, etc.) .

The standard is set out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 1.5 -92 "State standardization system of the Russian Federation. General requirements for the construction, presentation, design and content of standards."

GOST 30247.0-94
(ISO 834-75)

Group G39

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING STRUCTURES

FIRE RESISTANCE TEST METHODS

General requirements

Elements of building construction. Fire-resistance test methods. General requirements

ISS 13.220.50
OKSTU 5260
5800

Introduction date 1996-01-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTCS) on November 17, 1994


State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

4 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on January 1, 1996 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated March 23, 1995 N 18-26