How many radiator sections do you need per square meter. Calculation of the number of battery sections. Specific thermal power of battery sections

07.05.2020

Knowing how to calculate the number of radiators per room is not only for professionals in the design of heating systems. Even a simple replacement of batteries in the house is impossible without an accurate calculation and selection of sufficiently effective devices, so the information below will be in demand for each of us.

Why do you need an accurate calculation?

The instructions for calculating the exact parameters of heating devices given in this article are very useful:

Firstly, the comfort in our house depends on the heating power. If we install too weak radiators, then in the cold season they will not be able to cope with the increasing load, and therefore the microclimate parameters will be far from optimal.

Secondly, the price of a quality one is very high, and therefore you should not overpay for the installation of unnecessary structures either. Knowing how to calculate the number of heating radiators per room, we can reduce our costs by buying exactly as many batteries as we need.
Finally, a preliminary calculation will allow us to plan our costs at the planning stage. Knowing how much heat is required to heat the premises, we will be able to choose the appropriate type of heating system, starting from the boiler and ending with the material from which the battery sections in the house will be made.

Power computing technology

Simple technique

Advice!
Rounding is necessary, since the power reserve will definitely not be superfluous, but the disadvantage will have to be compensated for with large additional costs.

A more accurate way

There is another option for solving the problem of how to calculate the power of a radiator for a room with your own hands.

To do this, we need to calculate the volume of the room:

We multiply the area of \u200b\u200bthe room by its height, getting the desired value in cubic meters.
We multiply the volume by the normative coefficient, which for the European part of the Russian Federation is 41 watts.
Then we proceed as in the previous case: we divide the obtained value by the heat transfer of the section or panel radiator, and then round the result up.

As you can see, the method is not much more complicated than the previous one. However, it can be used to calculate as accurately as possible how much heat a room consumes, and how many batteries are needed to heat it.

Calculation example

In this section, we will demonstrate with a simple example how to calculate the power of a heating radiator per room:

So, let's say we have a room 5m long, 4m wide with 2.7m high ceilings.
We calculate the volume: 5 x 4 x 2.7 = 54m3.
Next, we calculate how much heat is required for efficient heating: 54 x 41 \u003d 2214 W.
Then select the model of the heater. We will perform the calculation for the Sira RS500 bimetal construction with a single section heat dissipation of 199W.

Note!
Before calculating steel radiators for a room, you need to carefully study the product passport.
Very often, for such devices, heat transfer is indicated for the entire panel, while for cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic structures, sectional calculation is more often used.

We divide the heat demand by the heat output of the section: 2214 / 199 = 11.1. To get a margin of power, let's round up to 12 - that's how many battery fins we need to install to ensure a comfortable microclimate in the room.

dimensions

As a rule, installing one large device is less expensive than two smaller products, however, there are certain restrictions associated with the dimensions of the walls:

So, you can not install the battery close to the floor. The minimum gap should be about 80 - 120 mm.
The indent from the bottom edge of the window sill is also important.. This value should not be less than 60 - 120 mm, otherwise the heat simply will not flow to the window, and condensation will collect on the glass.
There are also width restrictions.. If the radiator is mounted inside a window sill niche, then at least 150 mm of free space must remain on the sides.

It is very important to buy modern high-quality and efficient batteries. But it is much more important to correctly calculate the number of radiator sections so that in the cold season it properly heats the room and does not have to think about installing additional portable heaters that will increase the cost of heating.

SNiP and basic regulations

Today you can name a huge number of SNiPs that describe the rules for the design and operation of heating systems in various rooms. But the most understandable and simple is the document "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" under the number 2.04.05.

It details the following sections:

General provisions regarding the design of heating systems
Rules for the design of heating systems for buildings
Features of the heating system

It is also necessary to install heating radiators in accordance with SNiP number 3.05.01. He prescribes the following installation rules, without which the calculations of the number of sections will be ineffective:

The maximum width of the radiator should not exceed 70% of the similar characteristic of the window opening under which it is installed.
The radiator must be mounted in the center of the window opening (a slight error is allowed - no more than 2 cm)
The recommended space between the radiators and the wall is 2-5 cm
Above the floor height should not be more than 12 cm
Distance to the window sill from the top of the battery - at least 5 cm
In other cases, to improve heat transfer, the surface of the walls is covered with a reflective material.

It is necessary to follow such rules so that air masses can circulate freely and replace each other.

Read also various kinds heating radiators

Volume calculation

In order to accurately calculate the number of sections of the heating radiator required for efficient and comfortable heating of a dwelling, its volume should be taken into account. The principle is very simple:

Determining the need for heat
Find out the number of sections capable of giving it away

SNiP prescribes to take into account the need for heat for any room - 41 W per 1 cubic meter. However, this figure is very relative. If the walls and floor are poorly insulated, it is recommended to increase this value to 47-50 W, because part of the heat will be lost. In situations where a high-quality heat insulator has already been laid on the surfaces, high-quality PVC windows have been installed and drafts have been eliminated, this indicator can be taken equal to 30-34 W.

If heating is located in the room, the heat demand must be increased to 20%. Part of the thermally heated air masses will not pass through the screen, circulating inside and cooling down quickly.

Formulas for calculating the number of sections by room volume, with an example

Having decided on the need for one cube, you can begin to calculate (example on specific numbers):

At the first step, we calculate the volume of the room using a simple formula: [height length Width] (3x4x5=60 cubic meters)
The next step is to determine the heat demand for the particular room under consideration according to the formula: [volume]*[need per m3] (60х41=2460 W)
You can determine the desired number of ribs using the formula: (2460/170=14.5)
Rounding is recommended to be done up - we get 15 sections

Many manufacturers do not take into account that the coolant circulating through the pipes is far from maximum temperature. Therefore, the power of the ribs will be lower than the specified limit value (it is what is prescribed in the passport). If there is no minimum power indicator, then the available one is underestimated by 15-25% to simplify calculations.

Calculation by area

The previous calculation method is an excellent solution for rooms with a height of more than 2.7 m. In rooms with lower ceilings (up to 2.6 m), you can use a different method, taking the area as a basis.

In this case, calculating the total amount of thermal energy, the need for one square. m. take equal to 100 watts. There is no need to make any adjustments to it.

Formulas for calculating the number of sections by area of the room, with an example

At the first stage, it is determined total area premises: [length Width] (5х4=20 sq.m.)
The next step is to determine the heat required to heat the entire room: [area]* [need per sq. m.] (100x20=2000W)
In the passport attached to the heating radiator, you need to find out the power of one section - the average modern models 170 W
To determine the required number of sections, use the formula: [total heat demand]/[capacity of one section] (2000/170=11.7)
We introduce correction factors ( discussed further)
Rounding is recommended to be done up - we get 12 sections

The above methods for calculating the number of radiator sections are perfect for rooms whose height reaches 3 meters. If this indicator is greater, it is necessary to increase the thermal power in direct proportion to the increase in height.

If the whole house is equipped with modern plastic windows, in which the heat loss coefficient is as low as possible - it becomes possible to save and reduce the result obtained by up to 20%.

It is believed that the standard temperature of the coolant circulating through the heating system is 70 degrees. If it is below this value, it is necessary to increase the result by 15% for every 10 degrees. If it is higher, on the contrary, decrease it.

Premises with an area of more than 25 square meters. m. to heat with one radiator, even consisting of two dozen sections, will be extremely problematic. To solve this problem, it is necessary to divide the calculated number of sections into two equal parts and install two batteries. Heat in this case will be distributed throughout the room more evenly.

If there are two window openings in the room, heating radiators should be placed under each of them. They should be 1.7 times more than the nominal power determined in the calculations.

Having bought stamped radiators, in which sections cannot be divided, it is necessary to take into account the total power of the product. If it is not enough, you should consider buying a second battery of the same or slightly less heat capacity.

Correction factors

Many factors can influence the final result. Consider in what situations it is necessary to make correction factors:

Windows with conventional glazing - magnification factor 1.27
Insufficient thermal insulation of the walls - increasing factor 1.27
More than two window openings per room - increasing factor 1.75
Bottom-wired manifolds - multiplying factor 1.2
Reserve in case of unforeseen situations - increasing factor 1.2
Application of improved thermal insulation materials– reduction factor 0.85
Installation of high-quality heat-insulating double-glazed windows - reducing factor 0.85

The number of corrections to be made to the calculation can be huge and depends on each specific situation. However, it should be remembered that it is much easier to reduce the heat transfer of a heating radiator than to increase it. Therefore, all rounding is done up.

Summing up

If you need to make the most accurate calculation of the number of radiator sections in a complex room, do not be afraid to contact specialists. The most accurate methods, which are described in specialized literature, take into account not only the volume or area of the room, but also the temperature outside and inside, thermal conductivity various materials, from which the box of the house is built, and many other factors.

Of course, you can not be afraid and throw a few edges to the result. But an excessive increase in all indicators can lead to unjustified expenses, which are not immediately, sometimes and not always, possible to recoup.

When creating a new or replacing an old heating system for a private house, apartment, it is necessary to calculate many parameters, including the power of radiators for each room, which depends on their size, heat transfer and number of sections. Why is this calculation of heating radiators so important? Because, with the wrong approach to the selection process, in a heated room it will be either cold or hot and comfortable temperature is not achieved.

Parameters affecting the choice of radiator size

The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators for each room of a private house can be done independently or contact a specialist who will accurately determine all the necessary indicators and draw up a diagram professionally. But if you are confident in your abilities, then the battery calculation is calculated using special formulas and calculations, additional information and experience, the required power is determined heating equipment and the order of its placement in the room.

The following parameters affect the calculation of heating radiators:

Wall thickness and material. Wood, brick, aerated concrete have different indicators of thermal insulation and a heat-retaining factor.
Number of windows, their size and type. Double-glazed windows and wooden windows from different manufacturers different characteristics(number of glasses, insulating material, mobile elements, and so on). The ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls and windows is important.
Climate and local weather conditions. For the northern regions, good and high-quality heating is very important.
Room area, ceiling height. The higher these figures, the more power the radiator should have.
The number of walls separating the premises from the street, the presence of heated rooms at the top.
Radiator material. The choice of the type of heater will determine the heat transfer of its materials, how long it will take him to heat the premises in the house.
Other criteria.

Calculation by room area

An approximate calculation before buying batteries for heating can be made based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, apartment or individual rooms. It is important to take into account the peculiarities of the heat loss of each room, so you need to add 20% to the value of the received heat output.

With a ceiling height of up to 3 meters, 100 W of thermal power per 1 m2 is required. Initially, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is calculated, for this you need to multiply its length in meters by the width. Further, it is necessary to carry out a simple calculation of the required thermal power, for example, we multiply 20 m2 by a norm of 100 W and we get the result of 2000 kW of heat for the room. After, we calculate the required number of sections based on the heat transfer data of one section, declared by the manufacturer for a specific radiator model. For example, if this indicator is 150 W, then we divide 2000 kW by 150 and we get the result 13.3. That is, for a room with an area of 20 m2, 13 sections of the radiator are needed.

If there are many windows in the room or it has a corner location, if the batteries are covered with a protective or decorative screen, you must remember to add 15-20% of the heat output to 2000 W (20% of 2000 W is 200 W or one more section to the radiator).

For enclosed spaces at home or with other heat sources (kitchen) and reduced heat output, the percentage does not need to be added.

There are already ready-made automatic programs for carrying out such calculations on the Internet, you just need to enter the area and other values \u200b\u200band get the result.

Calculation by room volume

How to calculate the number of heating radiators based on volume, and not square meters of area, is considered more accurate, because the height of the ceilings, which can be high in private houses, is taken into account. According to the requirements of SNiP, 41 W of heat is needed to heat 1 cubic meter. You can calculate the volume of a room by multiplying its area by the height of the ceilings. For example, a room of 20 m2 has a ceiling height of 4 meters, calculate its volume, multiply these two values and get the result equal to 80 m3. Then, you need to find out how much heat the room will need according to the norms, for this, we multiply 80 m3 by 41 W and get 3280 W. Based on the approximate value of the thermal power of one section, equal to 150 W, we obtain the required number of sections for heating a room in the amount of 22 pieces.

It must be remembered that manufacturers often in the characteristics of the device show the maximum thermal performance and heat transfer, which in real life difficult to achieve, so the error at independent calculations is always present.

With a professional approach to the question of how to calculate the number of radiator sections, errors are taken into account, and the result is as accurate as possible. Also, if as a result of calculations it turns out very big number sections, then you should not install several meters of the radiator, since its heat transfer will not be effective, it is better to break it into several elements and arrange them in different parts premises.

Calculator for calculating sections of heating radiators

When equipping a house with a heating system, it is necessary to carefully approach the design stage of this unit. Thus, the calculation of thermal energy is an integral part of the project of any heating system, since the quality of heating, in particular, depends on it. Therefore, it is extremely important to know how these calculations are performed, why they are needed at all, how to calculate the sections of heating radiators with a calculator.

What is the methodology based on?

The method for calculating thermal energy for heating is the determination of the square of the surface of the heat exchanger required to heat housing. Thus, the calculation of heat for heating is carried out taking into account the highest level of the temperature regime of the coolant intended for those heating elements for which, in fact, the calculations are performed. Simply put, if water is used as a coolant, then its average temperature in the common line should be taken as the basis. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the flow rate of the volume of liquid in the circuit.

If steam masses are used as a heat carrier, then the thermal calculation of the heating system will be based on higher temperature values.

With this article they read: Do-it-yourself steam heating

Fundamentals of Calculation

The calculation of sections of heating radiators, the calculator for which will be very relevant, largely depends on the type of heat exchanger used, as well as on the magnitude of its heat transfer.

What do you need to pay attention to?

When calculating thermal energy for heating, you need to pay attention to such a nuance as heat loss. The magnitude of the desired value depends on them. If a we are talking about a private house, the amount of energy loss can be as follows:

through wall ceilings and the floor surface, provided that there is no complete thermal insulation - up to 25%;
through the chimney - up to 15%
through old-style window frames - up to 15%;
through the attic floor - up to 10%.

In addition, when determining the heat energy required to heat the house, you should pay attention to the presence of a basement that is not covered by a layer of thermal insulation with floor surface the housing itself. And if there is one, then another 15% must be added to the result obtained.

On average, about 50% of the cost of heating in a poorly insulated house literally flies out into the street. Even minimal insulation of the floor, walls and ceiling can already reduce heat loss by 25%.

Read with this article: How to insulate the roof of a house from the inside - an overview of materials and technologies

An easy way to calculate

As a rule, many people do not use intricate formulas for calculating heat for space heating. In most cases, the counting is carried out in the direction "from small to large". That is, the required amount of heat for a separate structure is calculated, and the values obtained are summarized. About 15% is added to them to ensure the full operation of heating devices without overloads and the result is ready. And the values for each room can be taken as a basis for calculating the required number of heat exchangers.

The simplest and most commonly used among people who do not practice professional installation heating systems, the method is to take 100 W of energy per 1 square of housing as the norm.

Based on this, the formula for calculating thermal energy for heating the whole house will look like this:

Q is the required power for a particular structure;
S - square of the building (sq.m);
100 - specific performance indicator per area unit (W/sq.m).

The calculation of the area of a separate room (room) is determined by a simple formula:

a is the length of the room;
b - width;
S is the area of the room.

This formula is suitable for calculating the quadrature of houses of a simple shape (square, rectangular).

If the room has a complex shape, you should initially break it into simple shapes, calculate their area and sum the resulting values.

An example of calculating the amount of heat for a room 6 x 3.4 meters

Now let's calculate the heat energy for a room 6 x 3.4. First, we determine the quadrature of the structure:

Q \u003d 20.4 x 100 \u003d 2040 W (20.4 kW, which we round up to 21 kW)

That is, to heat a building with a specified area, you need to spend approximately 2.1 kW.

Of course, the method is very primitive, but it is good enough to navigate the range of equipment and understand at least approximately what boiler power is needed.

Of course, if you want your heating system to be as efficient as possible, you need to give preference to more accurate methods.

Accurate method for determining heat energy

In order to make a more accurate calculation, many qualified specialists use a somewhat complicated formula, which has the following form:

100 - specific performance indicator per area unit (W/m2);
S is the quadrature of the building (m2);

K1 - the amount of heat energy consumption through double-glazed windows, which can be as follows:

1.27 - old wooden frames with ordinary glass;
1 - old wooden frames with ordinary glass, insulated along the contour;
0.85 - modern metal-plastic double-glazed windows

K2 - the value of heat loss through wall ceilings:

1.27 - the absence of a heat-insulating layer;
1 - minimum thermal insulation;
0.854 - high level of thermal insulation

K3 - coefficient showing the ratio of the quadrature of the structure in relation to the area of \u200b\u200bwindows:

50% - 1,2;
40% - 1,1;
30% - 1,0;
20% - 0,9;
10% - 0,8

K4 - temperature coefficient outside the building in the coldest season:

-35°С - 1.5;
-25°С - 1.3;
-20°С - 1.1;
-15°С - 0.9;
-10°С - 0.7

K5 - coefficient showing the number of walls in direct contact with the external environment:

4 walls - 1.4;
3 walls - 1.3;
2 walls - 1.2;
1 wall - 1.1

K6 - type of thermal insulation of the structure, for which the heat energy is determined:

heated building - 0.8;
warm attic - 0.9;
unheated housing - 1

K7 - coefficient indicating the height of the canvas:

4.5 meters - 1.2;
4 meters - 1.15;
3.5 meters - 1.1;
3 meters - 1.05;
2.5 meters - 1.

It remains only to substitute all the necessary values and determine the amount of heat energy.

In order for the heating system to work as efficiently as possible and at the same time not consume a lot of energy resources, you need to know how many radiator segments you need per 1 m ^ 2 of housing. But for this it is necessary to determine the heat transfer of the heating device itself. You can, of course, take an abstruse formula and try to calculate this value. And you can use the general data that manufacturers of heating equipment offer us.

Of course, these values are somewhat averaged, but at the same time, this is quite enough to determine the required number of sections for heating a particular structure.

Consider an example of calculating the number of radiators for the same room for which we calculated the heat energy. So, for heating a room 6 * 3.4, as we have already determined, 2040 W is required. Knowing the approximate heat transfer of radiators, we calculate the number of segments necessary to create comfortable temperature conditions: 2040 / 120 (if we are talking about cast iron batteries) = 17 sections.

This number of radiators will be enough to make you feel comfortable and cozy in the room. In the event that you received not an integer, but a fractional number, then it is worth rounding it up. But, again, we are talking about living rooms. Whereas if we are talking about the improvement, for example, of the kitchen, then it is advisable to round the resulting result down.

Here, in fact, are all the subtleties of determining heat energy for heating housing. We hope you find this information useful.

VIDEO: Calculation of the number of heating radiators per area

www.portaltepla.ru

How to rationally calculate the required number of radiator sections

Warmth and comfort in the house - the dream of every person. Modern heating systems allow you to maintain the optimum temperature at any time of the year. But only if they are used correctly. So that in your home the climatic conditions in cold period remained comfortable, before installing batteries, you need to find out the number of sections of radiators.

Comfortable conditions in the cold season

There are such methods:

calculation for the area of the room;
calculation using volume.

Let's take a closer look at each of them.

We use the area

SNiP data says that in our weather conditions, you need about 100 W of heat per square meter. We take a calculator and multiply the area by the power for 1 m2. That is, for a building with a size of 20 m2, the calculation will look like this: This means that the total heating power should be 2000 watts.

When calculating power in this way, it should be understood that, no matter how much you count the area, you will have to heat the volume. This calculation method can be correct for apartments and houses with a typical ceiling height of 2.7 m. But what if this very height does not meet the standards?

Using volume

To find the volume, multiply the area and the height. Then we again look at the regulatory documents and find out that for brick buildings the norm is 34, and for concrete - 41 W per m3.

Further actions similar to the previous calculation method. Only instead of the area we substitute the value of the volume. Let's say that we have a height of 3.2 m. With an area of 20 m2 - the volume of such a room will be 64 m3 (). And if our room is built of brick, then: It is this power that a radiator in a building with the given characteristics should provide.

The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators also directly depends on the radiator to be installed and its power. Therefore, before making a calculation, it is advisable to find out what kind of radiators are.

Modern radiators

Each of them has its own specific application and power. But first things first.

Metal radiators

They are divided into two types - tubular and panel. Panels can heat up quickly, but they also cool quickly. Therefore, they need a constant influx of heat, which makes their use in an autonomous heating system unprofitable.

Metal panel radiators

Tubular radiators warm up longer, respectively, keep heat longer. This greatly expands the possibilities of their use. Although it should be borne in mind that they are not suitable for high pressure systems.

Tubular metal radiator

The power of one battery of this type ranges from 670 to 6500 watts.

Aluminum radiators

They are distinguished by high efficiency, which makes them quite popular.

Aluminum radiators

One of the main features is the high demands on the quality of the coolant. For systems district heating this is rather a disadvantage, but for an individual it is a completely logical decision when choosing.

One section can provide 190 watts.

Cast iron radiators

With the advent of fresh design solutions in their performance, they have gained new relevance.

Cast iron radiators

But technical indicators batteries of this type are quite high. Their main advantages are reliability and unpretentiousness. At quality installation can serve for a long time and properly.

True, the power is quite small - one section provides 145 watts.

Consist of two components: inside - aluminum, outside - steel.

Bimetal radiators

Attractive appearance, ease of installation and operation, as well as high power have made them the leaders in popularity among all types of batteries. But they also have a drawback - they are used only at high pressure.

The power of one section is 185 watts.

Calculation algorithm

The algorithm by which the number of sections of heating radiators is calculated is one. It involves dividing the total power by the section power. It is advisable to round the result up to create a small supply of heat.

For example, let's calculate for a room of the same dimensions as before.

By area

With this calculation, the total power in our example was 2000 watts. According to the algorithm, it must be divided by the standard amount of heat in one section - for the aluminum type, this is 190 W. We consider: . Round up and get 11 sections.

By volume

With a height of 3.20 m, the required power was 2176 watts. We consider: . After rounding - 12 radiator sections.

This method of calculation relieves us of the need to find out how many sections of radiators per 1 m2 are needed and makes it possible to carry out the calculation immediately for the entire room.

Important

It should be emphasized that all data are provided for sections of standard size, the center distance of which is 50 cm. It corresponds to the distance between the centers of the holes for the inlet and outlet of the coolant.

Three radiator models with 50 cm center distance

If the center distance of the battery differs from the standard, you will have to correct the calculation. To do this, you need to determine the ratio between the two sizes of radiators - actual and standard. And then apply it to the result.

Let's return to our example. We found that for a room of 20 m2 with a normal height, 11 aluminum sections with a standard distance are needed. Let's recalculate their number for a distance of 40 cm. First of all, we find the coefficient:. And then we correct the result: . The rounded result is 14.

As you can see, the smaller the area of \u200b\u200bthe batteries, the more they will be needed. And this is not the only factor that requires fine-tuning the results. There are other nuances that affect the calculation of sections. They all operate in different ways, but nevertheless require adjustments to the underlying calculations. Correction for any of them is carried out by multiplying the initial result by the required coefficient.

Wall correction

In this matter, an important role is played by the number of walls that directly face the street, thereby increasing heat loss. For rooms with one outer wall the coefficient will be 1.1, with two - 1.2, with three - 1.3.

Also makes adjustments to the thickness and quality of the outer walls. With poor insulation or without it at all, the coefficient is 1.27.

Window Correction

They account for 15–35% of the total heat loss. For windows, two coefficients are also used - for size and for quality. The size of the window in this case is given as a ratio between the areas of the window and the room:

10% - 0,8;
20% - 0,9;
30% - 1,0;
40% - 1,1;
50% - 1,2.

Roof and basement repairs

An important factor the temperature in the room above you is considered. For a living room, the refinement coefficient is 0.7. Warm attic gives a value of 0.9, and not heated - 1.

In a private house, the refinement factor will be 1.5, all results will increase by 50%.

Correction for location

The quality of its work also depends on the place where the battery will be installed. For example, a protective screen can take from 7 to 25% of the power. Installation in a niche reduces productivity by 7%, a window sill - by 3-5%.

Features of temperature regimes

Special attention should be paid to different temperature conditions heating systems. Passport data are given for a mode that assumes a temperature of 90/70 for supply and return, respectively. Estimated air temperature in the room is 20 °C.

But, now this mode is practically not used. Much more often you can find indicators 75/65/20 or 55/45/20. Therefore, it will be necessary to find out which mode you use and recalculate the indicators for it.

By itself, the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is quite simple. But the number of adjustments can be a little scary or at least bewildering. In this case, you can use the online calculators below. It is enough to enter all the initial data into it, and at the output you will get the desired number of sections. And remember, any difficulties in the calculations will more than pay off with comfortable warmth in your home.

Radiator section calculator

Private house heating calculator

repaireasily.ru

How to calculate the number of radiator sections per room

To make the house warm and cozy, it is not enough to choose the right batteries - you need to accurately calculate the required number of battery sections so that the entire room warms up.

Area calculation
Additional factors
Section counting by volume
What to consider when calculating?
Accurate heatsink counting
Calculation formula
Calculation coefficients
Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:

Area calculation

You can approximately calculate the number of sections if you know the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the batteries will be installed. This is the most primitive calculation method, it works well for houses where the ceiling height is small (2.4-2.6 m).

The correct performance of radiators is calculated in "heat output". According to the standards, 100 watts are needed to heat one "square" of the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment - the total area is multiplied by this indicator. For example, a room of 25 square meters will require 2500 watts.

Section types

The amount of heat calculated in this way is divided by the heat transfer from the battery section (specified by the manufacturer). The fractional number in the calculations is rounded up (so that the radiator is guaranteed to cope with heating). If batteries are chosen for rooms with low heat loss or additional heating devices (for example, for a kitchen), you can round the result down - the lack of power will not be noticeable.

Let's look at an example:

If it is planned to install heating radiators with a heat output of 204 W in a room of 25 sq.m, the formula will look like this: 100 W (power for heating 1 sq.m) * 25 sq.m (total area) / 204 W (heat output of one section of the radiator ) = 12.25. Rounding the number up, we get 13 - the number of battery sections that will be required to heat the room.

Note!

For a kitchen of the same area, it is enough to take 12 sections of radiators.

Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:

Additional factors

The number of radiators per square meter depends on the characteristics of a particular room (availability interior doors, the number and tightness of windows) and even the location of the apartment in the building. A room with a loggia or balcony, especially if they are not glazed, gives off heat faster. A room on the corner of a building, where not one, but two walls are in contact with the "outside world", will require more batteries.

The number of battery sections that will be required to heat the room is also affected by the material used to build the building and the presence of additional insulating sheathing on the walls. In addition, courtyard-facing rooms will retain heat better than outdoor-facing rooms and will require fewer heating elements.

For each of the rapidly cooling rooms, the required power, calculated by the area of the room, should be increased by 15-20%. Based on this number, the required number of sections is calculated.

Connection difference

Section counting by volume

Calculation based on the volume of the room is more accurate than the calculation based on the area, although general principle remains the same. This scheme also takes into account the height of the ceiling in the house.

According to the standard, 41 watts are required per 1 cubic meter of space. For rooms with quality modern finish, where there are double-glazed windows on the windows, and the walls are treated with insulation, the required value is only 34 watts. The volume is calculated by multiplying the area by the height of the ceiling (in meters).

For example, the volume of a room is 25 sq.m with a ceiling height of 2.5 m: 25 * 2.5 = 62.5 cubic meters. The room of the same area, but with ceilings of 3 m, will be large in volume: 25 * 3 = 75 cubic meters.

The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is carried out by dividing the required total power of the radiators by the heat transfer (power) of each section.

For example, let's take a room with old windows with an area of 25 sq.m and with ceilings of 3 m, you need to take 16 sections of batteries: 75 cubic meters (room volume) * 41 W (the amount of heat to heat 1 cubic meter of a room where double-glazed windows are not installed on the windows) / 204 W (heat dissipation of one battery section) = 15.07 (for residential premises, the value is rounded up).

In the photo, the number of radiators per square meter

What to consider when calculating?

Manufacturers, indicating the power of one section of the battery, are a little cunning and overestimate the numbers in the expectation that the water temperature in the heating system will be maximum. In fact, in most cases, water for heating does not warm up to the calculated value. The passport, which is attached to the radiators, also indicates the minimum heat transfer rates. In the calculations, it is better to focus on them, then the house will be guaranteed to be warm.

Note!

Batteries covered with a mesh or screen give off slightly less heat than "open" ones.

The exact amount of "lost" heat depends on the material and design of the screen itself. If you plan to use such a design design, you need to increase the design power of the heating system by 20%. The same applies to batteries located in niches.

In the photo, the calculation of the number of sections of bimetallic radiators

Accurate heatsink counting

How to calculate the number of heating radiators for a room in a non-standard room - for example, for a private house? Rough estimates may not be enough. The number of radiators is influenced by a large number of factors:

room height;
total number of windows and their configuration;
warming;
the ratio of the total surface area of windows and floors;
the average temperature outside in the cold;
number of outer walls;
type of room located above the room.

For an accurate calculation, use the formula and correction factors.

Large room radiator

Calculation formula

The general formula for calculating the amount of heat that radiators should generate is:

CT \u003d 100 W / sq.m * P * K1 * ... * K7

P means the area of the room, CT is the total amount of heat needed to maintain a comfortable microclimate. Values from K1 to K7 are correction factors that are selected and applied depending on various conditions. The resulting CT indicator is divided by the heat transfer from the battery segment to calculate the required number of elements (sections aluminum radiators a different amount will be required than, for example, cast iron).

Additional sections

Calculation coefficients

K1 - coefficient for taking into account the type of windows:

classic "old" windows - 1.27;
double modern double-glazed window - 1.0;
triple package - 0.85.

K2 - correction for thermal insulation of the walls of the house:

low - 1.27;
normal (double row of bricks or walls with an insulating layer) - 1.0;
high - 0.85.

K3 is chosen depending on the proportion in which the areas of the room and the windows installed in it are related. If the window area is equal to 10% of the floor area, a factor of 0.8 is applied. For every additional 10%, add 0.1: for a ratio of 20%, the value of the coefficient will be 0.9, 30% - 1.0, and so on.

K4 - coefficient selected depending on the average temperature outside the window per week with a minimum temperature for the year. How much heat is needed per room also depends on the climate. At an average temperature of -35, a coefficient of 1.5 is used, at a temperature of -25 - 1.3, then for every 5 degrees, the coefficient is reduced by 0.2.

K5 - an indicator for adjusting the calculation of heat depending on the number of external walls. The base value is 1 (no walls touching the "street"). Each outer wall rooms adds 0.1 to the indicator.

K6 - coefficient for taking into account the type of premises over the calculated one:

heated room - 0.8;
heated attic - 0.9;
attic space without heating - 1.

K7 - coefficient, which is taken depending on the height of the room. For a room with a ceiling of 2.5 m, the indicator is 1, each additional 0.5 m of ceilings is added to the indicator of 0.05 (3 m - 1.05 and so on).

To simplify calculations, many radiator manufacturers offer online calculator, where Various types batteries and it is possible to configure additional parameters without "manual" calculation and selection of coefficients.

Section connection

Calculation depending on the material of the radiator

Batteries made from different materials, give a different amount of heat and heat the room with different efficiency. The higher the heat transfer of the material, the fewer sections of the radiator will be required to warm the room to a comfortable level.

The most popular are cast-iron radiators and bimetallic radiators replacing them. The average heat transfer from a single section of a cast iron battery is 50-100 watts. This is quite a bit, but the number of sections for the room is easiest to calculate "by eye" for cast-iron radiators. There should be about the same number of them as there are "squares" in the room (it is better to take 2-3 more to compensate for the "underheating" of water in the heating system).

The heat output of one element of bimetallic radiators is 150-180 watts. This indicator can also be affected by the coating of the batteries (for example, painted oil paint radiators heat the room a little less). The calculation of the number of sections of bimetallic radiators is carried out according to any of their schemes, while the total amount of heat required is divided by the value of heat transfer from one segment. If you want to purchase radiators with installation in Moscow, we recommend that you contact here. The company has been on the market for a long time and has proven itself well!

Quartz heating battery

To make the house warm and cozy, it is not enough to choose the right batteries - you need to accurately calculate the required number of battery sections so that the entire room warms up.

In contact with

Classmates

Area calculation

The correct performance of radiators is calculated in "heat output". According to the standards, 100 watts are needed to heat one “square” of the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment - the total area is multiplied by this indicator. For example, a room of 25 square meters will require 2500 watts.

Section types

Let's look at an example:

Note!

For a kitchen of the same area, it is enough to take 12 sections of radiators.

Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:

Additional factors

The number of radiators per square meter depends on the characteristics of a particular room (the presence of interior doors, the number and tightness of windows) and even on the location of the apartment in the building. A room with a loggia or balcony, especially if they are not glazed, gives off heat faster. A room on the corner of a building, where not one, but two walls are in contact with the "outside world", will require more batteries.

For each of the rapidly cooling rooms, the required power, calculated by the area of the room, should be increased by 15-20%. Based on this number, the required number of sections is calculated.

Connection difference

Section counting by volume

Calculating by room volume is more accurate than calculating by area, although the general principle is the same. This scheme also takes into account the height of the ceiling in the house.

According to the standard, 41 watts are required per 1 cubic meter of space. For rooms with high-quality modern finishes, where there are double-glazed windows on the windows, and the walls are treated with insulation, the required value is only 34 watts. The volume is calculated by multiplying the area by the height of the ceiling (in meters).

The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is carried out by dividing the required total power of the radiators by the heat transfer (power) of each section.

What to consider when calculating?

Note!

Batteries covered with a mesh or screen give off slightly less heat than "open" ones.

Accurate heatsink counting

room height;
total number of windows and their configuration;
warming;
the ratio of the total surface area of windows and floors;
the average temperature outside in the cold;
number of outer walls;
type of room located above the room.

For an accurate calculation, use the formula and correction factors.

Large room radiator

Calculation formula

The general formula for calculating the amount of heat that radiators should generate is:

CT \u003d 100 W / sq.m * P * K1 * ... * K7

P means the area of the room, CT is the total amount of heat needed to maintain a comfortable microclimate. Values from K1 to K7 are correction factors that are selected and applied depending on various conditions. The resulting CT indicator is divided by the heat transfer from the battery segment to calculate the required number of elements (sections of aluminum radiators will require a different number than, for example, cast iron).

Additional sections

Calculation coefficients

K1 - coefficient for taking into account the type of windows:

classic "old" windows - 1.27;
double modern double-glazed window - 1.0;
triple package - 0.85.

K2 - correction for thermal insulation of the walls of the house:

low - 1.27;
normal (double row of bricks or walls with an insulating layer) - 1.0;
high - 0.85.

K3 is chosen depending on the proportion in which the areas of the room and the windows installed in it are related. If the window area is equal to 10% of the floor area, a factor of 0.8 is applied. For every additional 10%, add 0.1: for a ratio of 20%, the coefficient value will be 0.9, 30% - 1.0, and so on.

K4 is a coefficient selected depending on the average temperature outside the window per week with a minimum temperature for the year. How much heat is needed per room also depends on the climate. At an average temperature of -35, a coefficient of 1.5 is used, at a temperature of -25 - 1.3, then for every 5 degrees, the coefficient is reduced by 0.2.

K5 is an indicator for adjusting the calculation of heat depending on the number of external walls. The base value is 1 (no walls touching the "street"). Each outer wall of the room adds 0.1 to the indicator.

K6 - coefficient for taking into account the type of room over the calculated one:

heated room - 0.8;
heated attic - 0.9;
attic space without heating - 1.

K7 is a coefficient that is taken depending on the height of the room. For a room with a ceiling of 2.5 m, the indicator is 1, each additional 0.5 m of ceilings is added to the indicator of 0.05 (3 m - 1.05 and so on).

To simplify the calculations, many radiator manufacturers offer an online calculator where various types of batteries are provided and it is possible to configure additional parameters without “manual” calculation and selection of coefficients.

Section connection

Calculation depending on the material of the radiator

Batteries made of different materials give off different amounts of heat and heat the room with different efficiency. The higher the heat transfer of the material, the fewer sections of the radiator will be required to warm the room to a comfortable level.

The heat output of one element of bimetallic radiators is 150-180 W. This indicator can also be affected by the coating of the batteries (for example, radiators painted with oil paint heat the room a little less). The calculation of the number of sections of bimetallic radiators is carried out according to any of their schemes, while the total amount of heat required is divided by the value of heat transfer from one segment.
If you want to purchase radiators with installation in Moscow, we recommend contacting

The design of the heating system includes such an important step as the calculation of heating radiators by area using a calculator or manually. It helps to calculate the number of sections needed to heat a particular room. A variety of parameters are taken, ranging from the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises to the characteristics of insulation. The correctness of the calculations will depend on:

uniform heating of rooms;
comfortable temperature in the bedrooms;
lack of cold places in the household.

Let's see how heating radiators are calculated and what is taken into account in the calculations.

Thermal power of heating radiators

The calculation of heating radiators for a private house begins with the choice of the devices themselves. The assortment for consumers includes cast iron, steel, aluminum and bimetallic models, which differ in their thermal power (heat transfer). Some of them heat better, and some worse - here you should focus on the number of sections and the size of the batteries. Let's see what kind of thermal power these or those structures have.

Bimetal radiators

Sectional bimetallic radiators are made of two components - steel and aluminum. Their internal base is made of durable steel that can withstand high pressure, resistant to water hammer and aggressive coolant . An aluminum "jacket" is applied over the steel core by injection molding. It is she who is responsible for the high heat transfer. As a result, we get a kind of sandwich that is resistant to any negative influences and is characterized by a decent thermal power.

The heat transfer of bimetallic radiators depends on the center distance and on the specific model chosen. For example, devices from Rifar boast a thermal power of up to 204 W with a center distance of 500 mm. Similar models, but with a center distance of 350 mm, differ in a thermal power of 136 watts. For small radiators with a center distance of 200 mm, the heat output is 104 watts.

The heat output of bimetallic radiators from other manufacturers may differ downwards (on average 180-190 W with a distance between the axes of 500 mm). For example, the maximum thermal power of batteries from Global is 185 W per section with a distance between the axes of 500 mm.

Aluminum radiators

The thermal power of aluminum devices is practically no different from the heat transfer of bimetallic models. On average, it is about 180-190 W per section with a distance between the axles of 500 mm. The maximum figure reaches 210 W, but you need to take into account the high cost of such models. Let's give more accurate data on the example of Rifar:

center distance 350 mm - heat transfer 139 W;
center distance 500 mm - heat transfer 183 W;
center distance 350 mm (with bottom connection) - heat dissipation 153 watts.

For products from other manufacturers, this parameter may differ in one direction or another.

Aluminum appliances are focused on use in the composition individual systems heating. They are made in a simple but attractive design, are characterized by high heat transfer and operate at pressures up to 12-16 atm. For installation in centralized systems heating, they are not suitable due to the lack of resistance to aggressive coolant and water hammer.

design heating system in your own household? We recommend purchasing for this aluminum batteries- they will provide high-quality heating with their minimum dimensions.

Steel plate radiators

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators have a sectional design. Therefore, using them, it is customary to take into account the heat transfer of one section. In the case of non-separable steel radiators, the heat transfer of the entire device is taken into account at certain dimensions. For example, the heat output of a two-row Kermi FTV-22 radiator with a bottom connection 200 mm high and 1100 mm wide is 1010 W. If we take a panel steel radiator Buderus Logatrend VK-Profil 22-500-900, then its heat output will be 1644 watts.

When calculating the heating radiators of a private house, it is necessary to record the calculated heat output for each room. Based on the received data, necessary equipment. When choosing steel radiators, pay attention to their rows - for the same dimensions, three-row models have greater heat dissipation than their single-row counterparts.

Steel radiators, both panel and tubular, can be used in private houses and apartments - they can withstand pressure up to 10-15 atm and are resistant to aggressive coolant.

Cast iron radiators

The heat output of cast iron radiators is 120-150 W, depending on the distance between the axles. For some models, this figure reaches 180 W and even more. Cast iron batteries can operate at coolant pressures up to 10 bar, resisting destructive corrosion well. They are used both in private houses and in apartments (not counting new buildings, where steel and bimetallic models predominate).

When choosing cast-iron batteries for heating your own home, it is necessary to take into account the heat transfer of one section - based on this, batteries are purchased with one or another number of sections. For example, for cast iron batteries MS-140-500 with a center distance of 500 mm, the heat transfer is 175 W. The power of models with a center distance of 300 mm is 120 watts.

Cast iron is well suited for installation in private homes, pleasing with a long service life, high heat capacity and good heat dissipation. But you need to consider their disadvantages:

big weight - 10 sections with a center distance of 500 mm weigh more than 70 kg;
inconvenience in installation - this drawback smoothly follows from the previous one;
large inertia - contributes to too long warm-up and extra costs for heat generation.

Despite some disadvantages, they are still in demand.

Calculation by area

A simple table for calculating the power of a radiator for heating a room of a certain area.

How is the heating battery calculated per square meter of heated area? First you need to familiarize yourself with the basic parameters taken into account in the calculations, which include:

thermal power for heating 1 sq. m - 100 W;
standard ceiling height - 2.7 m;
one outer wall.

Based on such data, the thermal power required to heat a room of 10 sq. m, is 1000 watts. The received power is divided by the heat transfer of one section - as a result, we obtain the required number of sections (or we select a suitable steel panel or tubular radiator).

For the southernmost and coldest northern regions, additional coefficients are applied, both increasing and decreasing - we will talk about them later.

simple calculation

Table for calculating the required number of sections, depending on the area of the heated room and the power of one section.

Calculating the number of heating battery sections using a calculator gives good results. Let's give the simplest example for heating a room of 10 square meters. m - if the room is not angular and double-glazed windows are installed in it, the required thermal power will be 1000 W. If we want to install aluminum batteries with a heat dissipation of 180 W, we need 6 sections - just divide the power received by the heat dissipation of one section.

Accordingly, if you buy radiators with a heat output of one section of 200 W, then the number of sections will be 5 pcs. Will there be high ceilings up to 3.5 m in the room? Then the number of sections will increase to 6 pcs. There are two in the room external walls(corner room)? In this case, you need to add another section.

You also need to take into account the margin for thermal power in case of too cold winter- it is 10-20% of the calculated.

You can find out information about the heat transfer of batteries from their passport data. For example, the calculation of the number of sections of aluminum heating radiators is based on the heat transfer of one section. The same applies to bimetallic radiators(and cast iron, although they are non-separable). When using steel radiators, the nameplate power of the entire device is taken (we gave examples above).

Very accurate calculation

Above, we gave as an example a very simple calculation of the number of heating batteries per area. It does not take into account many factors, such as the quality of the thermal insulation of the walls, the type of glazing, the minimum outside temperature, and many others. Using simplified calculations, we can make mistakes, as a result of which some rooms turn out to be cold, and some too hot. The temperature can be corrected using stopcocks, but it is best to foresee everything in advance - if only for the sake of saving materials.

If during the construction of your house you paid due attention to its insulation, then in the future you will save a lot on heating.

How is the exact calculation of the number of heating radiators in a private house made? We will take into account the decreasing and increasing coefficients. Let's start with glazing. If single windows are installed in the house, we use a coefficient of 1.27. For double glazing, the coefficient does not apply (in fact, it is 1.0). If the house has triple glazing, we apply a reduction factor of 0.85.

Are the walls in the house lined with two bricks or is insulation provided in their design? Then we apply the coefficient 1.0. If you provide additional thermal insulation, you can safely use a reduction factor of 0.85 - heating costs will decrease. If there is no thermal insulation, we apply a multiplying factor of 1.27.

Note that heating a home with single windows and poor thermal insulation results in a large heat (and money) loss.

When calculating the number of heating batteries per area, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bfloors and windows. Ideally, this ratio is 30% - in this case, we use a coefficient of 1.0. if you love big windows, and the ratio is 40%, a factor of 1.1 should be applied, and with a ratio of 50%, the power should be multiplied by a factor of 1.2. If the ratio is 10% or 20%, we apply reduction factors of 0.8 or 0.9.

Ceiling height is an equally important parameter. Here we use the following coefficients:

Table for calculating the number of sections depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the height of the ceilings.

up to 2.7 m - 1.0;
from 2.7 to 3.5 m - 1.1;
from 3.5 to 4.5 m - 1.2.

Is there an attic behind the ceiling or another living room? And here we apply additional coefficients. If there is a heated attic upstairs (or with insulation), we multiply the power by 0.9, and if the dwelling is by 0.8. Is there an ordinary unheated attic behind the ceiling? We apply a coefficient of 1.0 (or simply do not take it into account).

After the ceilings, let's take up the walls - here are the coefficients:

one outer wall - 1.1;
two outer walls (corner room) - 1.2;
three outer walls (the last room in an elongated house, hut) - 1.3;
four outer walls (one-room house, outbuilding) - 1.4.

The average air temperature during the coldest period is also taken into account. winter period(same regional coefficient):

cold to -35 ° C - 1.5 (a very large margin that allows you not to freeze);
frosts down to -25 ° C - 1.3 (suitable for Siberia);
temperature up to -20 ° C - 1.1 (central Russia);
temperature up to -15 ° C - 0.9;
temperature down to -10 °C - 0.7.

The last two coefficients are used in hot southern regions. But even here it is customary to leave a solid supply in case of cold weather or especially for heat-loving people..

Having received the final thermal power necessary for heating the selected room, it should be divided by the heat transfer of one section. As a result, we will get the required number of sections and will be able to go to the store. Please note that these calculations assume a base heating power of 100 W per 1 sq. m.

If you are afraid of making mistakes in the calculations, seek help from specialized specialists. They will perform the most accurate calculations and calculate the heat output required for heating.

Why do you need an accurate calculation?

Power computing technology

Simple technique

A more accurate way

Calculation example

dimensions

SNiP and basic regulations

Volume calculation

Calculation by area

Parameters affecting the choice of radiator size

Calculation by room area

Calculation by room volume

Calculator for calculating sections of heating radiators

What is the methodology based on?

Fundamentals of Calculation

What do you need to pay attention to?

An easy way to calculate

An example of calculating the amount of heat for a room 6 x 3.4 meters

Accurate method for determining heat energy

How to rationally calculate the required number of radiator sections

We use the area

Using volume

Modern radiators

Metal radiators

Aluminum radiators

Cast iron radiators

Calculation algorithm

By area

By volume

Important

Wall correction

Window Correction

Roof and basement repairs

Correction for location

Features of temperature regimes

Radiator section calculator

Private house heating calculator

How to calculate the number of radiator sections per room

Area calculation

Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:

Additional factors

Section counting by volume

What to consider when calculating?

Accurate heatsink counting

Calculation formula

Calculation coefficients

Calculation depending on the material of the radiator

Area calculation

Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:

Additional factors

Section counting by volume

What to consider when calculating?

Accurate heatsink counting

Calculation formula

Calculation coefficients

Calculation depending on the material of the radiator

Thermal power of heating radiators

Bimetal radiators

Aluminum radiators

Steel plate radiators

Cast iron radiators

Calculation by area

simple calculation

Very accurate calculation

Video