What is it - the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating a building? Is it possible to calculate the hourly heat consumption for heating in a cottage with your own hands? This article will be devoted to terminology and general principles calculation of the need for thermal energy.

The basis of new building projects is energy efficiency.

Terminology

What is specific heat consumption for heating?

We are talking about the amount of thermal energy that needs to be brought inside the building in terms of each square or cubic meter in order to maintain normalized parameters in it, comfortable for work and living.

Usually, a preliminary calculation of heat losses is carried out according to enlarged meters, that is, based on the average thermal resistance of the walls, the approximate temperature in the building and its total volume.

Factors

What affects the annual heat consumption for heating?

• Duration of the heating season (). It, in turn, is determined by the dates when the average daily temperature in the street for the last five days falls below (and rises above) 8 degrees Celsius.

Useful: in practice, when planning the start and stop of heating, the weather forecast is taken into account. Long thaws occur in winter, and frosts can strike as early as September.

• Average temperatures of the winter months. Usually, when designing a heating system, the average monthly temperature of the coldest month, January, is taken as a guideline. It is clear that the colder it is outside, the more heat the building loses through the building envelope.

• The degree of thermal insulation of the building greatly affects what will be the rate of thermal power for him. An insulated facade can reduce the need for heat by half compared to a wall made of concrete slabs or bricks.
• building glazing factor. Even when using multi-chamber double-glazed windows and energy-saving spraying, noticeably more heat is lost through windows than through walls. The greater part of the facade is glazed, the greater the need for heat.
• The degree of illumination of the building. On a sunny day, a surface oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays is capable of absorbing up to a kilowatt of heat per square meter.

Clarification: in practice, an accurate calculation of the amount of absorbed solar heat will be extremely difficult. Those same glass facades, which lose heat in cloudy weather, will serve as heating in sunny weather. The orientation of the building, the slope of the roof, and even the color of the walls will all affect the ability to absorb solar heat.

Calculations

Theory is theory, but how heating costs are calculated in practice country house? Is it possible to estimate the estimated costs without plunging into the abyss of complex heat engineering formulas?

Consumption of the required amount of thermal energy

The instruction for calculating the approximate amount of heat required is relatively simple. The key phrase is an approximate amount: for the sake of simplifying calculations, we sacrifice accuracy, ignoring a number of factors.

• The base value of the amount of thermal energy is 40 watts per cubic meter of cottage volume.
• To the base value is added 100 watts for each window and 200 watts for each door in the outer walls.

• Further, the obtained value is multiplied by a coefficient, which is determined by the average amount of heat loss through the outer contour of the building. For apartments in the center apartment building a coefficient equal to one is taken: only losses through the facade are noticeable. Three of the four walls of the contour of the apartment border on warm rooms.

For corner and end apartments, a coefficient of 1.2 - 1.3 is taken, depending on the material of the walls. The reasons are obvious: two or even three walls become external.

Finally, in a private house, the street is not only along the perimeter, but also from below and above. In this case, a coefficient of 1.5 is applied.

Please note: for apartments on the extreme floors, if the basement and attic are not insulated, it is also quite logical to use a coefficient of 1.3 in the middle of the house and 1.4 at the end.

• Finally, the received thermal power is multiplied by a regional coefficient: 0.7 for Anapa or Krasnodar, 1.3 for St. Petersburg, 1.5 for Khabarovsk and 2.0 for Yakutia.

In a cold climate zone, there are special requirements for heating.

Let's calculate how much heat is needed for a cottage measuring 10x10x3 meters in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Territory.

The volume of the building is 10*10*3=300 m3.

Multiplying the volume by 40 watts/cube will give 300*40=12000 watts.

Six windows and one door is another 6*100+200=800 watts. 1200+800=12800.

Private house. Coefficient 1.5. 12800*1.5=19200.

Khabarovsk region. We multiply the need for heat by another one and a half times: 19200 * 1.5 = 28800. In total - at the peak of frost, we need about a 30-kilowatt boiler.

Calculation of heating costs

The easiest way to calculate the consumption of electricity for heating: when using an electric boiler, it is exactly equal to the cost of thermal power. With continuous consumption of 30 kilowatts per hour, we will spend 30 * 4 rubles (approximate current price of a kilowatt-hour of electricity) = 120 rubles.

Fortunately, the reality is not so nightmarish: as practice shows, the average heat demand is about half the calculated one.

• Firewood - 0.4 kg / kW / h. Thus, the approximate norms for the consumption of firewood for heating in our case will be equal to 30/2 (the rated power, as we remember, can be divided in half) * 0.4 \u003d 6 kilograms per hour.
• The consumption of brown coal in terms of a kilowatt of heat is 0.2 kg. The consumption rates of coal for heating are calculated in our case as 30/2*0.2=3 kg/h.

Brown coal is a relatively inexpensive heat source.

• For firewood - 3 rubles (the cost of a kilogram) * 720 (hours in a month) * 6 (hourly consumption) \u003d 12960 rubles.
• For coal - 2 rubles * 720 * 3 = 4320 rubles (read others).

Conclusion

You can, as usual, find additional information on cost calculation methods in the video attached to the article. Warm winters!

Heating systems and supply ventilation must work in buildings at average daily outdoor temperatures tn.day from +8С and below in areas with design outdoor air temperature for heating design up to -30С and at tn.day from +10С and lower in areas with design outdoor air temperature for heating design below - 30C. The values ​​of the duration of the heating period No and the average outdoor temperature tn.av are given in and for some cities of Russia in Appendix A. For example, for Vologda and adjacent areas No = 250 days / year, and tn.av = - 3.1С at tn.day=+10С.

Thermal energy consumption in GJ or Gcal for heating and ventilation of buildings for a certain period (month or heating season) is determined by the following formulas

Qo.= 0.00124NQo.r(tin - tn.av)/(tin - tn.r),

Qin. \u003d 0.001ZinNQin.r (tin - tn.av) / (tin - tn.r),

where N is the number of days in the billing period; for heating systems N is the duration of the heating season No from Appendix A or the number of days in a particular month Nmonth; for supply systems ventilation N is the number of working days of an enterprise or institution during the month Nm.v or the heating season Nv, for example, with a five-day working week Nm.v = Nmonth5/7, and Nv = No5/7;

Qо.р, Qв.р - calculated thermal load(maximum hourly consumption) in MJ / h or Mcal / h for heating or ventilation of the building, calculated by formulas.

tvn - the average air temperature in the building, given in Appendix B;

tn.av - the average outdoor temperature for the period under consideration (heating season or month), taken according to or according to Appendix B;

tn.r - design outdoor air temperature for heating design (the temperature of the coldest five-day period with a security of 0.92);

Zv - the number of hours of operation of supply ventilation systems and air-thermal curtains during the day; for one-shift work of a workshop or institution, Zv = 8 hours/day, for two-shift operation - Zv = 16 hours/day, in the absence of data for the microdistrict as a whole Zv = 16 hours/day.

The annual heat consumption for hot water supply Qgw.year in GJ/year or Gcal/year is determined by the formula

Qgw.year = 0.001Qday (Nz + Nl Kl),

where Qday - daily heat consumption for hot water supply of the building in MJ / day or Mcal / day, calculated by the formula;

Nz - number of days of consumption hot water in the building for the heating (winter) period; for residential buildings, hospitals, grocery stores and other buildings with daily operation of hot water supply systems, Nz is taken equal to the duration of the heating season No; for enterprises and institutions, Nz is the number of working days during the heating season, for example, with a five-day working week, Nz = No5/7;

Nl - the number of days of hot water consumption in the building for summer period; for residential buildings, hospitals, grocery stores and other buildings with daily operation of hot water supply systems Nl \u003d 350 - No, where 350 is the estimated number of days in a year of operation of HW systems; for enterprises and institutions, Nl is the number of working days during the summer period, for example, with a five-day working week, Nl \u003d (350 - No) 5/7;

Kl - coefficient taking into account the reduction in heat consumption for HW due to the higher initial temperature of the heated water, which is equal to tx.z = 5 degrees in winter, and on average tx.l = 15 degrees in summer; in this case, the coefficient Kl will be equal to Kl \u003d (tg - tx.l) / (tg - tx.z) \u003d (55 - 15) / (55 - 5) \u003d 0.8; when water is taken from wells, it may turn out to be tx.l = tx.s and then Kl = 1.0;

Coefficient taking into account a possible decrease in the number of hot water consumers in summer time in connection with the departure of part of the residents from the city for vacation and is assumed to be equal to = 0.8 for the housing and communal sector (for resort and southern cities = 1.5), and for enterprises = 1.0.

Description:

The amount of thermal energy consumed by the heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems of a building is a necessary indicator when determining the thermal efficiency of buildings, conducting an energy audit, the activities of energy service organizations, comparing the actual heat consumption of a building, measured by a heat meter, with the required one based on the actual thermal characteristics of the building and the degree of automation of the system heating and in many other cases. In this issue, the editors publish an example of calculating the amount of thermal energy for hot water supply of a residential building

Calculation of the amount of thermal energy for hot water supply

The amount of thermal energy consumed by the heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems of a building is a necessary indicator when determining the thermal efficiency of buildings, conducting an energy audit, the activities of energy service organizations, comparing the actual heat consumption of a building, measured by a heat meter, with the required one based on the actual thermal characteristics of the building and the degree of automation of the system heating and in many other cases. In this issue, the editors publish an example of calculating the amount of heat energy for hot water supply of a residential building*.

Initial data

Object (building):

• number of floors in the building - 16;
• the number of sections in the building - 4;
• number of apartments in the building - 256.

Heating period:

• duration of the heating period, z ht = 214 days;
• the average temperature of the internal air in the building for the period, t int= 20 °C;
• average outdoor temperature for the period, tht= - 3.1 °C;
• calculated outdoor temperature, text= - 28 °C;
• average wind speed for the period, v= 3.8 m/s.

Hot water supply:

• type of hot water supply system: with uninsulated risers and heated towel rails;
• availability of hot water supply networks: in the presence of hot water supply networks after the central heating station;
• average water consumption per user, g= 105 l/day;
• number of days when hot water is turned off, m= 21 days

Calculation procedure

1. The average calculated volume of hot water consumption per day of the heating period in a residential building V hw is determined by the formula:

Vhw = gm h 10 –3 , (1)

Where g– average water consumption for the heating period by one user (resident), equal to 105 l/day. for residential buildings with centralized hot water supply and equipped with devices for stabilizing water pressure at a minimum level (pressure regulators at the entrance to the building, zoning the system in height, installation of apartment pressure regulators); for other consumers - see SNiP 2.04.01–85* " Internal plumbing and sewerage of buildings”;
m h - the number of users (residents), pers.

V hw \u003d 105 865 10 -3 \u003d 91 m 3 / day.

In the case of a calculation for an apartment building, taking into account the equipment of apartments with water meters, from the condition that a 40% reduction in water consumption occurs during apartment accounting, the calculation of hot water consumption will be made according to the formula:

where K uch - the number of apartments equipped with water meters;
K sq - the number of apartments in the back.

2. The hourly average consumption of thermal energy for hot water supply Qhw, kW, for the heating period, is determined in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01–85 *. It is allowed to determine the average hourly consumption Q hw by the formula:

(2)

where V hw is the average calculated volume of hot water consumption in a residential building per day of the heating period, m 3 / day; determined by formula (1);
t wc - cold water temperature, °C, take t wc = 5 °C;
k hl is a coefficient that takes into account heat losses by pipelines of hot water supply systems, taken according to table. one;
ρ w is the density of water, kg/l, ρ w = 1 kg/l;
c w is the specific heat capacity of water, J/(kg °C); c w = 4.2 J/ (kg °C).

We get Q hw = 299 kW.

3. The amount of thermal energy consumed by the hot water supply system per year, taking into account the inclusion of the system for repairs Q y hw is determined by the formula:

(3)

where Q hw - determined by formula (2);
k hl, t wc is the same as in formula (2);
m– number of days when hot water supply is turned off, days; in the Moscow region take m = 14 days;
z ht is the duration, days, of the heating period with an average daily outdoor temperature below 8 °C (according to SNiP 23-01–99*), and for territories with t ext = -30 °C and below - with an average daily outdoor temperature below 10 °C;
α - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the level of water intake in residential buildings in the summer: α = 0.9 - for residential buildings; α = 1 - for other buildings;
t wcs is the temperature of cold water in summer, °C, taken equal to 15 °C for water intake from open sources.
We get Q y hw = 2 275 058 kWh

What is such a measuring unit as a gigacalorie? What does it have to do with traditional kilowatt-hours, in which it is calculated thermal energy? What information is necessary to have in order to correctly calculate Gcal for heating? After all, what formula should be used during the calculation? This and many other things will be discussed in today's article.

What is Gcal?

Let's start with a related definition. A calorie refers to the amount of energy required to heat one gram of water to one degree Celsius (under conditions atmospheric pressure, of course). And in view of the fact that from the point of view of heating costs, say, at home, one calorie is a miserable amount, in most cases, gigacalories (or Gcal for short), corresponding to one billion calories, are used for calculations. With that decided, let's move on.

The use of this value is regulated by the relevant document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, issued back in 1995.

Note! On average, the consumption standard in Russia per square meter is 0.0342 Gcal per month. Of course, this figure may vary for different regions, since it all depends on climatic conditions.

So, what is a gigacalorie if we “transform” it into more familiar values ​​for us? See for yourself.

1. One gigacalorie equals approximately 1,162.2 kilowatt-hours.

2. One gigacalorie of energy is enough to heat a thousand tons of water to +1°C.

What is all this for?

The problem should be considered from two points of view - from the point of view of apartment buildings and private ones. Let's start with the first.

Multi-apartment buildings

There is nothing complicated here: gigacalories are used in thermal calculations. And if you know how much heat energy remains in the house, then you can present a specific bill to the consumer. Here's a little comparison: if centralized heating will function in the absence of a meter, then you have to pay for the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room. If there is a heat meter, this in itself implies a horizontal type of wiring (either collector or serial): two risers are brought into the apartment (for “return” and supply), and already the intra-apartment system (more precisely, its configuration) is determined by the tenants. This kind of scheme is used in new buildings, thanks to which people regulate the consumption of thermal energy, making a choice between savings and comfort.

Let's find out how this adjustment is carried out.

1. Installation of a common thermostat on the "return" line. In this case, the flow rate of the working fluid is determined by the temperature inside the apartment: if it decreases, then the flow rate will increase accordingly, and if it rises, it will decrease.

2. Throttling of heating radiators. Thanks to the throttle, the permeability heater is limited, the temperature decreases, which means that the consumption of thermal energy is reduced.

Private houses

We continue to talk about the calculation of Gcal for heating. Owners country houses they are interested, first of all, in the cost of a gigacalorie of thermal energy received from one or another type of fuel. The table below can help with this.

Table. Comparison of the cost of 1 Gcal (including transportation costs)

* - prices are approximate, as tariffs may differ depending on the region, moreover, they are also constantly growing.

Heat meters

Now let's find out what information is needed in order to calculate the heating. It is easy to guess what this information is.

1. The temperature of the working fluid at the outlet / inlet of a particular section of the line.

2. The flow rate of the working fluid that passes through the heating devices.

The flow rate is determined through the use of thermal metering devices, that is, meters. These can be of two types, let's get acquainted with them.

Vane meters

Such devices are intended not only for heating systems, but also for hot water supply. Their only difference from those meters that are used for cold water is the material from which the impeller is made - in this case it is more resistant to elevated temperatures.

As for the mechanism of work, it is almost the same:

• due to the circulation of the working fluid, the impeller begins to rotate;
• the rotation of the impeller is transferred to the accounting mechanism;
• the transfer is carried out without direct interaction, but with the help of a permanent magnet.

Despite the fact that the design of such meters is extremely simple, their response threshold is quite low, moreover, there is also reliable protection against distortion of readings: the slightest attempt to brake the impeller by means of an external magnetic field prevented by the anti-magnetic screen.

Instruments with differential recorder

Such devices operate on the basis of Bernoulli's law, which states that the speed of a gas or liquid flow is inversely proportional to its static movement. But how is this hydrodynamic property applicable to the calculation of the flow rate of the working fluid? Very simple - you just need to block her path with a retaining washer. In this case, the rate of pressure drop on this washer will be inversely proportional to the speed of the moving stream. And if the pressure is recorded by two sensors at once, then you can easily determine the flow rate, and in real time.

Note! The design of the counter implies the presence of electronics. The vast majority of these modern models provides not only dry information (temperature of the working fluid, its consumption), but also determines the actual use of thermal energy. The control module here is equipped with a port for connecting to a PC and can be configured manually.

Many readers will probably have a logical question: what if we are talking not about a closed heating system, but about an open one, in which selection for hot water supply is possible? How, in this case, to calculate Gcal for heating? The answer is quite obvious: here pressure sensors (as well as retaining washers) are placed simultaneously on both the supply and the “return”. And the difference in the flow rate of the working fluid will indicate the amount of heated water that was used for domestic needs.

How to calculate the consumed thermal energy?

If there is no heat meter for one reason or another, then the following formula must be used to calculate the heat energy:

Vx(T1-T2)/1000=Q

Let's take a look at what these conventions mean.

1. V denotes the amount of hot water consumed, which can be calculated either in cubic meters or in tons.

2. T1 is the temperature indicator of the hottest water (traditionally measured in the usual degrees Celsius). In this case, it is preferable to use exactly the temperature that is observed at a certain operating pressure. By the way, the indicator even has a special name - this is enthalpy. But if the desired sensor is not available, then as a basis, you can take that temperature regime, which is extremely close to this enthalpy. In most cases, the average is approximately 60-65 degrees.

3. T2 in the above formula also indicates the temperature, but already cold water. Due to the fact that to penetrate the highway with cold water- the matter is rather difficult, as this value constant values ​​\u200b\u200bare used that can change depending on the climatic conditions on the street. So, in winter, when the heating season is in full swing, this figure is 5 degrees, and in summer, with the heating turned off, 15 degrees.

4. As for 1000, this is the standard coefficient used in the formula in order to get the result already in gigacalories. It will be more accurate than if calories were used.

5. Finally, Q is the total amount of thermal energy.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here, so we move on. If the heating circuit is of a closed type (and this is more convenient from an operational point of view), then the calculations must be made in a slightly different way. The formula to use for a closed building heating system, should look like this:

((V1x(T1-T)-(V2x(T2-T))=Q

Now, respectively, to decryption.

1. V1 denotes the flow rate of the working fluid in the supply pipeline (not only water, but also steam can act as a source of thermal energy, which is typical).

2. V2 is the flow rate of the working fluid in the "return" pipeline.

3. T is an indicator of the temperature of the cold liquid.

4. T1 - water temperature in the supply pipeline.

5. T2 - temperature indicator, which is observed at the outlet.

6. And, finally, Q is all the same amount of thermal energy.

It is also worth noting that the calculation of Gcal for heating in this case is based on several designations:

• thermal energy that entered the system (measured in calories);
• temperature indicator during the removal of the working fluid through the "return" pipeline.

Other ways to determine the amount of heat

We add that there are also other ways by which you can calculate the amount of heat that enters the heating system. In this case, the formula not only differs slightly from those given below, but also has several variations.

((V1x(T1-T2)+(V1-V2)x(T2-T1))/1000=Q

((V2x(T1-T2)+(V1-V2)x(T1-T)/1000=Q

As for the values ​​of the variables, they are the same here as in the previous paragraph of this article. Based on all this, we can make a confident conclusion that it is quite possible to calculate the heat for heating on our own. However, one should not forget about consulting with specialized organizations that are responsible for providing housing with heat, since their methods and principles for making calculations may differ, and significantly, and the procedure may consist of a different set of measures.

If you intend to equip a “warm floor” system, then prepare for the fact that the calculation process will be more complicated, since it takes into account not only the features of the heating circuit, but also the characteristics electrical network, which, in fact, will heat the floor. Moreover, the organizations that install this kind of equipment will also be different.

Note! People often face the problem when calories should be converted to kilowatts, which is explained by the use of a unit of measurement in many specialized manuals, which in international system called "Si".

In such cases, it must be remembered that the coefficient due to which kilocalories will be converted to kilowatts is 850. In simpler terms, one kilowatt is 850 kilocalories. This calculation option is simpler than the above, since it is possible to determine the value in gigacalories in a few seconds, since Gcal, as noted earlier, is a million calories.

To avoid possible errors, do not forget that almost all modern heat meters work with some error, albeit within the allowable. Such an error can also be calculated with your own hands, for which you must use the following formula:

(V1- V2)/(V1+ V2)x100=E

Traditionally, now we find out what each of these variable values ​​means.

1. V1 is the flow rate of the working fluid in the supply pipeline.

2. V2 - a similar indicator, but already in the "return" pipeline.

3. 100 is the number by which the value is converted to a percentage.

4. Finally, E is the error of the accounting device.

According to operational requirements and standards, the maximum permissible error should not exceed 2 percent, although in most meters it is somewhere around 1 percent.

As a result, we note that a correctly calculated Gcal for heating can significantly save money spent on heating a room. At first glance, this procedure is quite complicated, but - and you saw it for yourself - with good instructions, there is nothing difficult in it.

Video - How to calculate heating in a private house

The procedure for calculating heating in the housing stock depends on the availability of metering devices and on how the house is equipped with them. There are several options for completing multi-apartment residential buildings with meters, and according to which, heat energy is calculated:

1. the presence of a common house meter, while apartments and non-residential premises are not equipped with metering devices.
2. heating costs are controlled by a common house device, and all or some rooms are equipped with metering devices.
3. there is no general house device for fixing the consumption and consumption of thermal energy.

Before calculating the number of gigacalories spent, it is necessary to find out the presence or absence of controllers in the house and in each individual room, including non-residential ones. Let's consider all three options for calculating thermal energy, for each of which a specific formula has been developed (posted on the website of state authorized bodies).

Option 1

So, the house is equipped with a control device, and some rooms were left without it. Here it is necessary to take into account two positions: the calculation of Gcal for heating an apartment, the cost of thermal energy for general house needs (ODN).

In this case, formula No. 3 is used, which is based on the readings of the general meter, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house and the footage of the apartment.

Calculation example

We will assume that the controller recorded the heating costs of the house at 300 Gcal / month (this information can be obtained from the receipt or by contacting management company). For example, total area house, which consists of the sum of the areas of all premises (residential and non-residential), is 8000 m² (you can also find out this figure from the receipt or from the management company).

Let's take the area of ​​​​an apartment of 70 m² (indicated in the data sheet, rental agreement or registration certificate). The last figure, on which the calculation of payment for consumed heat energy depends, is the tariff established by the authorized bodies of the Russian Federation (indicated on the receipt or found out in the house management company). Today, the heating tariff is 1,400 rubles/gcal.

Substituting the data in formula No. 3, we get the following result: 300 x 70 / 8,000 x 1,400 \u003d 1875 rubles.

Now you can proceed to the second stage of accounting for heating costs spent on the general needs of the house. Two formulas are required here: the search for the volume of services (No. 14) and the payment for the consumption of gigacalories in rubles (No. 10).

In order to correctly determine the volume of heating in this case, it will be necessary to sum up the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball apartments and premises provided for common use (information is provided by the management company).

For example, we have a total footage of 7000 m² (including apartments, offices, retail premises.).

Let's start calculating the payment for the consumption of thermal energy according to formula No. 14: 300 x (1 - 7,000 / 8,000) x 70 / 7,000 \u003d 0.375 Gcal.

Using formula No. 10, we get: 0.375 x 1,400 = 525, where:

• 0.375 - volume of service for heat supply;
• 1400 r. – tariff;
• 525 rubles - amount of payment.

We summarize the results (1875 + 525) and find out that the payment for heat consumption will be 2350 rubles.

Option 2

Now we will calculate payments in those conditions when the house is equipped with a common meter for heating, as well as some apartments are equipped with individual meters. As in the previous case, the calculation will be carried out in two positions (thermal energy consumption for housing and ONE).

We will need formulas No. 1 and No. 2 (accrual rules according to the testimony of the controller or taking into account the norms for heat consumption for residential premises in gcal). Calculations will be carried out in relation to the area of ​​​​a residential building and an apartment from the previous version.

• 1.3 gigacalories - readings of an individual counter;
• 1 1820 r. - approved rate.

• 0.025 gcal - standard indicator of heat consumption per 1 m² of area in an apartment;
• 70 m² - area of ​​the apartment;
• 1 400 rubles - tariff for thermal energy.

As it becomes clear, with this option, the payment amount will depend on the availability of a metering device in your apartment.

Formula No. 13: (300 - 12 - 7,000 x 0.025 - 9 - 30) x 75 / 8,000 \u003d 1.425 gcal, where:

• 300 gcal - indications of a common house meter;
• 12 gcal - the amount of thermal energy used for heating non-residential premises;
• 6,000 m² - the sum of the area of ​​​​all residential premises;
• 0.025 - standard (thermal energy consumption for apartments);
• 9 gcal - the sum of indicators from the meters of all apartments that are equipped with metering devices;
• 35 gcal - the amount of heat spent on the supply of hot water in the absence of its centralized supply;
• 70 m² - area of ​​the apartment;
• 8,000 m² - total area (all residential and non-residential premises in the house).

Please note that this option only includes real amounts of energy consumed, and if your house is equipped with a centralized hot water supply, then the amount of heat spent on hot water needs is not taken into account. The same applies to non-residential premises: if they are not in the house, then they will not be included in the calculation.

• 1.425 gcal - the amount of heat (ONE);

1. 1820 + 1995 = 3,815 rubles - with individual counter.
2. 2 450 + 1995 = 4445 rubles. - without individual device.

Option 3

We are left with the last option, during which we will consider the situation when there is no heat meter on the house. The calculation, as in previous cases, will be carried out in two categories (thermal energy consumption for an apartment and ONE).

We will derive the amount for heating using formulas No. 1 and No. 2 (rules on the procedure for calculating thermal energy, taking into account the readings of individual meters or in accordance with the established standards for residential premises in gcal).

Formula No. 1: 1.3 x 1,400 \u003d 1820 rubles, where:

• 1.3 gcal - readings of an individual meter;
• 1 400 rubles - approved rate.

Formula No. 2: 0.025 x 70 x 1,400 = 2,450 rubles, where:

• 1 400 rubles - approved rate.

As in the second option, the payment will depend on whether your housing is equipped with an individual heat meter. Now it is necessary to find out the amount of heat energy that was spent on general house needs, and this must be done according to formula No. 15 (volume of service for one unit) and No. 10 (amount for heating).

Formula No. 15: 0.025 x 150 x 70 / 7000 \u003d 0.0375 gcal, where:

• 0.025 gcal - standard indicator of heat consumption per 1 m² of living space;
• 100 m² - the sum of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises intended for general house needs;
• 70 m² - the total area of ​​the apartment;
• 7,000 m² - total area (all residential and non-residential premises).

Formula No. 10: 0.0375 x 1,400 = 52.5 rubles, where:

• 0.0375 - volume of heat (ONE);
• 1400 r. - approved rate.

As a result of the calculations, we found out that the full payment for heating will be:

1. 1820 + 52.5 \u003d 1872.5 rubles. - with individual counter.
2. 2450 + 52.5 \u003d 2,502.5 rubles. – without individual counter.

In the above calculations of payments for heating, data on the footage of the apartment, house, as well as on the meter indicators, which may differ significantly from those that you have, were used. All you need to do is plug your values ​​into the formula and make the final calculation.