Attic pie. Insulation of the attic from the inside if the roof is already covered. Video: laying the insulating layers of the roofing cake
The roofing cake fills the truss frame. It is necessary to protect the house from rains, showers, keep warm, do not miss the noise. This is due to the fact that the roofing cake is multi-layered, it has forming elements, they need to be laid correctly and alternately, and at the same time, the fastening technology must be observed, then the roof will be multifunctional.
Each layer of a roofing cake under a metal tile with an insulated roof is designed to perform a function, the cake should be mounted in a strict sequence. At the same time, the main rule is that its mass should not be more than the bearing capacity of the rafters. Therefore, it is worth calculating all the loads on the building envelope, the required thickness of the insulation and the strength of the rafters using ours.
Typically, a roofing cake includes: (from inside to outside):
- filing from the side of the roof space;
- vapor barrier, for example, polypropylene film;
- insulation, for example, mineral wool, placed between the rafter system;
- waterproofing, for example, a membrane that is laid along the upper edge of the rafters;
- a counter-lattice made of wooden slats;
- crate made of wood;
- covering material, that is, a metal tile.
The roof can be insulated in different ways, it can be cold or insulated.
That is, the roofing cake consists of certain layers, with each layer performing its own function:
1. The topmost layer of the pie is a metal tile. It provides protection from precipitation, temperature changes, determines the appearance of the roof.
2. Vibration isolation elements. They stop the vibration, they do not hear the noise from the downpour, knocking on the metal roof.
3. The frame of the lathing is made of wood. It is required to attach the outer covering - metal tiles and make a gap under the roof so that ventilation exists between the materials.
4. Counter-lattice, consisting of wooden slats. Provides necessary air circulation between a metal tile, an obreshetka and insulating materials.
5. Waterproofing. It does not allow moisture to penetrate to the frame of the truss system and into the insulation.
6. Thermal insulation material. It performs the function of isolation from noise and does not allow heat to escape from the room.
7. Roof rafters. A roofing cake and insulation are attached to them. With the help of the truss system, it turns out free space in the attic.
8. Vapor barrier. She brings out the vapors that form inside the house.
9. A layer of inner lining of the roof. Designed for fastening finishing material.
Rafter.
Metal roof rafters are identical to other rafters to which sheet or heavy coverings are attached. But these rafters are different in that the metal tile does not load them very much, so for the construction of rafters it is not necessary to take a beam of large section.
The distance between the rafter legs is usually 600-900 mm. When choosing the pitch of the rafter bars, it is worth considering the width and thickness of the material used for insulation. It must be tightly laid between the frame, so that there are no gaps.
The rafter system is made of bars with a section of 50x150 mm. If the boards have this width, then you can choose a heater with a thickness of 150 mm. If you want to build a roof in the cold regions of the country, then you should select bars with a width of about 200 mm. Then you can pick up a heater also 200 mm thick.
Vapor barrier.
Vapor barrier is required to protect the insulation from moisture, as well as to maintain a certain microclimate in the rooms. Usually, the steam generated in the room rises. If there is no vapor barrier layer in the installed roof, then the steam will be absorbed into the insulation.
During frost, the steam will begin to stop from the outside of the thermal insulation. There it will first become frost, and then a crust of ice on the material. And in the spring, when it becomes warm, the insulation covered with a crust of ice will become unusable. The ice will melt and water will flow onto the insulation. Previously, glassine was used as a vapor barrier. Now they are mounting films made of polyethylene or polypropylene:
1. Polyethylene film is not very strong, because of this it is reinforced with mesh.
2. A polypropylene film is a woven fabric, it is laminated on both sides with a thin layer of the same material. One side is rough.
Thermal insulation.
The most widely used heaters are mineral wool or polystyrene. They are pretty inexpensive. Mineral wool, foam blocks are laid between the rafters. They are mounted end to end. If this results in cracks and gaps, then they are blown out mounting foam.
If you do not have time to install insulation, then you can insulate the roof with polyurethane foam.
Waterproofing.
Previously, glassine or roofing felt was used as waterproofing. Now, in order for the roof to last for a long time, special membranes are used. Although this material is not cheap, it is reliable and durable. The membrane material consists of 2 layers: the first is reinforcing, the second is moisture repellent.
Control grate and ventilation gap.
The counter-lattice is created from wooden slats. They are attached to a layer of waterproofing, which is placed on top of the log rafters. Then the mounted bars of the counter-lattice provide a gap between the waterproofing layer and the roof covering.
Crate.
The crate is the basis for attaching the metal tile. It is made of wooden blocks, they are mounted perpendicular to the legs of the rafters. Reiki, boards or bars of the crate are attached end-to-end or through a small gap equal to the step of the wave of the metal tile. A crate made of wood is created by attaching it with nails, screws, staples.
But in this case, you should not forget that the whole tree should be treated with antifungal compounds, otherwise it will rot.
Vibration isolation.
You should definitely make vibration isolation if you plan to cover the roof with metal tiles, since during rain, showers, quite a lot of noise appears.
Sound-absorbing materials are used to protect metal roofs from noise.
To reduce noise and vibration, you can:
1. Tightly attach all layers of the roofing cake, thus increasing its rigidity. This is easy to do if, when attaching, screw in a lot of self-tapping screws by 1 m.
3. Make the crate and the counter-crate in the same plane. Since if the slats are attached unevenly, then after the installation of the metal tile, the final coating will be deformed, and this may cause noise.
4. You can also reduce noise if a seal is placed between the counter-batten and the rafters, which isolates sounds.
For the manufacture of metal tiles take thin sheets of aluminum, steel, copper. If you are planning to buy a metal tile in Kyiv, we recommend that you follow the link where you will find your option for buying a roof at a great price.
Such material can serve as a roof for several decades, it is reliable and durable. True, such properties depend on the density of laying metal tiles when creating a roof. To put the material tightly, sealing elements are used.
Video lesson of metal tile installation.
The roof of a building is exposed to a particularly intense effect of various natural factors, therefore, not only comfort inside the house, but also the duration of operation of the entire structure depends on the reliability and quality of its construction. Particular attention should be paid to the choice of material and the sequence of installation of the layers of the roof pie under the metal tile. The article provides information on the materials necessary for arranging a reliable roof - the main operational characteristics, the need for use, installation features, etc. After reading the article, you will be able to control the quality of the work of builders, and if necessary, do not allow them to "save" on the purchase of cheap building and insulating materials or "simplify" the installation technology.
Source spb-artstroy.ruThe sequence and purpose of the layers of the roofing pie of the roof with thermal insulation
A roofing pie made of metal tiles with insulation consists of several layers, each of which has its own purpose:
External coating. metal tile or a budget option- metal profile (profiled sheet, corrugated board). The metal profile is recommended to be used to cover household buildings and technical structures in the roof structure without insulation;
crate. Wooden frame to which the outer covering is attached;
Waterproofing. Protects the rafter system and thermal insulation from moisture;
Control grille. Wooden slats that create a ventilation gap between the outer covering and insulating materials. Thanks to the counter-lattice, humid air and condensate do not come into contact with the thermal insulation;
Sound and vibration isolation. Damper elements are part of the roof frame of a large area. It is allowed to use such brands as Isoplast bi-not, Sylomer, etc. Roof structures of small and medium sizes can do without them, provided that the supporting base (flooring) is carefully installed, fibrous thermal insulation is used and the metal tile fastening technology is strictly followed;
truss system. The totality of the load-bearing elements of the roof, which is the basis for fastening all layers of the roofing pie;
thermal insulation. Reduce building heat loss. It is recommended to use fibrous thermal insulation materials with a high degree of sound insulation: mineral wool, basalt wool, glass wool;
vapor barrier. Protects the roofing pie from moist air coming from interior spaces structures;
Internal counter grille. Wooden slats of small section, creating a ventilation gap between the vapor barrier membrane and internal finishing materials;
sheathing. Draft: plywood, OSB, drywall, designed for fastening decorative and finishing materials. Decorative: plastic or wooden lining, false timber, decorative panels.
Sequence of cold roof layers
The technology for arranging a cold roof is much simpler than an insulated one:
To the rafters with a construction stapler fastened waterproofing membrane;
Along the rafter legs slats are installed counter-lattices;
Lathing elements are fixed perpendicular to the rafters;
Is fixed roofing material- metal tile.
Cold roofing is used for technical structures, garages, storage facilities and other commercial buildings.
The main characteristics and features of the use of roofing elements
truss frame
For a roof made of metal, a standard rafter system for light roofing materials. The cross section of the beam is 50x150 mm, the pitch of the rafter legs is 600-950 mm. As a rule, a step of 600 mm is adopted for the convenience of installing heat-insulating materials. This distance allows you to place entire insulation boards between the rafters without gaps and without the need to cut them, which will significantly speed up the installation process.
In the northern regions of Russia, it is recommended to use a bar with a section of 50x200 mm for rafters. This is due to the need to withstand increased snow and wind loads, and also allows you to place a thicker insulation between the frame elements.
Waterproofing
The choice of waterproofing material, which is part of the roof under the metal tile, depends on the purpose of the structure. The use of ordinary polyethylene film, glassine or roofing felt is allowed for the insulation of non-insulated roof structures used in unheated technical buildings.
Two-layer polymer- consists of two layers of polyethylene film with a reinforcing mesh between them;
Super diffusion membrane- characterized by one-way vapor permeability. Its location during installation - with a permeable side towards the insulation, so that moist air is removed from the thermal insulation into the ventilation gap.
Fluffy waterproofing- is also a diffuse material that removes moisture. In addition, it prevents the formation of condensate. It is installed with a fleecy, vapor-permeable side to the insulation.
Any of the waterproofing membranes is laid on the roof plane parallel to the ridge, starting from the bottom. The overlap between the panels is 10-15 cm and is additionally glued with construction tape. Fastening to the rafters is carried out with a construction stapler.
Control grille
It is located between the elements of the crate and the rafters, forming a gap between the waterproofing layer and the roofing material. It is made of wood in the form of bars 30x50 mm. If the roof has a complex structure, a large area or a significant length of the slope, then bars of an increased cross section are used for the counter-lattice - 50x50 mm. It is located along the rafters and is attached to them with nails or screws with self-tapping screws 50-75 mm long.
crate
Is the bearing basis for sheets of a metal tile. It is made of boards with a section of 50x200 mm or a bar of 40x60 mm, located perpendicular to the rafters. In practice, these elements are often used together, if it is necessary to secure the extreme sheets of metal tiles, in case of increased wind loads in the region and / or high windage of the roof structure. In this case, the main area of the roof is covered with timber, and the lower part of the slope is covered with a solid board flooring. The step of the elements of the crate depends on the wave of the metal tile and is 800-1000 mm. Fastening is carried out using nails or wood screws (self-tapping screws) 60-75 mm long.
Important! All wooden elements roof structure must be treated with antiseptic (against fungus, mold, rot) and fire retardant (increase flame resistance) impregnations. Manufacturers of construction chemicals also offer universal wood treatment products that significantly increase the service life.
On our website you can find the most . In the filters, you can set the desired direction, the presence of gas, water, electricity and other communications.
thermal insulation
The traditional heat-insulating material, a roof pie under a metal tile with a heater, is mineral (basalt) wool. It is sold in rolls and slabs. The size of the plates from most manufacturers is 1000x600x50 (100) mm. They are installed in the inter-rafter space by surprise.
The use of slabs is preferable, since when laying them, additional fasteners are not required to hold the material between the rafters. The insulation is laid as tightly as possible, but at the same time it is necessary to ensure that the material does not deform or shrink.
For the insulation of technical buildings, it is more advisable to use expanded polystyrene, since it is better resistant to moderate mechanical stress and does not need additional protection from the inside of the building.
It is advisable to fill the gaps between the expanded polystyrene plates and between the insulation and the rafters with mounting foam. This will not only eliminate the leakage of warm air from the room, but also give the entire structure additional strength.
vapor barrier
It is one of the most important layers of the roof pie under the metal tile. Its main purpose is to protect heat-insulating materials from the influence of warm, moist air coming from inside the premises. The use of vapor barrier is mandatory when using fibrous heat-insulating materials, since absorbing moisture, mineral wool significantly reduces its effectiveness.
The most common vapor barrier material with an affordable cost is glassine. However, it has low strength and durability. Polypropylene "woven" membrane is more durable and efficient. It is produced under many brands and is positioned by the manufacturer as a universal insulating agent - hydro-wind-vapor barrier. In addition, this material prevents the formation of condensate.
Sound and vibration isolation
One of the specific properties of metal tiles is a high level of noise from external influences. Therefore, special attention is paid to sound insulation:
All structural elements are fixed screws. The parts to be connected must be securely pulled together to prevent the formation of cracks and play;
Calculated the position of the elements of the crate so that the edges of the sheet of roofing material are located on the carrier rail;
Installation of all elements of the batten and counter batten is carried out without deviation from the working plane, as evenly as possible, without bumps and depressions. This will avoid distortions during the installation of metal tiles.
The noise level is significantly reduced by the use of fibrous heat-insulating materials. Some manufacturers produce specialized brands of thermal insulation with a high sound absorption coefficient, from 0.5 to 0.8.
It is advisable to carry out special measures for vibration isolation if the house is located near railway, highways with heavy traffic or if the roof slopes have a large area. To do this, special damper pads separate the layers of the roof under the metal tile between the bars of the counter-lattice and the rafters.
Video description
In the video you can see the rules for installing a roofing pie:
Roofing
A high-quality metal tile has a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm and several layers of protection. Visually, the presence of internal protective layers is almost impossible to check, so when purchasing roofing material, ask the seller for a certificate. To protect against corrosion, the metal tile is painted on the inside, and on the outside it has a polymer coating, which resists external influences much better than paints and varnishes. The durability of operation and the cost of the roof depend on the type of external protective layer. The most common are the following types of polymer coatings:
Polyester. The thickness of the protective layer is 25-30 microns. It has an affordable cost and relatively high performance. Guarantee period operation of a metal tile with a polyester covering of 8-10 years;
Polyurethane. Characterized by resistance to mechanical damage, temperature extremes and various chemicals. When the sheet is bent, such a coating does not lose its integrity;
PVC. Demonstrates high resistance to mechanical, chemical and thermal influences. Has high plasticity. Metal tiles with such a coating are recommended for laying on relief surfaces. It is advisable to use in regions with extremely hot climates;
Plastisol. Consists of polyvinyl chloride with the addition of a plasticizer. It is applied with a layer up to 200 microns, which allows applying a relief pattern to the surface of the metal tile. They have low resistance to high temperatures, which does not allow it to be used in regions with a hot climate.
Interior decoration
A ventilation gap is also formed between the vapor barrier membrane and drywall or OSB sheets. For this, they are used wooden slats with a section of 20x30 mm., Attached to the rafters perpendicularly.
Video description
From the video you can learn how to properly make a roofing cake for a metal tile:
Conclusion
Despite the high cost of materials and significant labor costs when constructing a roofing pie for a metal roof, it is highly discouraged to “simplify” the technology by skipping layers or using cheap insulating membranes from unknown manufacturers. The consequences can be the saddest, up to the complete replacement of the roof.
The use of the attic as a living space requires the creation of comfortable living conditions, which directly depend on the quality of the insulation of this part of the house. Thermal insulation of the attic floor allows you to get a double benefit: in winter, the room will remain warm, and in summer a pleasant coolness will be created. But to achieve this goal, it is necessary to know and understand the technology of insulation. In addition, thermal insulation work can be performed if there is a significant amount of free time, a desire to work and experience in handling certain tools.
Mansard roof insulation process
The attic floor is insulated by analogy with a conventional roof, but taking into account more stringent requirements, which is explained design features premises.
In particular we are talking about the walls of the attic, which in most cases are integral with the roof. This leads to rapid cooling in winter and intense heating in the heat of summer.
Proper Mansard Roof Pie
In general, the attic insulation pie looks like this:
- Laying a vapor barrier layer.
- Insulation.
- Creation of a ventilation gap.
- waterproofing material.
- Roof covering.
Each layer of the attic roofing cake performs its own function, so the absence of one of them will be considered a violation of the mansard-type roof insulation technology. Particular attention in the process of work should be paid to insulation and ventilation, since it is these factors that provide comfortable accommodation in the attic room.
To understand how to properly insulate a mansard roof, you need to know the reasons why this type of work is performed.
Secondly, the presence of insulation helps protect the attic from excess heat in the summer heat.
This is because all thermal insulation materials have the property of thermal conductivity. By this parameter, you can determine how much heat the material is able to let in or out of the room. A low coefficient of thermal conductivity corresponds to a thinner layer of insulation, which is necessary to create comfortable living conditions.
Thermal conductivity is sufficient an important factor for several reasons. Warm air from the room, according to the laws of physics, rises, where it certainly connects with the roof. AT winter time roofing material is covered with a snow cap, which, at a certain temperature and in the presence of internal air pockets, is a kind of external insulation. If a large amount of heat passes through the roof, then the snow on the roof begins to melt. But as a result of low air temperature in winter, the melted layer forms an ice crust, which does not have the thermal insulation properties of snow. In addition, the ice mass exerts a significant load on the roof and can cause the destruction of the roofing material. Properly selected insulation is able to retain heat in the attic, thereby preventing snow from melting, while maintaining its natural properties.
If we consider the function of thermal insulation in summer period, then the situation is as follows. The scorching summer sun heats the roofing material, and the heat from the roof passes into the attic room. Improper insulation of the attic roof causes unbearable heat, which even air conditioners do not cope well with. The right mansard pie will keep the room cool, creating the conditions for a comfortable stay.
Roofing cake features
Having understood the purpose of thermal insulation, one should also study the influence of the roof structure on the quality of insulation. To do this, you need to find out how the mansard-type roof differs from the usual design.
The main difference is the size of the ventilation space between the roof and the living space. An ordinary roof is characterized by the presence of an attic and dormer windows, and for mansard roof the presence of a ventilation space of no more than 15 cm is characteristic. Therefore, competent ventilation is quite an important task, as is the thermal conductivity of materials.
The reason for this is the following:
- The free movement of air in the under-roof space contributes to the removal of moisture in this part of the roof. This allows you to save and extend the life of the entire roof structure.
- In winter, competent ventilation does not allow heating of the roof, so the snow cap does not melt and does not form an ice crust.
- In the summer heat, freely circulating air removes excess heat from under the roof, thereby preventing overheating of structural elements and maintaining comfort in the attic.
Rules for the selection of thermal insulation materials
To insulate well attic floor, it is necessary to approach the choice of insulation very responsibly, since the composition of the roofing pie and the thickness of the attic roof insulation largely depend on its characteristics. The modern market offers thermal insulation in a fairly large assortment. The following materials are especially popular in this variety:
- Glass wool.
- Minvata.
- Styrofoam and expanded polystyrene.
- Foamed glass.
- Polyurethane foam.
No less popular can be called natural heaters, among which are the following:
- Straw.
- Paper.
- The shavings remaining after wood processing.
When choosing a thermal insulation material, you should be guided by the following parameters:
- The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient. The best option is considered to be a heater, the coefficient of which is not more than 0.05 W / m * K.
- Moisture resistant. With an increase in this parameter, the quality characteristics also increase.
- Fire resistance.
- Compliance with environmental requirements.
The first two parameters are the main reasons why the choice may lean towards a particular material. But resistance to burning and environmental safety do not have a special effect on the number of layers and the thickness of the roofing cake.
When giving preference to mineral wool or glass wool, it should be remembered that during operation, some of the quality characteristics of these materials become much worse. Firstly, the material tends to cake or simply crumble. This is due to the poor resistance of wool to mechanical stress, as a result of which the structure of the insulation is destroyed. Secondly, the level of moisture in the insulation of this type significantly exceeds the permissible norms, and cotton wool, as you know, has excellent hygroscopicity. It should also be remembered that thermal insulation with cotton wool requires the creation of a thicker cake, consisting of several layers of insulation. Only in this case is it possible to achieve the desired result. In addition, a roofing cake based on mineral wool or glass wool must contain several layers of vapor barrier and waterproofing. However, one should not forget about the low cost of such heat-insulating materials and their availability. To some extent, this is a very serious argument.
The use of foam for insulating a mansard roof can be called the most profitable option, due to the good thermal insulation properties of the material and its resistance to moisture. Most often, roof insulation with foam plastic can be done independently. However, it is not always possible to use such material. It is best to use extruded polystyrene foam for this purpose. It is also not afraid of water, less combustible and has an optimal coefficient of thermal conductivity. The disadvantage of expanded polystyrene is its synthetic origin and rather high cost.
Homeowners who prefer environmentally friendly materials can use foam glass, straw, and granulated paper to insulate a mansard roof. They have excellent thermal conductivity coefficients and full compliance with environmental standards. But, like other heaters, natural materials have their negative sides. Firstly, many of them are highly flammable, and secondly, almost all of them require special knowledge and equipment to work.
Features of attic insulation
Thermal insulation of a mansard roof is carried out in three stages:
- Space preparation.
- Insulation lining.
- Direct fixation of materials.
The problem must be solved in the following way:
- When erecting a rafter frame, the step between the rafters is determined. This distance should not reduce the strength of the roof structure, but at the same time, the selected insulation should fit tightly between the rafter legs.
- The use of a heat-insulating material that does not absorb moisture allows you to skip the stage of laying the vapor barrier. However, mineral wool cannot be installed without this layer.
- The stuffed counter-lattice contributes to the creation of a ventilation gap between the crate and the insulation.
- The insulation fits snugly between the rafter legs and is firmly fixed in place. It should be borne in mind that metal rafters can become a kind of cold bridges. This requires the installation of an additional continuous layer of thermal insulation.
The mansard type roof is becoming more and more popular, but if it is not properly insulated, the homeowner may not get the desired result. Only after understanding the purpose of thermal insulation, and making proper pie mansard roof, you can feel all the charm of living in the attic floor.
Sooner or later, everyone who has already begun to build their house or is just thinking about building, has to deal with such unfamiliar words as “insulation circuit”, “rafters”, “vapor and hydrobarrier”. In search of answers, the concept comes that the roof is not only the visible part, which has an unusual shape and a beautiful coating. This, it turns out, is a multilayer structure with many main and auxiliary elements. And because of how well they work, the longevity of the roof and the house as a whole depends.
What is a roofing pie
It would seem that such a strange combination is a confectionery and a building term. But it is it that fully reveals the structure of the roof, its meaning and tasks - to protect the house from negative natural influences and provide a good microclimate in residential premises. And this is achieved thanks to numerous layers of insulating materials and additional components.
A roofing cake, where each element is in its intended place and performs the functions assigned to it, is the main filling of the roof. And the functionality of the roof depends on the correctness of its installation, namely the order of location and technology for attaching the layers.
A standard roofing cake consists of several layers arranged in a strictly defined order.
Video: roofing pie of a pitched roof, the role of insulating layers and ventilation
The composition of the roofing cake
The roof structure is equipped in two versions - under a cold attic space and under an insulated roof.
Cold roof device
A roof is considered cold, the space under which remains uninsulated and most often unused. There are times when it is deliberately left cold, such as to store canned fruits, vegetables, and foods.
For a sloping cold roof, the roofing pie is divided into two parts located in different zones.
The layers of the roofing cake of the cold roof are separated and equipped in different zones - on the slopes and ceilings
On the slopes, the layers of the roofing cake (from inside to outside) are as follows:
- waterproofing laid along the rafters;
- countertrays and crate;
- roofing.
On floor slabs (from interior to attic):
- ceiling lining;
- vapor barrier;
- insulation.
For flat attic roofs, the principle remains the same, except for the upper attic floor, which is usually not waterproofed. Soft roof decking, most commonly used on flat roofs, itself is a 100% sealant. Yes, and lay it on a solid concrete base or profiled sheets, on which an expanded clay layer is laid along the slope and a leveling cement-sand screed. This is quite enough to prevent any roof leaks.
The only exceptions are structures in which the attic roof is supported by a system wooden beams. In this case, a waterproofing material is additionally laid on top of the wooden elements.
The waterproofing layer on flat attic roofs is laid only in structures with a wooden base
Cold roofs are considered the most correct, since they provide free air circulation, which, if necessary, is supplemented with roof aerators. Such a roof can last up to 100 years, keeping the truss system intact and usable.
Insulated roof
For an insulated roof with an exploited attic room, the roofing pie is characterized by the fact that all its components are combined into an integral structure with a strictly determined alternation of layers and ventilation gaps.
When viewed from inside the room, the arrangement of the layers of the roofing cake is as follows:
When arranging an insulated roof, special attention should be paid to the tightness of the joints of all roofing layers in hard-to-reach and therefore especially problematic places - walls, ventilation risers and chimneys, roof window flashings and valleys. Violation of tightness is fraught with the occurrence of cold bridges and heat loss through the roof.
Let's take a closer look at the layers of the roofing pie warm roof and their purpose.
Interior finishing of the under-roof space
The roof space in the form of an attic or attic is an interesting design. Even being luxuriously finished, it does not look solid. Often, sloping walls and ceilings give this room an aura of romance, airiness and lightness.
When choosing a finishing material, it must be taken into account that the truss system under the influence of wind and snow loads, seasonal temperature changes will still have signs of deformation. They will be very small and invisible, but they will have to be reckoned with in order not to get cracking of the joints on the cladding over time.
The main task of the finishing layer of the roofing cake is to ennoble the under-roof space and protect the next layer - vapor barrier - from moisture from the premises of the house. For cladding, they mainly use:
- blockhouse or lining;
- drywall (GKL);
- MDF or OSB boards.
Drywall is perhaps the most popular material for interior decoration especially on complex broken roofs. It is easy to cut, thanks to which you can sew up elements of the most intricate shapes. In addition, drywall creates a perfectly smooth surface, which is subsequently easy to paint or apply a beautiful decorative plaster. In addition, it can be used to make any decorative elements and make the interior of the room incredibly attractive.
Plasterboard cladding elements can decorate the attic room and even divide it into zones
Attics and attics, sheathed with OSB or MDF boards, look no less beautiful. This material is as smooth as drywall, but much stronger.
Facing the under-roof space with moisture-resistant MDF boards using the play of light allows you to make unusual bright accents on individual elements of the interior
The big advantage of drywall and slabs is that hidden wiring can be mounted under them, but with the use of fire-retardant corrugations. But when sheathing with wood, the wiring will have to be made open and then decorated. But, despite this, many still prefer wooden running materials - lining and blockhouse with imitation of rounded logs or timber, as environmentally friendly materials that do not go out of fashion.
Attic sheathed in dark clapboard classical style in combination with light walls looks strict and elegant
The main enemy of any insulation is steam. Rising from heated rooms, it meets cold air in the under-roof space, as a result of which it condenses and settles in the layers of the roofing cake. To prevent this, a vapor barrier layer is laid between the heat insulator and the inner lining. But in addition to protecting the insulation, the vapor barrier also retains heat in the under-roof space, which is especially important in the off-season.
As a standard option, a two-layer polyethylene film with a reinforcing mesh of polyethylene strips between the layers can be used as a vapor barrier.
The vapor barrier layer in the roofing cake is located between the inner lining and insulation
When choosing a vapor barrier material, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- Tensile strength of a film or membrane. Insulation puts pressure on the vapor barrier material, as a result of which a thin film can tear, and then the condensate will do its dirty work.
- Permeability index. If this coefficient varies from 0 to 90 g / m² per day, then this is a vapor barrier material. A coefficient over 100 indicates a vapor-permeable waterproofing agent, which is not suitable for installing a vapor barrier layer.
There is no universal "vapor waterproofing". Vapor barrier films or membranes and vapor-permeable waterproofing are different concepts, and their incorrect use will result in bad consequences for the whole house.
Thermal insulation material for roofing pie
Just as a person needs clothes, so the house needs protection from heat and cold. Therefore, thermal insulation is the simplest and most effective method energy saving. Good thermal insulation materials can reduce heat loss by up to 70%. In addition, they provide:
- indoor comfort;
- effective noise and sound absorption;
- savings on heating and air conditioning costs at home;
- increase in the service life of the main structures;
- reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the environment.
In private housing construction, mineral wool insulation is widely used - inexpensive, perfectly retaining heat and cool, chemically and biologically resistant. In addition, they have a fire resistance rating of over 1000°C.
When insulating the attic, mineral wool is laid in the gaps between the rafters
Recently, new insulating materials have appeared on the construction market.
- URSA staple fiberglass is a wide-profile insulation that is easily installed in hard-to-reach places.
- Extruded polystyrene foam, characterized by high rates of heat and sound insulation, ease of use and long service life - up to 100 years.
- Sprayed heaters, which are applied using special equipment and form an even layer on the surface with any geometry.
- Styrofoam is the most budgetary option for insulation.
Styrofoam is widely used to insulate roofs and walls of a house because it is easy to install and inexpensive.
What insulation to choose, the owner decides. All of them deserve attention. However, to obtain the maximum effect, it is necessary not only to correctly select the insulation according to the roof structure, but also to follow the installation technology offered by manufacturers of insulating coatings.
Roof waterproofing
The next layer of the roofing pie is waterproofing, located above the insulation with an air gap to ventilate the latter. A waterproofing device is a necessary measure to protect the entire roof structure from precipitation. Lay waterproofing material throughout the roof, starting from the end of the rafter legs to the very ridge with the organization of the air outlet so that moisture does not remain in the insulation.
For roof waterproofing, a reinforced film is often used, which is laid along the rafters with a slight sag.
The waterproofing film is laid with a sagging between the rafters of no more than 20 mm. Membrane materials are mounted directly on the insulation without sagging, which significantly reduces the wind load.
Waterproofing materials must have:
- mechanical strength;
- good moisture resistance;
- elasticity and heat resistance.
In addition, it is not necessary, but it is desirable that they have heat-saving qualities. Protection from cold and moisture in one insulating material - a great solution for the home.
Ventilation gaps in the roofing pie
When arranging the roof, you need to remember - it must breathe well, regardless of its design. Otherwise, the roof will “cry” and no insulating layers will help. A warm roof is usually arranged above attic rooms, which do not allow providing the necessary space for free air circulation.
There are all conditions for natural ventilation of a cold roof in the attic, and when arranging warm attic ventilation gaps must be provided
Therefore, when erecting an insulated roof, it is necessary to provide for the installation of three ventilation gaps in order to ensure full natural ventilation roof space:
- Eaves channel along the entire length of the overhangs for the flow of cold air under the roof.
- The space between the counter-lattice and the lathing for the movement of air along the roof.
- Skate products, for which warm air will come out.
To enhance traction, natural air circulation is supplemented with ventilation roofing extensions - aerators, valves or turbines.
Roof aerators supplement insufficient natural ventilation of the under-roof space
Roof anti-icing system
The eternal struggle with ice and snow these days is solved quite simply. For this created modern systems anti-icing of the roof, which replaced the mechanical removal of snow with a shovel and scrap and chemical treatment. Unlike the last two methods of snow removal, in which there is a high probability of damage roofing, anti-icing systems are completely safe and highly effective. However, they have their drawbacks:
- additional power consumption;
- high cost;
- the need to attract professionals who will competently carry out calculations, installation, testing and debugging of the entire system.
Video: heating the roof, gutters and gutters with an electric cable
roofing material
Every developer wants to see their home bright, individual, eye-catching and flawless in everything. And if the facades are still revetted in a moderately restrained way, then the roof more than compensates for this. Fortunately, modern roofing materials are an expanse of fantasy that can give any home style and character.
A huge variety of textures and colors reigns in the world of roofing today. If you want a roof that matches the tone of young greenery or you like a bright orange color - no problem. Red, lilac, red, yellow, blue - whatever your heart desires.
Intense blue roofing shingles Looks great against a light background
But, when choosing a roofing, it is worth remembering that the key requirements still remain:
- fire resistance of the covering material;
- wear resistance, strength and durability;
- ease of installation and availability.
And only after that comes the turn of aesthetic criteria.
Video: an overview of popular roofing, their pros and cons
Varieties of roofing cake
It should be noted that the structure of the roofing pie may vary. Depending on the roofing and the type of roof, some layers are missing or partially laid, while others appear additionally, which is dictated by the characteristics of a particular structure.
Types of roofing cake depending on the roofing
Consider the composition of the roofing cake for the most popular covering materials.
Decking is the most unpretentious material, so it will not be difficult to equip a roof under it on your own. Particular attention should be paid to two layers - thermal insulation and sound insulation.
The insulation is laid strictly in the inter-rafter space. To improve the performance of the heat insulator, it is covered with a windproof film that does not allow steam to pass through, and a crate is stuffed, on which profiled sheets are already mounted. The step for the crate is chosen according to the size of the sheet and the slope of the roof, taking into account the overlap in one or two corrugations. Features of a metal roof require:
- Mandatory arrangement of ventilation gaps between the insulation layer and the roofing. The size of the ventilation ducts is not fixed, but not less than the beam thickness of the crate (3 cm).
- When assembling the crate, it is desirable to install additional stiffeners, which will significantly prolong the operation of the roof.
The installation of insulating strips of felt or polyethylene foam along the rafters will help to solve the problem of sound insulation.
The standard composition of the roofing cake for corrugated board:
Roofing cake for flexible tiles
Soft tile has a great advantage - it is an absolutely waterproof material. Therefore, there is no waterproofing among the layers of the roofing cake, but additional layers appear - a solid base made of moisture-resistant chip materials and a lining carpet.
A pie is arranged under the tiles by alternating the following layers:
The original roofing materials of the Ondulin company do not require a roofing pie as such. They do not care if there is an insulating layer and vapor or waterproofing films, or not. They themselves reliably protect the roof from the weather, if the rafter system, the crate and, if necessary, the counter-lattice are correctly installed. In addition, branded materials retain heat well. This is what we talked about in the "Waterproofing" section: two significant functions in one material - the ideal solution to the issue of waterproofing and thermal protection.
Of course, in our frosty winters in houses permanent residence the roof needs to be insulated. Nevertheless, under ondulin, no special requirements are imposed on the insulation. Except for one thing - its thickness must comply with SNiP standards. For example, for Moscow and the region, this is at least 25 cm of mineral wool material.
The sequence of layers from the roofing to the inside of the room:
Roofing pie under the metal tile
The seam roof with a matt finish in gray harmonizes beautifully with the wooden architecture of the house in the same color scheme.
Roofing cake under the seam roof:
Video: seam roof installation
The pitch of the rafters for a sloping roof is determined by the roof structure and covering material, the recommended value is from 600 mm
The vapor barrier film is laid along the rafters and fixed with a stapler
The insulation layer should be located below the edge of the rafters to ensure free air circulation.
The hydromembrane, unlike films, is laid freely, but without sagging between the rafters
Laying the finish coating completes the work on the device of the external part of the roof
Video: rules for installing a roofing pie
Metal tile - roofing material from sheets of steel, copper or other metal.
The material has a wave-like structure of various configurations.
Such material is covered with a protective coating.
In order to cover the roof with metal tiles, it is necessary to provide proper roof space.
When arranging a roof, an important indicator of its functional purpose is roofing cake.
It's called roofing cake. set of layers, of which the roof is laid. Depending on the purpose of the room(warehouse, industrial, residential) number of layers and how they are laid may change.
How is a metal tile made? The roof pie under the metal tile is laid in the following order:
- (roof frame, usually made from wooden beams, serves as the basis for imposing layers of roofing cake);
- (prevents moisture ingress to roofing cake);
- (provides heat preservation in room);
- (serves to ensure the dryness of the room, prevents moisture from entering the room(waterproofing films, membranes));
- counter-lattice;
- crate ( wooden frame , which is superimposed and transfers the roofing load to the rafters. The crate has a step smaller than that of the rafters, and the bars are superimposed perpendicular to the rafter boards);
- (external roofing, which provides protection of the roof from atmospheric influences, wind, ingress of dust, moisture into the room: metal tiles, ondulin, corrugated board).
In addition, they are equipped between the layers of the roofing cake.
Each layer individually has its own styling features.
Lathing step for metal tile and counter lathing
Sheathing is a solid or lattice roof decking that provides basis for laying roofing layers.
How to calculate the step?
To calculate the amount of consumable material per crate, you need to know the step 
crates and. The step size is affected by the wavelength of the coating. The step of the crate is the distance from between the boards of the structure.
Laying with a lattice, determine the step, guided by the dimensions of the roofing.
It should be borne in mind that the distance from the edge of the roof (the first board) to the second board should be less than the pitch along the entire perimeter of the roof. Sometimes two boards are attached in a row from below in increments of 1-2 cm, and then lay out the boards with the calculation of the pitch for this type of tile.
In this case, the metal roofing pie consists of the following layers:
- rafter system;
- thermal insulation;
- crate;
- counterlattice;
An important indicator of durability, warmth, quality of roofing under metal tiles is correct layering, providing air gaps in the roof and the choice of material used.
You should not save on materials, since it is their quality that is one of the conditions for ensuring high-quality roofing and warmth and dryness in the room as a whole.