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Patterns of Dymkovo toys for children. Dymkovo painting: distinctive features and manufacturing technology of Dymkovo toys on the example of a step-by-step master class with detailed video stories. Types of Dymkovo toys

Russia is famous for its artistic crafts, which have a centuries-old tradition. One of the oldest is the Dymkovo toy; a story for children about this amazing craft will be appropriate already in kindergarten. So, how did the Dymkovo toy appear?

The history of the Dymkovo toy

Let's preface the story about the Dymkovo toy with two significant facts:

  1. it has been made by craftsmen for over 400 years;
  2. these folk toys are known and loved not only in our country, but also abroad.

Dymkovo toy (pictures)

The pictures below will fully help to present the diversity and beauty of the Dymkovo toy.




The name of the craft was given by Dymkovskaya Sloboda, where these clay toys began to be made. For a long time this settlement has been part of the city of Kirov, which used to be called Khlynov and Vyatka.

The origin of the craft is associated with a sad historical legend. At night, the allied troops converged near the city and began to fight, mistaking each other for enemies because of the darkness. Many warriors were left lying on the battlefield. Since then, in the spring, they began to commemorate those who died in this battle - the Khlynovsky battle of 1418.

Time passed, and this tragic story was erased from the people's memory. So the day of remembrance turned into a spring holiday whistle (whistle dance). For mass festivities, Dymkovo residents made toys-whistles: ducks, goats, lambs and clay painted balls.

The great demand for clay crafts, as well as the presence of large reserves of this natural material, made Dymkovskaya Sloboda the birthplace of a well-known folk craft. Of course, the appearance of the first crafts was far from canonical, but over time, the familiar appearance and ornamentation of the Dymkovo toy were formed.

The appearance of the first clay handicrafts in Dymkovo dates back to the 15th-16th centuries. By this time the toy is losing its sacred meaning, which determined the simplicity of its form: the pagan worldview of the Slavs and pre-Christian rites are a thing of the past. The shape of the toys begins to change, they become beautiful and colorful.

The traditions and techniques of making the first masters have survived to this day. The Dymkovo toy known to us today reflected the elements of Russian life of the 19th century, and later images of brave gentlemen and ladies of fashion appeared.

After the great upheavals of the early twentieth century, the fishery practically disappeared. Its revival occurred thanks to the hereditary craftswoman Anna Afanasievna Mezrina, who carefully preserved the traditions of creating toys. In the early 30s, the craftswoman, together with the artist and the first researcher of this folk craft, Alexei Ivanovich Denshin, gathered around her enthusiasts who wanted to recreate the unique Dymkovo toy.

The craftswomen of that time not only kept the old traditions, but also brought novelty to the appearance of clay handicrafts, and also came up with new plots. So the craftswoman E.A. Koshkina has achieved great success in creating group compositions. Her work "Sale of Dymkovo toys" was presented at the international exhibition in Paris in 1937 and gained great fame. The craftswoman O.I. Konovalova (daughter of A.A. Mezrina) liked to create images of animals, and the craftswoman E.I. Penkina preferred to embody everyday scenes in her compositions.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the production of figurines practically ceased: the Kirov region was in the rear, and its inhabitants began to work for the front. However, the evacuees really liked the bright toys, and the craftswomen again took up their creation.

System of images and plots

If we compare the surviving images of the first Dymkovo toys with modern examples of this folk art, we cannot fail to notice that over hundreds of years their creators have stepped far ahead. The toy got rid of the simplicity of form and ornamentation and became more decorative, the number of plots also increased significantly.

Although the masters claim that there are no two absolutely identical figures, five main typical groups can be distinguished:

  • Women's images(young ladies and ladies, nannies-nurses with a child in their arms, water-carriers). The ladies have corsets and crinolines, umbrellas in their hands, fashionable hats and outfits; nurses in kokoshniks, wide skirts, aprons with frills. Static figures, full of majesty and dignity.
  • Cavaliers, are often depicted astride in profile. Compared with female images smaller and easier looking.
  • Animals. Initially, toys were created depicting totem animals: a ram, a goat, a deer, a bear, and images of various domestic animals were gradually added. hallmark of this type: upturned head and short legs, widely spaced. Often the figurines are “dressed up” in bright colorful costumes of musicians with instruments in their hands.
  • Birds(roosters, turkeys, ducks). Ducks have fluffy capes, roosters and turkeys have bright curly tails.
  • Compositions. They can include both humans and animals. They present a variety of scenes from Russian urban and rural life: tea drinking, folk festivals, sleigh rides and many others.

A distinctive feature of Dymkovo toys is that they expand downwards. Ladies have fluffy bell-shaped skirts, gentlemen have horses, and animals have stable legs. If the figurines had thin long limbs, they would not have been able to withstand the weight of the body of the toy.

Making a Dymkovo toy

The figurines are made by hand from red clay mixed with sifted sand. The process of creating a toy consists of several stages.

Modeling a Dymkovo toy

The clay toy is molded piece by piece. First, the torso of the figurine is made from clay dough, then other small details are stuck to it with the help of liquid clay. Joints at the points of fastening parts are smoothed with a damp cloth. The toy is leveled with wet fingers.

If you need to make, for example, a lady, then her cone-shaped skirt is first fashioned, to which the torso with an outstretched neck is then stuck. From a ball attached to the neck, a head is obtained. Below, hands are formed from a clay sausage. Then comes the time for details: the lady has a hairstyle made of curls, she is wearing a fashionable hat or kokoshnik, a painted shawl is on her shoulders, and a small handbag or a baby is in her hands.

The animal is made a little differently. For example, a Dymkovo horse toy is made as follows: short legs are attached to a cylindrical body, and a head with an elongated muzzle is attached to a curved neck. Small details of the figurine - small ears, tail and mane.

Drying

Before firing, the toy must be dried. The drying time depends on the size of the figurine and the conditions in the workshop - air temperature, humidity and others. This process can take 2-3 days or 2-3 weeks.

Burning

In ancient times, toys were fired in a Russian oven, placing them on an iron pan right above the firewood. When the figurines glowed red hot, they were left to cool in the oven. Today, firing is carried out using a special electrical equipment, which is safer and less labor intensive.

Whitewash

During the firing process, the clay toy acquires a red-brown color. Before applying ornaments, the figure needs to be whitewashed.

For whitewashing, a solution is used, consisting of crushed chalk diluted in milk. When the milk turns sour, the solution becomes solid, covering the entire surface of the figurine with an even layer.

Despite attempts to improve the composition and method of its application, the old tradition of whitewashing is still preserved. Experiments with the composition were unsuccessful: it was not possible to achieve the ideal white color, and the new solutions themselves dried out unevenly. True, in some cases it is possible to deviate from tradition. For example, when children paint clay toys with their own hands, you can whitewash them with ordinary gouache.

Dymkovo toy colors

When the whitewash has dried, you can start painting. Patterns are applied to the toy with bright colors.

The color range is quite limited, the following colors are used:

  • blue,
  • crimson,
  • green,
  • yellow,
  • orange
  • brown.

If you dilute the primary colors with chalk, you can get additional shades. For example, diluted blue turns into cyan.

The old masters did not paint with brushes, but with a wooden stick wrapped in linen shreds. Such a tool allowed them to make only the simplest elements of the ornament: lines, rhombuses, circles, zigzags. Today, when painting, brushes from the hair of a ferret or column are used.

To add shine to the figure, a raw egg is added to the paint. The final touch is the decoration of toys with small figures carved from leaves of gold leaf.

There is a certain tradition of painting:

  1. On the face of a little man, eyebrows and round eyes are indicated with black paint.
  2. Raspberry paint is used to draw the mouth and cheeks.
  3. For hair coloring, black or brown is chosen.
  4. On the skirts of female figurines and animal skins, the ornament is applied on a white coating; shirts, headdresses are monophonic.

Dymkovo painting

The ornament consists of various geometric shapes:

  • stripes,
  • rhombuses and zigzags,
  • circles and stripes.

The pattern is not invented in advance, it appears already during the painting and depends on the size and image of the toy. Therefore, the craftswomen say that the form and decor are closely related, and there are no two absolutely identical toys.

The figures drawn on the toys seem simple and uncomplicated, but the ornament of Dymkovo toys is symbolic.

The wavy line resembles a river, a water surface, a circle with a dot - the sun, cells from intersecting lines - a log house. All these concepts occupy an important place in the picture of the world of a Russian person.

Dymkovo painting in kindergarten and school

The study of the Dymkovo toy is included in the curriculum in children's creative studios and art schools. They also pay attention to it in the visual arts classes in kindergarten and secondary school.

This folk craft is part of the history of our country, and bright figures decorated with symbolic ornaments can tell a lot about the life and worldview of our ancestors.

The painting of the Dymkovo toy in a simplified form is available to young children who are interested in drawing small rhombuses, circles, stripes on animal figures. Older children can even try to fashion a toy according to the Dymkovo canons themselves.

Dymkovo toy in the XXI century

No matter how technology develops, the famous Dymkovo craft is still handmade. Craftsmen create toys, carefully preserving ancient traditions. Therefore, each figurine is unique. Dymkovo toys have been made for centuries and remain popular, being not only souvenirs, but also keepers of people's memory, a symbol of Russian folk culture.

Currently, both enthusiasts and various organizations take care of the safety of the famous folk craft. In 2010, in the center of the city of Kirov, with the support of Megafon, a monument dedicated to the Dymkovo toy was erected. It represents a family consisting of a mother with a baby in her arms, a peasant playing the harmonica, a boy with a whistle, as well as a cat and a dog. All figures are made in the classic Dymkovo style.

The Dymkovo toy was among the treasures of Russian art presented at the opening of the Winter Olympics in Sochi in 2014.

Child and folk toys

Folk toys not only of Dymkovo, but also of other crafts contain great opportunities for the development of the child and his aesthetic and moral education. Made by human hands, the figurines are unique and retain a particle of the master's soul. But often the problem is that, surrounded by bright modern mass-produced toys, children simply do not know what to do with folk toys. Parents can help their child learn to “communicate” with a Dymkovo or Filimonovo toy.

  • Real folk toys made of clay and wood can be offered to a child at a very early age. Toddlers 1.5-2 years old will be interested in whistling, rattling bright figures, older children will join in story game with them.
  • In an accessible form, a child can be introduced to the history of the origin of the craft, to tell how toys are made. Today there are many colorful publications dedicated to folk art that can illustrate the story.
  • Come up with a variety of figurine games with your child. Folk toys contain many images, plots, themes from the life of people and animals. With their help, you can embody stories from Russians on your home mini-stage. folk tales Or make up your own stories.
  • Today, many sets for children's creativity are produced, among them there are also dedicated to folk patterns and toys. The child will be happy to color the Dymkovo lamb or try to fashion a cockerel. And, who knows, maybe a do-it-yourself Dymkovo toy fashioned by a child today will turn into a favorite hobby or even a profession.

Dymkovo toy (coloring)








We hope that our story about the Dymkovo toy inspired you not only to convey information about this amazing folk art to your children or pupils, but also to try to recreate the process of making clay crafts at home or in an educational institution.

Dymkovo toy. (Presentation/video/film/Kirov)

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Slides captions:

Teaching children how to draw patterns based on the Dymkovo painting. Educational and methodological manual for educators Compiled by the educator of GBDOU No. 95 of St. Petersburg Kartunova Angelina Viktorovna

The world of Dymkovo toys is a world of elegant, fabulous and expressive figurines of animals, people, birds.

Goals and objectives: 1. To introduce children to one of the types of folk arts and crafts - Dymkovo clay toys. 2. Learn to highlight the elements of painting, its color, motifs and pattern composition on products. 3. Learn to make patterns based on the Dymkovo painting on silhouettes. 4.Create the necessary conditions for subsequent independent use by children of knowledge about the features of Dymkovo painting in decorative drawing. 5. Instill love and respect for the work of craftsmen. 6. To develop aesthetic taste in children, creative fantasy and imagination.

Dymkovo toy The Dymkovo clay toy is named after the village of Dymkovo, where it first appeared. From local clay they sculpted funny toys - whistles - young ladies, nannies, turkeys, goats, 3 and 2-headed horses. The craftswoman will fashion a toy, and then decorate it with frills. Then the product is dried in the air, and then roasted in ovens, whitewashed (in a mixture of milk and chalk). Painting only on bleached. The colors are bright and shiny. The Dymkovo toy is characterized by a simple geometric ornament consisting of bright spots, circles, zigzags and stripes. Often used in contrast colors - red, crimson, yellow, blue, green. The toys of folk craftsmen were the most bright decoration fairs with a mischievous and cheerful name "Whistle". At this holiday, everyone had Dymkovo whistle toys - both children and adults. People believed that with a whistle they could drive away evil forces. Until now, these images of folk sculpture delight both children and adults with their bright colorful ornaments.

Approximate examples of painting the silhouettes of Dymkovo toys LAMB

Young lady with an umbrella

The sequence of drawing (on the example of painting the silhouette of the toy "TURKEY") 1

Additional material for work on the topic: All toys are not simple, But magically painted: Snow-white, like birches, Circles, cells, stripes. Seemingly simple pattern, But unable to look away. We are noble toys, Folding and well-ordered. We are famous everywhere, You will like us too!

Cheerful red clay, Circles, stripes on it, Goats and lambs are funny, A herd of colorful horses. Nurses and water-carriers, And horsemen, and children, Dogs, hussars and fish, Well, name me?

Look how pretty this Soul Maiden is. Scarlet cheeks burn, Amazing outfit: The kokoshnik sits proudly, The young lady is so beautiful. Like a swan swims, it sings a quiet song. Umbrella with a fungus, Hands with a pretzel, A beautiful girl Walks along the street on foot.

Here is a smart turkey, He is all so foldable. The big turkey has all painted sides. Look, his lush tail is not at all simple: Like a sunny flower, And a high comb, A red mountain of grief, Like a king's crown. The lamb is a whistle, the left horn is a curl, the right horn is a curl, on the chest is a flower. The sides are steep, the horns are golden, Hooves with a frill, And on the back - Egorka.

Through the mountain spurs, Through the roofs of the villages, Red-horned, yellow-horned Clay deer rushes. It stands on slender legs, All beauty is in the horns. Twisted, spun the Wheel at the carousel. Fun, fun We all have fun! Few places on the carousel, Everyone wanted to, but did not sit down!

Friends! Good luck and creative success!


On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Theme of the week: “Visiting the Dymkovo young lady” Decorative drawing “Pattern on the dress” (Dymkovo painting) Theme of the week: “Visiting the Dymkovo young lady” Decorative drawing “Pattern on the dress” (Dymkovo painting)

At the beginning of January, a week called "Visiting the Dymkovo young lady" was held in our planning kindergarten. Didactic games were made for this thematic week, notes were developed BUT ...

Drawing lesson in the senior group "Decorative drawing based on the Dymkovo painting"

To consolidate the skills of drawing elements of Dymkovo painting (circles, dots, stripes, mesh, ring, wavy arcs)...

Presentation to thesis on the topic: "The formation of visual skills in children of the elder preschool age in decorative drawing based on the Dymkovo painting".

Preview:

IZO Dymkovo painting

Theme: Dymkovo painting. Horse.

Tasks:

Continue acquaintance with the Dymkovo toy

Strengthen the ability to use printing

To consolidate the skills of using a brush: rinse the brush, wring out,

Drain it, pick up paint,

Teach children to carefully paint over the drawings without going beyond the contour line.

To develop in children fine motor skills of hands, memory

Cultivate the ability to listen to the task to the end, follow the advice

teacher, to cultivate independence in work, to develop creative

Activity.

Vocabulary work: Dymkovo toy, painting, printing, brush, gouache,

Carefully,

Develop hand-eye coordination.

Preliminary work: organization of the exhibition "Dymkovo toy";

Examination of illustrations and tables with elements of patterns; applique

"Dymkovo bell toy".

Preparation of material and equipment:

For the teacher: An easel, a table, a chair, Dymkovo toys, a print-ring made of waste material, a brush, a jar of water, gouache, an album sheet with a horse outline.

For children: album sheets with the contour of a horse, brushes, seals - a ring, gouache, jars of water, napkins, coasters for brushes.

GCD progress:

Guys, look who's visiting us today:

I am a lady lady!
I came to visit you.
I'll give you a riddle
And guess it, friends!
Merry white clay,
Circles, stripes on it
Goats and lambs are funny
A herd of colorful horses
Nurses and water carriers,
Both riders and children
Dogs, hussars and fish.
Well, call me.

That's right, this is a Dymkovo toy, well done! Today I invite you to an exhibition of wonderful craftsmen. Look how many beautiful, bright, elegant items are around. These things delight us with their beauty. What are these toys called?

Do you know why it is called the Dymkovo toy?

Yes, because it is made in the village of Dymkovo.

The smoke from the chimneys is a pillar,
It's like a haze all around.
Blue gave.

Guys, do you know the name of each of these toys?

Turkey, rooster, dog, young lady, horse. Well done.

Today I invite you to become masters of the Dymkovo toy and paint the horse.

Let's take a look at these toys.

What patterns do Dymkovo craftsmen paint their toys with?

Circles, rings, stripes, snakes, dots.

What colors do craftsmen use when decorating their toys?

Yes, the color scheme is very diverse: blue, orange, yellow, green, red, blue, a little black.

Dymkovo toys are painted with bright, elegant, festive colors.

I have toys for you that the Dymkovo masters did not have time to paint. Let's help them?

We will paint the Dymkovo horse.

Let's remember. How are we going to paint it? What parts do we paint over completely?

Yes, you need to completely paint over the tail, mane, hooves. What color?

Black.

Where do we place the pattern?

That's right, along the legs, neck, torso.

What patterns will we use to paint the horse?

Circles, dots, lines.

Take your seats.

Let's prepare our fingers for work - we will do finger gymnastics:

The finger is thick and BIG

I went to the plum garden.

POINTING from the threshold

Showed him the way.

MIDDLE finger is the most accurate.

He knocks plums off the branch.

UNNAMED eats.

A MIZINCHIK-Mr.

Plants bones in the ground.

We will make circles with the help of a poke seal. To do this, you need to take the signet by the tip, lower its other end into gouache, remove excess paint from the edge of the jar and press it against the paper to make an imprint. The circles on the pattern are repeated, so you need to do this several times. Here's how I do it. Then put the seal on the tray and take the brush. How do we take a brush?

That's right, with three fingers at the iron tip. I dip the brush into the water and remove the excess drop on the edge of the jar. I dip the brush on a napkin. And I paint a different color on the entire pile. With the tip of the brush, I draw dots on our pattern. Now we need to paint over the mane and tail of our horse. To do this, I will rinse the brush well in water, remove the extra drop, dip it on a napkin and pick up black paint. I paint over the mane and tail with straight lines from top to bottom. I don't go beyond the lines.

Look, children, now our horse has become beautiful and bright. Let's remember where we start to paint the horse. That's right, first we print rings along the legs, neck, torso. Then, with the tip of the brush, draw dots, and then paint over the mane and tail with straight lines from top to bottom.

Now we can get to work.

I give each child individual instructions:

Sasha, hold the brush correctly near the iron tip. Vika, remove a drop of water from the edge of the jar.

Lisa, don't paint over the contour line, paint over carefully.

Children, let's look at the horses that you painted. What bright, colorful patterns on them. You've done well. Now we can arrange an exhibition of Dymkovo toys.

modeling Abstract of the lesson in middle group"Dymkovo toys".

Theme: "Dymkovo toys".

Program content: to learn to sculpt a Dymkovo toy from clay - a duck; to fix modeling techniques: rolling, stretching, pinching, smoothing. To form an idea about the village of Dymkovo; expand knowledge about Dymkovo toys. Fix the score within 5, consolidate knowledge of the colors of the spectrum.

Learn to give complete answers to the questions posed. To expand the knowledge of children about transport.

Material: clay, modeling boards, wet wipes, aprons for each child; basket with Dymkovo toys.

The course of direct educational activities:

Teacher: Hello guys! Today an unusual guest will come to us - a craftswoman from the Dymkovo settlement. Do you know anything about Dymkovo?

Children: Yes, we know. In the village of Dymkovo, they make toys and they are called "Dymkovo Toys".

Educator: Right (knock on the door). And here is our guest.

(The craftswoman from Dymkovo enters)

Master: Hello. I am a craftswoman from Dymkovo. I came to visit you to tell you about my native land.

Softly falling snow

Curling blue smoke

Smoke comes out of the chimneys

It's like a haze all around.

blue gave,

And the big village was called Dymkovo.

They loved songs, dances

Miracles were born in the village - fairy tales.

Evenings are long in winter

And they sculpted it out of clay.

All toys are not simple,

And magically painted.

Snow-white, like birches,

Circles, cells, stripes -

Seemingly simple pattern

But you can't look away.

And glory went about Dymkovo,

Deserving of this right.

They talk about her everywhere.

Amazing miracle.

I did not come to you empty-handed. Brought you toys as a gift.

(Pulls out toys from basket)

But these toys are not simple. Do you know what they are called?

Children: Yes. These toys are called - Dymkovo toys.

Craftswoman: Right. Do you know what material they are made from?

Children: Dymkovo toys are made of clay.

Craftswoman: Look how many toys are here and they are all different. Let's count them.

(Children count toys)

Children: There are five Dymkovo toys here.

Craftswoman: The Dymkovo toy is one of the oldest crafts in Russia, it has existed on the Vyatka land for more than four hundred years. The appearance of the toy was associated with the spring holiday of Whistlers, for which the female population of the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats, ducks. Later, when the holiday lost its significance, the craft not only survived, but also received further development. Masters sculpt toys and paint them with a pattern, which consists of many bright colors. What colors does the pattern of Dymkovo toys consist of?

Children: The pattern of Dymkovo toys consists of red, yellow, green, blue, orange colors.

Craftswoman: Then the toys were taken to the fair, where the craftsmen not only showed what they had made, but also sold them. Let's pretend that you and I are at the fair and play a little.

Fizkultminutka.

We guys are remote

Buffoons are mischievous.

We invite everyone to the fair,

Selling toys to everyone!

One two three four,

The circle is narrower, the circle is wider!

On the toe and on the heel

And then squat down!

Turn left, turn right

Smile more fun!

Craftswoman: I suggest you become folk craftsmen. Now we will go to the workshop, where we will sculpt a Dymkovo toy from clay - a duck.

(Children sit down at tables)

Craftswoman: First, let's take a closer look at the duck. Look at her torso, what shape is it?

Children: The body of a duck is oval.

Craftswoman: Look at her long elongated neck. What is the head compared to the body? Is she more or less?

Children: The head is smaller than the body.

Craftswoman: The duck also has a beak and a tail. You have boards and clay for modeling on the tables. Let's discuss what techniques we will use in modeling.

1 reception - rolling. We roll out an oval between the palms.

2 reception - stretching. We draw out the neck and head of the duck.

3 reception - pinching. We pinch the beak and tail.

4 reception - smoothing. We smooth the surface, remove irregularities.

(Children do the work, the craftswoman helps them).

Craftswoman: Look what wonderful ducks we have turned out. Did you enjoy being masters of Dymkovo toys?

Children: Yes.

Craftswoman: It's time for me to go home. Goodbye, guys.

Teacher: What did you meet today? What have you learned?

Children: We met a craftswoman, learned about the village of Dymkovo and Dymkovo toys. And we ourselves were craftsmen and sculpted Dymkovo toy - a duck from clay.

Educator: You are all great.

Synopsis of an open lesson in the middle group "Dymkovo toys"

Program content:Raise interest in folk life and products of arts and crafts, folklore of Russia, consolidate children's knowledge about the Dymkovo toy. To develop a sense of color, aesthetic feelings, the ability to listen carefully to the teacher and answer questions, the ability to create patterns from a circle, oval and dot. Cause a desire to do something yourself, adopting simple tricks from craftsmen.

Integration of educational areas:"Cognition", "Communication", "Reading fiction", "Artistic creativity", "Health", " Physical Culture”, “Socialization”, “Music”.

Vocabulary: Dymkovo toy: turkey, rooster, dog, goat, deer, young lady; elegant, joyful, cheerful, festive.

Equipment and materials:Dymkovo toys, illustrations depicting Dymkovo toys, goat stencils, gouache, brushes.

Lesson progress:

Close your eyes and imagine

We present ourselves here and now.

What happened yesterday, we forget

We think only about what is now.

Good, beautiful each of you,

You are the best thing in the world.

We open our eyes

Hello children!(children stand in a circle

Educator: Guys, look how many guests we have today, let's say hello to the guests.

Finger gymnastics "Hello"

Hello golden sun!

Hello blue sky!

Hello, free breeze,

Hello little oak tree!

We live in the same region

I welcome you all!

Today we have wonderful toys made by Russian craftsmen. (Demonstrate toys and illustrations of Dymkovo toys)

Russia was famous for its miracle craftsmen,

Wood and clay turned into a fairy tale.

They created beauty with paints and a brush,

Young people were taught their art.

These toys are called Dymkovo toys, they are made of clay and painted with bright colors. Listen to the story of how Dymkovo toys appeared.

People lived in the same village. When it was cold outside and the winter frost held the ground, stoves were lit in the houses, smoke enveloped the roofs, yes, so that nothing could be seen, only smoke. So they called that village Dymkovo. Adults worked in that village from morning until late in the evening: they sowed bread, cooked food, tended domestic animals: cows, sheep. And the children played in the meadow, sang songs. They didn't have toys like you. And adults thought: how to please the kids? They collected clay from the river bank, fashioned various funny figures, burned them in a furnace, covered them with chalk and painted them with paints. So Dymkovo toys appeared: ladies, goats, horses, pigs, deer. Bright, cheerful, perky - they fell in love with the children.

“... Smoke comes from the pipes in a column,

As if in a haze all around,

blue gave,

And the big village "Dymkovo" was called.

They loved songs, dances,

Miracle tales were born there,

And sculpted there from clay

All toys are not simple,

And magically painted,

Snow-white as birches

Circles, cells, stripes -

Seemingly simple pattern

But I can't look away."

Clay goat in apples,

Good looking, very handsome.

And here is a deer on slender legs,

All the beauty of a deer is in the antlers.

And here are the Dymkovo ladies:

They have pretzel hands

Cheeks like apples.

I have known them for a long time

All the people at the fair.

caregiver : Look, children, how beautiful these toys are.

Educator: Guys, do you know the name of each of these toys? (children's answers)

Educator: What color are Dymkovo toys? (Children's answers: Always only white)

Educator: And with what patterns do the Dymkovo masters paint their toys? (Children's answers: straight line, wavy line, dot, circle, ring, cell, lattice)

Educator: What colors do the masters use when decorating their toys? (children's answers)

Educator: How, in one word, can you say about these colors?

(Children's answers: bright, smart, funny, festive).

Educator: What methods are used to make patterns? (Children's answers: By dabbing, with the end of the brush, brush flat on the pile)

Finger gymnastics to the music "Morning" (disc No. 37)

Educator: I really liked what words you called Dymkovo toys. Now I will introduce you to the fairy tale about the goat Golden Horns.

Once upon a time there was a goat Golden Horns. The hair on his sides was all in curls - red, blue, yellow, white. The goat walked through the fields and mountains, through meadows and forests. The goat Golden Horns was not afraid of anyone. A fur coat saved him from the cold, and a smart head from fierce animals. Once the goat was surrounded by gray wolves.Yes, only the goat Golden Horns was not afraid. He looked at the gray wolves and said: "It's time to have dinner, but the wolves are all kind of thin." And the wolf circle is already. Goat Golden Horns and says: "I was mistaken: there are also fat heads." And the wolves are getting closer. The goat Golden Horns shouted to the whole forest: “I chose a fat pair of wolves for dinner!” The golden horns sparkle in the moonlight. The wolves got scared and ran as fast as they could!

Educator: Dymkovo masters like to remember this fairy tale. Toys are molded from clay, burned in the oven, painted with cheerful colors, and the tales themselves are told. That's why they make toys so funny. See what a beauty!

Physical education:"What happened?"

Raise your palms up and fold over your head.

What happened?

The roof came out, and under the roof - we are with you.

Raise your palms higher, and then bend the arc.

Who came out?

The geese came out - here is one, and here is the other.

Raise your palms up and place them in front of you.

What happened?

The bridge came out, the bridge is strong and straight.

caregiver : Well done boys! We go and sit down at the tables. And Queen Tassel has prepared goats for us, only they haven't been painted yet. Let's try to paint the goats. Let's remember how we will paint it. What parts do we paint over completely? (horns, ears, tail, hooves). Where do we place the pattern? (along the neck, torso, legs)

Educator: Now close your eyes, imagine with what pattern you will paint your Dymkovo goat, the color of the pattern, how you position it, where you will start drawing. Now open your eyes and start drawing.

Independent work of children. Helping children with difficulty, individual work.

From the work performed, invite the children to make the exhibition "Merry Dymkovo Fair". When analyzing, note the location of patterns, color, accuracy of work.

Educator: (Holds the Queen's brush in her hands) Here our goats lit up. The soul becomes joyful, festive. Thank you for your work masters.

Abstract of a drawing lesson in senior group on the topic: Painting Dymkovo toys

Program content: To develop in children the ability to freely use the elements of Dymkovo painting to decorate toys; clarify with children the sequence of applying the pattern, methods of working with paint; educate independence, confidence, desire to create.

Material : a table with elements of Dymkovo painting and potter's wheels for all children, gouache paints, brushes of two sizes, rags, coasters, glasses of water, a beautiful hanging cabinet with shelves, a record player.

preliminary work: Painting silhouettes of toys, tiles, beads. Didactic game"Toy Store", "What the toy will tell about itself." Examining tables of painting elements, sketching them, talking with children about the Dymkovo craft.

Lesson progress:

Educator: Children today, our group has turned into an art workshop, and you and I into artists. We will decorate our favorite toys so that they turn out like real Dymkovo toys. But first, let's recall the features of the Dymkovo painting. What attracts you to the Dymkovo toy?

Children: Pattern, simplicity, brightness, festivity.

Educator: What elements does the Dymkovo ornament consist of? Name them.

Children: Out of five. Dot, line, wavy, circle, cell.

Educator: What colors do artists use more often?

Children: Yellow, blue, orange, green, and the background of the toys is white.

Educator: How to use paints correctly?

Children: So that the paints do not spread, you need to pick them up on the tip of the brush, and carefully turn the work on a circle.

Educator: That's right, do not forget that you first need to draw large elements in one color with a thicker brush, then small elements of another color with a thin brush. When applying one color to another, wait for the first paint to dry. Now, think about what pattern you will paint your toys with. You can use tables.

Get to work.

During the activities of the children, the teacher gives the children the opportunity (5-7 minutes) to work independently.

Activity Analysis: Our art studio is closing. That's how many bright, funny toys turned out! Guys, we have a wardrobe in our workshop, its shelves are not simple, but magical. As soon as the toys got on these shelves, they came to life, started talking, began to show off their outfits to each other. Let's hear what they have to say!

The teacher talks about toys:

What a beautiful red blouse I have with long sleeves and a cape, on the skirt there are yellow checks with blue polka dots, and on the apron there is a pattern of dots. My master did a very good job, picked up beautiful colors. (Lady)

And my outfit is even better: here the rings are orange and the peas are green, and the horns and tail are bright red, apparently, the artist who painted me is in a cheerful mood. (ram)

That's how the toys talked. And the handsome turkey also spoke. Tanya, what does the turkey say about himself?

Children speak on behalf of toys.

Educator: This is how the toys showed off bright patterns to each other, admired their outfits, and when the dancing melody rang out, the toys first slowly, then quickly spun in a cheerful round dance.

Children look at the works, listen to a Russian elegant dance melody (“The moon shines”, “From under the oak”, etc.)

Preview:

Didactic game:

make a pattern based on the Dymkovo painting

Target: to form an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bDymkovo painting, the development of sensory perception, the development of fine motor skills.

Game making:silhouettes are cut out of thick white cardboard (a young lady, horses, deer, water-carriers). Elements of Dymkovo painting are cut out of thick colored cardboard (circles, rings, lines, dots, ovals). The child, at will, chooses a flat toy and comes up with a composition of Dymkovo elements.

Dymkovo painting is no less ancient type of Russian folk applied art than other types of painting. The village of Dymkovo is considered the birthplace of this technique, in which they began to produce clay whistles and painted balls for the spring holiday Whistle Dance. Dymkovo painting is a generalized decorative clay sculpture, painted on a white background with numerous geometric ornaments and patterns. The founders of the Dymkovo toy industry were artisans and potters, who during the reign of Tsar Ivan III in the 15th century were resettled in the deserted northern lands near the city of Kirov. And only 400 years later, the whole country learned about these amazing and colorful products, and the demand for them became huge.

Traditionally, whistles had the shapes of various totem animals: a bear, a goat, a deer, a horse, a ram, but gradually they began to take on more and more pretentious forms, and already in the 19th century, among the animals one could meet a lady in an elegant dress, and a merchant's wife, and an officer or other categories of townspeople .

Understanding the creation of Dymkovo painting on various products

A Dymkovo toy can always be distinguished by its unique bright paint - up to ten different colors can be found on a white background. Bright festive color is a distinctive feature of the Dymkovo palette. At the same time, the ornament is always the simplest - circles, zigzags, dots, wavy lines form certain patterns that carry certain information. Like other types of folk crafts, Dymkovo painting is symbolic - a wavy line indicates water, an asterisk in the middle of a circle - the sun and other celestial bodies, crossed stripes - a well.

For the production of Dymkovo toys, local bright red clay is used, thoroughly mixed with brown fine river sand. The figurines are molded in parts, and then the individual elements are fastened together using liquid red clay. Traces of joints are carefully smoothed to achieve a smooth surface.

Then the fashioned toys are thoroughly dried, fired in special ovens at high temperatures, and only after that, they are covered with special tempera white, on top of which further patterns will be applied.

Previously, decorative drawing was done with sticks and pens using tempera paints mixed with an egg with kvass, and a painted toy was covered with a beaten egg, which gave the colors extra shine and brightness. With the development of the chemical industry, bright aniline dyes began to be used for painting, and the need to cover products with an egg mixture disappeared.

Pieces of gold leaf or potal are glued over the paint, which give additional shine and, together with bright colors, the dazzling charm of the Dymkovo toy.

Let's take a closer look at the process of creating a Dymkovo toy using the example of a small master class.

We analyze a simple master class on creating a Dymkovo toy

The process of creating a Dymkovo toy can be divided into two stages - creating a mold and painting the created mold. Based on this, we prepare everything necessary materials and tools.

Red clay and sand are used as materials for making clay sculptures, but these substances are quite difficult to obtain, so as an alternative, you can use polymer clay, which can be purchased at any art store. Also, as a shaping material, you can use ordinary salt dough, the recipes of which can be found on the net, or you can use ordinary plasticine.

Stages of making Dymkovo sculpture.

On the initial stage Before proceeding directly to sculpting, you must select a sample from which you will copy your sculpture. Of course, you can try to improvise, as real masters do, but it will be easier to work with a sample.

After that, we mentally divide the sample into components - paws, tail, wings, head - everything that, in your opinion, should be attached to the base.

After the sample is selected and mentally divided into its constituent parts, we proceed to create the base - in fact, it is a lump of clay of a spherical shape, deformed in accordance with the shape of the body of the toy.

With the help of water and a certain amount of clay, we connect the components into a single whole and create smooth transitions from the torso to the limbs. At the same stage, you can make decorations on toys - balls, rings, crowns and leave the toy alone until it dries completely.

We start coloring the toy - for this we cover it first with white paint in 2 - 3 layers so that the paints that we will apply in the future do not seem too pale. For painting toys, you can use ordinary gouache paints or more expensive, but easy-to-use acrylic paints.

If you are not sure about the firmness of your hand or the correct choice of colors or patterns, then try drawing pictures on paper - and practice, and see how the selected ornament looks from the side.

That, in fact, is all that concerns the manufacture of a Dymkovo toy. It remains only to dry it and, if desired, varnish it - this will securely fix the dye and give the sculpture an extra shine.

As samples for creating a Dymkovo toy, you can use the images shown in the photo.

Video on the topic of the article

This type of folk art is quite simple to perform and anyone can easily handle it even at home. It is especially interesting and useful for children, since modeling and drawing develop children's motor skills and imagination, and the ability to combine different dyes instill artistic taste and a sense of harmony.

In conclusion, we suggest you watch a few video stories about the manufacture and painting of Dymkovo toys that will help you master this amazing type of folk art.

Dymkovo toys are also called Vyatka or Kirov toys. They have a long history, and appeared more than 400 hundred years ago in the settlement of the same name near the Russian city of Vyatka.

Story

A few words from the history of Dymkovo toys...

Initially, Dymkovo toys were dedicated to the Whistling holiday. By this day, folk craftsmen made whistles from red clay, which they burned and painted various patterns on them.

They were made in the form of various animals. Here were:

  • and cockerel
  • and duck
  • and deer
  • and turkey
  • and a horse
  • as well as figurines of a young lady.

However, over time, the purpose of the holiday was forgotten, but fishing resumed in the 20th century and became a real calling card this edge. Dymkovo toys began to be made as Russian souvenirs.

How to make it?

First, red clay is taken, mixed with brown river sand. This type of clay exists just near Vyatka. A figurine is molded from it, for example, a rooster, a turkey or a horse. You have to sculpt the figures in parts. Then, with the help of liquid clay, they are glued together, the figure is corrected by the master. Then the toy is dried and fired in a kiln at high temperature. Then they start coloring it. Patterns are applied with white paint. Previously, paint was made from chalk mixed with milk. Today there are special paints. In addition to white, toys abound in blue, green, yellow flowers which give them a special cheerfulness. From above, the toys were covered with whipped protein, which gave them a bright shine and elegance. Each toy is unique as it is made by hand. Among the many figures collected in museums, you will not find two identical. The largest toy museum is located in Kirov.

Presentation

Probably, you guys also wanted to create such toys for yourself?

Unfortunately, it is impossible to do this at home, even if you know the technique of clay modeling. But you can try to color the silhouettes of Dymkovo toys. On our site you will find photos, pictures and coloring pages for children depicting Dymkovo toys. They can be downloaded and printed. You will be met:

  1. funny cockerel,
  2. important duck,
  3. puffy turkey,
  4. graceful horse
  5. and a lady dressed in elegant clothes.
  6. Also here you will find numerous patterns that decorate the Dymkovo toy.

However, do not rush to take on coloring. First, carefully consider the photos of toys, remember what colors the figures are painted with, since the colors on the figures have their own pattern. Photos will help you draw your own conclusions, and coloring pages for children will help you practice. Probably, the cockerel and the turkey are the most favorite toys of children, sometimes the lady is mentioned by the children. Why? They are the brightest, most elegant. Think about what a rooster looks like, what colors you use to paint it, because in the old days the rooster was a symbol of the beginning of a new day, the sunrise. In his figurine - all the colors of the rainbow. The photos and coloring pages offered on our website will help children get to know this unusual Russian folk craft, show their imagination and ingenuity, and learn to draw. Acquaintance with any ancient craft enriches the child, connects him with his ancestors, with Russian roots. And getting acquainted with toys is doubly interesting. From time immemorial, they reveal their secrets to children, share cheerfulness, create good mood and creative upsurge.

A selection of materials on the topic

click on the picture below to download a collection of pictures depicting Dymkovo toys: And you can also download individual pictures of Dymkovo toys at your discretion: lady Horse Rooster Turkey Duck