Water supply of hotels and requirements for them. Hot water supply system in hotel enterprises. Technology of hot and cold water supply of hotels

18.10.2019

The water supply system includes three components: a water supply source with facilities and devices for water intake, purification and treatment, external water supply networks and internal plumbing located in the building.

Hotels located in cities and towns, as a rule, are supplied with cold water from the city (village) water supply. Hotels located in the countryside, in the mountains, on highways, have a local water supply system.

In urban water supply, water is used from open (rivers, lakes) or closed (groundwater) sources.

Water in the city water supply must comply with the requirements of GOST R 2872-82. Before being supplied to the city water supply network, water from open sources of water supply always undergoes pre-treatment to bring its quality indicators in line with the requirements of the standard. Water from closed water sources usually does not need to be treated. Water treatment is carried out at waterworks. When water is supplied from rivers, stations are placed along the river above settlements.

The waterworks includes the following facilities:

Water intake devices;

First lift pumps;

Settling tanks and treatment facilities;

Water storage tanks;

Second lift pumps.

Second lift pumps maintain the necessary pressure in the main pipelines and the city water pipeline system. In some cases, water towers are connected to the main pipeline system, which contain a supply of water and can create pressure in the water supply system by raising water tanks to a certain height.

From the waterworks through the city water supply network, water enters the consumers.

The internal water supply of a building is a set of equipment, devices and pipelines that supply water from the central external water supply systems or from local water sources to water points in the building. The internal water supply in hotel buildings must be separate to meet the economic, industrial and fire-fighting needs. Household and drinking and industrial water supply systems are combined, since clean drinking water is used for household and industrial needs in hotels.

The internal plumbing of the cold water supply system includes the following elements:

One or more inputs;

Water measuring unit;

Filters for additional water purification;

booster pumps and water tanks;

Pipeline system with control valves (distribution lines, risers, connections);

Water folding devices;

Fire extinguishing devices.

The building may be served by one or more pumps installed in parallel or in series. If the building is served by one pump, then the second pump must be connected to the network and the second pump is a backup. Pumps are selected taking into account their performance and the pressure generated.

For the internal plumbing system, steel (galvanized) or plastic pipes. Pipelines are laid open and closed in building structures. Horizontal sections to ensure the descent of water are laid with a slope towards the input. The plumbing system, depending on the scheme, can be with an upper or lower water distribution.

The diameter of the pipeline is determined according to special tables, depending on the number of water draw-off (water-consuming) points and their sizes.

The diameter of the mains of the economic-industrial-fire-fighting water supply systems is assumed to be at least 50 mm.

Internal water supply systems are equipped with pipeline and water fittings.

Pipe fittings are designed to shut off sections of pipelines for the period of repair, to regulate pressure and flow in the system. Distinguish shut-off, regulating, safety and control pipeline fittings.

Gate valves and valves are used as shut-off and control valves. Gate valves are made of cast iron and steel, and valves, in addition, are made of brass. Shut-off valves are installed on the input, risers and branches.

Safety fittings include safety and check valves, to the control - level indicators, control valves, valves for pressure gauges.

Water fittings include various taps at the points of water tapping: wall-mounted, toilet, taps drain cisterns, watering, urinal, flush, as well as mixer taps for sinks, bathtubs, showers, washbasins, pools, washing machines, etc.

Fire water supply

Water is the most common fire extinguishing agent. Possessing a high heat capacity, it cools combustible substances to a temperature lower than the temperature of their self-ignition, and blocks the access of air to the combustion zone with the help of the resulting vapors. A jet of water directed under high pressure has a mechanical effect on the fire, knocking down the flame and penetrating into the depths of the burning object. Spreading over the burning object, the water wets the parts of the building structures that are not yet covered by fire and protects them from catching fire.

To extinguish the fire, water is supplied from the existing water supply. In some cases, it can be supplied by pumps from natural or artificial reservoirs.

Internal fire water supply is provided by the device in the building of risers with fire hydrants. Fire hydrants are placed on landings, in corridors and in separate rooms of hotels at a height of 1.35 m from the floor in special lockers with the designation "PC". In the fire cabinet, in addition to the crane, there must be a canvas sleeve 10 or 20 m long and a metal fire nozzle (water hose). The sleeve has quick-release nuts at the ends for connection with the stem and valve of the crane. The sleeves are placed on a swivel shelf or wound on a reel. The distance between the fire hydrants depends on the length of the hose and must be such that the entire building area is irrigated with at least one jet. In the building, the use of sleeves of the same length and diameter is allowed.

In hotels located in high-rise buildings, the internal fire water supply system also includes automatic fire extinguishers that localize the source of fire, block the path of a spreading flame and flue gases, and eliminate fire.

Sprinkler systems are used to locally extinguish fires and fires, cool building structures and signal a fire.

The sprinkler system includes a system of pipelines laid under the ceiling and filled with water, and sprinklers, the openings of which are closed with fusible locks. When ready, the sprinkler system is pressurized. When the temperature in the room rises, the sprinkler lock melts and the water jet from the sprinkler, hitting the socket, breaks over the fire. At the same time, water approaches the alarm device, which gives a signal about a fire. The area protected by one sprinkler is about 10 m 2 . Sprinklers are installed in residential rooms, corridors, service and public areas of hotels.

Drencher systems are designed to extinguish fires over the entire settlement area, create water curtains in the openings of fire walls, above fire doors, dividing the corridors of the hotel into sections, and fire alarms. Drencher systems can be with automatic and manual (local and remote) activation. Deluge systems consist of a system of pipelines and sprinklers, but unlike a sprinkler system, water deluge sprinklers do not have locks and are constantly open. A water supply valve with a temperature-sensitive lock is installed in the pipeline supplying water to a group of successively located sprinklers. In case of fire, the lock opens the valve and water flows from all deluge heads to extinguish the fire or create a curtain. Triggers at the same time fire alarm.

The performance of sprinkler and deluge installations depends on their Maintenance, which consists of the implementation of a number of activities provided for by the instructions for their operation.

Hot water system

Hot water in hotels is used for domestic and industrial needs. Therefore, it, as well as cold water used for these purposes, must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872-82. Temperature hot water in order to avoid burns, it should not exceed 70 ° C and be at least 60 ° C, which is necessary for production needs.

Hot water supply in hotels can be local, central or centralized.

With local water supply, water coming from the cold water supply system is heated in gas, electric water heaters, water heaters. In this case, water is heated directly at the places of its consumption. In order to avoid interruptions in hot water supply, hotels usually use a central hot water supply system. With central hot water preparation, the water coming from the cold water supply system is heated by water heaters in an individual heating point hotel building or central heating point, sometimes water is heated directly in the boilers of local and central boiler houses. With district heating, water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.

The scheme of hot water supply networks can be dead-end or with the organization of hot water circulation through the circulation pipeline system. Dead-end schemes provide for a constant drawdown. If the water withdrawal is periodic, then with such a scheme, the water in the pipelines during the period of no withdrawal will cool down, and during the withdrawal, it will flow to water points with a lower temperature. This leads to the need for unproductive discharge of a large amount of water through the draw-off point, if you want to get water with a temperature of 60 - 70 "C.

In the scheme with water circulation, this disadvantage is absent, although it is more expensive. Therefore, such a scheme is used in cases where the water intake is not constant, but it is required to maintain a constant water temperature during the water intake.

Circulation networks are arranged with forced or natural circulation. Forced circulation is carried out by installing pumps, similar to the water heating system of buildings. It is used in buildings with more than two floors, and with a significant length of main pipelines. In one-, two-story buildings with a small length of pipelines, it is possible to arrange natural circulation of water through a system of circulation pipelines due to the difference in the volumetric mass of water at different temperature. The principle of operation of such a system is similar to the principle of operation of a water

heating with natural circulation. As well as in cold water supply systems, hot water mains can be with lower and upper wiring.

The hot water supply system of a building includes three main elements: a hot water generator (water heater), pipelines and water points.

As hot water generators in central hot water supply systems, high-speed water-to-water and steam-to-water heaters, as well as capacious water heaters, are used.

In a high-speed steam water heater, hot steam supplied to the heater body heats the water passing through the brass tubes located inside the body.

The design temperature of the heat carrier in the water-to-water heater is assumed to be 75 °C, the initial temperature of the heated water is 5 °C, the velocity of the heated water is 0.5 - 3 m/s. High-speed water heaters are used in systems with a uniform water flow and high water consumption.

Capacitive water heaters are used in systems with intermittent and low water consumption. They allow not only to heat, but also to accumulate hot water.

Three-, four- and five-star hotels must have a backup hot water system for the duration of accidents or preventive maintenance. For a backup hot water supply system, industrial electric water heaters can be used. On fig. 2.19 shows an electric industrial water heater "OSO" (Norway). The tank capacity of such a water heater is from 600 to 10,000 liters, the water temperature adjustment range is from 55 to 85 ° C. The inner tank is made of copper-plated stainless steel. In a backup hot water supply system, there may be several water heaters operating in parallel.

The pipelines of the hot and cold water supply system are a single complex of the hotel's economic and industrial supply system and are laid in parallel.

Water points are equipped with mixer taps, allowing you to get wide range water temperature (from 20 to 70 °C) by mixing hot and cold water.

For the hot water supply system, galvanized steel or plastic pipes are used to avoid corrosion. Connections steel pipes and fittings for the same reason must be threaded. To reduce heat losses and prevent water cooling, main pipelines and risers are thermally insulated. Water folding and pipeline fittings in hot water supply systems are used brass or bronze with seals that can withstand temperatures up to 100 ° C.

Operation of water supply systems

After completing all installation work for construction or overhaul systems of cold or hot water supply proceed to their acceptance into operation. Acceptance begins with an inspection of all equipment and pipelines of water supply systems. Noticed deficiencies are included in the defective statement. They are subject to elimination within the specified time.

Then, after eliminating the identified deficiencies, the water supply system is tested for tightness. In this case, the fittings of all water points must be closed. The test consists in the fact that the pipelines are filled with water using a hydraulic press, raising the pressure in the pipelines to the working value. In the event of leaks, minor installation defects are eliminated, pipeline connections are tightened between themselves, with equipment and fittings, and glands are sealed. Upon completion of these works hydraulic press create a pressure in the pipelines higher than the working one by 0.5 MPa and maintain the system under this pressure for 10 minutes. During this period, the pressure should not rise by more than 0.05 Pa. If this requirement is met, the system is considered to have passed the tightness test. Simultaneously with pipeline networks, water heaters of hot water supply systems are tested under pressure.

Upon completion of work on checking the tightness of the water supply system, its test run is carried out. During a test run, they check the adequacy of the supply of cold and hot water to all water points, determine whether the water temperature corresponds to the required value (65 - 70 ° C), check the absence of noise during operation of the pump and its overheating, draw up an act.

The correct and reliable operation of the internal plumbing system depends on its operating conditions, proper supervision and care.

Basic operating conditions: elimination of water leakage, prevention of freezing of water in the pipes of the network and sweating of the pipeline surface, weak pressure water, the fight against noise from water folding fittings when it is opened.

During the operation of the cold and hot water supply systems, periodic inspections of the systems are carried out, establishing the following:

Serviceability of valves of the water metering unit and water meter, pumping equipment;

No water leaks in fittings and equipment connections;

Serviceability of equipment for heating water;

Serviceability of main pipelines, risers, connections;

Serviceability of water fittings.

Leakage of water through pipelines usually occurs when they are damaged due to corrosion. With open laying of pipelines, damaged pipes are easy to detect and replace, with hidden ones, it is very difficult to detect a leak.

The main water leakage occurs through water folding devices due to wear of sealing gaskets, damage or wear of individual parts of the units. Worn or damaged items must be replaced or repaired.

In order to avoid damage to the water supply due to freezing of pipes when the heating system is turned off and the temperature in the rooms to drop to 3 ° C, it is necessary to drain the water from the pipelines.

During the operation of the water supply system, situations may arise in which water is weakly or not supplied to the water points at all. This can be caused by: insufficient pressure at the entrance to the building; clogging of the water meter grid or installation of a water meter of insufficient caliber; pump malfunction; a decrease in the flow area of pipelines due to fouling of the pipe walls with salt deposits or the ingress of foreign objects and rust. To eliminate the above reasons, you must:

Install a pump to increase the pressure in the pipeline system of the building;

Clean or replace the water meter;

Repair or replace the pump valve;

Clean water lines and fittings.

During the operation of the water supply system, noise in the pipelines may also occur. Vibration and noise occur when the pump wears out and is improperly installed when pipes are rigidly embedded in building structures.

Hot water in hotels is used for household and industrial needs. Therefore, it, as well as cold water used for these purposes, must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872--82. The temperature of hot water in order to avoid burns should not exceed 70 ° C and be not lower than 60 ° C, which is necessary for production needs.

Hot water supply in hotels can be:

central
centralized.

During central hot water preparation, the water coming from the cold water supply system is heated by water heaters in the individual heating point of the hotel building or the central heating point, sometimes the water is heated directly in the boilers of local and central boiler houses.

With district heating, water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.

The scheme of hot water supply networks can be dead-end or with the organization of hot water circulation through the circulation pipeline system. Dead End Schemes provide for constant water intake.

If the water intake is periodic, then with such a scheme, the water in the pipelines during the period of no withdrawal will cool down, and during the withdrawal, water will flow to low temperature water points. This leads to the need for unproductive discharge of a large amount of water through the draw-off point, if you want to get water with a temperature of 60-70 °C. In the scheme with water circulation this disadvantage is absent, although it is more expensive. Therefore, such a scheme is used in cases where the water intake is not constant, but it is required to maintain a constant water temperature during the water intake.

Circulation networks are arranged with forced or natural circulation. Forced circulation is carried out by installing pumps, similar to the water heating system of buildings. It is used in buildings with more than two floors, and with a significant length of main pipelines. In one-, two-story buildings with a small length of pipelines, it is possible to arrange natural circulation of water through a system of circulation pipelines due to the difference in the volumetric mass of water at different temperatures. The principle of operation of such a system is similar to the principle of operation of a water heating system with natural circulation. As well as in cold water supply systems, hot water mains can be with lower and upper wiring.

The hot water supply system of a building includes three main elements: a hot water generator (water heater), pipelines and water pipes, and water points.

4.5 Sewerage system

The main distinguishing feature of collective recreation areas (hotels, boarding houses, etc.) is uneven flow depending on the number of residents, as well as seasonality. The user is usually in such a place for a limited period of time, after which he is replaced by others.

Central sewerage- it is very comfortable. Autonomous water supply and drainage are good only because everything is under your control, so the central sewerage will be used in the Sunway club hotel.

02.09.2015

A distinctive feature of this summer was the growing interest of Russians in traveling within the country. Thus, according to VTsIOM, more than a quarter of fellow citizens plan to spend their holidays in the Crimea. First of all, the strong volatility of the ruble, which affects the final cost of the tour, affected the cooling of interest in foreign travel. However, the crisis has affected not only vacationers, but, perhaps, even to a greater extent, entrepreneurs employed in the tourism sector. To stay afloat, many of them thought about how to save money and not lose on the quality of the services provided.

This approach is especially relevant for owners of mini-hotels who are forced to compete with hotel chains, but do not have the resources of the latter. In cities such as St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan (TripAdvisor's Top 3 attractive destinations in Russia), hotels of this type are often located in the historical center, where there was initially no hot water supply. If the premises have access to gas, the most obvious solution is gas instantaneous water heater. Modern devices almost no longer resemble their predecessors familiar to many. In addition to modern appearance, columns received reliable system security and intelligent control. Yes, flowing gas water heater Ariston Marco Polo Gi7S is equipped with an electronic board that analyzes the current parameters (inlet water temperature and its flow rate) and changes the current power, thereby maintaining a stable water temperature in the tap, minimizing the risk of getting burned or falling under a jet of ice water. Owners of mini-hotels can cut costs at the expense of an inexpensive energy resource - gas. The only drawback is not very high performance: one column is able to provide hot water without compromising quality at the same time 2-3 users. In other words, the device will need to be installed in each room. But it is worth considering that this solution is recommended specifically for small hotels, since only in this case they will save money.

If we talk about other devices that use blue fuel, it is worth mentioning double-circuit gas boilers. They make it possible to organize both an independent heating system and hot water supply. The most economical in this segment are condensation models that use the energy of the transition of vapor to a liquid state to obtain an additional resource. For example, Ariston boilers are able to save up to 35% of fuel per season compared to their traditional counterparts. In addition, single-circuit gas boilers can work in tandem with a boiler indirect heating. In fact, this device is a heat-insulated tank with a coil, through which the coolant runs and transfers its temperature to the water, while the coolant itself is heated by heating. The obvious advantage of this DHW option is the ability to get a large number of hot water, but at the same time avoid additional energy consumption.
In addition to heating double-circuit boilers, gas boilers can handle the organization of hot water in mini-hotels. storage water heaters. They are distinguished by increased power, a large tank volume and a much longer service life compared to household appliances. But the design goes into the background, because they are mounted not in prominent places, but in specially designated areas. Modern technologies allows you to cook a large amount of water in up to 20 minutes. For example, gas model Ariston NHRE will warm up 315 liters in 12 minutes.

Another solution with which you can organize a hotel hot water system is electric water heater. Despite the fact that it uses an expensive energy resource, the ability to save is already inherent in its very principle of operation: the main consumption of electricity occurs only at the time of heating the volume of the tank. Further, the temperature in it is maintained by the thermal insulation system. In addition, the most advanced models, such as Velis QH, are endowed with the ability to set a specific operation algorithm. For example, if you know the time of arrival of guests, you can program the appliance so that it warms up by a certain hour. Not working "idle", it will not waste energy. In this way, electricity consumption can be reduced by up to 20%. But it is worth considering that these home appliances must be installed in each room separately. If the hotel project provides for a common hot water supply, then it is better to stop the choice on industrial models. In addition, they are quite economical: to prepare 1000 liters - a volume sufficient for a medium-sized enterprise - an electric model will require only 12 kW.

The following solutions have long been actively used by foreign hoteliers. Despite the high initial costs for the purchase of equipment and installation, they can quickly pay off due to the full or partial use of free renewable resources. It's about about solar systems and heat pumps. The former are more understandable and well-known, the latter are still exotic for Russia. An example of such equipment is the Ariston NUOS series of water heaters with a heat pump. Devices of the line make it possible to extract heat directly from the air and use it to provide hot water. This way you can save up to 70% of energy. For example, spending 1 kW of electricity, the user receives 3-4 kW of heat. That is, he gets 2-3 kW free of charge from environment.

Compared to traditional water heaters, NUOS only uses energy to run the fan and compressor motors. The devices work optimally when the temperature outside is between -5 and 37°C. Thus, they allow you to save on the usual energy sources during most of the year, and in the southern regions of the country - even in winter. In addition, the air received at the outlet helps natural ventilation rooms, creating a refreshing effect.
Summing up all of the above, we note that today the market for water heating equipment is very wide and is able to satisfy even non-standard requests: for example, it is possible to match devices for hybrid DHW systems or completely powered by renewable sources. Hotel owners can only calculate which option will be the most cost-effective.

SANITARY AND HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF PREMISES OF TOURIST AND HOTEL COMPLEXES

Buildings of tourist and hotel complexes must be equipped with: heating systems, plumbing with cold and hot water supply, sewerage, ventilation and air conditioning, power supply and electrical equipment, gasification, mechanical devices and systems, communication systems, signaling and broadcasting, etc. Uninterrupted operation of heat supply systems, cold and hot water supply, ventilation and air conditioning, sewerage, power supply, as well as elevator equipment can improve the quality of guest service, create the necessary conditions personnel and ensure environmental protection,

Heat supply

The functioning of the sanitary systems of the building is based on the use of heat obtained from the combustion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. In the heating system, heat is needed to heat the coolant, which is supplied to heating appliances and maintains the required temperature in the hotel rooms. The heating system operates during the cold season. In ventilation and air conditioning systems, heat is used during the cold season to heat outdoor air to a certain temperature before it is supplied to the premises. In a hot water supply system, heat supply is necessary to heat tap water from a temperature of 5-15 °C to 65-75 °C. The hot water supply system should function all year round. The use of heat by sanitary systems in the course of their operation is called heat consumption. The heat supply system includes four interrelated processes:

Heating of the coolant due to fuel combustion in the heat generator;

Transfer of the coolant to the sanitary system;

The use of the heat of the coolant by the sanitary system;

Return of the coolant for reheating,

Heat carrier - a substance that transfers heat from the heat generator to the heat-consuming devices of the sanitary system. The heat carrier can be water (temperature above 100 °C) and steam. Depending on the type of heat carrier, heat supply systems are divided into water and steam. In the heating systems of residential areas of cities, water is used as a heat carrier. Steam is used mainly in enterprises where it is necessary for technological needs, which is due to large heat losses during the movement of steam through pipelines. According to the radius of action and the number of heat-consuming buildings, central and centralized heat supply systems are distinguished. Central heating systems operate on the basis of local boiler houses (houses, yards, quarters) serving one or more buildings. Installed in boiler rooms hot water boilers that heat water at a temperature of 105 °C. District heating systems serve large urban areas and industrial enterprises. They are based on the work of the central district boiler houses, thermal stations and combined heat and power plants (CHP). The coolant in this case is superheated water with temperature from 0 to 150 °C, located in pipelines under pressure. Water heating systems are connected to the city heating networks in special heat points serving several buildings. At the points of connection of water heating systems, devices are installed for mixing with superheated network water return water from a heating system with more than low temperature, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of hot water in the system to the desired level (up to 95 ° C) and regulate it within the required limits (45-95 ° C). City enterprises can be supplied with heat from their own (local) boiler houses, from central district boiler houses and thermal stations or city CHPPs. The heat supply of hotels from heating networks is carried out under a direct agreement between the hotel and the heating network management.

Water supply system.

Cold water system

In hotels, water is used for household and drinking needs - for drinking and personal hygiene of staff and guests; for production needs - for cleaning residential and public premises, watering the territory and green spaces, washing raw materials, dishes and cooking, old clothes, curtains, bed and table linen, when providing additional services, for example, in a hairdresser, sports and fitness center, and also for fire protection circuits. The water supply system includes three components; source of water supply with facilities and devices for water intake> purification and treatment, external water supply networks and internal water supply located in the building. Hotels located in cities and towns, as a rule, are supplied with cold water from the city (village) water supply. Hotels located in the countryside, in the mountains, on highways, have a local water supply system. In the city water supply, water is used from open (rivers, oei-ra) or closed (groundwater) sources. Water in the city water supply must comply with the requirements of GOST R 2872-82. Before being supplied to the city water supply network, water from open sources of water supply always undergoes preliminary treatment to bring its quality indicators in accordance with the requirements of the standard. Water from closed water sources usually does not need to be treated. From the waterworks through the city water supply network, water enters the consumers.

Hot water system

Hot water and hotels are used for domestic and drinking and industrial needs. Therefore, it, like cold water used for these purposes, must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872-82. The temperature of hot water in order to avoid burns should not exceed 70 ° C and be at least 60 ° C, which is necessary for production needs. Hot water supply in hotels can be local, central or centralized. With local water supply, water coming from the cold water supply system is heated in gas, electric water heaters, water heaters. In this case, water is heated directly at the places of its consumption. In order to avoid interruptions in hot water supply, hotels usually use a central hot water supply system. During the central preparation of hot iodine water, coming from the cold water supply system, it is heated by water heaters in the individual heating point of the hotel building or the central heating point, sometimes the water is heated directly in the boilers of local and central boiler houses. With district heating, water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.

sewerage system

The hotel building, which has a system of cold and hot water supply, must also be equipped with a system internal sewerage, at which the waste liquid is removed from the building. Waste liquid is water that was used for various needs and received additional impurities (pollution) that changed it. chemical composition or physical properties. The internal sewerage system is connected to the city sewer networks. Waste liquid is transported through the city sewerage system to the treatment plant. After purification, the water is sent to reservoirs. Treatment facilities are located along the river below the settlements. Depending on the origin and nature of the pollution, sewage is divided into domestic, storm and industrial. Household sewerage in hotels is designed to drain Wastewater from sanitary facilities. Storm canonization (drainage systems) serves to drain atmospheric water from the roofs of buildings using downpipes. Waste liquid from sinks and sinks of the catering unit, utility rooms, laundries, hairdressers, etc., enters the industrial sewerage system.

Non-state private educational institution

higher professional education

Southern Institute of Management

Faculty of TR and GB

COURSE WORK

By discipline: "Technique and technology in SKST".

On the topic: "Technology of hot and cold water supply of hotels."

Completed:

4th year student of group 05 st.

Jalilov V.Z.

Checked:

teacher Zakharova Irina Yurievna.

Krasnodar 2009

Introduction

1. Water supply system

2.1 Waterworks

2.2 Cold water systems

3.2 Water heating technology

3.3 Hot water circulation and water system protection

3.4 Hotel plumbing system

3.5 Technology of hot and cold water supply in the sanatorium "Chaika"

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

AT modern world in the era of scientific and technological progress and the flourishing of new technologies, in the period of economic integration and globalization, there is a rapid development of the tourism and hotel business. The process of European unification, the opening of the "Iron Curtain", the wide spread of new information technologies make the world more open. Every year the number of people traveling for business or tourism purposes is growing. A full-fledged comfortable rest, the opportunity to see new cities and countries, visit historical places and sights, enjoy the beauty of nature is the cherished dream of many. For the realization of this dream, for the embodiment of a fairy tale to life, modern travelers set off. Often the motive for a trip may simply be a desire for a change of scenery. Therefore, the role of the hotel in the modern tourism infrastructure can hardly be overestimated. It must meet all the expectations of the client, become for him a cozy and comfortable home for a while, be remembered by something individually unique. It is the creation of a positive image of the hotel, the client's perception of it as an attractive place where they want to return again, and this is the goal of the owner and staff and, ultimately, the key to the commercial success of the enterprise.

In the modern world there are a huge number of hotels. They differ in purpose, capacity, number of storeys, type of construction, level of comfort, location and other features. To succeed in the competitive struggle, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of the modern market. It is necessary to create not only excellent customer service, architectural style, but also the well-established work of the housing and communal complex of the hotel, including the water supply of the hotel

The twenty-first century is the century of advanced technologies. And ever higher demands are placed on energy efficiency engineering equipment and systems. Novelty is fundamental for water supply, heating, fire extinguishing systems - in technology, in quality assurance, ease of installation and, most importantly, efficiency.

Therefore, the objectives of this work are:

consider hotel water supply technology

consider the design of the internal cold water supply system of hotels

consider designing a hot water system for hotels

identify the shortcomings of the hotel water supply technology

consider the technologies of hot and cold water supply of the sanatorium "Chaika

Objectives of this work:

analyze the water supply technology of the hotel

conduct a comprehensive analysis of the technology of hot and cold water supply of the sanatorium "Chaika

Make conclusions about the work done

1. Water supply system

1.1 Water supply system in hotel enterprises

In urban water supply, water is used from open (rivers, lakes) or closed (groundwater) sources.

1.2 Sanitary facilities in hospitality businesses

In a modern hotel, each room has its own bathroom. The main equipment includes: washbasin, bath or shower, toilet, bidet. The main devices should also include heated fittings for hanging towels.

Depending on the type of hotel and room, the following accommodation options are used sanitary equipment:

in hotels of the highest and category I, a bathroom for individual use is required in the room, equipped with three devices, and in a suite - four;

in single and double rooms of hotels of category II and III there may be a bathroom with two appliances (toilet bowl and washbasin);

in category III hotels, the room must have a washbasin, and in the corridor - washrooms, showers, bathrooms and public latrines.

An important point is also the careful installation of the equipment itself and the creation of opportunities for preventive inspection and repair of equipment. Checking chambers are often used, which are placed between two bathrooms. This provides access to the main communications without entering the room.

In hotels with an expensive interior, bathrooms represent a very interesting technical and artistic solution and are the true pride of sanitary technology. High quality porcelain combined with high quality metal fittings, wall decoration and all additional devices make your stay in the hotel pleasant and create modern comfort.

2. Design of the internal cold water supply system of hotels

2.1 Waterworks

Water in the city water supply must comply with the requirements of GOST R 2872-82. Before being supplied to the city water supply network, water from open sources of water supply always undergoes pre-treatment to bring its quality indicators in line with the requirements of the standard. Water from closed water sources usually does not need to be treated. Water treatment is carried out onwaterworks.When water is supplied from rivers, stations are placed along the river above settlements.

The structure of the waterworks includes the following facilities (Fig. 1)

water intake devices;

first lift pumps;

settling tanks and treatment facilities;

water storage tanks;

second lift pumps.

From the waterworks through the city water supply network, water enters the consumers.

Picture. 1 Scheme of a waterworks: 1- waterworks; 2 - pumping station of the first lift; 3 - treatment facilities; 4- clean water tanks; 5- pumping station of the second lift; 6- conduits; 7- pressure tower; 8- main water supply network.

City water networksconstructed from steel, cast iron, reinforced concrete or asbestos-cement pipes. Valves are installed on them in wells to turn off individual sections of the water supply network in case of an accident and repair, fire hydrants for water supply when extinguishing fires. Pipelines of the water supply network are located at a depth of at least 0.2 m below the depth of soil freezing in winter. Steel pipelines must have reliable waterproofing.

Internal plumbingbuilding is a collection of equipment, devices and pipelines that supply water from central systems external water supply or from local water sources to water points in the building. The internal water supply in hotel buildings must be separate to meet the economic, industrial and fire-fighting needs. Household and drinking and industrial water supply systems are combined, since clean drinking water is used for household and industrial needs in hotels. The internal plumbing of the cold water supply system includes the following elements:

one or more inputs;

water meter;

filters for additional water purification;

booster pumps and water tanks;

piping system with control valves (distribution lines, risers, inlets);

water folding devices;

fire extinguishing devices.

2.2 Scheme of the cold water supply system

An inlet is a section of a pipeline connecting an internal water supply to an external water supply. The input is carried out perpendicular to the wall of the building. For this, cast-iron or asbestos-cement pipes are used. At the point of connection of the input to the external water supply network, a well and a valve are installed, which, if necessary, turns off the water supply to the building. There are usually two entrances to the hotel, which guarantees, firstly, an uninterrupted supply of cold water, and secondly, a sufficient supply of water to fire hydrants in the event of a fire. The water meter unit is designed to measure the water consumption of an enterprise. It is installed in a heated room immediately after passing through the input outer wall building. Water flow is measured using a water meter. The water meter is designed in such a way that when a water flow passes through it, an impeller (or impeller) is set into rotation, which transmits movement to the meter dial hand. Pa water flow is indicated in liters or cubic meters.

The water meter is selected according to reference data, depending on the estimated maximum hourly (second) water flow at the inlet.

In four- and five-star hotels, water from the city water supply must undergo additional treatment at water treatment plants. The purpose of additional processing is to obtain water that meets international quality standards. The scheme of the water treatment plant is shown in Fig.2.

Figure 2. Scheme of the hotel's water treatment plant

At water treatment stations, water is passed through special filters consisting of layers of quartz, river sand, activated carbon, disinfected with an ultraviolet irradiation lamp (UVR), and various additives are added to the water.

UV lamp kills microbes contained in water, softens it. Lamp life should not exceed one year.

Alkali NaOH is used as an additive, which is automatically injected into the water through special holes in the pipeline. The purpose of treating water with NaOH is to bring it to an acidity level of pH = 8.2. Salts can also be added to water: NaCl and A 1 2 (S 0 4) 3.

The choice of the scheme of the cold water supply system in the hotel building depends on the available pressure R (Pa) in the external water supply network at the entrance to the building. For the normal supply of water to all water points of the internal water supply, the required pressure H R (Pa) in the external water supply network must be at least:

H P= h 1+ h 2+ h 3+ h 4+ h 5

where h 1 - pressure required to raise water from the input to the highest point, Pa; h 2 – pressure loss in the water meter unit, Pa; h 3 - pressure loss at the water treatment plant, Pa; h 4 - pressure loss in pipelines, Pa, h 5 – required free pressure at the highest water draw point, Pa.

The pressure in the internal water supply system should not exceed 0.6 MPa.

Depending on the ratio of the values of H p and H tr the building is equipped with one of the cold water supply systems.

At H R > H tr a constant supply of water to all water points of the building is ensured and the simplest water supply system is installed without a booster pump and a water tank .

If constantly at certain hours of the day H R < Н tr and therefore, water is periodically provided to a number of water points, a water supply system with a water pressure or hydropneumatic tank is arranged.

During periods when H R ≥ H tr , the water tank is filled with water, and when H R < Н tr , water from the water tank is used for internal consumption.

Provided that most of the time H R < N tr, arrange a water supply system with booster pumps or with booster pumps and water pressure (or hydropneumatic tank ).

In the latter version, the pump operates periodically, filling the tank, from which the system is supplied with water. The water tank is installed at the top of the building. The hydropneumatic tank is located at the bottom of the building. The premises in which the pumps are installed must have heating, lighting and ventilation. The building may be served by one or more pumps installed in parallel or in series. If the building is served by one pump, then the second pump must be connected to the network as a standby pump. Pumps are selected taking into account their performance and the pressure generated.

For the internal water supply system, steel (galvanized) or plastic pipes are used. Pipelines are laid open and closed in building structures. Horizontal sections to ensure the descent of water are laid with a slope towards the input. The plumbing system, depending on the scheme, can be with an upper or lower water distribution.

The diameter of the pipeline is determined according to special tables, depending on the number of water draw-off (water-consuming) points and their sizes.

The diameter of the mains of the economic-industrial-fire-fighting water supply systems is assumed to be at least 50 mm.

Internal water supply systems are equipped with pipeline and water fittings.

Gate valves and valves are used as shut-off and control valves. Gate valves are made of cast iron and steel, and valves are also made of brass. Shut-off valves are installed on the input, risers and branches.

Safety fittings include safety and check valves, control fittings include level indicators, control valves, and valves for pressure gauges.

Water fittings include various taps at the points of water tapping: wall, toilet, drain cisterns, watering, urinal, flush, as well as mixer taps for sinks, bathtubs, showers, wash basins, pools, washing machines and etc.

2.3 Fire-fighting water supply in hotel enterprises

To extinguish the fire, water is supplied from the existing water supply. In some cases, it can be supplied by pumps from natural or artificial reservoirs.

Internal fire water supply is provided by the device in the building of risers with fire hydrants. Fire hydrants are placed on landings, in corridors and in separate rooms of hotels at a height of 1.35 m from the floor in special lockers with the designation "PC". The fire cabinet equipment is shown in fig. 2.16. In the locker, in addition to the crane, there should be a canvas sleeve 10 or 20 m long and a metal fire nozzle (water hose). The sleeve has quick-release nuts at the ends for connection with the stem and valve of the crane. The sleeves are placed on a swivel shelf or wound on a reel. The distance between the fire hydrants depends on the length of the hose and must be such that the entire building area is irrigated with at least one jet. In the building, the use of sleeves of the same length and diameter is allowed.

In hotels located in multi-storey buildings, the internal fire water supply system also includes automatic fire extinguishers that localize the fire, block the path of the spreading flame and flue gases, and eliminate the fire. Automatic fire extinguishing equipment includes sprinkler and deluge systems. Schemes of sprinkler and deluge fire fighting plumbing systems presented in Fig.3

Figure.3 Fire cabinet equipment: A - with a swivel shelf; b- with a coil; 1- cabinet walls; 2- fire hydrant; 3- fire riser; 4- fire barrel; 5- fire hose; 6- rotary shelf; 7- coil.

sprinkler systemsare used for local extinguishing of fires and fires, cooling building structures and signaling a fire.

The sprinkler system includes a system of pipelines laid under the ceiling and filled with water, and sprinklers, the openings of which are closed with fusible locks. When ready, the sprinkler system is pressurized. When the temperature in the room rises, the sprinkler lock melts and the water jet from the sprinkler, hitting the socket, breaks over the fire. At the same time, water approaches the alarm device, which gives a signal about a fire. The area protected by one sprinkler is about 10 m 2 . Sprinkler sprinklers are installed in residential rooms, corridors, service and public areas of hotels.

Deluge systems designed to extinguish fires over the entire settlement area, create water curtains in the openings of fire walls, above fire doors dividing hotel corridors into sections, and fire alarms. Drencher systems can be with automatic and manual (local and remote) activation. Deluge systems consist of a system of pipelines and sprinklers, but unlike a sprinkler system, water deluge sprinklers do not have locks and are constantly open. A water supply valve with a temperature-sensitive lock is installed in the pipeline supplying water to a group of successively located sprinklers. In case of fire, the lock opens the valve and water flows from all deluge heads to extinguish the fire or create a curtain. The fire alarm goes off at the same time.

The performance of sprinkler and deluge installations depends on their maintenance, which consists of a number of activities provided for in the instructions for their operation.

3. Designing a hot water system for hotels

3.1 Hot water system in hotel enterprises

Hot water in hotels is used for domestic and industrial needs. Therefore, it, as well as cold water used for these purposes, must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872-82. The temperature of hot water in order to avoid burns should not exceed 70 "C and be not lower than 60 °C, which is necessary for production needs.

Hot water supply in hotels can be:

local,

central

centralized.

With district heating, water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.

Circulation networks are arranged with forced or natural circulation. Forced circulation is carried out by installing pumps, similar to the water heating system of buildings. It is used in buildings with more than two floors, and with a significant length of main pipelines. In one-, two-story buildings with a small length of pipelines, it is possible to arrange natural circulation of water through a system of circulation pipelines due to the difference in the volumetric mass of water at different temperatures. The principle of operation of such a system is similar to the principle of operation of a water heating system with natural circulation. As well as in cold water supply systems, hot water mains can be with lower and upper wiring.

The hot water supply system of a building includes three main elements: a hot water generator (water heater), pipelines and water pipes, and water points.

3.2 Water heating technology

There is a good rule for hot water systems - maintaining the temperature at the lowest level that is acceptable for residents. It has been observed that corrosion and deposition of mineral salts accelerate with increasing temperature. A temperature of 60°C is considered as the maximum for normal consumption. If residents consider hot water sufficient at a temperature less than the indicated temperature by 5-8 ° C, then so much the better. For special applications where hotter water is required, such as dishwashers in apartments or restaurants located in a residential building, separate heaters must be used. Just because dishwashers need water with a temperature of 70 ° C, there is no need to heat all hot water to this temperature.

Heaters at home dishwashers usually electrical. Hot water systems for general purposes are similar heating systems. If, for example, an individual heating and cooling installation uses electricity as "fuel", the same source is provided for the hot water system.

On the other hand, if a plant is designed for central heating, then hot water supply is often done as part of this system. The subject of discussion is the choice of method for heating water: using a boiler, a water heater, or a combination of both methods. If the project provides for only one hot water boiler, hot water must be heated by a separate device. This boiler can be shut down during the summer for preventive maintenance. Therefore, the use of installations with one unit is allowed only if the deprivation of hot water for several days a year will not annoy the residents.

When installing two or more boilers, it is advantageous to combine the hot water supply system with the heating system. In this case, the area of the boiler room is saved and initial costs are reduced. However, we should not forget that the heating of water does not occur by itself. Therefore, if boilers of the heating system are used for hot water supply, their productivity should be increased by the amount of heat that is spent to heat the water in the hot water supply system. The load on the boiler depends on the orientation of the hotel, the temperature of the incoming cold water, etc.;

The more boilers in the installation, the more efficiently it works in summer period. If two boilers of the same capacity are provided, they will be too large for the load in the summer, except in areas with a very mild climate. If there are five of them, then heating water will be economical even in the coldest areas.

The mechanism for heating water from a central boiler plant is very simple. The most popular water heaters are a shell with a bundle enclosed in it. copper pipes small diameter. The heat carrier (steam or hot water from the boiler) washes the pipes from the outside, and the hot water flows inside them. The temperature or quantity of the heating medium is adjusted depending on the temperature of the hot water so that it is fairly constant regardless of the water draw.

The advantage of this heater is its small footprint. For example, for a 200-apartment building, the need for hot water is met by a steam water heater with a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 2 m, which is easy to install in a boiler room. If an additional increase in the cost of the project can be allowed, it is better to install two heaters on the same foundation, working alternately. This recommendation is often neglected in favor of lower initial costs, considering that a short interruption in the supply of hot water is not a disaster. However, it is good to have a spare tube bundle for quick change, since it can take several days or even weeks to repair the entire water heater.

Local water heaters can be used in the form of a boiler or heat exchanger installed specifically for this purpose. Very often, the process of heating water is carried out in one or more boilers, in which water is heated directly by fuel, without an intermediate heat exchanger. This fuel may be gas, oil or electricity, and the heater may have some capacity for heated water.

The heat accumulators used in hot water supply systems work like a bank in which you invest money when there is a surplus of it, and then you spend it. This is due to the fact that water consumption during the day is far from uniform - the maximum is in the morning and evening "peak" hours. As a result, a complex situation is created. Let's explain this with the following example. Suppose that, according to the calculation, the total demand for hot water during the day is 18200 liters, and this need is determined on the basis of a study of statistical data for many years. At the same time, it is expected that the maximum flow will be from 7 to 8 am and will be 3400 liters. There are two extreme cases. In one case, the performance of the installation was chosen based on the need to heat 3400 liters of water per hour from the temperature at which cold water enters to a temperature of 52-60°C. Another extreme case will be if we assume that water is evenly consumed during the day. In our example, the consumption will be equal to 18200 liters divided by 24 hours, i.e. 760 liters per hour. The battery is calculated in such a way that it can provide the peak demand for hot water in an hour of operation. In our example, the highest flow rate is 3400 liters, of which the water heater can produce 760 liters per hour. Therefore, the battery should add 2640 hp.

The battery is a steel tank cylindrical shape. Hot water leaving the tank must be replaced by cold water. About 75% of the tank capacity can be replaced before the colder mixture changes the temperature of the hot water supply. Therefore, the useful capacity of the tank is 75% of the total capacity. In our example, this means that the capacity of the storage tank should be 3520 liters.

Special Benefit from the use of batteries is obtained for central systems. A smaller heater means a need for a smaller boiler, a smaller chimney and more efficient work as this heater is used more fully throughout the day. There are also serious drawbacks. The battery takes up a lot of space and costs a lot of money, it corrodes, requires maintenance, and finally, it needs to be dismantled and replaced. However, all this is not the main criterion for choosing one of these extreme systems. Each project should be judged on its own metrics.

3.3 Hot water circulation and system protection

During the last hours of the night, when there is very little or no hot water in the residential building, the temperature of the water standing still in the pipelines drops to about the temperature of the hotel. The first inhabitant to wake up, flushing the water early in the morning, discovers that the water is cold and that a large amount of water must be released before it becomes hot. The solution to this problem is to install an additional piping system that allows water to slowly circulate through the pipes and through the water heater. Circulation can be carried out in a gravitational way, under the influence of the mass difference between the hottest and coolest water, similar to how water circulates in a heating system. Often, for this purpose, circulation pump.

And the last issue that needs to be considered is the security of the system. As water is heated by more than 4°C, it expands. It will be shown below that the air collectors in the water lines dampen this expansion, but with a significant expansion or if the air collectors are overfilled with water, it is necessary to have safety valve, which would open automatically and, releasing a certain amount of water, relieve pressure in the system. Usually it is enough to drop a small amount of water. The second danger lies in the possible breakdown of the heater thermostats, which can lead to unacceptably high water heating. This also forces the installation of a safety valve that prevents very hot water from reaching the consumer. These two functions are usually assigned to the same valve, called a thermopneumatic relief valve. At any moment, quite unexpectedly, it can completely open. To protect people from injury, a pipeline is attached to the valve and taken to a safe place, preferably directly above the wastewater receiver. This should be especially remembered when installing an individual water heater in a separate house. The discharge from the safety valve must be led to a place where it cannot harm anyone or anything.

3.4 Plumbing system

Water piping must be resistant to erosion and corrosion. Erosion is caused by the movement of water, while corrosion is caused by chemical action. For example, if there is air in steel pipes (and incoming water always contains some air), chemical reaction. As a result, iron oxide, called rust, appears on them. Therefore, steel pipes intended for water supply are electrochemically coated with zinc. This process is called galvanization. As materials for the manufacture of pipes, in addition to steel, the mass of cast-iron pipes is used, the less they are suitable for laying inside the house, where it is very difficult to fix them.

Asbestos-cement pipes are also difficult to work with. They are mainly used for underground communications. Plastic pipes have recently become very popular due to their moderate price and ease of connection; they resist not only corrosion, but also the passage electric current, which sometimes complicates the application metal pipes. A serious obstacle to the widespread use of plastic pipes is their unsuitability for high temperatures. Such pipes should not be placed near a boiler or a firebox, the surface temperature of which is above 70°C. It is impossible to use them for hot water networks in a hotel, as this is very dangerous for people's lives and can lead to a serious failure of the piping system.

The layout of cold water pipes in a building is similar to the structure of a tree: the input is the trunk of the tree, and the mains and outlets are its branches. In large hotels, valves are not installed on the main highways so that during repair work in any part of the system, other consumers are not left without water. If a water pipes concealed in building structures, access to the valves must be provided, and each valve must be identified with the specific part of the system it serves. Depending on the availability of space for laying highways, systems come with upper and lower wiring. (Fig. 4)

In houses, the height of which allows the implementation of a water supply system without a booster installation, they make a lower wiring of highways with risers, through which water rises to the consumer. If a system with an upper pressure tank is being built, then the upper wiring of the mains is made in the attic. The hot water supply system can also be with upper and lower wiring. In six-story houses, a system with a lower wiring is usually used. In the upper part of the hotel, each supply riser is connected to a circulation riser laid nearby. Then the circulation risers are combined with a circulation line, which is laid in parallel with the supply line. If the number of floors is more than six, then the length of the backup circulation risers increases accordingly, and the cost increases significantly.

In this case, it is preferable to bring each riser to the attic, and then combine these outlets on this floor into one return pipe going to the heater. An "inverted" scheme is also possible. One hot water supply line can be taken up to the top of the hotel, branched out with distribution lines at this level, from which individual risers are directed downwards, extending for some length in the lower floor. There they are connected by a common main line going to the heater. In all cases, each return riser must be provided with a manual control valve to regulate the amount of water circulating in the system. These control valves, as well as shut-off valves, must be freely accessible. Therefore, during installation, sometimes it is necessary to lay longer pipelines than is required for optimal length tracks.

Figure 4. Hot water system

a - lower wiring; b - top wiring;

1- control valves; 2- main supply riser; 3- compensation loop; 4- supply risers; 5-main return riser; 6-heat exchanger; 7-stop valves; 8-feed from the water supply; 9- circulation pump; 10- safety valve to release water when pressure or temperature rises

3.5 Technology of hot and cold water supply in the sanatorium "Chaika

The dormitory building of the FGU sanatorium "Chaika" was built at the end of 1988 and is intended for accommodation of vacationers in hotel-type rooms. Water supply and sewerage systems have not changed since the construction.

To supply water for domestic and drinking needs, a domestic and drinking water supply system is adopted in the building, which supplies water to sanitary appliances installed in the rooms and serving 400 beds.

The sanatorium is located on the outskirts near the city 7-8km. therefore uses the local water supply system.

Since the building has a height of 8 floors, and the volume of St. 25000 m 3 , according to the building, an internal fire-fighting water supply is provided, supplying two jets of 2.5 l / s. For watering green spaces and sidewalks around the building, an irrigation water supply system is provided.

For household needs, the building provides centralized system hot water supply, as there are thermal networks from the CHP in the area.

The system is powered by cold water supply, to which it is connected after pumping unit.

The hot water supply system in the sanatorium "Chaika" is a centralized heating system. Water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network. The hot water supply system includes a device for heating water, distribution and circulation networks, fittings.

We accept a high-speed water heater as a water heater.

The distribution network is assumed to be dead-end with a lower wiring, since there is no attic in the building. It contains 24 hot water distribution risers and 41 circulation risers with heated towel rails.

Risers are laid in the same shaft with cold water risers, to the right of them. The wiring in the rooms runs parallel to the cold water wiring. Heated towel rails are installed on the circulation risers, which also serve to heat bathrooms. Networks are mounted from steel pipes GOST 3262-75, connected on the thread.

Mixers are used as water fittings, as stop valves- ball valves installed at the base of the riser for emptying the network and at the top of the riser for air release.

As a result, a number of problems associated with the operation of these systems have accumulated, such as:

Technically and morally obsolete mixing devices.

1. The lack of pressure can be eliminated:

an increase in pressure at the entrance to the building, i.e. at the local pumping station installation of a local pumping unit (for the building).

For economic reasons, option 2 is more efficient, since the first solution costs more for re-equipment.

2. Technically and morally obsolete mixing devices:

Replacement of mixing devices with new ones

3. Sewer blockages:

Installation of cleaners in the most clogged places

Replacing sewerage networks The old sewerage system is made of cast-iron pipes, replacing them with plastic ones, we get less overgrowth over time.

Taking into account the redevelopment and completion of the floor, the chosen solutions turn out to be the most rational.

4. Disruption of insulation of water risers and mains:

The imposition of new insulation to replace the broken one

Complete replacement of insulation with a new one, since we are replacing the water supply network with a new one, it is accordingly more rational to replace the insulation as well, rather than restore the old one.

Thus, for the purpose of reconstruction, it is advisable:

Install booster pumps in the basement of the building

Replace pipelines: risers with water-gas galvanized GOST 3262-75, branches from risers to sanitary appliances with metal-polymer pipes.

Replace mixing devices in sanitary facilities

Isolate pipelines

Install sewers from plastic pipes instead of cast iron.

Conclusion

In the world of hotel business, competition is very fierce, so nothing should spoil the image of hotels, even at first glance, such a small thing as shutting off cold or hot water by the city.

In this work on the topic "hot and cold water supply technology" I have considered:

Water supply system in hotel enterprises

Cold and hot water supply systems

Technology of hot and cold water supply in the sanatorium "Chaika"

I analyzed the water supply technology of the Chaika Hotel and found that a number of problems have accumulated associated with the operation of water supply systems:

Lack of water pressure in the plumbing on the upper floors of the building.

Technically and morally obsolete mixing devices.

Frequent blockages in the sewerage system

Technically and morally obsolete mixing devices

And he suggested ways to solve problems.

installation of a local pumping unit (for the building).

replacement of mixing devices with new ones

install sewerage from plastic pipes instead of cast iron

The current state of one of the most important components of the housing and communal services (HCS) - internal and external pipelines - at most facilities is extremely unsatisfactory today. Moreover, the situation here is getting worse every day, due to the continuous aging of pipeline systems. And as a result - the emergence of emergency situations on pipelines, the growth of damage, and this is the loss of hotel customers.

Bibliography