Installation 

Systems of external thermal insulation of facades. Types of facade insulation systems External thermal insulation systems for building walls

Calculations are made for a typical two-story house with an attic with total area 205 m2, insulated according to old and modern standards. The required power of the heating system before insulation is 30 kW. After the house has been insulated, the required power does not exceed 15 kW. So the conclusion is clear.

Location of the heater

There are three options for the location of the heater.

1.From the inside of the wall.

Advantages:

The exterior of the house is completely preserved.

Ease of execution. Work is carried out in warm and dry conditions, and this can be done at any time of the year.

You can resort to the most modern technologies at the moment, using the widest choice of materials.

Disadvantages:

In any case, the loss of usable area is inevitable. At the same time, the greater the thermal conductivity of the insulation, the greater the losses.

It is likely that the humidity of the supporting structure will increase. Through the insulation (usually a vapor-permeable material), water vapor passes unhindered, and then begins to accumulate either in the thickness of the wall or at the “cold wall-insulation” border. At the same time, the insulation delays the flow of heat from the room into the wall and thus lowers its temperature, which further exacerbates the waterlogging of the structure.

That is, if, for one reason or another, only possible option Insulation will be the placement of insulation from the inside, then it will be necessary to take fairly strict structural measures to protect the wall from moisture - install a vapor barrier from the side of the room, create an effective air ventilation system in the rooms.

2. Inside the wall (multilayer structures).

In this case, the insulation is placed on the outside of the wall and closed with a brick (facing). The creation of such a multilayer wall can be quite successfully implemented in new construction, but for existing buildings it is difficult to do, as it causes an increase in the thickness of the structure, which, as a rule, requires reinforcement, which means reworking the entire foundation.

3. From the outside of the wall.

Advantages:

External thermal insulation protects the wall from variable freezing and thawing, makes the temperature fluctuations of its array more even, which increases the durability of the supporting structure.

The "dew point", or the condensation zone of the outgoing vapors, is taken out into the insulation - outside the bearing wall. The vapor-permeable heat-insulating materials used for this do not prevent the evaporation of moisture from the wall into the outer space. This helps to reduce wall moisture and increases the life of the entire structure.

External thermal insulation does not allow heat flow to pass from the load-bearing wall outwards, thus raising the temperature of the load-bearing structure. At the same time, the array of the insulated wall becomes a heat accumulator - it contributes to a longer preservation of heat indoors in winter and coolness in summer.

Disadvantages:

The outer heat-insulating layer must be protected both from moisture by atmospheric precipitation and from mechanical impact with a durable, but vapor-permeable coating. We have to arrange the so-called ventilated facade or plaster.

The so-called dew point gets inside the insulation layer, and this always leads to an increase in its humidity. It will be possible to avoid this by using heaters with high vapor permeability, due to which moisture both gets inside the layer and evaporates out of it.

After weighing all the pros and cons of each of the three ways to place the insulation, we can definitely say that external insulation is certainly the most rational.

METHODS OF WARMING OF FACADES

It should be noted right away that when the building is insulated from the outside, its decoration ceases to play only an aesthetic role. Now it should not only create comfortable conditions inside the building, but also protect the supporting structure and the insulation attached to it from the effects of various weather factors, but without losing external attractiveness. In this regard, it is impossible to talk only about the methods of insulating houses and the materials used for this - whatever one may say, you will have to talk about finishing in parallel, since both operations are simply inseparable from each other.

First of all, it is worth considering wooden structures, since it is for them that the scheme of the wall “layer cake” turns out to be the most complex and it is they that are most susceptible to destruction due to improper construction. It would be useful to consider in passing the processes occurring in the insulated structure.

Insulation of wooden structures

As you know, wood is one of the most traditional building materials from which frame and log houses are built not only in Russia, but also in many other countries. True, no matter how wonderful properties a tree possesses, it is not a heat insulator to a sufficient extent. As we are talking about a relatively moisture-intensive material that is highly susceptible to decay, mold and other diseases caused by its moisture, then the most optimal scheme counts external insulation with a protective and decorative screen (outer skin) with a ventilated gap between the insulation and this same screen (see Fig.).

This scheme includes such components as internal cladding (from the side of the room), vapor barrier, wooden supporting structure, insulation, wind protection, ventilated air gap, external cladding (from the street). If we want to understand why each of these components is needed, it is worth considering in more detail those physical processes that occur in an insulated structure (see Fig.).

On average, with year-round operation of the building, the heating season lasts 5 months, of which three fall in the winter. This means that 24 hours a day there is a stable temperature difference between the internal space (a zone of positive temperature) and the street (a zone of sub-zero temperature). And since there is a temperature difference, it means that in a wall structure with a certain thermal conductivity, a heat flow is inevitably formed in the direction “from heat to cold”. Simply put, the wall takes the heat of the room and takes it to the street. So, the main task of the heater is to reduce this flow to a minimum. At present, the use of heaters is regulated by the requirements for thermal protection of enclosing structures, specified in Amendment No. 3 to SNiP 11-3-79 * "Construction Heat Engineering", which entered into force at the beginning of 2000.


It is important to know that the thermal insulation material is effective as long as it remains dry. For example, basalt insulation with a volumetric moisture content of only 5% loses 15-20% of its thermal insulation properties. Moreover, the greater its humidity, the more significant the losses become. In fact, the insulation ceases to be a heater, which means that the main question becomes: where does the moisture come from in it?

Air always contains water vapor in one volume or another. At 100% relative humidity and a temperature of 20 °C, 1 m3 of air can contain up to 17.3 g of water in the form of steam. As the temperature decreases, the ability of air to retain moisture drops sharply, and at a temperature of 16 ° C, 1 m3 of air can already contain no more than 13.6 g of water. That is, the lower the temperature, the less moisture the air is able to retain. If, when the temperature drops, the actual content of water vapor in the air exceeds the maximum allowable value for a given temperature, then the “extra” vapor will immediately turn into drops of water. And this is the source of moisture insulation.

The whole process goes like this. The relative humidity of indoor air is about 55-65%, which is much higher than the humidity of outdoor air, especially in winter. And since there is a difference in values ​​between the two volumes, then a “flow” inevitably arises, designed to equalize these values ​​- warm water vapor first moves from the room to the street through the insulated structure. But since he has to move “from heat to cold”, along the way he will condense (turn into drops), moisturizing, thus insulating material.

You can stop the humidification process by creating a so-called vapor barrier, arranged from the side of the room. To create it, you need or a couple of layers oil paint, or rolled vapor barrier materials that are covered with decorative sheathing. Moisture vapor in this case is removed from the premises by means of forced ventilation (see Fig.).

But the organization of such a vapor barrier is far from being the only necessary condition. The air contained in the insulation, having heated up from the inner (bearing) wall, will begin to move towards the street. It must be said that simultaneous vapor-permeable heat-insulating materials will not interfere with such movement, and as the air cools, moisture can also begin to condense from it. To avoid this, water vapor that has reached the outer boundary of the thermal insulation material must be given an unhindered opportunity to leave it before condensation occurs. So, the second condition for ensuring the normal operation of the insulated structure is the presence of well-organized ventilation - the creation of the so-called ventilated gap between the outer skin and the layer of heat-insulating material, as well as the conditions for the occurrence of “draft” (air flow) in this gap. Just the "thrust" and will remove the water vapor that comes out of the insulating material.

But even these measures will not be enough. It is also necessary to isolate the heat-insulating layer from the side of the street, and if this is not done, the heat-insulating properties of the insulation may deteriorate. Firstly, due to atmospheric moisture (penetration of rain, snow, etc.), wetting of the thermal insulation layer can occur. Secondly, because of the wind, it is impossible to “blow through” low-density heaters, which is accompanied by heat loss. Thirdly, under the influence of a constant air flow in the ventilated gap, the destruction of the heat-insulating material may begin - the process of "blowing out" the insulation.

In order to preserve the heat-shielding characteristics of the structure on the surface of the thermal insulation, bordering; with a ventilated gap, a layer of windproof, moisture-proof and at the same time vapor-permeable material is laid.

It is unacceptable to install the same vapor-tight (“non-breathing”) material from the side of the street as from the inside (the so-called vapor barrier), since in this case the insulated structure would become insulated. The fact is that in an isolated space, air also moves “from heat to cold”, but at the same time it does not have the opportunity to go towards the ventilated gap. With the advancement of air towards the outer skin and simultaneous cooling inside the heat insulator, active condensation of moisture occurs, which eventually freezes into ice. As a result, the thermal insulation material loses most of its effectiveness. With the advent of the warm season, the ice will melt, and the entire structure will inevitably begin to rot.

Summarizing all of the above, we can formulate the following basic condition for the successful operation of an insulated wall structure: the thermal insulation must remain sufficiently dry, regardless of the season and weather conditions. Due to the fulfillment of this requirement, the presence of a vapor barrier on the side of the room and a wind barrier on the side of the ventilated gap is ensured.

The design and order of its installation of the crate will mainly depend on the material that will be used as a protective screen. For example, the process of installing the batten for laying insulation, followed by the installation of siding, looks something like this. On the outer surface of the wall, vertical wooden beams pre-treated with an antiseptic composition are fixed - their thickness is 50 mm, and the width should exceed the thickness of the plates of the selected insulation. For example, with a thermal insulation thickness of 80 mm, the thickness of the frame bars should be at least 100-110 mm - this is necessary to ensure an air gap. The step of the crate should be selected in accordance with the width of the insulation boards. The latter fit into the grooves between the bars and are additionally attached to the load-bearing wall by means of anchors. The number of anchors per 1 m2 of insulation is determined in accordance with the density (and hence strength) of the selected insulation and can vary between 4-8 pieces. A windproof layer is mounted on top of the insulation, and only then siding (see Fig.).

Of course, this is the simplest, but by no means the best scheme, since during its implementation there are still so-called cold bridges (zones with much lower thermal resistance than the insulation), which in this case are the crate bars. From a thermotechnical point of view, the installation scheme is much more efficient, in which the insulation layer is divided into two equal parts (for example, with the required thickness of 100 mm, two plates 50 mm thick are used) and each of these layers is laid with its own crate. In the latter case, the bars of the crate of the upper layer are stuffed perpendicular to the bars of the bottom. Of course, the creation of such a structure is a more time-consuming process, but there are practically no "cold bridges" in it. In conclusion, it remains to close the insulation with a layer of wind insulation, securing it with vertical bars, and mount the same siding already on them (see Fig.).

As already noted, vapor barrier materials are used in insulated wall structures as an “internal” protection of thermal insulation materials. When choosing one or another specific material, they are usually guided by the principle: the higher the value of the resistance to vapor permeability of the material (Rn), the better.

Vapor barrier materials are sold in rolls and can be mounted both horizontally and vertically on the inside of the building envelope close to the thermal insulation. The connection to the elements of the supporting structure is carried out either with staples of a mechanical stapler, or with galvanized nails with a flat head. It should be borne in mind that water vapor has a sufficiently high diffusion (penetrating) ability, and therefore the vapor barrier must be created in the form of a continuous screen, which means that the tightness of the seams is a prerequisite. Among other things, it is necessary to carefully monitor that the film remains intact.

Seams have been sealed for a long time using butyl rubber joint tapes with adhesive layers on both sides, or by laying "strips" of vapor barrier material overlapping with fixation along the seam with a counter beam.

When we are dealing with ceilings of residential spaces, attic superstructures and rooms with high humidity, it is required to provide a gap of 2-5 cm between the vapor barrier and the material of the inner lining, which should prevent its moisture.

Presently Russian market building materials, offers to create a vapor barrier vapor barrier materials from such manufacturers as: JUTA (Czech Republic) - Jutafol N/Al; TEGOLA (Italy) - Bar line; ELTETE (Finland) - line Re-Rar 125, ICOPAL (Finland) - Ventitek, Ventitek Plus, Elbotek 350 White, Elbotek 350 Alu, Alupap 125, Elkatek 150, Elkatek 130; MONARFLEX (Denmark) - Polykraft and some others.

Wind-insulating materials are used in wall structures (including systems of ventilated facades), performing the function of external protection of heat-insulating materials. The main task of these materials is to keep moisture and wind out of the insulation layer, while not preventing water vapor from escaping from it.

When choosing wind-insulating materials, it is important to take into account that the vapor permeability resistance of a multilayer building envelope should decrease in the direction of water vapor movement - “from heat to cold”. That is, the lower the vapor permeability resistance value of the selected material (Rn), the lower the probability of water vapor condensation inside the insulated structure. True, when following this principle, there is a risk of overdoing it. As the practice of installing ventilated facades shows, the vapor permeability of windproof materials in the range of 150-300 g / (m2-day) is quite sufficient, and their price is adequate for the wave (about 0.5 cu / m2). As for the use of superdiffusion materials (their vapor permeability exceeds 1000 g / (m2-day)), in this case they will not contribute anything fundamentally different to the work of the structure, but the cost of the structure will increase markedly, since the prices for such materials exceed 1 cu . e./m2.

Installation of windproof materials is carried out on the outer side of the enclosing structure close to the thermal insulation. The material can be laid both horizontally and vertically. The overlap between the sheets (width) must be at least 150 mm. It is extremely important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for installation and installation and in no case confuse front side from the wrong side. The latter has great importance due to the fact that many vapor barrier materials have one-sided vapor conductivity, and if the sides are mixed up, the insulated structure will turn into an isolated one, which is detrimental to it.

During installation, the sheets of windproof material are pre-fixed with galvanized stainless nails with a wide head, or special brackets with a pitch of 200 mm are suitable for this purpose. The final fastening is carried out using a beam with a section of 50 x 50 mm, nailed with galvanized nails 100 mm long with an interval of 300-350 mm.

Then the installation of the facing material is carried out.

At the moment, to create a wind barrier, the Russian market offers vapor barrier materials from such manufacturers as: JUTA (Czech Republic) - Jutafol D, Jutakon, Jutavek; DUPONT (Switzerland) - Tyvek series membranes; MONARFLEX (Denmark) - Monarflex BM 310, Monarperm 450, Difofol Super; ELTETE (Finland) - Elkatek SD, Elwitek 4400, Elwitek 5500, Bitupap 125, Bitukrep 125, etc.

Insulation of a stone (brick) wall

Warming with further plastering

For these purposes, the so-called contact facade thermal insulation systems are used (Fig. 40). There are a great many options for such systems: Tex-Color, Heck, Loba, Ceresit (Germany), "Termoshuba" (Belarus), (USA), TsNIIEP housing systems (RF), "Fur coat-plus", etc. In such systems, constructive solutions differ in the type of insulation used and the methods of its fastening. As well as the thickness and composition of the protective and adhesive layers, the type of reinforcing mesh, etc. The insulation schemes offered by each of them are similar in many respects: adhesive or mechanical fastening of the insulation with the help of anchors, dowels and frames to the existing wall with further coating of its protective ( but necessarily vapor-permeable) layer of plaster (for example, in the Dryvit system, acrylic plaster is most often used).

A dry, strong and clean non-plastered or plastered brick, concrete or foam-gas concrete facade wall can serve as a base. Significant unevenness should be eliminated with cement or lime-cement mortar. When the surface of a brick wall does not need to be hardened with a primer, you can do without it for all other types of primer bases.

The order of work is approximately the following. The function of the support for the first row of thermal insulation material can be performed by the protruding edge of the foundation or the edge of the concrete floor slab. If there is none, then with the help of dowels a false support is installed - a wooden or metal support rail (the wooden one is removed immediately before plastering). The consumption of glue, for example, for brickwork will be from 3.5 to 5 kg / m2, which directly depends on how even the base is. The slabs are laid, as when laying bricks - closely to each other with "bandaging of the seams".

It must be said that the gluing procedure for facades of a small area is by and large not necessary - glue is needed only to hold the insulation boards on the facade until they are mechanically fixed to the load-bearing wall.
-It is necessary to fix the insulation boards mechanically, for example, this can be done using plastic expansion dowels with a stainless metal rod. The number of dowels depends on the type of insulation used, for example, for expanded polystyrene, it should be at least 6 per 1 m2. The fixing depth of the dowels at the base of the wall must be at least 50 mm.

Work is carried out 2-3 days after gluing. Corners and edges of windows and door slopes reinforced with special corner profiles made of perforated aluminum or plastic. After that, you can start applying the main plaster layer. If it is planned to make a small layer of plaster (within 12 mm in the case of using a dense mineral insulation), you can use a plasticized alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, with a thicker layer (2-3 cm in the case of using polystyrene foam) it is better to use a metal mesh (see Fig.).

Apply plaster in two layers. A thicker layer is laid first - strips of reinforcing mesh are pressed into it. This is done so that the mesh, and hence the plaster, perceives temperature and other loads as best as possible, it should be located in the outer third of the thickness of the plaster layer, and not at the very surface of the heat-insulating coating. The second put a thinner layer of plaster - immediately after pressing the mesh into the bottom layer. Both in width and length, the mesh strips overlap by 10-20 cm, and at the corners of the building they are bent with an overlap.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that both the same mortar and different ones can be used for gluing insulating boards and making the main plaster. For example, for gluing - Ispo Kleber Mortar, and for plastering - Ispos No. 1 Verbundmortel for a thin layer, or Ispo SL 540 Armierungs-Leichtputz for a thick layer. Also, compounds reinforced with microfibers are suitable for plastering, which will give them additional strength and reduce the likelihood of cracks (one of these is Jubizol Lepilna Malta, produced by JUB, Slovenia).

When the plaster dries, you can proceed to the final finish. At this stage of work, the choice will largely depend on your preferences: plaster treated with a roller, spatula, spray; "brushed" plaster, with "oak bark" rubbing, etc.; With its further painting or simply painting the main plaster layer after puttying (see Fig.).

With the method described above, there is no need to use vapor barrier and wind barrier materials. The vapor barrier will be replaced directly by the supporting structure itself - it has a sufficiently high coefficient of resistance to vapor permeability, and the wind barrier will replace the layer of vapor-permeable plaster. Small amounts of water vapor that nevertheless got inside the wall will be freely removed to the outside through the plaster and the insulation layer.

Ventilated gap design

By and large, this insulation option is something in between the options already discussed above for a wooden and stone house with further plastering. Although the insulation in this case is not glued, but is attached to the facade with dowels. After that, its surface is covered with a windproof material, and a ventilated gap is arranged, which from the outside will have to cover a protective and decorative screen. As in the previous case, there is no need to use vapor barrier materials (Fig. 43).

The hinged facade can be mounted both on a wooden crate and on a metal one. Metal profiles and other elements that allow you to quickly and fairly easily carry out such installation are now offered in large quantities by many companies - for example, such as METAL PROFIL.

The main advantage of this insulation scheme is that its fastening can be carried out at negative temperatures (there are no so-called wet processes). However, the system has its limitations in application for buildings with complex architecture, as well as in cases where an accurate reproduction of the original appearance of the facade is required.

In low-rise construction, it is best to use decorative protective screens with additional sources of air convection feeding on the surface of the screen. In reality, they are made in the form of slotted air intakes, which are molded during the production of facade elements. A classic example is the now popular plastic siding with perforations at the bottom of the panels. The same screen can be mounted using ARDOGRES facing tiles - during installation, a technological gap of 10 by 160 mm is formed under each tile.

The problem of home insulation arose, perhaps, simultaneously with the birth of the art of construction itself. It is known that already in the Stone Age primitive people they built dugouts, because they knew that by covering the house on top with a layer of loose earth, you can make it warmer. Modern building science offers us a variety of materials that can make a home cozy and warm, without spending extra work and money.

One of the most important tasks of energy-saving buildings is the preservation of heat in cold weather, which in Russia can make up most of the year. Competent thermal insulation of walls, roofs and communications is important in terms of energy saving, which leads to large savings in financial resources spent on housing maintenance.

Thermal insulation of private residential buildings should begin at the construction stage and be comprehensive - from the foundation and walls to the roof.

The greatest effect of energy saving is achieved through the use of modern mineral and organic heaters. These include: mineral wool, basalt slabs, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, fiberglass and many others that have different thermal conductivity coefficients that affect the thickness of the thermal insulation.

Energy-saving structures must, firstly, be strong, rigid and take loads, that is, be a load-bearing structure, and secondly, they must protect the interior from rain, heat, cold and other atmospheric influences, that is, they must have low thermal conductivity, be waterproof and frost-resistant.

In nature, there is no material that would satisfy all these requirements. For rigid structures, metal, concrete or brick are ideal materials. Only effective insulation is suitable for thermal insulation, for example, mineral (stone) wool. Therefore, in order for the enclosing structure to be strong and warm, a composition or a combination of at least two materials is used - structural and heat-insulating.

The composite enclosing structure can be presented in the form of several different systems:

1. Rigid frame with filling of the interframe space with effective insulation;

2. A rigid enclosing structure (for example, a brick or concrete wall), insulated from the side of the interior - the so-called internal insulation;

3. Two rigid plates and an effective insulation between them, for example, "well" brickwork, reinforced concrete sandwich panel, etc.;

4. A thin enclosing structure (wall) with insulation on the outside - the so-called external insulation.


The use of one or another system of enclosing structure is determined by the design features of the building being modernized and technical and economic calculations based on the reduced costs.

The cost of insulating 1 m 2 of the outer wall ranges from $ 15 to $ 50, excluding the cost of filled window blocks, modernization of ventilation and heating systems. Nevertheless, the potential for energy savings in the operation of the existing housing stock is quite large and amounts to about 50%.

Each of these designs has its own advantages and disadvantages, and its choice depends on many factors, including local conditions.

The fourth type of building insulation (external insulation) seems to be the most effective, which, along with disadvantages, of course, has a number of significant advantages, namely:

Reliable protection against adverse external influences, daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations, which lead to uneven deformation of the walls, causing cracks, opening of seams, peeling of plaster;

The impossibility of the formation of any surface flora on the wall surface due to excess moisture and ice formed in the thickness of the wall, as a result of condensation moisture coming from the interior, and moisture that has penetrated into the array of enclosing structures due to damage to the surface protective layer ;

Prevention of the enclosing structure from cooling to the dew point temperature and, accordingly, the formation of condensate on the internal surfaces;

Reducing the noise level in isolated rooms;

No dependence of air temperature during indoor areas from the orientation of the building, that is, from heating by the sun's rays or cooling by the wind.

To eliminate heat losses in old buildings, we have developed and are implementing various projects thermotechnical reconstruction and insulation, for example, the so-called thermal coat, which is a multilayer structure made of various materials.

Wall insulation.

Most of the heat is lost through the walls of the house. On average, every square meter ordinary wall 150-160 kW of thermal energy can be lost per year. Therefore, the insulation of the outer walls of the building leads to the following, undoubtedly, positive aspects: saving time and money for space heating; additional strengthening of the structure of the house; increasing the design options for building facades through the use of various materials.

Today, no one builds houses with thick walls - the problem of energy saving is approached differently.

First you need to figure out which part of the wall is advisable to insulate - internal or external. If you insulate the inner surface of the wall, then condensation may fall under the insulation layer, which will lead to the formation of a fungus, and the moisture accumulated in the pores of the wall when freezing will gradually destroy the wall, which will subsequently lead to the need for repair. Therefore, it is advisable to insulate a residential building from the outside.

The following heaters are most often used as external thermal insulation:

- expanded clay, which is fired clay foamed by a special method - a fairly cheap, affordable and durable insulation used as a filler of voids and in the form of backfill;

Basalt fiber - characterized by high mechanical strength, fire resistance and biological stability;

Foamed polyethylene is a very effective and durable insulation, which, due to its cellular structure, has high heat and waterproofing properties;

Polyurethane foam is an infusible heat-insulating plastic obtained by mixing two components and is characterized by high price and durability.

Apply various ways external, or facade, insulation:

Wet method;

Dry method;

Ventilated facade system.

Wet, or plaster, the method is most suitable for owners of suburban housing. Its execution technology is as follows: first of all, to enhance the adhesion of the adhesive to the wall and to bind dust particles, the surface of the wall is primed. Then, using cement-adhesive mortars, a heater is glued to the wall, which is additionally fixed to the wall with dowels with a dished head. A reinforced fiberglass mesh is glued on top of the insulation on the same adhesive solution, which is necessary to prevent the plaster from cracking. A layer of decorative plaster is applied over the mesh.

The dry method is the sheathing of the walls of the house with siding or clapboard. The sheathing technology is quite simple, although there are some subtleties. A crate of bars is attached to the wall of the house, the thickness of which should correspond to the thickness of the insulation, and the bars themselves should be stuffed onto the wall in increments equal to the width of the insulation sheet. Then the insulation is inserted into the crate and fixed to the wall with glue or dish-shaped dowels. From above, the insulation is closed with a diffusion membrane, which allows the steam and moisture that forms under the insulation at the temperature boundary to be removed to the outside, but does not allow moisture from the outside to penetrate into the house. The membrane is attached to the crate with a stapler. To form a ventilation gap, bars are sewn on top, along which siding is already being sheathed.

The ventilated facade system consists of a substructure, on which a protective and decorative coating is attached - aluminum panels, steel cladding components, porcelain stoneware, etc. The system is designed in such a way that there is a gap between the protective lining and the insulation layer, in which, due to the pressure difference, an air flow is formed, which is not only an additional buffer in the way of cold, but also provides ventilation of the inner layers and removal of moisture from the structure. Insulation of a residential building using such a system is the most expensive, but at the same time, tangible savings can be achieved on air conditioning and heating systems.

Warming the premises from the inside has both positive and negative sides. The pluses include the fact that in this case it is not necessary to change the design of the building, you can work at any time of the year and not all areas of the premises will be insulated, but only the most vulnerable places. Cons - a decrease in the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises and an increase in the likelihood of condensation in the cold season.

One of the weak points in the thermal insulation system of the house can be called windows and entrance doors. Competent door insulation can reduce the heat loss of the room by 25-30%. The choice of high-quality insulation for front door is the key to success in the fight for energy savings.

Most of the heat loss comes from poor-quality abutment of the door leaf to the hatch when closing. Cold masses of outside air get into the formed, invisible to the naked eye gaps inside the room. In particular, this is inherent in wooden doors and is due to the lack of reliable seals. Due to the fact that the tree tends to change its geometric dimensions (dries out, swells), materials are needed to ensure reliable sealing of the door porch.

Foam seals are the most affordable and cheapest, but this material cannot be called the best choice. Foam rubber itself is short-lived, it is very sensitive to moisture. On a heavily used door, its use is undesirable. It can be used, for example, on balcony door, provided that it will rarely open during the winter.

At present, self-adhesive profiled rubber seals are widely used, which are more durable and reliable, which is quite suitable for entrance doors. During installation, the thickness of the seal must be taken into account, as If an excessively thick seal is used, it may be difficult to close the door.

Almost the only way to insulate a wooden door is its upholstery. In this case, wool, foam rubber and isolon are usually used as heaters.

Vata has been losing its positions significantly lately. Despite good thermal insulation properties, its use is mainly due to tradition, since until recently cotton wool was practically the only thermal insulation material. At least two significant drawbacks should be noted. Firstly, cotton wool quickly rolls down the door leaf and shifts down, and secondly, it is a fertile habitat for various pests that can cause irreparable harm to a wooden structure.

Foam rubber is an artificial material often used as a heat insulator. The main disadvantage is the fragility - under the influence of moisture, it decomposes within two to three years, so its use is advisable in dry indoor areas.

Isolon is a modern heat-insulating material, which, despite the higher cost, is most optimally suited for door insulation. This flexible polyethylene foam is available in a wide range of thicknesses and densities and is characterized by durability and high thermal and acoustic insulation.

The use of mineral heaters is impractical, since they will not be able to maintain volume under the influence of the outer skin.

As an upholstery material, depending on taste and financial capabilities, leather, dermantin and various types of leather substitutes are used.

Insulation for a metal front door is also diverse. Standard metal doors usually shipped without internal insulation. As internal insulation materials, mineral insulation and foam plastic, both extruded and non-extruded, are usually used.

Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene) has a slight hygroscopicity and low thermal conductivity. Extruded foam also does not burn.

Mineral insulation - fireproof, provides reliable heat and sound insulation. It is desirable to use a material with a high density.

The existing choice of heaters can significantly reduce heat loss and contribute to solving the problem of energy saving.

Characteristics of heaters. The main purpose of the insulation is to “help” the structural materials of walls, roofs, floors of the house to maintain a constant temperature inside the room, i.e. do not let cold (or, conversely, heat) into the house, and do not let heat (coolness) out of it. Therefore, the main characteristic of the insulation is the resistance to heat transfer (thermal resistance), which depends on the composition and structure of the material.

In addition to resistance to heat transfer, all types of insulation have other characteristics that are important for installation and subsequent operation:

Hydrophobicity - the ability of a heater to get wet or absorb water into itself or, conversely, repel it. Thermal conductivity also depends on the degree of hydrophobicity, because. The thermal conductivity of water is much higher than that of air. For example, a mineral plate, when absorbing about 5% of moisture, reduces its ability to resist heat transfer by 2 times;

Fire resistance - the ability to resist high temperatures or open flames. This is a very important indicator, because. determines the scope of a particular insulation and structural features of the house;

Other indicators: durability, resistance to mechanical stress, chemical resistance, environmental friendliness, density, sound insulation, etc.

Types of heaters.

Depending on the characteristics, all types of heaters can be divided into the following types:

Loose (slag, expanded clay, vermiculite, etc.) - exist in the form of small pieces or granules that are poured into voids in walls or ceilings. The voids between the granules determine the resistance to heat transfer. They are cheap, but short-lived (compress or collapse over time), absorb water well (hydrophilic), so their use is limited - usually it is filling a basement or attic floor;

Roll materials - usually consist of wool of inorganic origin (glass wool, mineral or basalt wool) or soft organic material (penofol), which is characterized by high resistance to heat transfer. It is used everywhere, both for vertical, and for horizontal surfaces. The combination of "hydrophobicity / fire resistance" varies depending on the material: mineral wool does not burn, but easily absorbs moisture, and organic - water-repellent, but combustible material;

Board materials - in their manufacture, again, mineral wool, organic materials (polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, polystyrene) or wood chips (fiberboard, wood-cement boards) are used. They have a high degree of rigidity, therefore, they are mainly used for structural insulation of walls and ceilings;

Materials based on cellular concrete (foam concrete, gas silicate blocks, etc.) They are distinguished by high hardness and strength, which allows them to be used also as structural materials. However, cellular concretes are highly susceptible to moisture and, when wet, quickly collapse, therefore they can only be used in combination with other heaters;

Foamy - a relatively new class of insulation. Usually this is an organic substance (polyurethane foam or others), which is supplied to the facility under construction in the form of liquid foam and applied directly to the surface to be insulated or into voids. Within a few minutes, the foam hardens, forming a relatively rigid porous material. They are characterized by fairly good thermal and waterproofing characteristics.

Roof insulation. Up to 10% of heat escapes through the roof of a building, so its insulation is also important for energy saving of the whole house.

When warming flat roofs high demands are placed on thermal insulation in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity and low specific gravity. These requirements are largely met by extruded polystyrene foam boards. They are successfully used on all types of flat roofs: exploited and non-exploited, lightweight and traditional. Another important property of this material is its low water absorption, which positively affects the stability of its thermal insulation qualities.

On pitched roofs, all the same insulation materials can be used as for walls.

Polyurethane foam as a modern heat-insulating building material can be used for thermal insulation:

Joints of external walls;

Gaps between window and door blocks;

The floor of the first floor;

Ceilings over unheated rooms;

outer walls;

Roofs (especially those roofs, the loads on which should be minimal).

Two methods of polyurethane foam roof insulation are offered:

Laying of insulating boards made of rigid polyurethane foam with a stepped seam;

Spraying polyurethane foam directly onto the roof surface.

The second method is considered the most promising (Fig. 4.32.).

The main idea of ​​this approach is that, in addition to spraying thermal insulation, the roof is sealed, while in the case of a conventional flat roof, several layers of different materials would have to be laid that perform different functions. When reconstructing roofs, thermal insulation by spraying with polyurethane foam can be applied even without prior dismantling of the roof.

Figure 4.32. Polyurethane foam spraying

The temperature resistance of sprayed materials for flat roofs ranges from -60 to +120 ºС, water absorption by the material is about 2% by volume. Practice shows that after continuous intense rain (8 hours), water does not penetrate deep into the polyurethane foam coating. The thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam coating lies in the range of 0.023-0.03 W / (m? K).

When using rigid polyurethane foam, a crust forms on its outer surface, which, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, becomes brown over time, while the mechanical properties of the polyurethane foam coating do not change.

To improve weather resistance, the outer surface of the polyurethane foam must be protected from ultraviolet radiation either by painting or by filling with gravel at least 5 cm thick.

Warming of communications.

In addition to walls and roofs, for the best energy saving of the building, it is necessary to insulate communication systems building. supply system cold water and sewerage must be protected from freezing, pipes with hot water- to reduce heat loss. Modern heat-insulating materials for pipes can effectively solve this problem.

There are many solutions for thermal insulation, all of which depend on the operating conditions of the pipeline.

The most common types of thermal insulation are:

Foamed polyethylene insulation is the most democratic and cheap material. Is issued in the form of pipes with a diameter from 8 to 28 mm. Installation does not cause any difficulties: the workpiece is simply cut along longitudinal seam and put on the pipe. To increase the heat-insulating properties, this seam, as well as transverse joints, are glued with a special tape. It is used in domestic conditions for thermal insulation of all types of pipelines, even in freezing equipment;

Styrofoam, better known as Styrofoam. Insulation from this material in everyday life is called a shell (due to the design features). It is made in the form of two halves of a pipe, connected by means of a spike and a groove. Billets of various diameters are produced, with a length of about 2 m. Due to its properties, it retains performance for up to 50 years. Differs in high thermal stability both in the conditions of high, and negative temperatures. A type of foam is penoizol - it has the same specifications, but differs in the method of laying. Penoizol is a liquid heat insulator that is applied by spraying, which makes it possible to obtain sealed surfaces;

Mineral wool. These thermal insulation materials for pipes are characterized by increased fire resistance and fire safety. Got wide application when insulating chimneys, pipelines, the temperature of which reaches 600-700 ºС. Insulation with mineral wool of large volumes is unprofitable due to the high cost of the material.

There are alternative ways to reduce heat loss, for which, perhaps, the future:

Pre-isolation. It consists in the processing of pipe blanks with polyurethane foam in the factory, at the production stage. The pipe comes to the consumer already protected from possible heat losses. During installation, it remains to insulate only the joints of the pipes;

Paint with thermal insulation properties. A relatively recent development of scientists. It contains various fillers that give unique properties. Even a thin layer of such paint is able to provide thermal insulation, which is achieved by a large volume of foam, mineral wool and other materials. Easily applied to the surface, allows you to process communications even in hard-to-reach places. Among other things, it has anti-corrosion properties.

Modern heat-insulating materials are used on various pipeline lines. They are capable of operating both at high temperatures and in extremely harsh permafrost conditions.

The use of thermal insulation allows you to achieve the following results:

Reduction of thermal energy leakage on heating and hot water supply lines;

Protection of various pipelines from freezing under conditions of negative temperatures;

Extending the service life of networks by reducing the aggressive impact of the environment;

AT refrigeration units and air conditioning systems, a significant reduction in the cost of maintaining the required temperature;

Reducing the risk of injury and burns from contact with hot or cold surfaces.

The use of high-quality thermal insulation of pipelines allows you to increase the period of trouble-free operation of communications and pays off within several years of operation.

Thermal bridges. Thermal insulation measures are effective only in cases where the absence of thermal bridges and leaky joints is ensured.

By "thermal bridges" are meant such weak links in thermal insulation through which, due to geometrical features or design flaws, a large amount of heat leaks through areas of a small area.

Geometric thermal bridges appear, for example, not only in bay windows and dormer windows but also in the area of ​​the outer edges of the building.

Structural thermal bridges appear, first of all, at the junctions of various structural elements and at the intersection lines of their surfaces. During reconstruction, they should be eliminated whenever possible, and when new structural elements are added, they should be avoided.

The better the surface of a structural element of a building is thermally insulated, the stronger the effect of thermal bridges is manifested. This effect leads not only to unwanted heat leakage, but also to damage to the building if the thermal bridges are on cold surfaces, since moisture condensation and mold formation occur in this place.

To avoid thermal bridges, the following measures must be taken:

Thermal insulation should be installed tightly so as to avoid leaks, and special attention should be paid to the insulation of joints where structural elements are connected to each other or pass through each other;

Interpenetrating and protruding structural elements (for example, balcony slabs) must in any case be covered with insulating material on all sides;

Supporting structures subjected to increased thermal stress (made of steel, concrete or wood) must be provided with additional thermal insulation.

  • evens out the temperature fluctuations of the main mass of the wall, which eliminates the appearance of cracks in it due to uneven temperature deformations, which is especially important for external walls made of large panels.

Wall insulation is carried out both outside and inside the building.

The device of additional thermal insulation outside the building:

  • protects the wall from variable freezing and thawing and other atmospheric influences;
  • evens out the temperature fluctuations of the main mass of the wall, which eliminates the appearance of cracks in it due to uneven temperature deformations, which is especially important for external walls made of large panels. The above factors favor an increase in the durability of the bearing part of the outer wall;
  • shifts the dew point to the outer heat-insulating layer, thereby eliminating the dampening of the inner part of the wall;
  • creates a favorable mode of operation of the wall according to the conditions of its vapor permeability, eliminating the need for a special vapor barrier, including on window slopes, which is required in the case of internal thermal insulation;
  • creates a more favorable microclimate of the room;
  • allows in some cases to improve the design of the facades of reconstructed or repaired buildings;
  • does not reduce the area of ​​premises.

If, with external thermal insulation, heat losses through heat-conducting inclusions decrease with a thickening of the insulation layer and in some cases they can be neglected, then with internal thermal insulation Negative influence of these inclusions increases with an increase in the thickness of the insulation layer.

Another advantage of external thermal insulation is the increase in the heat storage capacity of the massive part of the wall. With external thermal insulation of brick walls, when the heat source is turned off, they cool down 6 times slower than walls with internal thermal insulation with the same thickness of the insulation layer.

This feature of external thermal insulation can be used to save energy in systems with controlled heat supply, including due to its periodic shutdown, as well as in stove heating, which is very important for individual houses. The heat storage capacity of massive walls insulated from the outside can also be effectively used in the passive use of solar energy in the case of significant translucent fences, which can provide up to 12-15% savings in thermal resources for the central and southern regions. When the premises are oriented to the south, heat savings can increase up to 18-25%.

It is permissible to use internal thermal insulation only if it is impossible to use external insulation with mandatory calculation and verification of the annual balance of moisture accumulation in the structure or in temporary residence buildings.

Prior to the installation of external insulation of buildings, it is necessary to conduct a survey of the state of facade surfaces with an assessment of their strength, evenness, the presence of cracks, etc., since the order and volume depend on this preparatory work, and determination of design parameters, for example, the depth of insertion of dowels in the thickness of the wall.

CLASSIFICATION OF EXTERNAL INSULATION SYSTEMS

The applied systems of external insulation of building walls can be divided into:

  • insulation systems with facade plastering;
  • insulation systems with a protective and decorative screen;
  • insulation systems with brick lining or other small-piece materials;
  • low-rise insulation systems wooden houses.

Insulation systems with facade plastering provide for adhesive or mechanical fixing of the insulation with the help of anchors, dowels and frames to the existing wall, followed by coating it with plaster layers.

In addition to the general requirement for reliable fastening of the system to the existing wall, in this insulation system, the requirement for the vapor permeability of the covering plaster layers is mandatory under the conditions of the annual balance of moisture accumulation.

Insulation systems with a protective and decorative screen, due, as a rule, to its insufficient vapor permeability, are performed with an air ventilated gap between the insulation and the screen, the so-called ventilated facade.

For the manufacture of screens, metal (steel or aluminum), asbestos cement, fiberglass concrete, plastics and other materials are used.

Insulation systems lined with bricks or other small-sized materials have sufficient vapor permeability and do not require a mandatory ventilated air gap. Due to various mechanical and temperature-humidity deformations of the main wall and facing brick layer, the height of the latter is limited to 2-3 floors.

Insulation of the walls of low-rise wooden houses can be performed using any of the above systems.

INSULATION SYSTEMS WITH FACADE PLASTERING

Depending on the thickness of the facade plaster layers, two types of system devices are used: rigid and flexible (movable or hinged) fasteners (brackets, anchors). The first is used with a plaster layer thickness of 8-12 mm. In this case, the temperature and humidity deformations of thin layers of plaster do not cause cracking, and the weight load can be taken up by rigid fasteners working on transverse bending and stretching from wind suction.

With a significant thickness of the plaster layer of 20-30 mm, flexible fasteners are used that do not interfere with temperature and humidity deformations and perceive only tensile stresses, ensuring the transfer of loads from the weight of the plaster layers through the insulation boards to the existing wall of the building.

The insulation system with rigid fasteners provides for the device of an adhesive (adhesive) layer, 2-5 mm thick, and with an uneven base - 5-10 mm, with which the base is leveled and the insulation boards are glued (in particular, mounting).

Since the thickness of the plaster does not exceed 10-12 mm, in this system, for reasons of fire safety, it is necessary to use heaters made of non-combustible materials, such as mineral wool boards.

Insulation plates are additionally fixed to the wall to be insulated using screw-in universal fasteners, consisting of polymer dowels, screw rods made of corrosion-resistant steel and polymer or metal washers of large diameter (up to 140 mm). A base layer of plaster 3-5 mm thick, similar to the adhesive layer, is applied to the insulation boards fixed to the wall, and a reinforcing polymer mesh or fiberglass mesh made of alkali-resistant glass is embedded into it. An intermediate primer layer of a special composition 2-4 mm thick is applied to the base layer for its better adhesion to the covering (finishing), matching the color of the layers and increasing the water resistance of the plaster. The finishing layer is a three-dimensionally colored plaster mass with grains of various sizes. Depending on this, the thickness of the finishing layer can be 3-5 mm. The total thickness of the plaster layers, as a rule, does not exceed 12 mm.

For the device of plaster layers, compositions based on mineral and polymeric materials are used. At the same time, these plasters must be sufficiently vapor-permeable, but durable and waterproof, and also have the necessary decorative properties.

The mineral composition may include white limestone hydrate, white cement, selected quartz sand and special additives. Colored plasters also contain lightfast dry pigments.

In addition to these components, this insulation system provides for the use of additional fasteners in the form of various metal profiles, corners and strips protected from corrosion.

The insulation system with flexible fasteners includes a heat-insulating layer of insulation boards of the required thickness, fixed dry to the wall to be insulated by pinning them on flexible brackets, as well as fixing them with a reinforcing metal mesh and studs, followed by coating with two or three layers of plaster.

Materials such as expanded polystyrene, penoizol, etc., can be used as insulation, since the thickness of the protective and decorative layers of plaster, equal to 25-30 mm, is usually sufficient to ensure the necessary fire safety. The most common use in this system as a heater is semi-rigid mineral wool boards on a sanitary binder.

Insulation plates are installed in compliance with the rules for dressing seams: horizontal displacement of seams, jagged dressing in the corners of the building, framing window openings with plates with “in place” cutouts, etc.

On the surface of the insulation boards to adhere to it and close the reinforcing mesh, studs and flexible brackets, a layer of "splash" 7-8 mm thick is applied from a mortar mixture on a cement-lime binder. After hardening (setting) of the “spray” layer, a primer layer 10 mm thick is applied to it, which protects the plates from atmospheric influences and metal parts from corrosion.

The finishing of the plinth is made of materials of increased strength and decorativeness, allowing them to be cleaned and washed, for example, from facing bricks, natural or artificial slabs, ceramic tiles etc.

The advantage of the system is that pilasters, belts, cornices, and similar architectural details can be made on the facade, greatly enriching the appearance of the building.

INSULATION SYSTEMS WITH A PROTECTIVE SCREEN ("VENTILATED FACADE")

In these systems, due to ventilation, the moisture content of the insulation and the existing wall is reduced, which helps to increase the overall thermal resistance of the wall and improve the temperature and humidity conditions of the room. as well as increasing air exchange through the outer wall.

The protective screen not only protects the insulation from mechanical damage, atmospheric precipitation, as well as wind and radiation erosion, but also allows you to give the facades a variety of expressiveness through the use various types designs, shapes, textures and colors of finishing of facing elements. At the same time, it becomes possible to easily repair and update facades.

As a heater, it is advisable to use fire-resistant semi-rigid mineral wool boards, the characteristics and thicknesses of which are determined by calculation depending on the characteristics of existing walls and local climatic conditions.

All metal fasteners (including anchors, screws and nails) must be made of corrosion-resistant steel, all wooden frame elements must be antiseptic and flame retardant. For fastening a wooden frame, it is advisable to use metal corners.

The choice of one or another type of cladding, insulation and fastening design is determined by a whole range of factors, both objective (natural and climatic conditions, type of walls, physical and mechanical characteristics of the walls, elements of the lining of fasteners and insulation), and subjective (aesthetic qualities of screens and conjugation ).

WALL INSULATION SYSTEM FOR WOODEN HOUSES

The most common are log, cobbled and panel (frame) wooden houses.

Before the start of insulation, chopped log and block walls must be re-caulked in the seams, filling the grooves with heat-insulating materials: felt, tow, hemp or lime-gypsum mortar. The joints and seams of window frames and walls in panel houses are also carefully caulked, using gypsum mortar to fix the insulation.

To reduce heat loss, as a rule, they use predominantly double wooden frame with an orthogonal arrangement of bars.

In the case of using vapor-proof materials for facade decoration (metal and plastic siding, asbestos-cement sheets etc.) it is necessary to make an air ventilated gap between the finishing layer and the insulation.

When plastering facade surfaces, to prevent cracking of the plaster, it is recommended to use reinforcing meshes made of fiberglass with a protective coating or alkali-resistant glass, synthetics or galvanized steel. Houses with walls cut from timber or logs can be finished with plaster only after the completion of sedimentary processes in the log house 3-4 years after construction.

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Building facade insulation systems that are effective for houses and apartments:

  • "BAUKOLOR A2" - a system of materials for the insulation of building facades, non-combustible mineral wool board (NG) is used as a heater. The system is applied to all classes of buildings and structures up to 75 m high.
  • "BAUKOLOR V1" - a system of materials for insulating the facades of buildings, PSB-S-F expanded polystyrene is used as a heater, fire hazard class K0.

Thermal insulation systems "BAUKOLOR A2" and "BAUKOLOR V1" combine the properties of an effective insulation and a decorative coating in the style of classic plaster facades. Thermal insulation of a house, apartment or building facades with the help of these thermal protection systems is the most optimal and perfect.

Not so long ago, few people knew what the thermal insulation of a house is and what it is intended for. However, now the insulation of premises, whether it is the thermal insulation of a house, apartment or cottage, is one of the most popular types of finishing work. Qualitatively carried out thermal insulation allows you to save on heating, creating a favorable microclimate.

Efficiency of the house facade insulation system

It is generally accepted that heat loss through external walls is approximately 40%, the rest falls on the roof, windows and foundation. On images taken with a thermal imager, you can see the difference in temperature differences in different parts of the facade of a stone building in comparison with the temperature of the street air. In especially critical places, the difference reaches 120 °C. The photographs show a panel building, insulated according to the principle of "insulation inside the building envelope" (well masonry). In such structures, the freezing zones are interfloor concrete floors. In addition to intense heat loss, condensation forms in such places, leading to corrosion in steel reinforcement, destruction of bricks, as well as the appearance of fungus and mold.


In the figure, you can see the thermal imaging of the facade of a panel building before the application of the thermal insulation system (photo on the left) and after (photo on the right). The dark uniform surface of the facade in the photograph on the right indicates the absence of cold bridges and approximately equal outdoor temperature and facade surfaces. So the effect is obvious.

Economic feasibility of insulation systems

In an environment where energy prices are characterized by a steady annual increase, significant savings on space heating in winter and air conditioning in summer are very attractive, especially for private developers.

For the implementation of projects using BauColor® products and technologies, we offer the services of our own construction division, as well as our partner organizations. We offer favorable price conditions to our customers and guarantee the high quality of work. You can get acquainted with the approximate cost of insulation using BAUKOLOR thermal insulation systems in the Price list section. You can get a more accurate calculation by filling out the form in the Cost Calculation section.

Differences between the systems "BAUKOLOR A2" and "BAUKOLOR V1"

In principle, insulation systems differ in the type of material used for thermal insulation, and, accordingly, in physical and operational properties. The BAUKOLOR A2 thermal insulation system uses mineral wool boards, for the manufacture of which rocks basalt or diabase are used (this is important, since the fiber obtained from these rocks is alkali-resistant). The BAUKOLOR V1 insulation system uses boards made of self-extinguishing expanded polystyrene. Expanded polystyrene PSB-S-25 (F) belongs to the flammability class G1–G4 according to GOST 30244-94, and its use as a heat-insulating material has certain limitations associated with the thickness of the slab, the height of the building, installation conditions, etc.

System "BAUKOLOR A2"


Application area:

The BAUKOLOR A2 thermal insulation system can be used: on buildings of 1, 2 and 3 degrees of responsibility, the height of residential buildings is up to 75 m inclusive.

Fastening.

Thermal insulation material.
As a heat-insulating material, slabs of facade expanded polystyrene grade PSB-S-25F according to GOST 15588-86, average density 15.1–18 kg / m³, flammability group G1–G4 according to GOST 30244-94 are used. The thickness of the plates is set in accordance with the project.

Reinforcement.

Final finishing.
In the "BAUKOLOR A2" insulation system, mineral plasters are used for finishing, painted with acrylic or silicone paints, as well as silicate, siloxane and silicone decorative plasters, tinted in volume.

HBW>
HBW>
HBW>40 - mineral plasters.

System "BAUKOLOR B1"

Elements of the "BAUKOLOR A2" system

Application area

The BAUKOLOR V1 thermal insulation system can be used:

  • on buildings of 1, 2 and 3 degrees of responsibility;
  • on residential buildings with a height of up to 75 m inclusive (according to SNiP 2.01.02-85 and SNiP 21-01-97);
  • operation at an average daily minimum temperature of the coldest five-day period of the year not lower than 55 ° C;
  • in dry, normal, humid climatic zones;
  • relative humidity of indoor air is not higher than 85%;
  • the maximum thickness of the insulation is 200 mm.

Mounting technology

The installation of the system is carried out in accordance with the installation instructions and the album “Systems “BAUKOLOR A2” and “BAUKOLOR V1” for external thermal insulation of building facades. Album of technical solutions for mass application. Code BK TSF2005".

Fastening
Plates made of heat-insulating material are fastened with the mineral composition OK 1000 WDVS-Spezialkleber, BauTherm SP, BauTherm AR and fixed with special facade driven or screw dowels approved for use in the system.

Thermal insulation material
As a heat-insulating material, slabs of facade expanded polystyrene grade PSB-S-25F according to GOST 15588-86, average density 15.1–18 kg/m3, flammability group G1–G4 according to GOST 30244-94 are used. The thickness of the plates is set in accordance with the project.

Reinforcement
The mineral composition "OK" 1000 WDVS-Spezialkleber, "OK" 2000 WDVS-Armierungsmortel or BauTherm AR is applied to the thermal insulation material and reinforced with an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh.

Finishing
In the thermal insulation system "BAUKOLOR V1" for the final finish, mineral plasters are used, painted with acrylic or silicone paints, acrylic, silicate and silicone decorative plasters, tinted in volume.

In thin-stucco insulation systems, restrictions on the brightness or saturation of the finish coat are adopted, regulated by the Hellbezugswert HBW whiteness index. Below are the HBW values ​​for different types of materials tinted in colors that can be used in BAUKOLOR systems:

HBW>20 - acrylic, siloxane, silicone paints and plasters;

HBW>30 - silicate paints and plasters;

HBW>40 - mineral plasters.

In the VISION 5000 color catalog, the HBW value is indicated on the reverse side of each color.

The main document authorizing the use of the system on the territory of Russia is the Technical certificate for the BAUKOLOR A2 and B1 systems of ROSSTROY No. TS-07-2123-08. According to this document, the BAUKOLOR A2 and BAUKOLOR V1 systems are designed for facade insulation: thermal insulation of the outer walls of buildings during new construction, restoration, reconstruction, capital and current repair buildings and structures for various purposes, including insulation of residential buildings, as well as thermal insulation of buildings of increased (1), normal (2) and reduced (3) levels of responsibility.

In addition to the main purpose, insulation systems allow you to solve the following tasks:

  • reduce the thickness of enclosing structures in new construction and reduce the load on the foundation;
  • protect metal from corrosion in reinforced concrete walls, eliminate the problems of repairing interpanel seams, protect against the appearance of fungus and mold by eliminating excess moisture and condensate inside the walls;
  • reduce temperature deformations of the walls;
  • eliminate efflorescence problems in brick and plaster walls;
  • reduce labor costs exterior finish during the reconstruction of buildings;
  • improve sound insulation from city noise;
  • Create a more stable and favorable moisture-thermal regime indoors.

You will find drawings and diagrams of the BAUKOLOR systems in the Technical Units section. For each specific facility where the BAUKOLOR system is used, our company's engineers develop a "Technical Regulation", which describes in detail the entire technological cycle of system installation. Schemes and drawings of the "Album of technical solutions" take into account all the structural features of the facade, and are made in AutoCad format. Interesting additions can be found in the "Frequently Asked Questions" section.

insulation

The effectiveness of the thermal resistance of the system is determined by the type and thickness of the insulation that the system is equipped with. In the BAUKOLOR A2 system, the calculated thermal conductivity coefficient of a mineral wool board is 0.042–0.047 W/(m*K), in the BAUKOLOR V1 system, the calculated thermal conductivity coefficient of PSB-S-25 is 0.037–0.045 W/(m*K).


mineral wool board
BAUKOLOR A2 - the system is equipped with mineral wool insulation with a density of 130-180 kg / m2 (Rockwool Facade Butts D, IZOVOL F, LINEROK FACADE, Paroc RAL 4; RAL 5; Nobasil TF; Izover Fasoterm PF).

PSB-S-25 (F)
BAUKOLOR B1 - the system is completed with facade expanded polystyrene with a density of 15-25 kg / m2 PSB-S-25 (F) or extruded polystyrene.

Finishing decorative plasters



Mineral "striated" and "rough":
  • Kratzputz KSL 1.5/2.0/3.0 mm
  • Rauchputz RSL 2.0/3.0 mm
Facade paints:
  • Egalisationsfarbe
  • Renovierfarbe

Finished "furrowed":
  • Rillenputz 1.5/2.0/3.0mm
  • Silikat Rillenputz 1.5/2.0/3.0 mm
  • Unisil-Putz R 1.5/2.0/3.0 mm

Finished "rough":
  • Edelputz 1.5/2.0/3.0mm
  • Silikat Kratzputz 1.5/2.0/3.0 mm
  • Unisil-Putz K 1.5/2.0/3.0 mm

During the construction and reconstruction of buildings today much attention is paid to the insulation of building facades. Energy efficiency today is not just a fashion trend, but a vital necessity. It's not only about comfort, but also about significant financial savings. Especially the lack of high-quality insulation will be felt on their wallet by the owners of buildings with autonomous heating systems, and such last years a lot appeared. Thermal insulation of facades allows you to save on fuel costs, increase the service life of load-bearing structures. External walls have a large area, it is through them that the main heat losses go. That is why they are insulated in the first place; for this, many external thermal insulation systems have been developed today.

Ventilated facade systems

Thermal insulation of building facades is carried out today most often with the use of basalt slabs. This material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, high density, durability, incombustibility. Their only drawback is the almost complete lack of external attractiveness. In addition, the plates must be protected from precipitation, wind and vandalism. That is why systems have been developed that provide a comprehensive solution to the problems of insulation and aesthetic perfection of the facade. One of them was a hinged ventilated facade. It consists of thermal insulation, in the role of which are plates based on mineral fiber, a system of guides for fastening the facade material, vapor and waterproofing. Various panel and slab materials, porcelain stoneware are used as cladding.

This facade insulation system is different simple installation, the ability to work at any time of the year. Insulation boards are attached to the wall with dish-shaped dowels, they are securely covered with a waterproofing film and do not absorb moisture, and the ventilation gap does not allow accumulation under facade material condensate.

External thermal insulation systems with surface plastering

Plaster is a popular facade material, but the need for external insulation of the building left it unattended by builders for a decade. However, manufacturers of dry building mixtures have developed systems for external thermal insulation of facades with plastering of insulation boards. For this, adhesive compositions were created that ensure the fixation of heat-insulating materials over the entire area of ​​​​the slab to the base, plasters with the required vapor permeability coefficient, and special paints. In order to prevent cracks from appearing on the plastered surface, thin reinforcing materials were created, which are distinguished by high strength and frost resistance. This is how systems of wet thermal insulation of facades appeared.

What are the advantages of thermal insulation of the facade of a house with subsequent plastering? The decorative qualities of modern plasters impress even specialists. Their range is so diverse that it is not difficult to create an exclusive facade. At the same time, one should not forget that over the decade of the reign of ventilated facades, almost all new buildings have been “dressed” in porcelain stoneware or siding. The use of plaster allows you to stand out against their background, while maintaining respectability and practicality. The only drawback is that all wet processes must be carried out at temperatures above zero, and qualified specialists who are well acquainted with this construction technology must be involved in the work.