Dangerous insects! The most dangerous insects in summer Dangerous insects in summer

22.05.2020

The summer period brings not only the joy of holidays, the opportunity to sunbathe and swim, but also high risks for children. This is due to many factors. In summer, children go to rest in children's camps, in the village to their grandmothers, go swimming in the river and play in the forest, all this, combined with high sun activity, insects and perishable food, poses various threats. Keeping children safe is the first priority for parents. Even if you send a child somewhere in the summer, then provide him with protective equipment, discuss safety precautions with him, take care of regular communication and advise those who will look after your child about the nuances of his behavior and body characteristics.

It seems that in our cruel age, not only people are warlike towards each other, but even nature shows aggression towards man. Very symbolic and makes you think deeply. However, this problem goes beyond the scope of philosophical reflections as soon as you first take your child to the forest, to the country house or go on vacation with him to another country. Snakes and ticks, incomprehensible midges, the bite of which gives a powerful allergic reaction, poisonous spiders that appeared out of nowhere. How to protect the child from the "aggressive" nature?

Nature also has its own rules. Their knowledge and implementation can prevent many problems. The very first and most important of them: "I do not touch you, and you do not touch me." Most troubles happen not because of the aggressiveness of animals and insects, but because of the curiosity and inattention of a person, or because of disrespect for the inhabitants of the forest, sea or steppe. An example of a couple more simple rules: when you go to the forest, dress appropriately yourself and dress your child in the same way. Not sure that your body perceives adequately the stings of bees - cancel the tour to the apiary.

A hat will help protect against tick bites, always wear it to your child when you go to the forest or park. Also, with a high risk of a tick bite, it is advisable to wear clothing that covers the legs and arms. Apply special means on repelling insects, but try to avoid applying poisonous sprays to the child, it is better to carry repellent wipes with you that will repel insects.

Avoid contact with wasps, bees, bumblebees and hornets, their stings are painful and can cause an allergic reaction and even cause psychological trauma to the child. Keep an insect repellent in your first aid kit.

It is possible to negotiate with nature and its inhabitants - this means respectfully and thoroughly studying those who cause us fear of danger. Their habits and way of life, their addictions and what is unpleasant or completely unacceptable for them to exist. And on the basis of this knowledge, compose a "message" - that is, perform some actions that make it clear that our neighborhood is highly undesirable. Of course, this is true when it comes to potentially dangerous animals and insects in their own right. own house. It is more difficult to “agree” in an apartment, or rather, it is almost impossible. As a rule, nature takes into account the needs and desires of people and, with the right message, restores the balance itself. But this is possible and real only if a certain space "accepted" people as its part - that is, for rural residents, and not for casual meetings with serious inhabitants of nature. What if it's not possible? Is it possible, for example, to kill a snake or another animal for the sake of self-defense and the protection of your child, pet, family? In some situation, it is not only possible, but also necessary, while understanding what you are really doing, and maintaining inner good nature, and not giving vent to primal fear, your imaginary omnipotent power and the "right" of the owner.

Mosquito- the most numerous and widespread bloodsucker.

The skin of children is quite thin, so they are more prone to mosquito bites. Mosquitoes living in central Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases. But you should be aware that mosquitoes in the Moscow region and the Moscow region can transmit imported malaria in the summer season, although such cases are very rare.

It has recently been found that mosquito saliva contains allergens that can cause both itching, redness, and various allergic reactions. With redness and itching that occurs at the site of the bite, it is necessary to wipe this place with ammonia, vodka or soda solution, put a cold compress.

In case of multiple bites, a tendency to allergic reactions, it is necessary to take an antihistamine. If the victim has swelling of the face, neck, hoarseness, difficulty breathing then you need to seek immediate medical attention. To combat mosquitoes, there are now enough means with which you can protect yourself and your child. These are repellents (creams, gels and ointments), electric fumigators, smoking coils and candles. Can be used to control mosquitoes folk remedies. It is known that mosquitoes do not tolerate the smells of tomato leaves, cloves, anise, eucalyptus, camphor, vinegar.

Mite- the most dangerous type of blood-sucking insect.

The tick bite is painless, since together with saliva it injects an anesthetic into the wound. A sucked tick, having drunk blood, increases in size by 20-25 times and takes the form of a wart. Usually, sucking adult ticks are detected by a person only after 2-3 days.

The tick can be a carrier of such serious and dangerous diseases for humans as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease (tick-borne borreliosis). Zones where natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis are present cover a significant part of the territory of Russia: the North-West region (Leningrad region, Karelia, Arkhangelsk region), the Central region (Tver, Yaroslavl, Vologda and other regions), the Urals (Sverdlovsk, Perm regions) , Southern part of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk regions), Far East(Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories).

According to epidemiologists, this summer the number of cases of tick-borne borreliosis may increase, and tick-borne encephalitis, which has not previously been encountered in this territory, may reach the Moscow Region.

Tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease begin with severe headache, photophobia, high fever, and vomiting. In addition, the muscles are very sore. An important diagnostic sign is local skin inflammation at the site of a tick bite, about 10 cm in diameter. But there is also an erased course, when the above manifestations are slightly expressed, so you should definitely contact your doctor and say that there was a tick bite. The latent period averages 7-14 days. Therefore, it is impossible to be careless about the bites of this insect, and if the symptoms described appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

If you are going to go to areas endemic for tick-borne encephalitis, you need to get a prophylactic anti-encephalitis vaccination. There is no vaccine yet for Lyme disease. You should be aware that when drinking goat or cow milk from an animal bitten by an encephalitis tick, you can also become infected with encephalitis.

While in the forest area, it is necessary to take safety measures in the form of protective clothing and repellents. To protect children, preparations with a reduced content of repellent have been developed - these are Ftalar and Efkalat creams, Pihtal and Evital colognes, Kamarant. For children from 3 years old, the use of Off-Children's and Biban-Gel creams is recommended.

Midge- These are blood-sucking dipteran insects, which do not carry much danger, but are very annoying.

By appearance they resemble small (up to 2 - 5 mm in size) flies. Midges common in Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases.

However, this does not mean that they are so harmless. The fact is that when bitten, the midge injects saliva into the wound, containing an anesthetic substance and an enzyme that prevents blood clotting. In most cases, a person or animal does not feel pain at the time of the bite. Burning appears after the insect has drunk blood. By themselves, the substances of insect saliva are foreign proteins, that is, they cause an immune response in the body of the victim: swelling develops at the site of the bite within a few minutes, and itching appears. With multiple bites, body temperature may rise.

Bite sites should not be combed, as this can introduce an infection into the wound, which will further enhance the body's immune response. With midge bites, a hot compress or taking a shower relieves itching very well. The bite site can be lubricated with a solution of soda or any anti-allergic ointment.

horsefly- this insect is quite large in size, up to 3 cm, their habitat is quite extensive, but they are especially numerous in the swampy regions of Siberia.

Causative agents of horseflies are relatively rare, but there are cases of transmission of pathogens of tularemia, anthrax and a number of other infections. The bite of a horsefly is dangerous with an infection that they can pick up by sitting, for example, on the "waste products" of animals.

On warm sunny days, large bull gadflies are more active, and on cloudy days - small dark-winged horseflies - raincoats. Favorite habitats are near water bodies. At the moment of a horsefly bite, a sharp burning sensation is felt. A white blister appears around the wound with redness, which itches. The bite site can be anointed with iodine or alcohol, apply ice. The soda solution will soothe the itching. Horseflies are attracted to dark clothing and the smell of sweat. To avoid a bite, it is necessary to treat the skin with a repellent.

biting midges- the smallest of the blood-sucking dipterans (their total body length is 1 - 3 mm) live in almost a quarter of the territory of Russia, numbering over 15 genera.

In calm weather, high humidity air midges swarm attacking all living things - from humans to amphibians. The favorite time for hunting a man is during the day. The bites of tiny bloodsuckers are usually numerous and cause very intense itching. Their saliva contains toxic substances. You can alleviate the condition by treating the bites with vodka, soda solution, cologne.

A headgear will help protect against tick bites, always wear it to the child when the children go to the forest or park. Also, with a high risk of a tick bite, it is advisable to wear clothing that covers the legs and arms. Use special insect repellants, but try to avoid spraying poisonous sprays on the child, it is better to carry insect repellant wipes with you, which will repel insects. Avoid contact with wasps, bees, bumblebees and hornets, their stings are painful and can cause an allergic reaction and even causepsychological trauma to the child. Keep an insect repellent in your first aid kit.

Memo for parents about preventive measures tick bites

While visiting the forest, it is necessary to conduct self-examinations, and even better, inspections of each other, every 10-15 minutes. Particular attention should be paid to the skin on the head, behind the ears, armpits, groin, neck. After examining the body, it is recommended to carefully examine the clothes. The place of rest (halt) should be arranged away from trees and shrubs, in a sunny and cleared place from dry grass and deadwood. Clothing should be tight-fitting to the body, trousers should be tucked into boots, stockings or socks with a tight elastic band, sleeve cuffs should fit snugly to the arm, put on a hood or tuck hair under a scarf, hat.

It is possible to use repellents (repellents) of the Deta type, an anti-tick pencil.

When working in the forest, special clothing with a hood made of dense fabric is used to protect against ticks. Elastic bands are sewn onto the sleeves and legs, with the help of which the clothes fit snugly to the hands and ankles, which prevents the tick from crawling onto the body. If you still find a sucked tick?

Most importantly, don't panic. The tick must be removed as soon as possible, trying not to tear off the proboscis immersed in the skin. The tick must be lubricated with any oil, fat, kerosene to close the tick's spiracle, wait until it suffocates, and then remove it from the body with careful, swaying movements. It is not recommended to intensively cauterize it with cologne or alcohol, this can lead to the death or drying of the tick, which will complicate its removal. The wound must be treated with iodine or alcohol. If you do not have the skills to remove a tick, you should contact your medical institution at the place of residence, in the evening, weekends and holidays - a trauma center. A removed tick must not be thrown away or crushed, it must be burned or taken to a laboratory for examination for its infestation (for a fee).

If you have not been vaccinated and have been attacked by a tick, your doctor may prescribeindications, the introduction of a specific anti-tick immunoglobulin, which can bebuy in the pharmacy network.

The only effective - and much more economical than immunoglobulin - means of combating tick-borne encephalitis is timely vaccination.

Summer is a great time for outdoor recreation, but we must remember that some troubles can lie in wait in the forest, in the country house and in parks. An example of this are various blood-sucking insects - mosquitoes, horseflies, midges, midges, ticks.

There are more than 900 species of such insects in the world. They live in different climatic zones and are active at different times of the year. Their bites can cause itching and redness, and can cause allergic reactions or infectious diseases. In children, especially at an early age, insect bites can cause a general deterioration in well-being.

In this article, we will consider the main types of such insects, their habitats, as well as ways to protect against bites and methods for preventing complications.

Mosquito- the most numerous and widespread bloodsucker. The skin of children is quite thin, so they are more prone to mosquito bites. Mosquitoes living in central Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases. But you should be aware that mosquitoes in the Moscow region and the Moscow region can transmit imported malaria in the summer season, although such cases are very rare. It has recently been found that mosquito saliva contains allergens that can cause both itching, redness, and various allergic reactions. With redness and itching that occurs at the site of the bite, it is necessary to wipe this place with ammonia, vodka or soda solution, put a cold compress. In case of multiple bites, a tendency to allergic reactions, it is necessary to take an antihistamine. If the victim has swelling of the face, neck, hoarseness of voice, difficulty breathing, then it is necessary to urgently seek medical help. To combat mosquitoes, there are now enough means with which you can protect yourself and your child. These are repellents (creams, gels and ointments), electric fumigators, smoking coils and candles. To combat mosquitoes, you can also use folk remedies. It is known that mosquitoes do not tolerate the smells of tomato leaves, cloves, anise, eucalyptus, camphor, vinegar.

Mite- most dangerous view blood-sucking insect. The tick bite is painless, since together with saliva it injects an anesthetic into the wound. Attached tick, having drunk blood, increases in size by 20-25 times and takes the form of a wart. Usually, sucking adult ticks are detected by a person only after 2-3 days.

The tick can be a carrier of such serious and dangerous diseases for humans as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease (tick-borne borreliosis). Zones where natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis are present cover a significant part of the territory of Russia: the North-West region ( Leningrad region, Karelia, Arkhangelsk region), Central region (Tver, Yaroslavl, Vologda and other regions), Ural (Sverdlovsk, Perm regions), Southern part of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk regions), Far East (Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai).

Midge- These are blood-sucking dipterous insects, which do not carry much danger, but are very annoying. In appearance, they resemble small (up to 2 - 5 mm in size) flies. Midges common in Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases.

horsefly- this insect is quite large in size, up to 3 cm, their habitat is quite extensive, but they are especially numerous in the swampy regions of Siberia. Causative agents of horseflies are relatively rare, but there are cases of transmission of pathogens of tularemia, anthrax and a number of other infections. The bite of a horsefly is dangerous with an infection that they can pick up by sitting, for example, on the "waste products" of animals.

biting midges- the smallest of the blood-sucking dipterans (their total body length is 1 - 3 mm) live in almost a quarter of the territory of Russia, numbering over 15 genera. In calm weather, with high humidity, midges attack in a swarm on all living things - from humans to amphibians. The favorite time of hunting for a man is the day. The bites of tiny bloodsuckers are usually numerous and cause very intense itching. Their saliva contains toxic substances. You can alleviate the condition by treating the bites with vodka, soda solution, cologne.

We hope that our article will help you protect yourself and your children from insects, and they will not be able to overshadow your rest and communication with nature.

Many insects can cause significant harm to health, and some even kill. Today we will talk about those species that should be feared in Russia.

The video version of the article can be viewed here (below is the continuation of the text version):

Red cockroach.

Ants. Despite the fact that in the Russian Federation there are no such animals as the “bullet ant” (the pain from the sting of this creature is comparable to a gunshot wound) or the “ant 24 hours” (the pain does not subside remains at the same high level for 24 hours), and other most bloodthirsty representatives, our domestic ants can also pose a threat. Like cockroaches, they carry various pathogenic bacteria, which can then enter the human body and cause various diseases: typhoid fever, cholera, etc. Therefore, ants in the house are as undesirable as cockroaches! Yes, and our ants also bite notably, and can cause a lot of problems, especially for inexperienced tourists (there was an experience)! Although we must not forget about the merits of ants, which save vegetation from pests.

Forest ant.

Flea.

Midges or midges, as they call very unpleasant small insects (mainly humpback mosquitoes) whose size is less than 5 mm, attacking not only people, but also animals. Their strength is in numbers, huddled together they will not give you rest. When biting, substances will be injected into you that cause swelling at the site of the bite, redness, itching, if the midges frolic to fame, other manifestations of an allergic reaction may occur, such as an increase in temperature, sometimes up to 40 degrees! You will find the most ferocious species of midges in the tundra region (they are called tundra or Kholodkovsky midges). Then edema and other effects fade into the background, because you can catch the plague, tularemia, and other terrible diseases.

mosquitoes- not as harmless as it seems, many of these creatures are carriers of diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, encephalitis, Zika fever and others. Malaria alone kills about 200,000 people worldwide every year. About 10 species of malarial mosquito are found on the territory of our Motherland, they are found in the European part of our country, as well as in Western Siberia.

Mosquitoes.

Wolfart fly.

horseflies- Terrible creatures that love blood. There are about 200 varieties of horseflies in Russia. They carry many diseases, such as anthrax. In addition, the bites themselves are very painful. Biting horsefly injects anticoagulants and toxins, which slows down blood clotting, and wounds bleed for a long time and do not heal.

Horsefly of the genus Tabanus.

Oestrus ovis.

bees— creatures worthy of respect and playing a significant role in our lives, allowing us to feast on honey! However, they can also carry a risk to people, despite the fact that they are not aggressive, and attack only in defense. Bees are not only industrious, but also dexterous, and it is not so easy to dismiss this honey plant! It must be understood that if she stings you, she will die herself, because along with the sting that gets stuck in the body of the object of attack, the bee loses part of its internal organs. At the same time, special substances are released that attract other bees that are ready to sacrifice themselves (for this reason, crushing honey creatures is also not recommended), and bees live in large families! In addition to the pain of the sting, some people are hypersensitive to their venom, which can cause allergic angioedema, which can be fatal. For all people, it is very undesirable if the bite is applied to the area of the tongue, pharynx or palate, because the resulting edema can block the flow of air and lead to asphyxia.

After the attack, the bees recommend taking an antihistamine, removing the sting with tweezers, and applying ice. Do not scratch the sting area, you can pick up an infection and get skin damage! Squeezing the sting with your fingers is also not recommended. If the bite suffers from allergies, it is recommended to give an injection of adrenaline, which will reduce the allergic reaction, and also save a life.

Bee.

wasps- very intrusive and dangerous! Especially for allergy sufferers, who are threatened with death by a sting! No honey! After they stick a sting into you, they don’t die, so they can repeat the procedure again and again! They get into bags, fly into public transport, arrange parties near fruit shops and stalls, they like to test your nerves for strength. However, it cannot be said that wasps are completely useless, they help get rid of garden pests and flies.

Bumblebee- the insect is beautiful and one might even say kind. Pollinates flowers for itself and does not stick to people. I remember how my grandfather picked up a few bumblebees and they quietly crawled along his palms without biting! However, not everything is so rosy, in fact, the bite of a bumblebee is very painful, and in 1% of the world's population, it can also cause an anaphylactic reaction, the likelihood of which increases with a repeated attack, and if you manage to get a lot of bites, you can even die.

Hornets- they can attack for no reason, cause serious allergic reactions leading to death, read about their worst representative below.

Asian giant hornet- the horror of Asia and the largest hornet in the world. The length of the body is already 5 cm! Found only in Primorsky Krai. However, with the inexorable onset of global warming, their habitat is constantly expanding. By itself, the Asian giant is aggressive and cruel, much more than the bees, which he literally blows heads off with his massive jaws! Then he grinds it into biomass and brings it to his hive as food for the larvae! A hornet is able to deal with 300 bees in an hour, and if a small group of hornets attacks a bee hive, then about 30,000 die in an hour. The bees stand to the death and defend themselves as best they can, but in the event of an attack by a group of these giants, they are doomed! After killing all the attackers, they grab honey and larvae. The only chance for bees in a fight with the enemy is to destroy the “scout”, who has not yet managed to inform his relatives about the found bee hive. They do it this way: having lured the “scout” into their hive, they rush at him in a crowd and while he crushes the bees closest to him, the rest, vibrating their wings, create a temperature equal to 50 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, protein compounds are destroyed. The hornet and the bees closest to it die, while the hive is saved.

Asian giant hornet.

For people, a meeting with this giant can also end in failure, because its poison not only destroys tissues, but also contains a neurotoxin that paralyzes nervous system, and an allergic reaction to a sting can lead to anaphylactic shock and subsequent death! In addition, the hornet's bite, which it usually inflicts at speed, is extremely painful. Those unfortunate who have felt the brightness of pain compare the attack of a hornet with a blow with a heavy sledgehammer.

Beetles with powerful jaws. Such as ground beetles, stag beetles, barbels, swimmers and others, are able to bite through the skin, which can be quite painful.

Swimmer.

Poison bugs. In principle, they do not inject poison, so you should not be afraid that you will be poisoned through bitten skin. However, beetles can be poisonous because their blood, the so-called hemolymph, contains poisonous substances, such as cantharidin. If this chemical compound enters the blood or mucous membranes, everything can end badly, including death. The most concentrated hemolymph in this sense is in such bugs as ladybugs of the genus "Coccinellidae", redwings "Lycidae", babies "Melyridae", soft beetles "Cantharidae" and blisters "Meloidae" about them in more detail below.

Ladybug.

Beetle - blister- has about 70 varieties and is very poisonous. The reason is cantharidin, which is contained in the body of the beetle. If this substance gets on your skin, it will undoubtedly leave boils and blisters on it. Once in the wound renders negative impact to work urinary tract and kidneys. If it enters the bloodstream, death is possible! It's no joke, in the Middle Ages, many rulers were vilely poisoned by the poison of these particular insects and died in terrible suffering. You can absolutely protect yourself only by excluding all contacts with the blisters.

The beetle is a bugger.

Large beetles. Carabus, which is especially common in our country, shoots a caustic liquid from the back of the body, moreover, far enough at a distance of 30 - 50 cm. If it gets on the skin, this liquid can cause a burning sensation, but if it gets into the eyes, it is already fraught for vision, especially if eyes are not immediately rinsed with plenty of water.

Ground beetle.

There are other dangerous creatures covered with a chitinous shell, such as ticks and spiders, which are not insects.

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