Natural ventilation in the bath: the principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation openings. How to make ventilation in a sauna: scheme options, device and materials Ventilation in a steam bath

15.11.2019

A well-equipped ventilation system, other things being equal, guarantees, firstly, a long service life of building and finishing materials involved in the arrangement of the serviced premises, and secondly, the comfort and safety of visiting the latter for the user. Particularly relevant is the issue of arranging full and sufficiently effective ventilation in the bath, due to the characteristic temperature and humidity conditions and additional requirements for such buildings.

Prices for bath fans

bath fan

Video - Requirements for ventilation in the bath

Choosing the optimal variety ventilation system for the maintenance of the bath - a topic for many hours of discussion. For example, there is natural ventilation. The cost of money, time and effort for its arrangement is minimal - the work literally comes down to drilling holes in the walls, installing boxes / pipes and valves / gratings.

Ventilation damper and grille
Ventilation grilles for baths and saunas

However, it is impossible to use natural ventilation to serve all the premises of the bath. Of course, it would be possible to save money, but the disadvantage of such a solution will become obvious with the advent of the first winter: along with the influx fresh air cold will come from the street, and everyone knows the combination of frosty air with humidity - everything around will simply freeze. Therefore, natural ventilation in some rooms must be combined with others. existing options in other bath rooms.

If the bath is equipped with a washing room or even a private pool, natural ventilation will definitely not cope with the maintenance of such premises - you will have to equip an exhaust system. And in general, the presence of a forced inflow / outflow of fresh air will be useful for both visitors to the bathhouse and its premises. Recommendations regarding the optimal composition of the air exchange system are given in the table.

Table. The choice of ventilation system for different rooms

room	Recommended type of ventilation	Scheme	Description
Steam room, dressing room or rest room			Under aeration it is necessary to understand the organized natural air exchange. The option is most optimally suited for use in a bathhouse: air is supplied from the bottom of the stove (for other rooms - 25-30 cm above the floor), exhaust air is removed through an opening in the upper part of the room. The work of air exchange is based on elementary physical laws: cold air from the street displaces warm air masses, having less weight, up the room. Aeration is ideal for use in rooms with high heat dissipation rates. The presence of additional moisture contributes to an even more pronounced increase in the efficiency of the system.
Wash room, bathroom, pool room			The system is equipped with a fan and, if necessary, cleaning filters. Mechanical exhaust ventilation is ideal for use in the washroom, pool room and other damp and high traffic areas of the bath. Mechanical hood provides effective removal unpleasant odors and excess moisture, which makes the air in the served room safe and clean. It is impossible to use only exhaust ventilation - air rarefaction is formed. To compensate for the rarefaction, air is supplied from the street or other rooms. Along with this, the presence supply ventilation eliminate the possibility of drafts. The supply ventilation system can be either natural or mechanical. In combination with mechanical exhaust ventilation it is more expedient to use a mechanical supply system, because. the potential for natural inflow may ultimately be insufficient to compensate for the resulting rarefaction. At the heart of mechanical supply ventilation is a blower fan. Additionally, it can be equipped with an air heater, which will eliminate the inconvenience and solve the problems of ventilation of the serviced premises during the cold season. Additionally, the supplied air can be humidified or purified using appropriate devices. The mechanical system is more complex in arrangement compared to its analog, which works according to the laws of physics: in addition to fans and air ducts, the system may include additional equipment and devices (diffusers, air distribution grilles, automation equipment, silencers, etc.). This gives an excellent opportunity to arrange an air exchange system that fully meets the wishes of the user.

In vestibules, warehouses and other premises of a similar purpose, a natural hood is made.

Regardless of the type of ventilation system chosen, the bath must have conditions for simple ventilation. Install adjustable windows in all rooms, the location of which allows this.

Video - Types of ventilation systems

Instructions for self-calculation of air exchange

For the calculation, an elementary formula is used:

W (required volume of fresh / exhaust air) \u003d k (coefficient indicating the frequency of air exchange) x V (volume of the serviced room, determined by multiplying the width of the room by the length and height).

That is, first you must calculate the volume of each room and find for it the required indicator of the volume of clean air (in calculations it is customary to denote Wpr, i.e. inflow) and a similar indicator of exhaust air (indicated as Wvt, outflow). In this case, multiplicity factors must be taken into account. The calculated values are rounded up - the last digit in the number must be 0 or 5.

Next, the summation of all Wpr is performed. A similar action is carried out for the found Wvt. The amounts received are compared. If the total value of Wpr exceeds the total indicator Wpr, it is necessary to increase the exhaust volume for rooms with a minimum air exchange value, if vice versa, increase the inflow by the missing value. That is, at the output, the sum of all Wpr should be equal to the total value of the found Wvt.

The results of the calculations will allow you to determine the optimal sections of the installed air ducts and choose suitable look ventilation system. Thus, with the calculation of the volume of premises and other related data, there will be no particular problems. For greater convenience of subsequent processing, enter the found values in a simple table, as in the example presented.

In the given example, the total value of Wpr is less than the sum of all found Wvt by an indicator equal to 110 m3. In order for the balance to be maintained as a result, it is necessary to ensure the flow of clean air in the missing amount. This can only be done in the waiting room. Thus, the value of 55 m3 for the dressing room, given in the table, must be replaced with an indicator of 165 m3. Then the balance will be struck.

Proceed to the calculation of the installed air ducts and the drawing up of the structure of the equipped ventilation system.

The ventilation system is designed in such a way that the air moves through the installed air ducts with the following speed indicators:

≤ 5 m/s in main channels and ≤3 m/s in existing branches - for mechanical ventilation systems;
≤ 1 m/s - for air exchanges operating according to the natural principle;
2 m/s - for natural air exchange directly in the steam room.

When choosing the cross-section of air ducts, consider the above indicators. As for the profile of the box / pipe, this moment is determined by the design features of the air exchange and the bath itself. For example, air ducts round section they are easier to install compared to their rectangular counterparts, and it is much easier to select the required connecting fittings for round air ducts.

The relationship between the diameter of the air ducts and other significant indicators is shown in the following tables.

For example, we will work with round ducts. We select the necessary sections according to the corresponding table, focusing, at the same time, on the indicators of the table An example of calculating ventilation.

Estimated air consumption is 165 m3/hour. The air flow at this flow rate should not move faster than 5 m/s. In accordance with the table above for round ducts, we select the section according to the specified data. The tabular value closest to ours is 221 m3/h. Air duct cross section - 125 mm.

Air duct with insulation
Flexible ducts

In the same order, we determine the optimal sections for all branches of the system in the serviced premises, remembering that in them the air flow should move at a speed not exceeding 3 m / s (in vestibules and closets - 1 m / s, in the steam room - 2 m / s). sec):

steam room: calculated Ww is 60 m3 / h, which requires the installation of an air duct with a cross section of 125 mm;
shower room - Ww is 50 m3 / h, air moves at a speed of 3 m / s, a 100 mm air duct is suitable;
toilet - the indicators are similar to the shower room;
pantry, vestibule, etc. - indicators (except for the speed of air movement) are similar to the shower and toilet.

Important! In the shower room (washing room, room with a pool), an increased level of humidity is noted. When determining the cross-section of the duct for this room, it is necessary to make an upward adjustment (in this example, 125 mm).

For greater convenience, enter all the information received in the table. As an example, you can use the template below.

Important note! In the table above, the extract volume exceeds the clean air supply. This happened because the sections were determined by the nearest flow rate, and the diameter of the air duct in the washing room was deliberately increased. In practice, such an approach will only benefit - the margin for outflow and inflow will not be superfluous.

SNiP 2.08.01-89. Residential buildings. Download file

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00. Download file

Building regulations Russian Federation heating, ventilation and conditioning heating, ventilation and conditioning SNiP 41-01-2003. Download file

Square cross section the ventilation window is determined in accordance with the volume of the serviced premises: 24 cm 2 for each 1 m3.

It remains only to deal with optimal height vent locations:

for the influx of fresh air - an average of 25-30 cm above the floor (in the steam room - near the stove);
for the outflow of exhaust air - about 15-20 cm below the ceiling, as a rule, on the wall opposite to the supply air.

Popular bath ventilation schemes

Separate consideration deserves only options for arranging ventilation in the steam room - in other rooms everything is done according to standard scheme, for example, like this:

Air exchange in the steam room can be organized in accordance with 4 main schemes presented in the following image.

Scheme "a". The most popular option. The window for air flow is next to the stove, at a distance of about 25-30 cm from the floor. Incoming fresh air gradually displaces the spent warm up to the opposite wall. On it, about 15-25 cm below the ceiling, there is an exhaust hole.

Scheme "b". Both holes are on the same wall. The circuit will only work if you set exhaust fan. Fresh air enters through the lower opening, equipped in the wall opposite to the stove. The air will rush in the direction of the stove, and then, covering the space of the steam room with an arc, move to the hood and be discharged outside the bath.

Scheme "in". The option is suitable for steam rooms with a leaking floor. The inlet opening is located as in scheme "a". After warming up in the upper part of the steam room, the air descends to the floor, passes through the gaps in the boardwalk, contributing to more efficient drying of the boards, and then is removed through the exhaust hole, usually equipped in another room. Also, the hood can be carried out through a separate insulated channel.

Scheme "g". Option for baths with a constantly working stove. In this case, the function of the hood is performed by the blower hole of the furnace. The supply window is arranged under the shelf, in the wall opposite to the furnace. The height of the inlet must correspond to the height of the furnace blower. Fresh air rushes to the stove, displacing the air masses heated by it to the ceiling. Cooling down there, the air descends and is removed from the bath through the blower.

In order for the operation of the air exchange system to be as efficient and high-quality as possible, before starting its installation, study and remember a few simple tips.

If your bath has a bathroom or even a kitchen, equip them only with exhaust ventilation - this solution will eliminate the possibility of unpleasant odors spreading to other rooms. Alternatively, you can equip other rooms with forced ventilation, and equip the bathrooms with a natural exhaust - in this case, the air will move towards the bathrooms.

When calculating the performance of fans, it is recommended to reduce the total capacity of the supply units by 5-10% of the total performance of the exhaust units. In this case, the exhaust air will be completely displaced by the incoming air masses, and a 5-10% reserve will compensate for the inflow of air entering through windows, slots, etc., which will allow you to maintain a balance.

In rooms with only one natural ventilation it is recommended to definitely make opening vents - this will increase the efficiency of fresh air intake and reduce the risk of fungi, mold, rot, etc.

Important! If your bath has a non-standard configuration, the ventilation system project will also be individual. When compiling it, the features of the composition of the premises, their design, design features etc.

The main stages of independent arrangement of the ventilation system

Any ventilation system in any room is equipped in approximately the same sequence. Differences are present only in the characteristics of the air vents and their locations, as well as the configuration of the system (mechanical, unlike natural ones, are supplemented by various kinds of devices).

For example, the following arrangement of ventilation elements can be used.

Or its somewhat modified counterpart, shown in the following image.

Recommendations regarding the choice of the location of each opening, the type of air exchange system for different rooms of the bath, as well as the procedure for determining the characteristics of the ventilation elements, were considered earlier.

Along with this, the procedure for arranging ventilation may vary depending on which design option you prefer. There are few solutions available:

independent ventilation in each room. An easier option. Work is limited to the installation of transoms, vents, fans and other necessary elements, if provided for by the project. Fans can be mounted both in windows and in separate channels brought outside through the wall;
centralized system. More difficult option. Requires ventilation ducts. It is used mainly in private homes - in the case of a bath, this option will be too costly and time-consuming;
"hybrid" option. Some rooms are ventilated individually, some are combined into a joint system.

A reasonable option for use in a bath is independent ventilation - the owner can choose the optimal characteristics of fans and other elements for each room, saving money, time and effort on the activities necessary to combine the channels into a single system.

Important! The location of some bath rooms may not allow to equip an independent supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, it will not be possible to avoid laying ventilation ducts. Alternatively, the boxes can be placed in the attic, and the ventilation holes can be arranged in the ceiling or connected to the channels equipped in the walls (the option is more complicated if the laying of such channels was not provided for by the project at the construction stage of the bath).

In most cases, the first option is used: ventilation pipes of the required length are led out through openings in the ceilings of the serviced premises and either equipped with their own fan, if necessary (easier to implement for an unprepared user, the procedure is similar to that given in the following table), or connected into a single circuit and connected to a common hood (may require the involvement of specialists).

Remember: the maximum efficiency of the ventilation system is ensured by using as short and straight air ducts as possible - up to 3 m with natural air exchange and up to 6 m with electric fans.

The procedure for arranging an independent ventilation system is given in the following table.

Important! The example considers instructions for arranging a mechanical ventilation system using fans. The order of installation of natural air exchange remains almost the same: only the stages of laying wires and installing fans are excluded.

Table. Arrangement of ventilation

Stage of work	Explanations
	The operating procedure remains the same for the supply and exhaust openings. Only the height of their arrangement and location changes ( possible options discussed earlier), as well as the type of fans used (supply or exhaust). The characteristics of the latter are selected on an individual basis, taking into account the volume of the serviced premises, the required air velocity in the air ducts, the required air exchange rate, etc. - all these moments were consecrated in the theoretical part. We equip the holes in the following order: - we outline the center and contours. We make the markup so that the diameter of the hole as a result slightly (usually a 2-3 mm gap is made) exceeds the diameter of the installed pipe (recommendations for choosing the diameters of the ducts were given earlier); - Using a perforator, make a hole in accordance with the markings. We hold the working tool horizontally, but with a slight downward slope; - carefully take out the cut material (a hammer and a chisel will help us with this), after which we carefully clean the finished hole from dirt and dust.
	The ventilation pipe (ventilation duct housing) is placed in the prepared hole, but before that it (if mechanical / forced ventilation is planned) must be equipped with a fan. Useful recommendation! Initially, buy ready-made kits for arranging ventilation, including, in addition to related accessories, a ventilation duct / pipe and a fan with an appropriately sized case - this way you will avoid difficulties during the assembly phase. The pipe with the fan is placed in the prepared hole, and the remaining gaps are filled with mounting foam.
	fan is electrical appliance, therefore, it must be connected to the network. Let's do this while it dries. polyurethane foam(minimum 10-12 hours). The procedure is standard: - the contours of the strobe for the cable are cut out in the wall using a grinder. Excess material is removed using a chipper; - a hole is prepared in the wall for installing the switch box (for example, you can use a puncher). The box is installed (pre-read the instructions specifically for your switch). The switch itself will be mounted after finishing; - the wire is laid in a strobe. We use alabaster to fix the cable; - connect the wire to the switch and fan. We must first study the connection diagram recommended by the fan manufacturer in the attached instructions, because. it may differ for different devices. For example, one of the most commonly used schemes is given.
	It remains only to bring the whole structure into its proper form. To do this, we do the following: - get rid of excess dried mounting foam with a knife; - putty strobes; - we mount adjustable ventilation grilles on both sides of the pipe. For fastening we use self-tapping screws. If provided, at the appropriate stages of work we set additional elements(eg air heater, filter, etc.). Each of these devices is mounted individually - we first clarify these points in the manufacturer's instructions.

Video - Arrangement of ventilation holes

Video - Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath - diagram

There is already a large review material on our website, so now it’s worth talking separately about the hood in the bath: how it works, how it works and how to make it yourself.

Hood in the bath: depending on which bath

Baths are built from the most different materials, each of which has its own characteristics. This also affects the ventilation systems, which have their own characteristics in each case. We will talk about their differences in terms of organization below.

Extractor in the sauna

A sauna or a Finnish bath differs from a Russian one in a small amount of steam (it is practically a dry bath) and a high temperature (which can reach up to 130 degrees!). During your stay in the sauna, there is a clear rule regarding ventilation: the air must be changed at least 6-8 times per hour. And this requires good controllability of air flows, replacing exhaust air with fresh air less than every 10 minutes.

Ideal option for a sauna, (convection type). Let us briefly repeat that it operates on the principle of an “inverted glass”:

ventilation box, standing diagonally from the oven, takes in ambient air;
brings it out through the roof (wall);
below, next to the stove, there is an inlet through which fresh air enters;
the oven heats the oxygenated air, it rises and is distributed throughout the sauna.

Flow regulation is carried out with the help of dampers that regulate the openness of the box and the inlet. An important point at the same time, the furnace is constantly working, because it is it that performs the function of a “pump”.

And even if the hood in the sauna is done according to a different scheme, the task will remain the same:

controlled frequent air exchange;
good warming up incoming fresh air;
impermissibility fast air currents (more than 0.3 m / s), i.e. drafts.

In a log cabin

The log house was invented long before the laws of physics on which natural ventilation is based took shape. Nevertheless, the builders of log baths actively used these laws so that the owners of the bath would not suffocate in the process of soaring, and the bath would stand for decades due to it. (Of course, the hood in the log cabin will not save her from a fire, but from rot - it may well.) In the log house, the air flow was provided by the lower rims, which were intentionally laid freely, that is, they had slots through which fresh air was “stretched”. In addition, the door to the steam room below did not fit snugly against the floor.

Depending on how exactly the bath from the log house was heated - “in black” or “in white” - it also depended on where the exhaust air went.

In a heated "black" bathhouse, the stove does not work during the soaring process, so an open window or door was used for outflow.
In the melted "white" bath, the outflow was carried out through the chimney. The oven was working.

In principle, nothing prevents organizing the ventilation of the log house in the traditional way today. But it is necessary to decide quickly, even at the construction stage. Because more modern solution should be included in the project. Alternatively, you can punch holes (supply and exhaust) directly onto the street and supply them with plugs or dampers. One is next to the stove blower, the second is above the upper shelf on the adjacent or opposite side. Or make two exhaust holes - one above, the other below the top shelf. Another option is to make blinds at the bottom of the steam room door, and an exhaust hole under the ceiling of the shower room.

IMPORTANT! If there is no desire to make an exit to the street, you can lay air ducts, but then you will have to install a forced ventilation system instead of a natural one.

In a foam block bath

A foam block bath is no exception to the rule that you need to think about ventilation when designing a bath. It's easier than hitting ready-made walls. In order to provide a bath of cellular concrete with sufficient air circulation, which will save the structure from excess moisture, it is necessary to lay pipe trimmings at the time of pouring the foundation formwork, which will then become air ducts.

For a bath that is not in a lowland and is not surrounded on all sides by buildings, two air vents are enough on opposite sides, otherwise they are made 4. Do not forget about the ventilation gaps between the walls and the insulation.

The roof must also be ventilated, receiving inflow from the roof overhangs and giving air through the raised ridge. In the premises, supply and exhaust openings are made according to one of the standard schemes.

In case of insufficient natural ventilation, it is recommended to install fans on the hood from the foam block bath.

Extract for a bath: in which department?

If we leave aside the issues of ventilation of walls, foundations and roofs already discussed in other articles, there are rooms - a steam room, a washing room, a dressing room and a rest room - where you need to organize air circulation. At the same time, there are certain standards regarding ventilation in each of them and the specifics of the manufacture of the hood. But first things first.

Extractor in the steam room

For those who soar, the extract in the steam room of the bath is a guarantee that they will come out of there alive and healthy.

IMPORTANT! You can not leave the steam room without ventilation holes at all, this is a big risk of getting black or losing consciousness and suffocating with carbon dioxide. Can't just make one hole- so the ventilation does not work.

The method of ventilation of the steam room can be natural (due to the laws of physics) or forced (due to fans). Openings can lead to the street, to air ducts and to neighboring rooms. On the ventilation openings, either blinds or dampers are placed. Air inflow can be organized through the bottom of the steam room door, spaced 3 cm from the floor or with blinds at the bottom of the door leaf.

With your own hands you will have to make only a box. Everything else (corrugation, valves, gate valves, dampers) is on sale. Fans (if needed) vary in diameter and power. For automatic control forced ventilation, you can use a relay. Holes in the wall are either left during construction, or they make their way in an already built bath.

Useful video

See how the craftsmen made a box for extracting ventilation from the boards:

In the washing

According to the already mentioned standards, the air circulation in the washing room per hour should be a multiple of 8 room volumes for supply ventilation and 9 for exhaust. It means:

that the dimensions of the exhaust opening will be more inlet;
or exhaust will be two on one supply;
or put on the hood fan.

In any case, this is an intensive air exchange, which is intended primarily for quickly draining the car wash. During the washing process, it is not required, so it is regulated by dampers.

By the way, air inlets can be made in the dressing room or rest room, and exhaust holes in the washing room. This will allow you to ventilate two rooms at once. Similarly, the hood is done in the bathroom, and forced to create low pressure. Then the air will be drawn from the neighboring rooms and leave through the forced exhaust. Thus, the rooms are connected by through holes, which on the one hand will be supply, and on the other - exhaust.

The components of the hood in the washing bath do not differ from those used in the steam room.

How to make an extract in the bath

This has been said many times before, but it's worth repeating: the cost of arranging ventilation will increase many times if it is done late after completion of construction. At the same time, the principle of creating ventilation in the bath remains unchanged: it is necessary to create conditions for the inflow and outflow of air from the premises. So, how to make a hood in the bath with your own hands or the hands of professionals.

Hood in the bath: scheme

There are many schemes, but any one is suitable for understanding the principle of ventilation. Most often, ventilation schemes for the steam room are offered, but the scheme for the entire bath, with explanations, is of much greater interest.

Look at the sketch. It shows that ventilation is carried out in the washing room, steam room and rest room. Moreover, the air flow is carried out from one pipe to two points, one of which is located in the steam room, and the second - in the rest room. The hood is located in the washing room, and in the steam room, and in the rest room. Let's describe all the ventilation devices in each room:

washing- a window made of metal-plastic, an adjustable hood that takes air through a diffuser located on the ceiling. From there, the air escapes through a pipe to the roof.
steam room- an insulated window located below the shelf, an adjustable hood, which is a vertical box, the intake hole of which is 150 cm² located below the shelf, and the exit from the pipe to the street is near the ceiling. One of the channels of regulated inflow near the stove, cross-sectional area 150 cm².
Restroom- adjustable hood, which is a box with a cross section of 150 cm², the height of the intake hole is 30-40 cm from the floor, exit through the pipe to the street near the ceiling. Regulated inflow through the second channel with an exit near a furnace fire chamber.

DIY: how to do it right

Do-it-yourself exhaust in the bath is not something that cannot be done, but you need to approach the matter prudently and slowly. In order to independently make the hood, you need to prepare materials according to it. It is also necessary to calculate the cross section of the ventilation pipes.

IMPORTANT! The inflow volume must be equal to or less than the exhaust volume.

To do this, you need to know the volume of the room and the multiplicity factor (how many times the air should be updated per hour) - it is in the regulations. In the main air ducts, the speed of movement should not exceed 5 m / s, in the branches - 3 m / s, in the steam room - 2 m / s, natural ventilation - up to 1 m / s. Further in the table we find the value of the pipe section, which most closely gives the desired volume at a given speed.

Knowing the cross section, it remains to prepare a corrugation or pipes of the appropriate diameter, which at one end are mounted indoors at the desired height according to the diagram, and with the other they go outside. Self-tapping screws, metal tape and polyurethane foam are used for fastening. The openings are supplied with shutters in the room, gratings at the exit. By the way, ventilation should be cleaned once a year..

Useful video

Watch a short video showing ventilation in one bath:

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Well, now you know exactly how to properly draw a hood in the bath in order to save yourself, your household and guests from suffocation in the bath. It remains only to correctly apply the information received.

In contact with

High-quality, well-installed ventilation plays a huge role in the process of building a steam room. An incorrect or non-existent system can be dangerous to human life and health.

Let's look at an elementary example. While in the bath, a person inhales oxygen (oxygen), and exhales carbon dioxide. In the absence of air exchange, a person will suffocate from carbon monoxide. Given the above, we conclude that the hood must be installed in accordance with the technology.

Functions of a well-installed system

providing the steam room with oxygen;
removal of carbon monoxide;
saving on firewood;
protection of the premises from fungus and mold.

Bath ventilation schemes are different for users, but there is no doubt that they should be applied.

Types of systems

Natural ventilation. The proposed complex works due to the "physics" of using the pressure difference in the room and outside. The easiest choice.

mechanical system. This structure requires additional equipment - fans. The most efficient choice.

Combined installations. Carbon dioxide is removed through a special exhaust duct. The installation method provides that this element is installed diagonally to the inlet through which oxygen will enter the room.

Ventilation system planning

The hood is mounted during the construction of the bath. The specific channels to which they are connected are established. The windows are laid after the sheathing of the room.
It is desirable to make special air duct openings of the same size. In some cases, 2 windows are installed, for better efficiency and safety.
Ventilation openings must have either valves or doors.
The calculation of the cross-sectional area of the hole is calculated based on the volume of the room.
If you calculate everything incorrectly, the bathhouse will be cold.
Windows cannot be installed at the same level and opposite each other.
Windows must be made slightly lower than the ceiling.

Installation of ventilation

Given the above, let's see how to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands.

To do this, you need to choose a place where the input and output channels will be located. A good location for the entry channel would be near the shoulders. It is worth choosing a height of 25 cm. Output, diagonally under the ceiling. You need to have free access to the channels.

Buy grids. Outside, the channels must be closed. Drill holes in the wall. Inside, line with foil and mineral wool. We put cotton wool tightly.

Insert pipes into the cutout. They should fit snugly. Around the perimeter, blow them with foam. After that, we sheathe the walls inside and mount the gratings.

Advice! The exhaust window must always be closed or open.

From this we conclude that thermal ventilation in the bathhouse with your own hands, the task is quite doable! And you learned how to make ventilation in the bath.

How to make ventilation in the steam room

A good vapor barrier can be made with the help of resources in the form of moisture insulation, insulation resources and roofing vapor barrier. The film protects the insulation material from water vapor.

It is necessary to insulate the ceiling well, because hot air will rise. To do this, we need boards, approximately 7 cm. We cover them with foil or thick cardboard, which we pre-soak with drying oil.

From experience I can say that glassine and roofing material are not used very often. At high temperatures, they can be hazardous to health.

Sometimes they use rolled vapor barrier, namely in the form of fiberglass plates or foil.

The edges are sealed with special tape in the form of foil. Plates are laid with a gap of 20-25 mm. This helps reduce moisture.

Schemes of supply ventilation in the bath

You need to make 2 holes on one side.
Make one entrance window behind the stove, from the floor 20 centimeters high.
Mount the exit window from the floor by 30 centimeters, and the entrance window under the stove, from the floor 50 centimeters.
We make the entrance window opposite the furnace, and the exit hatch will be the blower.

If something is not clear from this material, look at more informative photos of the ventilation of the bathhouse on the Internet.

Photo of ventilation in the bath

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Proper implementation of the appropriate design improves the performance of the facility and ensures a high level of safety and comfort. Properly designed ventilation will help extend the life of the building. After reading this article, you will find out if ventilation is needed in the bath, you will be able to create the necessary design with my own hands. Here you will find information about materials and individual components, installation and construction technologies. Professional advice will help eliminate errors and reduce costs.

High-quality ventilation is one of the most important components of a good bath.

To accurately determine the parameters of the project, it is necessary to clarify its intended purpose. Creating for a bath allows you to solve the following practical problems:

supply of fresh air;
combustion products, carbon dioxide, and other harmful substances are removed;
destructive processes of decay and corrosion are prevented.

Of course, the operation of this system should not worsen other consumer characteristics of the building. For example, if the intake of cold air is excessive, the cost of maintaining a high temperature will increase.

This list of actions will help you figure out how to make ventilation in such a way that you do not miss important points:

Determine the air flow path (through ducts and inside the room).
Find out how to organize ventilation in different rooms buildings.
It is necessary to take into account the combined effect of ventilation and heating, the characteristics of wall materials and other characteristics of the building.
It is necessary to find out which nodes and finished goods useful for creating an efficient modern-day ventilation system.

How high-quality ventilation works in a bath: scheme and device, features of different rooms

For electrical wiring, a suitable cable is used that provides reliable insulation even when immersed in liquid. The switch is installed in the rest room, or in another room with a normal level of humidity.

For ventilation in the bath sink, you can use a small window or a special channel. In any case, it is necessary to configure the system in such a way as to exclude drafts. You can combine the supply parts here and in the steam room to increase the air temperature and provide ventilation for wooden flooring.

Ventilation design in the dressing room

In this room, the organization of fresh air access does not differ from a similar system in an ordinary living room. The use of natural and forced ventilation in various combinations is available. It must be remembered that hypothermia provokes the occurrence of colds and other diseases.

Note! Log houses have special features. They create comfortable temperature conditions in rooms without special technical means due to the natural micro-ventilation of the walls. For intensive ventilation, you can open doors, windows.

Related article:

In a separate publication, you will learn about the most successful layouts baths with an extension in the form of a veranda or terrace.

How to properly ventilate the bath: differences between buildings made of different materials

In this section, the architectural features of the structure are studied in detail. Proper ventilation in the bath should not have a negative impact on the structural parts. Moreover, it creates favorable conditions for extending the service life without overhaul. In order not to make a mistake and not to take unnecessary actions, an appropriate system must be created at the design stage. An example with a concrete foundation illustrates the convenience of mounting holes using embedded parts. Their drilling in a frozen block will be accompanied by significant difficulties.

frame structure

The gaps between the frame elements are filled mineral wool. It is covered with a polymer film to prevent moisture from entering. Outside - install lining, with painting, other finishing coatings.

Such a structure can be created quickly, with minimal cost. A light structure does not need a strong foundation. The multilayer construction of the walls has low thermal conductivity, which reduces operating costs. In order not to violate their tightness, ventilation channels in the frame bath are installed in advance, along with the installation of structural structural elements.

Note! If you use polyurethane foam boards, the cost of the project will increase slightly. But in this case no special precautions are needed. The insulating properties of these materials do not deteriorate in conditions of high humidity.

The nuances that are taken into account when equipping a log house

For the correct determination of ventilation parameters in wooden bath the following features must be taken into account:

Buildings made of these materials have natural ventilation. But its performance is not enough for a bath.
supply and exhaust system created so as to ensure rapid removal of moisture after the completion of a session of wellness treatments.
If forced ventilation is selected, the wiring will be carried out taking into account the proximity of combustible materials. It is necessary to follow the rules of specialized standards exactly.
Treatment with anti-rotting agents and other chemicals is carried out carefully to prevent them from entering the atmosphere of the premises. It is advisable not to use potentially hazardous substances to create decorative and protective coatings in the washing and steam rooms.

Note! Such buildings are built on strip foundation. The base of the floor is made of concrete. In these elements, holes are created at the stage of pouring the solution.

Related article:

In a separate post you will find interesting ideas for finishing steam rooms and rest rooms, as well as learn the main stages of installation.

Correct installation of ventilation in a brick house

Structures made of these materials are highly resistant to various types of external influences. They are able to withstand heavy loads without damage. They are not destroyed by changes in temperature and humidity, harmful insects and microorganisms. In the absence of flammability, special measures are not needed when installing power lines.

In order not to use such heavy operations, the necessary passes are made during the masonry process. For the exact performance of work, marks are made in the design documentation. At the stage of project preparation, the parameters and installation lines of electrical networks are determined.

The use of bastu for a bath: scheme, operation

This technology has been used in Sweden for hundreds of years. It provides effective ventilation of premises without electric drives. An additional advantage is the economical consumption of thermal energy.

The figure shows a system for two rooms. In the steam room, air is supplied to the space under the furnace. With the help of a special casing, the basic principle of the technology is implemented: “inverted glass”. The heated air stream under pressure enters the rooms. Output paths - as in the standard version, through the box, with a fence from the lower parts of the rooms. The use of bastu ventilation in a Russian bath will allow you to quickly dry the floors. Pay attention to the separate inflow installed in the rest room. With the help of a metered supply of cold / warm air, you can maintain comfortable temperature conditions at any time of the year.

Ventilation device in the bath: selection and proper use of the main components of the structure

Before proceeding to the study of individual elements, it should be noted the principles of operation of ventilation of different types:

When choosing forced ventilation, it is necessary to correctly use the appropriate electrically driven technology.

Window in the bath: where to place, what requirements apply to materials

When choosing suitable products, the climatic conditions in the region are taken into account. For the northern regions, triple-glazed windows are installed with good insulating characteristics. If plastic frames are purchased, you need to check the number of cameras.

To avoid fogging, you can use the data from the following table. The values in it correspond to the temperature outside, at which droplets of moisture condense on the inside of the glass:

Room temperature, °C	Humidity, %
	20	30	40	60	80	100
0	-20	-15	-12	-6,9	-3,1	0
5	-15,8	-11	-7,5	-2,2	1,8	4,8
10	-11,8	-6,8	-2,8	2,7	6,8	10,1
15	-7,6	-2,5	-1,4	7,4	11,7	15,8
20	-3,7	1,8	5,9	11,8	16,3	20,1
25	-0,4	6,1	10,4	16,6	21,2	24,8

When choosing an installation location, enter the dimensions of the block in the opening with the following gaps:

bottom: 40 to 60 mm;
top: 15 to 25 mm;
on the sides: from 15 to 25 mm.

It is necessary to take into account a significant change in the size of the opening in a wooden structure. To prevent damage to the frame, special damping elements are installed. In brick buildings, such precautions are not needed. The doors must be free to open. If necessary, other curtains are installed from the inside.

Note! In order to avoid damage by high temperature and to prevent deterioration of the composition of the atmosphere, windows are not installed in the steam room.

Video: do-it-yourself window installation technology in the bath

Suitable fan parameters

The forced system is installed with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe premises. It will be needed in a building made of brick, or other materials that do not allow air to pass through.

When choosing a fan for a bath, check the following parameters:

To calculate the performance, multiply by 5. The margin (20-40%) is added taking into account the characteristics of a particular room.
Cases and impellers of high-quality specialized equipment are made of polymers (composite materials) resistant to high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation.
Rubber seals reduce noise and Negative influence vibrations on structural integrity.
The shaft is fixed on durable ball bearings, which perform their functions fully without lubrication and other routine procedures.
All electrical components are reliably protected from moisture.
When equipped, it prevents the air from moving in the opposite direction when the appliance is turned off.

The video below explains the DIY fan installation process. This instruction can be used for the installation of equipment in the bath, bathroom, toilet.

Varieties of valves for ventilation ducts

The non-return ventilation valve for the bath does not allow cold air to pass through from the outside. Similar phenomena can occur, for example, when strong wind. The figure shows that the damper is moved by a counterweight. There are no electric drives and other complex components, which explains the relatively low cost.

Valves are selected according to different needs:

The corresponding modifications are intended for vertical or horizontal installation.
They produce special products for round and square ducts.
To increase resistance to corrosion processes, metal valves are coated with a layer of zinc.
Some models are designed specifically to work with a fan.

Installing an outlet in the bath

The optimal air flow path helps to correctly determine the installation parameters of the inlet and outlet. If the air in the bath is set at the same level, the desired effect of uniform heating will not be obtained. The stream will take the shortest path, creating a draft. It is also recommended to consider the following points when planning:

Nice, heat-resistant diffusers

Article

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath? - easily, the event can be carried out by a man without professional skills. Why do you even need to monitor how to properly ventilate the bath? The answer is obvious. Properly arranged ventilation in the bath affects the maintenance temperature regime in the locker room, washing room, steam room, or relaxation room. The second, but no less significant impact, the movement of air masses has on safety wooden structure and the service life of its parts.

When designing a bath complex and its construction, it must be taken into account that the ventilation of the bath complex must be carried out taking into account the established rules, supplemented by subtle nuances. Information on how to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands, with detailed instructions, photos and videos abound. We will outline the main stages of installing air exchange inside the bath space and the steam room below.

Properly arranged ventilation in the bath is guaranteed to keep the temperature at a comfortable level inside the steam room. Extending the life of wooden structures.

The operation of the ventilation system based on the known laws of physics, as well as the ventilation scheme, is understandable and does not raise questions. To fulfill the condition of air circulation in a constant mode, we need only a pair of holes of two types:

exhaust;
supply.

The intake of fresh air into the room will provide an inlet. The best place the location of the supply ventilation in the bath - near the stove, at a height as close as possible to the floor. Such an arrangement will provide rapid heating of the incoming air, not allowing it to cool the room, maintaining a constant temperature.

Scheme of air movement inside the steam room.

Extraction slots are necessary to remove superheated moist air and carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) from the steam room. Exhaust openings should be located opposite, as high as possible, slightly below the edge of the ceiling. Both lugs are preferably positioned opposite each other in order to effectively create and maintain a continuous exchange of air.

Attention! Do not plan the location of the exhaust outlet directly in the ceiling! A hole for the exit of air masses in the ceiling part leads to a sharp cooling of the bath, preventing hot masses from lingering.

With the concept of locating the supply and exhaust openings, everything is clear and there are no problems in organizing work on the ventilation device in the bath with your own hands. But the task of maintaining a high temperature in the steam room and at the same time effectively removing exhaust air and carbon monoxide remains open.

You should also pay attention that the ventilation in the bath should work to maintain an acceptable temperature in the premises for hygiene procedures, in the dressing room, and other parts of the room: in the dressing room, in the washing room and in the rest room. And if you are faced with the task of implementing a ventilation scheme in a steam room with your own hands, you should think about doing the job right.

The correct scheme of air circulation in the bath

Main types of ventilation

There are two main types of ventilation:

natural;
forced.

Which one to choose depends on the design of the bath and the volume of its premises.

Ventilation using an electronic control unit

Natural ventilation of the bath

It starts up on its own due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside the room and outside. The efficiency of natural flows depends on the placement of air inlet and outlet openings. It is better and more optimal when the feed holes are close to the floor. Place them at a height of 200-350 mm, next to the stove. It is better to place the exhaust pipes of the hood on the opposite wall, below the ceiling level of 150-200 mm.

Ventilation systems with natural air movement are not suitable for ventilating a steam room or sauna, as the cold air in this room accumulates at the bottom of the floor, and the hot air at the top. We also need hot streams to linger in the steam room as long as possible.

Adjusting the movement of the air flow is accompanied by difficulties, but with the correct arrangement of the components of the ventilation system with your own hands, you can cope with this problem.

Natural ventilation for a steam room is not desirable, it is advisable to organize it in a recreation area

Forced ventilation

This kind of air recirculation in a steam room Russian bath or Finnish sauna can be divided into two subtypes:

Ventilation controls temperature and humidity through automation electronic system, by automatically adjusting the feed and filtration. Such systems are expensive, and their use often does not match the allocated budget.
The combined ventilation system involves the sharing of conventional natural air exchange in combination with a forced fan.

Scheme of internal ventilation ducts in the wall of the bath

Ventilation in the bath depends on the type of construction

The natural movement of air with the correct location of the ventilation holes and their sizes corresponding to the volume of the premises works well in a Russian bath, assembled from round logs or timber.

The structure of the frame of the steam room must be airtight. It is advisable to use forced ventilation in frame baths made of timber. Air vents for filing suit in outer wall steam room and must be additionally equipped with a blower fan. In bath structures made of brick or concrete blocks, it is possible to achieve high-quality air movement only through forced ventilation.

Depending on what material the bath is built from, the ventilation system is selected.

We plan ventilation in the bath: subtleties and nuances

Before proceeding to the choice of ventilation scheme in the bath and the device of its design with your own hands, you need to understand the subtleties and nuances of the design.

Carefully! Even a slight mistake in the location of the air inlet and outlet leads to unpleasant consequences. In the steam room, either the desired hot temperature drops or the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) increases.

The ventilation system is laid down at the design stage of structures - the necessary channels are planned and the location of the inlet and outlet windows is determined. During the construction of the bath, adjustable windows are installed after the decorative sheathing of the room. The organization of the exchange of air masses in the room and the question "How to make ventilation in the bath" must be resolved at the design stage.

The ventilation ducts of the dressing room, bathroom, steam room, rest room, as well as openings for the inflow of fresh air and the removal of a mixture of carbon monoxide, including moist air masses, must be installed at the appropriate stages of construction. At the stage of final finishing of the premises, valves and gratings are installed to control the dimensions of the supply and exhaust openings and the cross sections of the ventilation ducts.

Basically, two factors affect the effective functioning of the ventilation of the bath:

ventilation window size. Both supply and exhaust air openings are determined by the amount of space, whether it is a dressing room, a washing room, a steam room or a relaxation room;
location of slots relative to each other.

1. Vent size

The dimensions of the slots depend on the number and volume of rooms: dressing room, steam room, bath room or lounge. Need to pick up optimal size these holes, as well as provide the possibility of its regulation. To adjust the gaps in the holes, install the door damper and the grille. The exhaust opening is made with approximately the same dimensions as the dimensions of the supply opening. In any case, the "hood" should not be less than the "supply", otherwise it is impossible to ensure a full outflow of moist and carbon monoxide air from the steam room.

In the photo on the left. air vent with slider to regulate the amount of fresh air. Keep in mind that when in large numbers ventilation windows make it harder to heat the sauna room to the correct temperature.

Large ventilation windows lead to excessive consumption of fuel or electricity. In addition, there are problems with adjusting the cross section of the ventilation ducts. It is difficult to relax if you constantly have to change the position of each valve.

IMPORTANT! The dimensions of the ventilation hole are calculated as 24 cm2 per 1 m3 of the volume of the ventilated area. For a good supply of fresh air from outside, the outlet eye must be larger than the inlet.

If the area of the ventilation holes is insufficient, the temperature, humidity and concentration of carbon monoxide in the room can rise to critical levels.

The required dimension of the ventilation opening is designed at the rate of 24 sq. cm per 1 cubic meter of bath volume

2. The location of the ventilation holes relative to each other

The functioning of any ventilation system is based on the replacement of a mass of hot air with cold air. The movement occurs under the pressure of cold air from outside, as it is heavier. It remains only to provide for the possibility of adjusting the direction of the flow of hot air coming from the stove installed in the bath.

For this reason, ventilation in a steam room is not limited to equipping a single supply opening. It is necessary to plan two windows. For optimization heat flow it is enough to adjust the gaps of a certain width in the holes with the help of a valve - a valve.

Schematic representation of the placement of ventilation holes in the steam room. Influx of fresh and removal of polluted air masses.

Ventilation in the Russian bath

Assembling ventilation in the bath with your own hands is easier if you follow a simple rule. Qualitative indicators of the ventilation system in the bath are laid down on initial stage design work. In the bath, the circulating air flows in the rooms have a pronounced temperature difference, to level discomfort from this mixture is the main task.

IMPORTANT! A comfortable atmosphere in the bath depends not only on the absence of sudden changes in temperature "horizontally", that is, when moving from one room to another: from the relaxation room to the locker room or from the steam room to the washing room. Synchronous mixing of air masses in the vertical plane is necessary: the air temperature near the floor should not be significantly lower than the temperature at the level of human growth.

The microclimate in the bath is directly affected by the number, size and location of ventilation windows.

The uniformity of intake, mixing and removal of air masses depends on the number of supply and exhaust openings, their size and location relative to each other, as well as heating devices and equipment of additional devices.

Block diagram of the ventilation device in the bath

Any scheme of the ventilation system in the bath is designed with one goal in mind - maintaining the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. Bath rooms, especially steam rooms, are exposed to water and steam, so periodic ventilation and drying is required. But airing and drying will be ineffective if proper ventilation is not organized in the bath. Proper and continuous ventilation of the steam room greatly reduces the effects of wood absorption of moisture.

Ventilation in the bath controls the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room.

Do-it-yourself floor ventilation in the bath

Air exchange in baths and saunas, among other things, provides a ventilated floor.
in constant contact with water lose appearance and fall into disrepair after 4 years. Requirements for ventilation organized by means of the floor:

it is necessary to create a stream, and make a small vent in the foundation part of the building;
the floor should be laid, leaving a gap between the boards of 1 cm;
arrange the supply air openings in parallel walls (not forgetting to protect the control grilles from rodents);
it is desirable to make the stove work as an additional hood, for this it is necessary to plan the level of the finished floor above the blower;
after completing the water procedures, it is necessary to leave the door to the steam room open until the floor in the room is dry.

Ventilation in the bath general scheme systems

Ventilation in the dressing room of the bath

There is no direct contact with water in the dressing room. That is why it is not difficult to make ventilation with your own hands in the wardrobe room, armed with photos and videos with instructions.

Use natural or hybrid ventilation. Use a fan to supply fresh air. Install vents with ventilators that need direct access to the street and a power cable connection to the power supply.

Natural and combined ventilation is allowed in the dressing room.

Ventilation in the washing area

To optimize the air exchange in the washing room, a forced ventilation system is used. It is driven by an electric motor. The air flow is removed in the direction of the vestibule (vestibule). The air supply and exhaust ducts are mounted with the same cross section. section. The inlet opening is located above ground level (2 m) and the outlet of the outlet pipe is led out to the roof.

Steam room ventilation

Special requirements are imposed on the microclimate of the steam room. The steam room must be heated quickly, while maintaining the optimum level of humidity and without drafts. Thus, for a steam room, the actual position and dimensions of the inlet and outlet channels that are used in the construction of the bath are very important.

To regulate the inflow and outflow of air, there are enough valves in the ventilated openings. A large amount of space will most likely require the use of a blower or exhaust fan.

Scheme: ventilation in the steam room

We have provided typical circuit diagrams design of ventilation in the bath. Video and images, attached instructions, will definitely help those who want to build a bath complex on their own. We wish you the speedy realization of your dreams in concrete forms!