To make life in the country comfortable, it is necessary to carry out the main communications - plumbing and sewerage. Often absent in suburban areas centralized network sewers, so each owner of the house solves the problem on his own. Periodic use of the dwelling does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to arrange a septic tank.

Often in summer cottages, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped plumbing system this option fully justifies itself, but with the installation of plumbing fixtures and a large volume of drained water, it is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make a sewer in the country with your own hands. different ways(from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping out), as well as demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photo and video instructions.

Sewerage should be built according to the developed project, including schemes for external and internal piping.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient is the installation of a collector of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

1. Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country. You can dig a pit manually or with an excavator.
2. At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
3. It is necessary to install formwork from boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
4. It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe trimmings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer line and the overflow pipe between the sections.
5. The formwork is poured with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume with the help of a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at a time.
6. In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a sealed section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, the wastewater will be divided into solid coarse fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that overflows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
7. The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter wastewater.
8. An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an inclination of 30 mm per linear meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made to provide better cleaning.
9. The overlap of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made reinforced concrete slabs are used. Be sure to arrange a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and exhaust. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump of such a system will be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil in the area is clayey or groundwater is very close to the surface, it will not work to arrange a septic tank of this design. You can stop at a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and fixed to a concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment plant. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings of a large area. Specialists are engaged in the installation and launch of the device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

External line laying

From the exit sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a pipeline. The main line must lie at a slope providing the flow of polluted water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the trench is shallow, provide thermal insulation for the line.

The average depth for laying sewers is 1 meter, in warm regions it is enough to go down by 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If necessary, make a turn, this place is equipped with a manhole. For the line, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be tight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of sewage, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in size. In two-chamber septic tanks, the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber ½. Here, a preliminary treatment of wastewater takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final post-treatment of wastewater takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. Thus, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid the systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.

It is worth considering that in Wastewater Oh, in addition to organic matter, there are also insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a design will also have to be periodically pumped out in order to get rid of the sediment that accumulates in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of a septic tank depends entirely on the size / volume / composition of wastewater.

For the independent construction of such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The norm of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of households, you will get the daily rate of water consumption in the house. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m each, and a width of 2 m. Multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. The minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to the drain pipe is 0.8 m.

The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this sediment thickens and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be immediately cleaned. The septic tank needs to be cleaned infrequently. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge for 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewage equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological preparations with special enzymes appeared, processing sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment plant.

Bacteria need to be "fed" with oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Tanks for a septic tank can be bought or made independently.

Before installing the finished structure of the septic tank, it is necessary to determine a suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house should go directly to the septic tank. Turning the pipeline is best avoided, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab / screed. The size of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise melt water in the spring they will flood the equipment of the device.

After installing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the stiffeners of the septic tank. In this case, you can not do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, after digging trenches for pipes, laying a sand cushion and installing pipes. They should be laid under a slight slope - 1-2 cm per linear meter. Pipe laying is carried out to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem, you will need a polypropylene cord and a building hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, it will be possible to insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be laid in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. The septic tank has special holes with stamps. Connect a cable to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your area is large enough, then insulate the septic tank. Any heater can be thermal insulation material which can be used for laying in the ground.

After completing the connection of electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be covered with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure in the process of backfilling the soil, water must be poured into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the backfill level of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with a ready-made plastic autonomous sewage treatment system, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. A great inexpensive material to implement the plan - concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

• Affordable price.
• Unpretentiousness during operation.
• The ability to perform work without the help of specialists.

Of the shortcomings, the following deserve attention:

1. The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure absolutely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
2. The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage equipment.

It is possible to reduce the frequency of the need to pump out a septic tank if bioactivators are used. They reduce the amount of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is illiterate, then the septic tank will be leaky, which will increase the risk of untreated sewage penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be airtight, so this drawback of the system is rightfully called conditional.

The scheme for the construction of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers designed for settling and treating wastewater and a filtration field / filter well.

If few people live in your house and a minimum of plumbing devices are connected to the sewer, then you can easily get by with a septic tank, consisting of one sump and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have many households and many devices are connected to the sewer, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must contain a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that in order to build a septic tank for 5 people, you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m 3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that in order to equip a septic tank in this particular case, you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate the septic tank chambers and the filter well. These works, of course, can be done manually, but it is long and very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earthmoving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the installation site of the sedimentation chambers must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetration of untreated effluents into the ground. Before starting concrete work, it is necessary to drain a part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sedimentation tanks, laying a sand cushion on it, with a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a blank bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it, you need to make a pillow of sand, crushed stone and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. It is very difficult to perform these tasks manually. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is laborious. Yes, and the bottom will have to be filled after the installation of the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Typically, the rings are fastened together with a solution, but for greater structural reliability, they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not suffer due to ground movement.

Now it's time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they must be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints, you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. From the outside, the tanks must be treated with coating or built-up waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water ingress will be minimized.

Installation of ceilings / backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, in which holes are provided for mounting sewer manholes. Ideally, the backfilling of the excavation should be carried out with soil with a high percentage of sand in its composition. But if it is impossible to realize this, the pit can be covered with soil removed from it before.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design made of concrete goods, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.

For arrangement autonomous sewerage according to the principle of the cleaning system, any containers can be used. It may be old metal / plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have several advantages over their metal counterparts:

1. A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
2. Barrels are highly resistant to the aggressive effects of effluents. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
3. The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at the place of permanent deployment.
4. Plastic does not need to be further processed, unlike metal.
5. The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of dirty water penetrating into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts, they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are fastened with cables to a concrete base (it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). In order not to crush plastic barrels, backfilling should be carried out very carefully.

For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for arranging sewerage is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a cover, you can use a wooden blank of the appropriate size or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig an appropriate pit, which also needs to be concreted - walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they have been treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, their installation as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. Yes, and such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For mounting reliable system for wastewater treatment, it is better to use factory polymer barrels.

To make a septic tank from 220 l barrels, you will need the following materials:

• geotextile - 80 m 2;
• sewerage pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
• crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
• corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
• plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
• coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
• wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
• Y-shaped sewer tee - 4 pcs.;
• building level;
• drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
• epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
• glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
• water tape - 1 pc.

Of the tools you will need:

• Shovel.
• Electric jigsaw.
• Rake.

For cottage/small country house if used economically, standard plastic barrels will do. Installing such a cleaning system is easy. If you do not drain black drains into the sewer, then the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If the house has a toilet, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly, calling for sewage equipment.

For private houses with permanent residence, barrels will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation in the ground does not differ from the installation of barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewer to the house:

• there is a need for a large deepening of the pipeline;
• on the way to the septic tank, you will need to install a revision well.

The sewerage system from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed for overflowing liquid from one barrel to another and a transition to the filtration fields / drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated with foam. After that, the pit with a septic tank is filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Pipe laying

Scheme

Thanks to modern technology and science, many technologies have been invented that allow drainage without harming the environment. The sewerage of a country house can act in the following form:

• as a cesspool;
• septic tank;
• biological treatment plant

It should be understood that the construction of any of the above sewers implies the preparation and development of all necessary documents and schemes.

A cesspool is very easy to do with your own hands. Because of her easy installation and low cost, this type of sewage is most often used by owners country houses. However, its maintenance will cost a pretty penny, since it is necessary to pump out drains very often when ordering the services of vacuum trucks. During pumping out in the yard stands bad smell, and the price of this event is high. It is best if you agree to clean up together with your neighbors.

To build such a sewer with your own hands, you need to calculate the volume of the cesspool. Cleaning is done no more than 2 times a year, so take this factor and the number of people living into account. So, for example, their number must be multiplied by 3 or 4 cubic meters (it all depends on how much waste each person produces monthly).

The pit is installed at a distance of 12m from the house, 1m from the fence and 30m from the well. The process itself looks like this:

1. They dig a hole of the required size with their hands or with the help of equipment.
2. Hands level the walls of the pit.
3. A reinforced mesh is laid at the bottom (it is better to put stones or bricks under it).
4. Concrete is poured onto the grid with a layer of 20-25 cm.
5. During the drying of the concrete, they build an internal suburban sewage system with their hands.
6. Carry out the laying of external sewage (I lay pipes to the pit).
7. Installation of the walls of the septic tank is carried out using concrete or brick.

The hole must be closed. You can close it using a concrete slab with a hatch, or you can make such a slab yourself using a large board and reinforced mesh.

The store sells ready-made septic tanks that require only transportation. The septic tank cleans the drains and cleans them, and anaerobic bacteria process solid organic matter. However, two tanks for wastewater treatment are not enough, and installing 4 is expensive. In fact, the septic tank is the same cesspool, only with a partition. This is a more expensive but safe solution for waste disposal. To make a septic tank with your own hands, you will need:

1. Build a pit of the required volume.
2. Fill the bottom with concrete.
3. Build walls with your hands.
4. Divide the area into 3 parts and fill in two more walls (separating).
5. When half of the wall is erected, a pipe is installed with a slight slope for overflow and then concrete is poured.

This is a modern sewer equipment, having installed it, you should not worry about possible environmental pollution. It is impossible to make a suburban sewer of this type with your own hands, but almost everyone can carry out the installation. For a station with an area of ​​1.5 cubic meters, it will not be necessary to hire lifting machines. It is made of polymeric materials, so the weight of such a sewer is not large.

With the help of a few friends, the installation of a deep biological treatment plant will be quick and easy. The main thing is that the pipe connected to the sewer installation should not be bent.

In country houses with an area where there is a high level of groundwater, a deep biological treatment plant must be installed on the surface or a small depression should be made.

ogodom.ru

degree of cleaning, do-it-yourself installation, reviews

The biological treatment plant guarantees efficient wastewater treatment in the country. The method of operation of the facility with a high degree of purification is borrowed from nature. The main work here is performed by microorganisms. According to the reviews of the owners, the equipment is trouble-free, its installation is simple.

The basis of the work of the biological treatment plant is the vital activity of microorganisms present in the effluents. Special conditions have been created here for their reproduction - air is pumped in, without which bacteria are not able to decompose waste. In fact, this is a copy of natural processes in miniature.

The device of the biological treatment station

SBO is a tank with several chambers inside. How many such chambers are in the tank, how many degrees of purification the biostation has. Each camera has a specific function:

1. First, water, entering the first compartment, settles, large inclusions settle at its bottom. Subsequently, the sediment must be periodically removed.
2. The next chamber is the activator. Air is supplied to it by means of a compressor, which is necessary for the vital activity of microorganisms. Here an anaerobic process takes place, which makes it possible to obtain activated sludge.
3. The third chamber is another settling tank, where the processed product, sludge, is pumped out.
4. From the secondary clarifier, 98% purified water enters the last chamber.

The silt resulting from the work of bacteria is an excellent fertilizer, and the water that has passed all stages of purification is suitable for irrigation. So in the country, this installation brings a double benefit.

Attention! There is no need to replenish the colony of bacteria by introducing preparations intended for dry closets. Here they will not be of any use, because. completely different microorganisms inhabit it.

Pros and cons of a biological treatment plant

If compared with a septic tank, then the aeration tank has a lot of advantages:

• the degree of purification is higher;
• no intolerable odor;
• compact parameters;

Scheme of treatment facilities

• environmental friendliness;
• simple installation - they are installed both underground and above, and deepened by half;
• no special requirements for soils;
• frost resistance;
• exclusion of such a service as calling a sewage truck.

The operation of a biological treatment plant is impossible without electricity, so if the cottage is located in an area where electricity is supplied with large interruptions, then it is better not to install such a system. The rather high price of the station can also become a minus. The acquisition will justify itself if a large amount of wastewater is to be processed.

Attention! It is impossible to drain compounds containing chlorine into the sewer, otherwise the bacteria will die. Therefore, water from washing machines and dishwashers should be drained separately. Colonies of bacteria do not survive even when the station is idle for a long time.

Station installation

The SBO installation process consists of the following steps:

1. The design of the pit, including its digging, tamping of the bottom, the device of a loading plate, if groundwater is not far from the surface.
2. Lowering the station into the prepared pit.
3. Backfilling into the pit of sand, carried out in stages and accompanied by compaction.
4. Installation of a pipe and a supply of an electric cable.
5. Ground planning.

Scheme of arrangement of a biological treatment station in the country

To perform the installation work efficiently, you should take into account some features of the process:

1. The place for the station should be chosen at a short distance from country house.
2. SBO is best installed on a concrete slab.
3. When backfilling the bioreactor, the edges are first filled with sand, then the soil is poured.
4. With a low power station, the compressor and timer are placed in a special well located next to the reactor. Mounting of the control unit outside is allowed.
5. Cables, as well as air ducts, are placed in protective covers.
6. If sewer water cannot enter the chamber by gravity, then a pumping station is additionally needed.

Advice. Silt is pumped out 1 or 2 times a year. At the same time, preventive maintenance work is being carried out. It's better when professionals do it.

Popular models of biological treatment plants

Among the SBOs suitable for giving, use the following models:

Station for deep biological treatment BIOTANK

Reviews

When choosing a SBO, it is useful to read reviews about different models.

• Oleg. I installed Eurobion in my dacha. I was afraid of an unpleasant smell, but it is not at all. The vertical riser through which these odors are removed is high, so that nothing enters the yard. I water the garden with purified, clear water. I don’t invite anyone to service, I do it myself with the help of a drainage pump. The only bad thing is that after a long break in work, it starts for a very long time.

Eurobion installation scheme

• Andrei. I have TOPAS installed near my country house. I installed it myself, I was even surprised that everything went smoothly. Gives out approximately 1 cubic meter of water per day. It was unusual to bring electricity to this structure, but he managed. Launched, working for 3 months. The water comes out clean and odorless.
• Egor. I bought Biotank. It has 4 degrees of purification. I had to somehow turn it off for a day, the bacteria survived, however, I had to wait a bit for the unit to switch to normal mode after being turned on again.

• Svetlana. Of course, I like that after the installation of the biological treatment plant, we have fertilizer for the beds (silt) and water for irrigation. Generally, country life became comfortable, like in an apartment. One thing is inconvenient: you can’t drain the water after washing your hair, the husband says that the filters will become clogged, and also let out washing machine.
• Ilya. I have a Bioxi station, the device resembles TOPAZ. Yesterday, after a year of operation, I decided to look inside. Everything is fine: the silt is almost not compacted, the airlifts are clean.

Almost all users agree that any models of biological treatment plants work well. Each of them has its own advantages, small disadvantages are not excluded, but it is easy to eliminate them.

How to install a biological treatment plant: video

Wastewater treatment plant: photo

dachadizain.ru

Do-it-yourself treatment facilities for a private house

Country house or country house is good. But as is customary in places remote or somewhat remote from cities, there is no water supply and sewerage system. The arrangement of sewerage is a very important stage in order to comfortably live outside the city. But sometimes the services of specialized companies are expensive, moreover, unjustifiably. So why overpay if you can equip a treatment plant in a private house with your own hands? How? We will now tell you in detail.

What is a sewage treatment plant?

Before you start arranging treatment facilities in the house, you need to decide which type is right for you both in terms of consumer characteristics, price, and, if possible, self-assembly:

• The sewage storage tank is a cesspool in which a filtering bottom and sealed cesspools are equipped.
• Devices that process wastewater, namely septic tanks, biological deep cleaning stations, biofilters and aeration tanks.

If you dig deeper, then any of these systems can be installed by yourself without the involvement of specialists, well, unless you need a couple of friends and free time. But, before equipping one or another type, you need to figure out how suitable it is for you.

Cesspool

This is the most cheap option, which can be applied to a private house. Before talking about how to equip it with your own hands, I would like to clarify some points about it. This type has been used for a very long time, it has some advantages:

• Available materials for the arrangement, one might say junk, besides, they do not need much.
• The design is simple.
• Elementary installation.

installation of concrete rings for wastewater treatment plants

But, despite the clear advantages, you need to consider the disadvantages, as they can influence the final choice:

• Over time, it will become necessary to clean the pit using sewers, which is far from cheap.
• Not every site has the opportunity for the entrance of special equipment, you need to take care of this, so as not to rack your brains over cleaning later.
• There is also a limitation on the distance to the source drinking water.
• Such a pit pollutes the soil.

Drains, getting through the sewer pipe, merge into a pit, in which a sand and gravel cushion is provided. From there, the liquid seeps into the ground, and solid waste remains on the pillow. Over time, it fills up and needs to be pumped out.

There are more modern version- it's sealed cesspool, but here the need to call vacuum trucks can occur very often, especially if you live in the house regularly. In order to minimize the number of calls to special services, you need to choose a large capacity.

How to equip one and the other option, we will tell further.

Standard pit

Since ancient times, people have used cesspools. Then, at the dug hole, the walls were covered with clay, and the toilet itself was on the street. Today, of course, such "technologies" are no longer used.

digging a well for installing treatment facilities for a private house

Whichever option you choose, the first thing to do is to dig a hole of the required size. Concrete rings, bricks, even obsolete tires are suitable for its arrangement. In the latter case, the larger the diameter, the better.

With the use of concrete rings, the technology is somewhat different. To do this, you need to install a ring on the chosen place, then climb inside it and dig it out: as you dig, the ring will fall. With the next ring, do the same, and to the required depth. Then you need to fill the bottom with a sand and gravel pillow. In most cases, three to four rings will suffice. You also need to remember to provide an outlet for the drain, namely: a hole for the pipe, which will lead the drains to the required place.

When using old tires, you can either proceed in the same way as with concrete rings, or dig a hole in advance. In the second option for laying tires, the soil around them should be compacted so that there is no space between them and the wall of the pit. If applicable brickwork, then the pits are dug in advance in approximately the same size as the pit will be. Then it is simply covered with bricks using standard masonry mortar. Don't forget to wall up the pipe or leave room for it.

From above, this structure must be covered so that it does not exude odors and does not get there. rainwater, or no one fell. It is also desirable to provide air vent and a well for pumping out.

Please note: this type will not work if there are a lot of drains, for a number of reasons:

1. The soil is not able to absorb a very large amount of water.
2. Given that the filtration will be coarse, the liquid that enters the soil will be undertreated, which means that sewage will enter it and pollute it.

sealed pits

For their arrangement, it is necessary to purchase a special container. Today, the most common are plastic pits, their sizes vary from one to dozens of cubes, so you can choose by size. But here a problem arises: first of all, it needs to be transported somehow, and then installed in the place intended for it. Completely without the involvement of special equipment can not do here. Next, we will present the sequence of works:

• Digging a hole. If a large capacity is expected, then it is not so easy to dig it out, and it is better to use the services of an excavator. If you are not embarrassed by the not very harmonious appearance of the container, then you do not need to bury it at all.
• Screed. In most cases, the container is still hidden underground, but first the pit needs to be strengthened. To do this, it is necessary to reinforce and pour a small concrete screed.
• Capacity installation. After preparation, you can install a container in the resulting pit. It can be of different shapes, so most likely it will have to be covered with a layer of soil on top so that only a pumping well remains on the surface.

When arranging this type of sewage treatment system for a private house with your own hands, you need to take into account some important factors. For example, do not wait until the container is filled to the brim: there should be no space between the lid and the drains. less than a meter distances. Take care of ventilation, so you can get rid of the strong smell when you open the hatch cover. So, equipping this type of pit, take care of the convenient entrance of special equipment.

installation of concrete rings without a bottom for arranging drainage

A closed cesspool has the following advantages:

• It can be arranged in any convenient place, as it does not pollute the soil and sources of drinking water.
• This pit is perfect for country house because it does not require high maintenance costs.

Septic tank, or how to rationally use drains

Another option is to make a septic tank with your own hands. It is a design of one, two, three or four containers. The more of them, the better the cleaning will be. With the maximum level of such filtration, it is even possible to use wastewater for technical purposes, for example, for watering or cleaning the territory.

installation of special septic tanks with a system for treating wastewater and draining into the ground

The essence of the work of this treatment plant is that the effluents, falling into one chamber, settle in it for some time. Heavy particles precipitate, then the resulting liquid passes into the next chamber. After these processes, the liquid enters the aeration field, where it is cleaned using soil bacteria, which are very numerous in the upper soil layer. In order to make such a design with your own hands, you need to correctly calculate all its parameters and take into account the features, performance, which will primarily depend on the size of the septic tank.

It is very important to determine the correct dimensions of the septic tank. Here, the amount of effluents that will be produced by the inhabitants of the house in two days is taken into account. Now we are talking about the calculation for the first chamber, since for smaller ones such a calculation goes to knocks. So, knowing that the approximate number of drains per day for one person is 200 liters, this figure should be multiplied by 3 days, since the process of filtering drains in a septic tank can take up to 3 days. In total, we get 600 liters in three days, but this is subject to the residence of one person, if more, then 600 must be multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house, which means they use water to wash dishes, take a shower, use the toilet. Having made such simple calculations, it is better to round the resulting figure up. For example, if three people live, we will get a figure of 1800 liters, that is, it is better to take a septic tank for 2000 liters.

Another size of the septic tank can be calculated if there is a water meter. Here you also need to calculate for three days, it is best that two weekends and one weekday fall into this period, since it is on weekends that the water consumption is greater, which means that the load on the septic tank is greater.

Scheme of the treatment system

Before creating such a treatment system, it is necessary to develop its scheme. We will offer the simplest one that can be implemented. The basic system includes:

• A septic tank, it can be made from concrete rings, European cups, it can also be just a foundation pit in which the walls are lined with concrete. There should be at least two cameras.
• Aeration field where post-treatment will be carried out.

When arranging a septic tank, you need to take into account that the best result can be obtained using three cameras.

The entire structure must be sloped. First, there is a pipe with a slope to the septic tanks. Each department of the septic tank should have its own hatch to control its filling. This is followed by an overflow pipe of at least two meters. The filtration field should be from 5 to 20 meters long; ventilation pipes must be installed above it. Above you need a gravel cushion of at least half a meter.

You can make a septic tank with your own hands from improvised materials. The following factors should be considered: durability, environmental friendliness, compliance sanitary standards, efficiency. You can make a septic tank from bricks, concrete rings, eurocubes.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

Septic tanks made of concrete rings are created no deeper than four meters. Four or five standard rings will be enough for this. The diameter can also be different: from 70 cm to 2 m, this indicator must be taken into account when calculating the required volume. First of all, decide how many wells there will be, where they will be located and where the aeration field will be located.

installation of meter-long concrete rings and fixing in the ground

Please note that each ring weighs several hundred kilograms, and this must be taken into account, because you will most likely have to use special equipment. But, in principle, you can do it yourself, although you will need helpers. The pit digging technology is the same as we told for the cesspool. Lay in this way you need to consistently all the rings. To bind the rings, reinforcement is used, which is welded in the middle of the structure. At the bottom of the septic tank, a screed is poured, waterproofing is carried out. The same must be done with the joints - they are covered with cement and waterproofed. With the second compartment, you need to do the same, but it needs to be made smaller in volume by 20%, from the first. From the last compartment of the septic tank, you need to make an exit to the aeration field.

European cup septic tank

It’s still easier here, you just need to find or buy such containers, you can even use them. Here it will not be possible to particularly turn around in size: both the first and second, and subsequent containers will be the same in volume, only they need to be placed 20 cm below the level of the previous compartment. In such a cube, you need to make a hole for ventilation, it should be separate for each cube and for the aeration field. Before installing septic tanks, it is necessary to dig a hole. Cubes are not heavy, it is quite possible to move and mount them together.

installation of a septic tank from eurocubes and an overflow system

The containers must be connected to the pipe that comes from the house, between themselves and draw a conclusion to the aeration field, then this entire structure should be covered with a layer of earth, leaving only ventilation pipes and wells on the surface. Such septic tanks must be cleaned of sediment in order for them to work effectively.

brick septic tank

When arranging a septic tank of a brick pit, you need to decide on the number of drains. If there are less than a cube, then one camera will be enough. In a brick septic tank, a foundation is needed; on the basis of it, “walls” should already be erected. First you need to dig a hole. Its depth is the volume of the septic tank, we described above how to calculate it. It is also necessary to seal the bottom and think over a sand cushion.

construction of a brick septic tank with a complex system of filtration and overflows

The arrangement of the chamber must begin with the processing of bricks with mastic, after which masonry is carried out using building concrete. After the construction of the structure, it is necessary to process the connection of the wall and floor of the pit with cement mortar. The walls must first be treated with clay, and then plastered, after which the installation of a two-layer waterproofing should be organized. For such a septic tank, a reinforced concrete slab is needed for overlapping. It should have two holes - one for the hatch, the second for the ventilation pipe (it can be both plastic and asbestos).

This option has many advantages, namely:

• Low price and availability.
• Reliability of a design and durability, on condition of the correct execution of works.
• Ease of arrangement.
• Placement and erection options, no need to be tied to a cube or a cylinder.
• All work can be carried out independently without the involvement of assistants.
• Practicality.

Of course, there are also disadvantages, namely:

• The construction process will take a long time, it is laborious.
• The design needs additional protection from environmental influences.

Important! Do not build a septic tank from a foam block, as it will not withstand the effects of negative factors and will simply fall apart after a short time.

Other options

The last septic tank option that we would like to talk about is a tire septic tank. This option is cheap and takes less time to implement than the previous one. All work is carried out in stages:

• First you need to markup. Lay a tire on the ground, which will be the basis of the first well, at some distance for the second. If there are more of them, then for the next ones. Now you need to dig holes according to the marks.
• Bottom. It in any septic tank should not let sewage into the ground. That is why it must either be concreted or covered with the so-called "clay plug", that is, a layer of clay of at least 20-25 cm.
• Tire preparation. Everyone needs to cut upper part, use a jigsaw or other suitable tool for this. By carrying out this operation, it will be possible to obtain smoother edges of the well, which will not let runoff into the ground.
• Mounting. You need to stack them one on top of the other. For the stability of the structure, they must be connected to each other with wire, in the future, all connecting seams are treated with a sealant to prevent leakage of drains. At a distance of 2/3 to the bottom, you need to insert a transition pipe through which the drains will enter the well from the house.
• The remaining space between the well and the pit should be covered with a layer of earth, for example, use the one that remains after digging it.
• Lid. Any material that does not rot will do.

As you can see, everyone can equip a treatment plant with their own hands, and at the same time it is not necessary to spend money on expensive cleaning systems. A self-made septic tank will serve faithfully for many years.

abvseptik.ru

Biological treatment station for a private house, comparison of a septic tank and SBO

If you do not have the opportunity to connect your country house to the central sewerage system, then the arrangement of a septic tank can rightly be considered the best solution. The use of such an installation allows you to cope with the removal of wastewater offline, which will be appreciated by any owner of a summer house or a house outside the city.

Biological treatment station can be installed by hand

The modern market amazes with a variety of proposals for choosing septic tanks for a country house - from the simplest to those characterized by complexity and perfection of design. The popularity of biological treatment stations for a private house or summer cottage is especially growing - equipment that has a number of obvious advantages that can bring a lot of benefits to their owners. Separately, I am glad that they can be installed with your own hands, which means significant savings for the family budget.

Design and principle of operation of biorefinery stations

SBO is a septic tank made of fiberglass, which includes several compartments. Their specific value is determined by the performance of the treatment plant and the design principles laid down in the installation by the manufacturer.

In addition, the deep biological treatment plant provides for the presence of equipment that performs aeration - the process of saturating sewage with oxygen. The use of such installations contributes to the growth of the number of aerobic microorganisms, which carry out wastewater treatment - "digesting" the organic compounds included in them.

Air is forced into the septic tank with deep biological treatment by means of compressors - most often one or two. Without them, the microflora in the tanks will not be able to clean the drains, since for its full-fledged life, the presence of sufficient volumes of oxygen is simply necessary.

The principle of operation of the biological sewage treatment plant provides for the phased implementation of the following actions:

• sewage entering the first compartment is settled, as a result of which heavy fractions settle to the bottom of the tank;
• in the second, aeration chamber, the main process of biological wastewater treatment is carried out, followed by the formation of activated sludge;
• water purified in this way enters the third chamber, in which it is finally settled.

It should be noted that stations for deep biological treatment of sewage are capable of removing 98% of unwanted inclusions from them. Due to this, the principle of operation of these installations does not provide for the arrangement of soil filtration fields, which is very convenient when compared with settling tanks of a conventional design.

Advantages and disadvantages

Now it is worth listing the main pros and cons that a biological wastewater treatment plant has. It should be said right away that the advantages of this equipment are much greater than the shortcomings, which ensures its steadily growing popularity. Its most significant benefits include:

• higher degree of purification, in comparison with conventional septic tanks;
• reliability and durability of the structure;
• absence of unpleasant odors;
• compact installation dimensions;
• the possibility of installation regardless of the specifics of the soil;
• no threat to the environment;
• resistance to negative temperatures;
• saving money on pumping.

In addition, the principle of operation for the maintenance of biological treatment plants is not very difficult.

Also, the operation of such installations provides for the pumping of activated sludge every few months, from which a good fertilizer is obtained for the vegetation growing on the site. Among the shortcomings of the SBO for country houses and cottages, the following points stand out:

• unlike a conventional septic tank, a biological treatment plant depends on the electricity needed to operate compressors and jet pumps;
• susceptibility to peak wastewater discharges;
• relatively high cost;
• the need to replace compressors every few years.

The biological treatment plant must operate without long downtime

Also, the equipment in question should not be idle for a long time without loading - this can lead to the death of the microflora in it. In addition, when using bio-treatment stations, effluents containing chlorine should not be drained into the sewer - again, in order to avoid harming the colonies of beneficial microorganisms.

Installation of SBO for summer cottages or suburban households

With regards to the implementation of the installation for giving this equipment, then you can perform this procedure with your own hands - without the involvement of employees. In addition, in most cases you will not need to use lifting machines - due to the low weight of the mounted structures. Install the station in the following sequence:

• digging a pit and carefully ramming its base;
• installing a slab if the groundwater level is high;
• lowering the biological treatment plant into the pit;
• backfilling of the pit, providing for compaction every 25-35 cm;
• connection sewer pipe;
• connecting the power cable needed to power the compressors and the pump;
• ground leveling.

It is also worth adding that for arranging SBO with your own hands, it is advisable for you to consider the following points:

• it is not necessary to locate the station at a considerable distance from the dwelling;
• it is most rational to install a treatment plant on a concrete slab;
• filling the station, you should first fill the edges of the pit with sand;
• if the performance of the equipment being installed is low, it is justified to place the compressor and timer in a separate well;
• cables and air ducts must be placed in special casings that provide their protection.

Remember that with your own hands it is really only possible to install a bio-treatment station. It is almost impossible to make it yourself in compliance with all quality and safety requirements, and therefore it is better to refuse such an undertaking.

Finally, it remains to be noted that when answering the question of which is better - a septic tank of a classical design or SBO, it is worth considering whether you live outside the city permanently or not. If so, then such a comparison will most often be in favor of the treatment plant - due to the ease of its installation by one's own hands, ease of operation and other reasons listed above. The final decision - an ordinary septic tank or a station - depends only on you, in accordance with your needs, features of economic activity and financial capabilities.

vodospec.ru

Autonomous sewerage in a private house. Deep biological wastewater treatment. Autonomous sewerage is the most demanded part of communications. The article talks about autonomous sewage in a private house and wastewater biological treatment plants

Autonomous sewage systems are a complex installation with a characteristic system of overflows, filtration and no less complex electronics. Only competent calculation and observance of norms and rules will ensure a long and quiet life for the “autonomy”. How to arrange an autonomous sewerage system for a private house with your own hands, using "biological weapons" for peaceful purposes?

From the cesspool to the biological wastewater treatment plant

Living in a private house is now becoming more comfortable, thanks to the successful and total implementation of engineering water purification systems. Autonomous sewerage is the most demanded part of engineering communications.

Starting with primitive and labor-intensive do-it-yourself “economy options” - cesspools and septic tank installations, modern autonomous sewerage for a private house is fundamentally different from its predecessors. At the heart of the organization sewer installations lies the principle of deep biological wastewater treatment.

What is the principle of autonomous sewerage for the house

The work of the autonomous sewage system of a private house is organized according to the wastewater treatment method, which involves the following steps:

Mechanical (cleaning of large fractions)

Biological (removal of organic compounds)

Physico-chemical

Waste water disinfection.

At the mechanical stage of treatment, the effluents pass into a state favorable for the release of suspended solids. The result of mechanical cleaning is the removal of up to 70 percent of contaminants and the creation of an even distribution of water in the drain.

The result of biological wastewater treatment is the degradation of water organic matter using microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic).

An important step in wastewater treatment is sludge dehydration or change chemical composition water. To increase the efficiency of the mechanical process in the sewer system, a flocculant is used.

The final stage of wastewater treatment is based on its disinfection and subsequent salvo discharge.

A simplified diagram of an autonomous sewage device in a private house for waste disposal consists of the following elements:

Sewage and fecal waste storage

Tanks for purification and processing.

But of particular interest are stations for deep biological wastewater treatment, which include aerotanks and methanetanks.

The aerotank is a reinforced concrete structure of an open type. Waste water, which contains organic pollutants, is passed through the aerotank, air and recirculated sludge are supplied in an active state. In the aeration tank flow type water circulates continuously. During aeration, the liquid can be in the tank for up to several days.

What is deep biological wastewater treatment

The technology of wastewater treatment using deep biological treatment plants can be confidently attributed to complex processes in which microorganisms are involved. Technologically necessary:

Create conditions conducive to the formation of enzymes

Create conditions for aeration, oxidation and decomposition of substances

In the process of the created conditions for the life support of the biopurification cycle, the breakdown of products will be carried out

Perform technological discharge of cleaning products into a reservoir or onto a relief.

To date, there are many models of stations for deep biological wastewater treatment. Recall that ready-made stations from the manufacturer are designed for the disposal of sewage, but not for their storage.

The most popular autonomous sewers are:

Poplar - Eco

and this list is updated annually with new models.

Autonomous sewerage, what could be easier! This video will tell you about it.

Stations for deep biological wastewater treatment have an impressive cost, however, performance characteristics provide a good degree of wastewater treatment. In addition, the advanced sewage treatment technology makes it possible to reuse the treated waste water for irrigation. How to install an autonomous sewer for a house with your own hands?

Installing an autonomous sewer yourself

Of course, it is preferable to entrust the installation of autonomous sewage to specialists. If you intend to install it yourself, then you first need to consult with specialists who will help in choosing a place for digging a pit for installation. It does not hurt to draw up a plan and installation scheme.

selection of installation model for autonomous sewage

When selecting a plant model, the following initial data are required:

Number of consumers and users of sewerage

Location of groundwater and its water pressure level

Geological composition of soil and soil

Working volume of the receiving chamber

Depth of insertion of the outlet pipe

Estimated place of volley discharge of sewage.

Based on the collected data, the selection, purchase and delivery of an autonomous sewage installation is carried out.

Helpful information

In the model of treatment facilities, the manufacturer indicates the depth of the tie-in of the sewer pipe into the system. This is a height of 1.05 - 1.45 mm from the soil level to the lower edge of the supply pipe.

what you have to do with your own hands for installation and installation

Installation activities for an autonomous wastewater treatment plant consist of the following steps:

Earthworks for excavation

Installation of the station structure into the pit (without concreting)

Insulation of the top and side parts of the station

Sand station design drainage

Gaskets for inlet and outlet pipes (inlet sewer pipe Ø110 mm with insulation and outlet pipe Ø110mm type DGT-PND)

Laying of an electric cable VVG 4x1.5 in a protective tube PNDØ25

Installation of a conical filtration well Ø0.6m. at the top, Ø1m. at the bottom, up to 2 m high.

Compressor connections

Polymer-sand manhole installations

Soil backfill.

If at the sight of this list of ongoing events your enthusiasm has not faded, then it's time to watch the proposed video.

How to independently install a wastewater treatment plant will help you video.

svouimirukami.ru

The device of the biological sewerage treatment station for the house

• comfortable stay at home.

The principle of operation of the biological treatment plant

Installation of a station for deep biological wastewater treatment

System advantages:

Disadvantages:

Comparative table of wastewater treatment methods

Septic tank device

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

• Installing a septic tank is more difficult.

Using a septic tank to give

• compressor;

• first a pit is made;
• the station is immersed in the pit;

Mounting Features

Installation of a biological treatment station

Biological sewerage for a country house is a modern environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment.

abvseptik.ru

Overview of biological treatment stations for summer cottages

Country sewerage is convenient and modern solution, therefore, in dachas and in private villages, local purification systems are increasingly being installed. Such systems are able to provide high-quality and efficient wastewater treatment through the decomposition of organic substances contained in them. Thus, problems regarding the disposal of these compounds are solved.

If a biological treatment station is installed for a summer residence, then you can forever forget about the issue of waste disposal and removal of sewers.

The installation of an autonomous sewage system in your home does not require much effort, while the result of the work justifies the costs. As a result, an ordinary summer cottage turns into a comfortable suburban housing designed for year-round use.

On the one hand, the owner of a country house must himself monitor the operation of the autonomous sewage system, ensuring its serviceability. On the other hand, if you purify wastewater and do sewage in the country with your own hands from a barrel, then you can be calm that everything is in order.

One of the main advantages of such systems is the independence from the general sewer system, which often fails. It is also worth noting that the price of such a solution is quite acceptable.

There are many important advantages of installing an autonomous sewer system:

• eliminates the risk of pollution and poisoning of the land on the site;
• the environment is not polluted, namely groundwater and reservoirs;
• comfortable stay at home.

Features of biological wastewater treatment

As a rule, biological treatment occurs with the participation of bacteria, which are divided into two groups:

• due to aerobes, ammonia is converted into nitrates and nitrites;
• due to anaerobes, nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide are released in gaseous form.

Biological treatment is the most convenient and safest way to treat domestic water in the sewer system. There are various types of stations, the work of which is based on the vital activity of aerobic bacteria, the question of how to make a toilet in a country house with a sewer can be solved quickly and easily. Thus, organic compounds in wastewater decompose into simple components.

It should be noted that the biological method of wastewater treatment is considered the most versatile, since a local sewerage system can be installed in any suburban area. There is also no need to connect to a centralized sewer system.

You can install such systems for a country house of a country type, a cafe, a hotel, a restaurant and other establishments. Due to the biological treatment of wastewater, the destruction of organic impurities is ensured, so the water becomes clean and transparent. The advantages also include the absence of a problem with the disposal of water and a decrease in the risk of its re-contamination.

Autonomous sewer systems used for effective cleaning household drains. This is perhaps the most successful solution to such problems of a country house.

Biological stations are able to qualitatively purify wastewater without accumulation, which occurs in the case of using conventional septic tanks. If such a station is installed in the house, then there is no need to call a sewage truck.

Autonomous sewage system has a compact size and can be installed on any soil.

Deep biological treatment plant or septic tank?

The station consists of 4 sections, in which there is a stage-by-stage purification of wastewater due to activated sludge and oxygen. In this case, purification is carried out up to 98%. The resulting water can be fully used for irrigation or for technical needs.

Such a biological treatment plant is compact and easy to install, which is an indisputable plus for independent work. In addition, no further pumping of settling effluents is required. Despite this, the station needs regular maintenance, which consists in washing the sections with a pressure washer, in addition to this, the unit will need to be restarted. You can do this yourself or contact service department. An important condition is the careful handling of the station during its operation.

It is advisable to use such treatment facilities at facilities where permanent residence is planned.

System advantages:

• Compact dimensions - the deep biological treatment station does not take up much free space.
• Easy installation - this is especially important for independent work.
• Pumping out is not necessary if maintenance is performed in a timely manner.
• There is no need to install a post-treatment system.

Disadvantages:

• The station is volatile, so it does not work without electricity.
• Regular maintenance required.
• To wash the unit, you need to use special detergents that can be bought at the store.
• If no one lives in the house in winter, equipment conservation and its subsequent launch will be required.

Septic tank device

The device is a polyethylene container, consisting of three sections, directly in which wastewater is purified up to 90%. Such septic tanks should not be confused with simple storage tanks. This device performs wastewater treatment by directing water into special systems for final purification. Such water can be used as a technical liquid, for irrigation of the soil or for the construction of drinking sources.

If the water from the septic tank is not further purified, then unpleasant consequences can be observed. There is sediment left in the device, which must be pumped out, about once a year. From a certain point of view, septic tanks are considered cheaper than biological treatment plants, but do not forget about the need to use a post-treatment system. Installation of such a unit is relatively more difficult, since anchoring is required. Despite this, this system can be used for country houses where year-round living is not provided.

Advantages:

• It does not require electricity to work.
• Do not buy and use special detergents.
• The device can be used both in the country and for the house where people live permanently.
• Maintenance is not required, the filtration composition in the post-treatment system needs to be changed once every 15 years.
• Affordable cost, even if you take into account the purchase of a post-treatment system.

Disadvantages:

• The need for post-treatment systems.
• Installing a septic tank is more difficult.
• Periodic pumping required.
• Such a septic tank in the country with your own hands from the rings can be installed for any house or cottage.

The principle of operation of biological treatment plants

Stations where sewage biotreatment is carried out are called SBR reactors. Intermittent aeration of activated sludge colonies takes place in them. As a result of such actions, ammonium is converted to nitrogen, while phosphate-accumulating bacteria contribute to the removal of phosphorus from wastewater.

Inside the case, made of foamed polypropylene, the stations are located:

• block automatic control;
• compressor;
• 4 chambers, namely the receiving chamber, the aerotank, the activated sludge stabilization chamber and the secondary clarifier.

Wastewater treatment steps at aeration stations:

• There is a separation of wastewater into fractions in the receiving chamber.
• The wastewater is then saturated with oxygen. Effluent is pumped through the operation of airlift pumps, in other words, air bubbles act on the water, while the biomass is not damaged.
• When biomass enters the aeration tank, they turn into suspended activated sludge, on the flakes of which the main purification is carried out.
• After that, the spent sludge enters the chamber, where the activated sludge is stabilized.
• In the secondary clarifier, the treated effluents are released from particles that are in suspension.
• When the wastewater treatment process is completed, the wastewater is discharged into a reservoir or simply onto the terrain of the site.
• After going through all the processes, the sludge becomes safe and can be used as a biofuel or a good fertilizer for plants in the country.

Installation process of biological treatment plants

The advantages of installing equipment include the absence of the need to use special equipment. So, you should follow a certain sequence:

• first a pit is made;
• if there is a high level of groundwater, then it will be necessary to form a loading plate. In the case of non-watered soils, the station will have to be installed on a compacted site;
• the station is immersed in the pit;
• the pit is covered in layers with sand and compacted;
• inlet and outlet sewer pipes are mounted;
• bring the electric cable;
• the site is being planned, while only the hatch will be visible on the surface.

Mounting Features

During the installation of a biological station, it is required to take into account the following features:

• the bioreactor should be mounted at a short distance from the house, while the station is completely or partially submerged underground;
• concrete rings are not used for installation, therefore, the cost of construction works;
• the station is usually installed on a concrete slab;
• the edge of the bioreactor is sprinkled with sand and then earth;
• if the equipment is of low power, then the timer and compressor will be located near the reactor in the technological well. If necessary, the control unit can be installed on the outside of the bioreactor;
• with the help of special casings protect air ducts and cables;
• if it is not possible to organize the flow of water into the equipment by gravity, then it is necessary to install a pumping station.

Only specialists should pump out excess sludge, check airlifts, compressor and aerator membranes, as well as change faulty parts and clean the walls of the bioreactor. Such processes are required to be carried out at least 1-2 times a year.

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Sewerage and wastewater treatment in a private country house

Country houses located in country associations, rural areas and even in a number of cottage villages do not always have the ability to connect to a centralized sewer network. The optimal solution to the problem is the use of a local treatment plant - VOC

From the cesspool to the VOC

Modern technologies in the field engineering equipment are striding by leaps and bounds, and today many types of domestic wastewater treatment plants have been developed. Let's take a look at how history unfolded. private sewer.

First - a cesspool, then its modernized version - a septic tank, and finally installations in which a full cycle of wastewater treatment is carried out. The latter are called differently: stations (systems) for deep biological treatment, wastewater treatment plants (STPs), local treatment facilities (VOCs), etc.

In order not to get confused in these names, which essentially mean the same thing, we will use the abbreviation VOC.

But we will talk about VOCs a little later, and now we will discuss the question: are septic tanks already in the past or not yet?

Since a consumer who is inexperienced in the problems of private sewerage sometimes misinterprets the meaning of this term, it would not be out of place to recall that an industrial septic tank is a large container (most often made of plastic) located in the ground and connected by a supply pipe to the sewer outlet from the house.

The simplest septic tank is essentially a large barrel, more complex models are divided into two or three sections or consist of two or three individual containers. In a septic tank, wastewater does not just accumulate, it is where they first decompose into heavy ones, gradually settling down, and light ones, floating to the surface. Thanks to this treatment method, which is called mechanical, the wastewater is cleaned by 60%, which is a very low degree of purification, and therefore it is forbidden to dump it on the terrain.

Ten-year-old technologies implied the installation of filtration fields in the area adjacent to the house - drain systems, through which soil post-treatment of wastewater from the septic tank took place. Today, this is an outdated method. However, the septic tank itself cannot be discounted. Sometimes it helps to solve certain problems. For example, if we are not talking about a year-round country house, but about a summer house where the family visits seasonally or periodically. Since the septic tank is suitable for processing a relatively small volume (1 -3 m 3 / s.) of domestic wastewater and fecal matter, it will be necessary to call in a sewage truck from time to time. To reduce the rate of filling the tank, drains can be divided into "gray" (water after washing dishes, bathing, washing) and "black" (receipts from the toilet) and send only "black" to the septic tank.

In any case, for a house of periodic stay, a septic tank will be the most economical solution. Sometimes it has to be set for other reasons. For example, in water protection zones, where it is forbidden to use even VOCs that clean wastewater by 94-98%. Actually, this is all the information that a private developer needs to know about a septic tank in order to make a choice in favor of a septic tank or VOC.

Wastewater disposal options

a) Discharge of purified water by gravity into the existing drainage network
b) Discharge of wastewater to an intermediate well in which a drainage pump is installed
c) Pressure discharge of wastewater into a road ditch
d) Gravity discharge of sewage into a filtering (drainage) well

Principles of operation of aeration VOCs

Individual sewer installations on Russian market presented in great numbers. Some of them, called differently, are actually almost "twins". And therefore it makes no sense to describe each model separately and compare them. It is much more important for the future user to understand the fundamental constructive difference between systems from each other.

Conventionally, all installations can be divided into two types: aeration and complex. In the first, wastewater treatment occurs due to the work of aerobic bacteria, which use the oxygen contained in the air for their life activity. How does it enter the VOC tank? Aeration (saturation of water with air oxygen) is forced: for this, compressors (pneumatic aeration) or pumps (ejector aeration) connected to the installation are used.

The wastewater treatment method used in such equipment is biological, therefore this type of VOC is also called biological treatment systems (less commonly, bioseptics). Structurally, the device is a container (usually made of polypropylene) with technological hatches, divided by partitions into several sections: septic tank, anaerobic bioreactor, stage I aeration tank - biofilter, sedimentation tank, stage II aeration tank, secondary sedimentation tank - contact tank, pump compartment. The number of camera compartments for different models may be different.

Their common purpose is to sequentially purify domestic wastewater to the parameters specified in the technical data sheet. This is done in the following way. Wastewater is sent to a septic tank, where it is fermented, suspended solids are separated, sand and other insoluble impurities are settled. After that, partially clarified effluents enter the anaerobic bioreactor, where they are treated with anaerobic sludge (community of microorganisms). The process takes place without access to oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria convert organic compounds that are difficult to oxidize into easily oxidizable ones. Then comes the turn of cleaning in the aerotank of the 1st stage with the effect of oxygen (using forced aeration). Here, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge, which absorbs and oxidizes pollution. After that, the wastewater enters the second stage aerotank, where it is further purified (by oxidation and adsorption) with a biofilm of microorganisms formed on a load of artificial "algae" with continuous fine-bubble aeration. Further, in the secondary clarifier, the activated sludge is deposited and returned to the septic tank using an airlift, and the wastewater, purified up to 98%, is discharged to a lower relief place. This is how VOCs of the first type work - aeration ones.

Integrated wastewater treatment plants in a private house

VOCs of the second type are complex installations in which wastewater treatment occurs in three ways: mechanical, biological and chemical-physical (coagulation). Structurally, they differ significantly from aeration plants. Integrated VOCs consist of a vertical sedimentation tank with baffles (septic tank) and a bioreactor located above it. Sediment settling and anaerobic treatment take place in the septic tank. In the bioreactor - aerobic (with oxygen) treatment of already clarified wastewater. Bacteria attach to the biofeed of the reactor, forming an active biofilm. The set of installations includes a precipitating chemical (coagulant) in the form of tablets. It binds phosphorus, significantly reduces its concentration in wastewater and accelerates the process of precipitation. The coagulant is in a plastic container, which is hung on the toilet bowl. With each flush, particles of the substance enter the system along with drains.

What does the consumer need to know?

Aeration VOCs do not allow volley discharge of wastewater (more than 100 l / h). For example, if there are frequent guests in the house, the consumption of wastewater (taking a bath, shower, etc.) increases dramatically, due to which the colony of bacteria that is used for cleaning is partially (or completely) washed out. And consequently, for some time after a volley discharge, the installation will not be able to treat wastewater to the indicators indicated in the passport. A prolonged power outage also negatively affects the operation of systems of the first type, namely, it leads to the partial or complete death of a bacterial colony. True, some manufacturers "forget" to notify the buyer about this. Others convince that this is not a significant drawback of the devices, because you just need to put the bacteria bought in the store for septic tanks into the container, and the installation will begin to function as before. This is true, but reaching the degree of wastewater treatment declared by the manufacturer will occur in this case no earlier than in two to three weeks.

But for complex VOCs, neither a salvo dump nor a power outage threatens negative consequences. The reason for this is in the design differences between the installations of the first and second types. The fact is that in aeration VOCs, aerobic and anaerobic processes occur in one volume, where, due to aeration, there is a constant mixing of activated sludge. In complex VOCs, sludge is deposited in a separate chamber, where it is in a state of relative rest, and since bacteria in such systems live not only in water, but also in a bioreactor, they are not threatened by leaching with abnormal effluents, as well as death due to shutdown electricity. Even with a long interruption in the power supply, the bacteria on the biofilter are alive for three months. The output to the operating mode declared by the manufacturer occurs 4-10 days after the start of the installation.

Household waste (toilet paper, hygiene items) should not enter the aeration installations, as this can lead to blockage of the pumps that ensure the operation of the station. In addition, it is not desirable to drain chemical household detergents there, which worsen the conditions necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. But complex installations are more “loyal” to these factors, mainly due to their design features. Household debris (toilet paper, napkins, food debris, pet hair, polymer films) that has fallen into them remains in the settling chamber and cannot enter the section where the pumps are located. A small amount of chlorine-containing preparations (washing powder, bleaches), which, together with water, entered the VOC of the second type, will also not lead to a loss of system performance.

Both types of devices are volatile - the compressor (pump) must operate in continuous mode. However, complex VOCs have somewhat lower electricity consumption due to the fact that they do not use a compressor, but a timed pump (15 min./on - 15 min./off).

On the Russian market there are systems of varying complexity from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. In some of them, the cleaning process is controlled by a programmable controller that changes the operating mode of the installation based on the amount of incoming wastewater. If there are few of them, the controller switches the system to an economical mode, with volley discharges - to a forced one. Although automation simplifies the operation of the system, it significantly increases the cost of VOC and its further maintenance.

Where to take drains in a country house

When installing equipment, one of the main questions is where the water treated in the installation goes. The easiest option is to divert it by gravity. After treatment in VOCs, wastewater is discharged directly onto the terrain or into a drainage network (trench, roadside ditch) at least 80-90 cm deep, protected from flooding. The second option is a filter well, used in cases where gravity drainage is not possible.

From the VOC, at a distance determined by the project, a reinforced concrete well is made about 3 m deep at the bottom of which crushed stone is poured (in order to increase the system performance). The capacity of the well depends on the type of soil.

In sandy soils, it is 80 l / day. per 1 mg of the area of ​​the outer surface of the filter cylinder of the well, in sandy loam - 40 l / day. In clay soils or where the water table is high this scheme does not work. In these cases, drainage pumps are used. For pumping purified water from VOCs, submersible devices with a conditional passage (maximum size of impurities) of 10-12 mm are used. The pump can be installed directly in the last chamber of the VOC or in an additional intermediate well, it must be sealed. This is necessary so that the pump does not also pump groundwater.

When installing a wastewater treatment system, it is important to consider that it should be located at a distance of 3-5 m from the cottage in order to winter time sewage coming from the house did not freeze on the way to the VOC

Prices

Manufacturers indicate the cost of installations in different ways. Some name the price only for the equipment itself, others - per system"turnkey", that is, taking into account the installation.

When choosing devices for wastewater treatment, it is better to focus on a full range of services. On average, VOC + delivery to the customer's site + installation will cost from 80,000 rubles. (installation volume is designed for four users) up to 140,000 rubles. (for ten users).

For some systems, monthly service activities may be required, the cost of which per year sometimes reaches 20% of the equipment price.

The general rule for all installations is to clean the settling chamber on average once a year from the accumulated excess sludge using a sewage truck. The cost of sewer services is 750-800 rubles / m 3.

What volume of wastewater installation to choose

The choice of a household treatment plant for specific building conditions is a complex multi-factorial task. First of all, it is necessary to calculate the performance of the equipment, since the size of the tank depends on this.

The specific norm of water disposal (according to SNiP 2.04.01-85) is from 200 to 300 liters per person per day and includes the use of a toilet, bath, shower, kitchen sink and washing machine. A family of three to four people spends an average of 200 liters of water per day on washing, washing dishes and washing, another 200 liters on the toilet, and 400 liters on a shower and bath.

In total, 800 liters are obtained. The size of the container is chosen taking into account that its working volume exceeds the daily rate of water consumption by three to five times. Therefore, in our example, a 4 m 3 tank is needed.

Do-it-yourself installation of an aeration station (VOS) - photo

a) Preparation of the subsystem pit b, c) The body of the installation is placed in the pit, d, e) Insertion of underwater and drainage lines into the body of the treatment plant f, g) Installation of electrical equipment, filling the installation with water and sprinkling with sand, h) The outer part of the aeration station

SEPTIC, BIOSEPTIC OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT STATION - TO CHOOSE FOR A PRIVATE HOUSE?

Previously, it was more difficult to organize “life support” according to urban standards in rural areas than in space. Fortunately, times have changed, the issue is also being resolved where the connection to the centralized water supply and sewerage is a matter of an unrealistically distant future. It is simply solved locally for one or several households - by drilling an artesian well and choosing an autonomous sewerage system.

What to prefer - a septic tank, a bioseptic tank or a biological treatment plant?

All options for local treatment systems (VOCs) have both “pros” and cons. Let's figure it out!

Local principles

Let's start with some science. It must be understood that any modern device that solves the “toilet” problem (by the way, including the dry closet) works thanks to microorganisms. As a result of the vital activity of these creatures invisible to the eye, biological oxidation processes take place in the effluents. The solid waste fraction decomposes, other organic compounds are formed, and the water settles. Everything is simple, but there is a nuance. Biological oxidation is of two types: aerobic (when the process goes with oxygen access) and anaerobic (without access).

And the bacteria involved in these processes are different. When aerobic are taken into account, the degree of purification corresponds to the current hygiene standards; when anaerobic are working - it does not correspond, and additional cleaning is required.

What is a septic tank

In fact, a septic tank is a sedimentation tank for sewage waste with anaerobic bacteria. Structurally, they are a tank - sealed or without a bottom. There are models consisting of non-

how many containers connected to each other with nozzles and overflows. Heavy particles sink to the bottom, the most liquid fraction sequentially flows from chamber to chamber. Defending in this way, the plums are gradually cleaned.

Theoretically, the more chambers (tanks) a septic tank has, the better and more reliable it is. But in practice in complex systems the risk of breakage is higher, their operation is more expensive, since many components require periodic maintenance. In addition, as a rule, the largest amount of sediment remains in the first section. So it’s not worth unnecessarily complicating the septic tank, three containers are the optimum.

part of a larger whole

A septic tank is not a self-sufficient device. Thanks to anaerobic processes, plums will leave about 65% of pollution in it. Where to put the foul-smelling moisture, which is still far from ideal? It is poured into a drainage well or taken away through the so-called "filtration field" (a piece of land, arranged away from the house in a special way to purify water by filtering it through the soil). Therefore, it is necessary to have this drainage well or a place sufficient for organizing a “filtration field” on your land plot. What to do with the sediment accumulating at the bottom of the chambers? It is periodically raked out. Alas, one cannot do without a vacuum cleaner. This means that it is necessary to ensure the free access of the sewer truck to the septic tank. These points will have to be taken into account when choosing an autonomous sewage system.

"Pros" and "cons" of septic tanks

Maintaining performance after long breaks in use.

Some models do not require an electrical connection.

Low degree of wastewater treatment - up to 65%.

Unpleasant odors are possible in the vicinity of the unit.

Installation requires a significant amount of space on the site.

Access roads are required for maintenance.

Difficult installation of volumetric and heavy equipment.

A septic tank is not the best solution if the groundwater level is high and if the area is clayey.

What is a bioseptic

This is a type of septic tank in which the cleaning process is enhanced by regular loading of bacterial preparations.

Its design provides for a biofilter - a small reservoir with a chemically inert, decay-resistant backfill. It can be, for example, foam balls, shungizite, expanded clay or shell rock. Backfill is an excellent medium for the growth of bacterial colonies and at the same time plays the role of a mechanical filter - it retains solid fragments of sewer drains. The degree of purification in a bioseptic tank is somewhat higher than in a conventional one, and less sediment is formed at the bottom of the chambers. That is, ceteris paribus, the sewer will have to be called less often.

What is an aerotank

In fact, initially the aerotank was called a reservoir in which the treated effluents are mixed with activated sludge - a biocenosis of microorganisms capable of absorbing organic matter. Today, the installation of deep biological treatment, including this tank, is often called an aerotank. What kind of bioseptic? You could probably say that. But, definitely, the difference between an aeration tank and a septic tank with a biofilter is fundamental: other bacteria, aerobic, are used here.

The operation of the system is based on biological oxidation with the access of air, which is pumped by the compressor. Due to aeration, the oxidation process occurs evenly throughout the volume. The "final product" - odorless sludge - is fed into a special compartment. Filtered water does not need additional purification!

ON A NOTE

Any LOS is designed for a certain number of users. To calculate the volume of the treatment plant, it is recommended to start from 200 l/day per person. The volume of simultaneous discharge of effluents (“volley discharge”) is also important. This indicator can greatly affect the quality of cleaning. The greater the throughput of the VOC per day, the more it should have a margin for the simultaneous reception of discharges from various plumbing units within an hour.

"Pros" and "cons" of the aeration tank

A high degree of wastewater treatment - the product is odorless at the outlet.

Possibility of installation in a ventilated basement. The aeration tank does not have to be buried in the ground, like a septic tank (a fan riser is required!).

Space is saved on the site - the "filtering field" is not needed.

In winter, the aerotank is more efficient than a septic tank (aerobic processes occur with heat release, anaerobic processes with absorption).

Any developer, when landscaping a country house, sooner or later is puzzled by the question of how to arrange a local sewer system. Modern technologies will solve this issue in several ways, including a treatment station, a septic tank made of concrete rings, and so on. But to choose the best option a comprehensive solution is needed.

Wastewater treatment methods

You need to know that there are two ways to treat wastewater: anaerobic and aerobic.

The first method is used in various types of septic tanks - from simple overflow septic tanks made of concrete rings to local treatment facilities. The second method of purification is used in autonomous sewage systems - deep biological treatment stations.

The first method is used in various types of septic tanks - from simple overflow septic tanks made of concrete rings to local treatment facilities. The second method of purification is used in autonomous sewage systems - deep biological treatment stations.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

This type of local treatment plant, operating on an anaerobic principle, despite its simplicity and low cost from the inside, requires a thoughtful approach. Here are some features that this type of septic tank can have.

Company Chief Engineer "Artesium" Dmitry Zadrutsky:

- Although a similar type of treatment plant on the site is often built independently, a number of features of this type of septic tank should be taken into account:

• Purification in this type of septic tank occurs by overflowing drains from chamber to chamber. And so they install 3-chamber septic tanks made of concrete rings.
• It is necessary to pay attention to the diameter of the rings. The volume of the septic tank depends on this. The larger the number of people living, the more the volume of the septic tank and the number of cameras are needed.
• If the site has a high groundwater level, then in order to avoid seepage of contaminated water into the soil, better sealing of the septic tank is required.
• For better cleansing effluents, special bacteria can be used, and for post-treatment of the effluent, it is recommended to arrange a filtration field.

The disadvantages of this type of septic tank include:

• Difficulty of installation and large volume earthworks;
• Unlike plastic septic tanks, complete tightness of the joints of the rings is not ensured;
• The need to use special equipment and a crane to install a septic tank.

This septic tank can be used to dump toilet paper, personal care products and drain from the washing machine, but dumping from the dishwasher is no longer desirable, because. fatty deposits form on the walls of the main pipe. It is impossible to use water for irrigation, and it is necessary to periodically call a cesspool truck to pump out the septic tank.

Local treatment plant

To understand what processes take place in this type of septic tank, the managing partner of the company will help us "Triton Plastic"(Moscow) manufacturer of septic tanks" TANK» Vladimir Pivovarov:

- P The principle of operation of septic tanks: sewage from domestic devices is sent by gravity through pipelines to the first chamber of the septic tank, where it is naturally separated into light - fats, oily substances, organic waste and heavy components. Heavy fractions sink to the bottom and eventually turn into silt, the lungs, along with water, enter the second chamber for oxygen-free processing by anaerobic bacteria, and then, if it exists, into the third chamber.

And the final treatment of wastewater is already carried out in the filtration fields, selected based on the absorbent characteristics of the soil at the site and the depth of groundwater during installation.

Organic sludge accumulated in the septic tank intake chamber as a result of the processing of heavy fractions from wastewater is periodically disposed of by pumping through the sleeve of a sewage machine.

It should be noted that for this type of septic tank, a mandatory device for filtration fields is required. Since the water after the septic tank is cleaned by about 60-70%, it needs additional treatment for discharge into the ground.

After the process of additional purification, the water is purified to almost 99%. However, it is not recommended to use these drains for irrigation or other needs.

Vladimir Pivovarov:

– For seasonal living, pumping is required once every 1-3 years, depending on the number of people living and the intensity of use. This can be assessed by visually opening the manhole cover in the septic tank before winter period. With permanent residence, pumping out once a year or with the addition of bacteria every 5-8 years.

In the conditions of seasonal residence, it is only necessary once a year to pump out the sediment from the septic tank during its conservation for the winter period.

And with permanent residence, using the filling of special bacteria for intensive decomposition of the sediment, approximately once a month, pumping is required much less frequently, only once every 5-8 years.

A septic tank can be used for any type of soil, including non-filtering and high groundwater levels.

The main advantages of this type of treatment plant include:

• Long service life - more than 50 years;
• Ease of operation and energy independence;
• The possibility of processing in moderation organic substances that enter the septic tank along with drains ( detergents, paper or cigarette butts);
• The durable ribbed surface of the septic tank, and its manufacture from highly durable plastic, increases resistance to aggressive chemicals and seasonal temperature changes.

Deep biological treatment station

We understand what advantages the biological treatment plant contains and how wastewater is cleaned.

Company expert "SBM - Group" producing autonomous systems of local sewerage UNILOSBeskishchenko Maxim .

– The principle of operation of the deep biological treatment plant is based on the method of continuous cultivation of microorganisms, which occurs under the influence of oxygen, or as it is also called the aeration method. And the purification of wastewater occurs due to activated sludge obtained from bacteria and microscopic animals.

Activated sludge is an active biomass suspended in water, which carries out the process of wastewater treatment in an aerotank. A large community of microorganisms formed during biological treatment intensively oxidize organic substances.

Thanks to the organic substances in the wastewater and the excess oxygen entering the plant, these bacteria begin to develop rapidly and then stick together into flakes, after which they secrete enzymes that mineralize organic pollution. When it enters the outlet sump, sludge with flakes quickly settles, separating from the treated water.

Biological treatment station allows you to use purified water for irrigation. And the activated sludge formed in the aeration tank is very similar in structure to river sludge and is a valuable fertilizer. So you don't have to call a sewage truck.

Unlike cesspools, the biological treatment plant does not accumulate sewage, but ensures their biochemical decomposition into simple, safe compounds - industrial water and stabilized activated sludge, therefore, there is no bad smell. Therefore, the biological treatment plant can be installed near the house, at a distance of 2 meters, and the purified water can be immediately diverted to the terrain without the use of soil purification systems.

We deal with the features of the operation of such a system.

Beskishchenko Maxim:

– Despite the reliability of the system, there are a number of rules that must be followed in order to effective work deep cleaning stations, namely: it is forbidden to dump construction waste, chemicals, polymeric materials, oil products and other non-biodegradable compounds into the sewer. And when there is a power outage, it is necessary to reduce water consumption, since it is possible to overflow the receiving chamber of the biological treatment plant and get untreated waste into environment. It is also necessary to produce timely pumping of activated sludge.

Summing up, it can be noted that the biological treatment plant has the following main advantages:

• The degree of purification in modern aeration installations exceeds 95%, and purified water can be sent to water bodies, without additional filtration fields;
• The biological treatment plant is easy to transport. Also, when installing the station, it is not required to carry out large-scale earthworks or install it on concrete base and anchor it;
• The mechanical properties of the body made of foamed polypropylene allow you to install the station in any, the most "heavy" soil, even at a very high level of groundwater;
• The durability of the biological treatment plant, its absolute tightness, environmental safety, resistance to corrosion, as well as to the effects of aggressive acids and alkalis, makes it possible to operate the deep biological treatment plant for at least 50 years.

Where does the choice of autonomous sewerage begin?

In order to choose a local treatment plant, the consumer first of all needs to answer a few simple questions:

• How many people will live in the house permanently;
• What type of residence will be in your house - seasonal or permanent;
• How many plumbing fixtures form drains;
• Land area;
• Features of the soil in which the treatment plant will be installed.

Vladimir Pivovarov:

– Knowing that the city water consumption rate is 200 liters per person per day, each consumer can choose the required volume of a local treatment plant for his home.

An important influence is exerted by the location of the septic tank on the site, the soil characteristics and the factor where the treated effluents will be discharged. Depending on this, the installation scheme of the septic tank and the corresponding additional equipment are selected. So for a classic installation scheme with a low groundwater level, infiltrators will be required, drainage pipes or a well, according to how you will organize the filtering fields.

Vladimir Pivovarov:

- Gardeners need to remember that planting trees closer than 3 meters from the location of the septic tank is not allowed, especially those trees that have a very powerful root system. And if there are already wells or wells with water on the site, then the installation of a septic tank filter pad should be carried out at a distance of more than 15 meters from them.

Summing up, we can say that, armed with the necessary knowledge, and most importantly, clearly imagining the capabilities and features of a particular treatment plant, any developer will be able to choose the most optimal system sewerage and sewage treatment station.

Everyone is trying to improve living conditions in a country house to the maximum. Why not, for example, arrange a separate recreation area in the country - a kind of paradise with a bathhouse, sun loungers, a gazebo for pleasant conversations, a sports ground and, of course, with a barbecue, or a barbecue (as you like). "What's new in this?" you ask. Do not rush to conclusions. The main surprise is ahead. So, thanks to the possibility of bringing all the necessary communications to the recreation area, you can now receive guests in your paradise at any time. But, if the supply of water and lighting to any place on your site is already quite common for any "home-made", then the autonomous sewerage of a private house sometimes still raises a number of questions. In this article we will tell you how to organize an autonomous sewerage of a private house based on a deep biological treatment station.

If you are going to bring the drain on your own and have already made a choice in favor of an autonomous sewage system of a private house based on a deep biological treatment station, then you must strictly observe the following procedure:

• Independently, or with the help of a specialist, choose a place for the removal of treated water.
• Choose the option for water diversion: with forced or gravity ejection.
• Select the model and manufacturer of the station. And here you can not do without competent advice from specialists.

Expert advice:
(General Director of the company "Domostroev" Vitaly Timofeevich Tokarev)
Of course, you need to choose from the main manufacturers of deep biological treatment stations that have been proven over the years, who have the relevant documents that guarantee the reliability of these stations, namely: the necessary certificates of compliance with hygiene standards and a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. If you find it difficult to give preference to someone, contact the experts. Specialists will also help you decide on the model of the station, its manufacturer and at the same time choose necessary equipment. In addition, they will prompt, if there is any doubt, whether you have chosen the right place for the future station. As a rule, the most optimal solution is to make the sewer route without turns, so as not to install additional revision wells. Without revision wells, it will be very problematic to clear the blockage in pipes with turns.

AT big problem the wrong choice between manual and work of special equipment can also result.

To prevent this from happening, you need to know in which cases to give preference to one or another force.

In what situations is it possible to prepare the pit only manually:

1. When it is impossible to enter the site for special equipment.
2. When in the course of work there is a real threat of violation of the already formed landscape.

A completely different calico, when a wheeled excavator can freely drive up and work directly at the installation site. If the weather and soil are favorable for the rapid development of the pit, then the work of the excavator will take no more than 20-25 minutes. But this is ideal. In practice, such development takes much longer. Much depends on the amount of sand in the soil and the height of the groundwater level. At in large numbers and both (such soil is called "quicksand"), the time of work may take up to several hours and it may be necessary to install formwork. With a large amount of water-saturated loam or clay, work can take the whole working day.

Sequence of work

Excavation

Let's define the scope of our tasks, the number and complexity of which largely depends on the chosen location for the installation of a biological treatment plant. In our example, it is quite traditional - near the bathhouse, specifically - two meters from the main ditch. A smaller distance, according to the rules of SNIP, is not recommended. Now we plan the exit of the sewer pipe. And here we will not surprise anyone. The route will start from home. Its length, according to our calculations, is 23 meters to the installation site. The distance is decent, we exceeded the norm by up to 15 meters and, according to the rules, we still cannot do without an additional revision well.

We don’t have the opportunity to use special equipment, since the passage to the house is too narrow, and we don’t want to spoil the design landscape. So, we will work manually. The site will require a force of three, and preferably five people.

We order in advance and bring sand, which will be needed to create a sand cushion both in the pit and under the pipes (for three or four people, 3-5 cubic meters of sand each, this is approximately, it all depends on the installation conditions of the station).

We were lucky, the site turned out to be sandy soil, there is no need to bring sand.

Materials for mounting a stand-alone station

• sewer pipes for outdoor work
• insulation
• bends
• electric cable
• corrugation
• manholes

Model stations must be unloaded in a vertical position.
The installation itself is carried out in three stages

The size of the pit for the station (take the average number - for 5 people) is 1.5 × 1.5 m wide, and 2.3 m deep. To prevent erosion of the walls of the pit due to the high level of groundwater (this is common), we make formwork. In this case, the width of the pit increases by about 0.3 m. This is exactly what we will do. We dig a hole measuring 1.8 by 1.8 m, taking into account the width of the formwork.

Throughout the work, do not forget to measure the depth of the pit. If groundwater still penetrates the formwork, a drainage pump must be used.

As soon as the last centimeter is dug, we immediately begin the descent of the station so that the pit is not attacked by groundwater with sand.

Descent station

We lower the station into the pit on ropes. Help will be required from all those present on the site. This procedure does not tolerate fuss.

Then, all compartments of the station are filled with water. At the same time, we level the station body and sprinkle it, ramming the sand so that the station does not sink along with the ground. The septic tank is filled up, like water, on the upper level of the station.

We fall asleep, but not completely, since the connection of the highways is still to be done - input and output.

Digging a supply trench

For sewer pipes (diameter 110 mm), we dig a trench 0.5-0.6 m wide in order to feel the stability of our legs during installation. It will be impossible to arrange a high-quality sand cushion in a different way. At the entrance to the station, we leave 0.6 m at the depth of the supply pipe. Thus, the trench is dug along the entire length with a depth of 0.2 to 0.7 m with a slight (3 percent) uniform slope to the station along the entire length. Then the bottom of the trench is leveled with sand.

We fall asleep a sand cushion along the entire length at a slope of 3 cm per meter. Seal by checking the level. Then, only a part of the line is laid out from the pipes and on the wall of the receiving chamber we mark the place of the tie-in of the line.

For external laying of the highway, we use pipes of a specially red color. Even before laying, do not forget to put thermal insulation on the pipes, which greatly simplifies the entire installation of the route.

1. We cut a hole in the wall of the receiving chamber with a prepared crown.
2. We hermetically solder the joint seam using polypropylene solder. We apply it with a special nozzle of a building hair dryer.

Now it is possible to install on our long route, according to the instructions of SNIP, a revision well. Important note: the well must be made of special materials that are not afraid of temperature changes, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and soil pressure.

The very exit of the sewer pipe from the house is nothing more than a vertical "riser", which is necessarily insulated to the height of the basement. The connection of the vertical and horizontal parts of the riser uses a tee in case of clearing the blockage.

When we have laid the entire route, we make a fixing backfill to prevent violations of the slope of the pipes, its shift towards the septic tank. Then we lay the electric cable (in a protective corrugation) in black.

Now we need a drainage trench for the drainage ditch. It will be located near the station. We are planning a device for gravity drainage of treated effluents, so we lay the pipes in the insulation right up to the ditch. There are literally two meter steps to the ditch, so we use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.

It should be borne in mind that the wastewater from the treatment plant is warm all year round. Given this fact, in the process of laying under the roadway, double-walled corrugated pipes mostly, but there are some errors. And not only in this case.

Pressure polyethylene pipes(HDPE) with a cross section of 25mm are used and laid with a counter angle for forced retraction. AT winter season it is recommended to lay along the entire length of the line, with additional thermal insulation, a self-regulating heating cable.

We dig a trench under the outlet line and clean the bottom of the trench for a sand cushion under the pipe (with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 m).

The pipe in the insulation is laid on the sand. Then it is connected to the station using a branch pipe with a diameter of 11 cm.

We finish the installation with the outlet of the discharge system into a deep gutter.

The penultimate stage - we start the electric cable through a sealed input on the cable wall and connect it to the control unit (we do this according to the scheme). Next, we connect the lamp, as well as the float, alarm. Such a system is necessary to increase the reliability of the entire autonomous sewage system. Thus, you will always be aware of the work of the station around the clock.

If we consider the situation with forced emission, then two electrical appliances are mounted inside the station - this is a compressor and a drainage pump, sometimes a heating cable is connected.

This must be remembered:

1. The compressor is fixed with a clamp to the air duct and the power cable is connected to the socket located inside the station.
2. A drainage pump is installed in the tank for treated wastewater and connected to the socket with a cable. 3) an output line is connected to the pump, sometimes with a heating cable.

For the summer, the cable can be disconnected, in order to save electricity, we recommend that you do not exclude this possibility.

The end of the electrical cable brought into the house is fed to the shield (to a separate machine). It is not bad to install a voltage stabilizer in the house. It will protect electrical appliances from power surges.

So we have reached the victorious end - the preliminary launch. We connect all the elements of our system, check the performance of all airlift pumps, phase switching. We also check the operation of the drainage pump and the heating cable. In the event of a forced ejection, it must be uninterrupted.

Now is the time to start fully backfilling the station and all trenches that can be easily disguised as a lawn with flowers. And to overlay the station with a beautiful pattern of stones. Yes, and do not forget, for the good of the cause, to be instructed in the maintenance of the station.