How and what is better to replace heating pipes in an apartment: step-by-step installation instructions and analysis of errors. Central heating riser: characteristics, installation requirements, material selection options and shutdown procedure How to make a heating riser

10.04.2020

The riser of the heating system is called vertical pipes, through which the coolant is supplied and removed to the heating devices located one above the other in the premises in a multi-storey building. As a rule, the riser consists of two pipes, but in a single-pipe heating system, it can consist of one pipe. The vast majority apartment buildings each room has its own riser. Sometimes, heating devices from two adjacent rooms are connected to one riser.

Installation of a heating riser: requirements and rules

It is also impossible to do without a heating riser in a private house, especially if it has several levels (for example, a heated basement, 2 floors and an attic).

Installation of a heating riser in an apartment building is carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems", which regulates all work, including even the diameter of the holes for the passage of pipes through the floors of the floors, the distance from the riser to heating appliances, pipe connection methods, etc.

Particular attention is paid to compensation for the elongation of pipes that occurs when they are heated. For this, pipe bends are made at the connection points of the apartment heating branches. It is important to take into account that the maximum allowable bending stress of a steel pipe should not exceed 80 MPa/cmg.

They place heating risers against the wall, openly or hidden, making special recesses in the wall for this or installing decorative box. With a hidden location of the pipe, it is better to insulate with any thermal insulation material. For emergency shutdown, each riser is equipped with shutoff valves. A special valve is used to drain the water, and an air vent is installed to release the air.

Such high requirements for the installation of a heating riser are not accidental: it is he (or rather, the pipes forming it) that must withstand the pressure of the coolant, which ensures uniform distribution of heat throughout all apartments high-rise building. Moreover, the more floors, the higher the pressure level in the pipes. Do not forget about hydraulic shocks, the main force of which falls precisely on the riser pipes.

It is for this reason that when designing a heating system, special attention is paid to the riser, calculating the diameter of the pipes and choosing the material for them, and during installation using only welded joints, the quality of which must correspond GOST requirements.

Who owns the heating tower?

This question is relevant only for apartment buildings.

The heating riser connects several apartments and is a common property. The cost of its maintenance is paid from the item of expenses of the rent for general house needs. This means that in the event of failure of this important part heating system will repair it Management Company: apartment owners have already paid for repairs in advance.

No less important is the fact that none of the apartment owners has the right to change the riser on their own. If you want to improve your heating system, you can experiment within own apartment, but this can only be done after the shut-off valves that cut off common house property from your heating appliances.

If, nevertheless, the desire to make a pipe replacement is irresistible, you need to contact the management company and obtain the appropriate permit, including technical specifications and project documentation.

It is not recommended to simplify this issue, because the riser unites several apartments and any incorrectly performed work can lead to emergencies, the essence of which is the formation of a leak. Let me remind you that the management company is responsible for the integrity of the riser, and its employees are unlikely to be happy about the prospect of compensating for the cost of damage to the home property of the affected tenants during the breakthrough of the system and repair costs.

If you don’t want to be extreme, properly issue a replacement permit and only then proceed to work. To do this, indicate the reason why you decided to replace the pipes.

To change or not to change?

It should be noted that the reason for replacing the heating riser is most often a rework arranged by neighbors who made pipe inserts into an existing system. If lovers of alterations live on the floor below, and the heating system is working properly, you don’t have to worry: if it breaks, then it’s their fault.

Another thing is if the alteration was made on the top floor, and you have valuable property in your apartment or good repair. In this case, it is better to contact the management company and demand the replacement of the heating riser.

Other causes are rare. Steel heating riser, unlike water pipes, is not subject to corrosion and can work without replacement for decades.

Another reason is the desire to replace supposedly “obsolete” steel with modern polypropylene. A laudable desire, but in apartment buildings for heating plastic pipes are used with great limitation. The reason is the deformation of the pipe during heating and the insufficient level of pressure for which they are designed.

Also, the reason for replacing the riser may be the reconstruction of the heating system within one apartment, which can practically be done only by changing the heating systems accordingly in all apartments located above and below.

If the riser is emergency

If the riser is emergency and you cannot do without replacing it, and besides, you want to do the work yourself, then first shut off the supply and return of this particular riser, and then drain the water. To do this, use the shut-off valves installed on each riser of a house that has more than three floors.

Well, if there are heating branches coming from the main pipes shut-off valves. In this case, it is enough to simply block it, and cut off the pipe sections with a grinder. Sections of the old pipeline are being dismantled.

If the riser is replaced in a private house, you can choose new pipes from modern materials, after checking their compliance with the technical characteristics of the heating system. If the replacement is made in an apartment building, pipes can only be changed to those indicated in the project. If it is steel, then you will have to re-install steel pipes, or make a new heating system project.

As mentioned earlier, the management company will not give the go-ahead to replace the pipe material, and before taking responsibility for the operation of the entire heating system at home, you need to think carefully.

The inside diameter of the new pipes must exactly match the inside diameter of the old pipes. When passing the pipe through the ceiling, special sleeves must be used to protect it from direct contact with concrete. The sleeve should be flush with the ceiling, but its opposite end should protrude 30 mm above the floor surface.

Pipe sections are connected by welding. After laying the main pipe, branches leading to the apartment are connected to it. Then the tightness of the system is checked, air is released and you can enjoy the heat in the apartment.

The page is devoted to the consideration of such a question as heating risers in an apartment building: which one to choose for replacement, whose responsibility it is, the service life in the apartment, and also what should be the temperature of the system device.

Unfortunately, in high-rise buildings old buildings, there are still heating systems installed even at the time of their commissioning.

Residents of such houses with each new heating season run the risk that the heating riser in the apartment will either leak or completely break through.

As the sad statistics notes, such accidents occur mainly at the height of the heating season.

The most logical question that arises in this case is the heating risers in an apartment building - whose property is it, and who should change them?

Replacing the heating riser, whose concern is this?

By law, a planned change of elements of the heating system in apartment buildings should be carried out every 25-30 years at the expense of the managing organization, since they are part of the general house communications. When they break down before the specified time, the replacement of the heating riser in the apartment is the responsibility of the housing and communal services, since all tenants pay a monthly rent, part of which is just aimed at maintaining all the engineering communications of the building.

When tenants decide to update outdated risers and heating radiators in their apartment on their own, they will have to do this at their own expense. The same applies to the repair of such a heating system, if during operation it failed or was initially installed with violations.

Replacement of heating risers in an apartment of a municipal building should be carried out at the expense of the city. In the event that a system breakdown occurs, it is enough to submit an application to the municipal council of the district, which they, in turn, forward to the management farm.

When an apartment is privatized along with all communications included in it, then the residents carry out any replacements or repairs of heating risers at their own expense.

Purpose of the device

As long-term practice of equipping high-rise buildings with heating systems has shown, wiring using risers is an outdated and extremely inconvenient scheme that is practically not used anymore. But since there are a lot of buildings with such a system, there is only one thing left for public utilities - to repair them or change them completely when the service life of the heating risers in an apartment building has ended.

As a rule, the service life of the elements of the heating system directly depends on the quality of their connections, the diameter of the pipes and the material from which they are made.

To replace the riser in the apartment, you need to understand well what its purpose is in the general communication system of the building:

First of all, they participate in the distribution of the coolant throughout the system. One entrance of a multi-storey building can have up to 8 risers, while in each individual apartment there are up to 4 of them.
Secondly, the “duties” of the risers include delivering to each heating system hot water, while simultaneously transporting the cooled back to the boilers. If the system is two-pipe, then there are two elements producing this work, respectively.
Thirdly, risers regulate hydraulic loads distributing them evenly throughout the system.

Having an idea why risers are needed in a centralized heating system, when replacing batteries and pipes in an apartment, it is important to consider that the new elements are compatible with the old ones. If they do not fit together, then this can lead either to serious violations in the common house heating structure, or cause an accident in the apartment itself.

Heating risers in an apartment building: which one to choose?

As a rule, most apartment buildings are equipped with steel risers. They have their own positive traits, but still, after a few decades, they have to be changed, since they "among" fail one after another. This means that their service life has expired and an update of the entire system is required.

This is often difficult because modern materials fundamentally different from those that were installed on heating systems 30-40 years ago. Therefore, it is necessary to correlate their parameters with those that have old risers. This is especially true for those residents who decided not to wait for emergencies, but to take the safety and quality of heating in their apartments into their own hands.

The equipment must meet the following criteria:

As practice shows, today most consumers opt for polypropylene pipes. Best of all for such a critical part of the heating system, the PN25 model is suitable, which is characterized by increased strength, but on condition that the upper heating indicator of the coolant does not exceed +90 degrees. If this is not the case, then you will have to install the usual steel pipes again.

Sometimes those who want to extend the "life" of the heating system in their apartment install metal-plastic risers, not knowing that they are extremely vulnerable at the junctions. This is caused by pressure drops that these pipes do not tolerate very well.

Preliminary actions

Even before everything necessary equipment, pipes and elements for them were bought, it is necessary to legalize the change of the riser in the apartment, if it is not planned.

For this you need:

Submit an application for the replacement of heating pipes in the Housing Office long before the start of the heating season (be sure to indicate why replacement is required).
Further, the statement will “migrate” to the organization of the heating network.
An employee of the management company is obliged to come and check the validity of the request to replace the riser. If it is caused by the emergency condition of the pipes, then all the costs of dismantling the old system and installing a new one are borne by the organization. In the event that the tenants decide to change the old risers to new ones in order to reduce heat loss (this reason is considered valid), then the owner of the housing pays for all the work.
It is necessary to collect signatures of neighbors who agree to such work, present them to the management company, and only after all permits have been received, proceed with the dismantling of old pipes.

If the heating risers in an apartment building are emergency, then you will not have to collect signatures, since such a situation requires urgent intervention and repair.

As a rule, there are no prohibitions on unauthorized replacement of pipes that are in critical condition. Therefore, if the management is delaying the start of work, then for the sake of protecting property, you can begin to dismantle and install new risers without permits, but only during the non-heating period.

Installing the instrument

Before installing a new riser, it is necessary to drain the coolant and disconnect the piping, in which case it is better to have good relations with the neighbors. As experience shows, the most vulnerable point of the heating system is the ceiling, where the pipes come into contact with concrete. If it is not possible to connect the riser from the neighbors' apartment, then you will have to cut it off in your own.

Depending on the material from which it is made, the connection to the system can be made different ways, but the most reliable and most commonly used is welding. For a single-pipe circuit, it will be necessary to install a bypass to connect the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiator. In order not to create a zone reduced pressure in the system, the bypass must be one size smaller than the diameter of the riser.

During the installation of the heating system before handing over the house, the interfloor laying of the riser is carried out on special sleeves, which should provide sound insulation. As a rule, the distance between the riser and the sleeve, which at the initial stage was filled with some kind of soundproofing material, diverges over time and through the heating riser it becomes audible what is happening in the apartment above or below.

To avoid such problems, soundproofing of heating risers in an apartment must be carried out without fail when they are replaced.

It should also be noted that for uniform distribution of heat throughout all rooms, balancing of heating risers will be required. apartment building. For this, a balancing valve is used in older buildings.

It does not make sense to put it on purpose, if in a high-rise building the distribution of the coolant is carried out qualitatively due, for example, to a correctly selected pipe diameter.

In any case, it is better to entrust the replacement and inspection of heating risers to specialists, since in the event of an emergency during unauthorized actions, all the hardships, both financial and industrial, will fall on the shoulders of the violator.

Summing up, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Any work with communication systems belonging to ZhEK or other organization even if they are inside the apartment are not acceptable without prior agreement with them. Even just draining the water without warning the heating network service is considered a violation. Subsequent "flirting" with the workers of these services will not lead to anything good.
When choosing risers from new materials, you must first check with technical indicators old system and purchase those that are compatible with them.
It is better to entrust the replacement of heating risers to professionals, since in the event of an accident during the independent work the customer is always wrong.
Tenants do not have to pay for pipe replacement if they are out of service or in critical condition.

Otherwise, changing the riser is a simple job that, with proper skill, can be done during the day.

Over time, any heating system deteriorates and heats the room much worse. This is especially critical for old houses. In most of them, pipes and batteries are cast iron, in many places they have corroded and begin to leak. Or they clogged with salt deposits during operation and are not able to provide the necessary heat transfer and transfer in the required volume of coolant. It is in such conditions that the replacement of heating risers, pipes and radiators is required.

What is behind this?

However, not everything is as simple as it looks at first glance. Technically, replacing heating risers is quite simple. The question is - do you have the right to do this? And who will be responsible for the consequences. And there is one more problem - how the replacement of the heating riser in the apartment (your) will correlate with what the neighbors did (top and bottom).

In any case, it is rather difficult to find an unambiguous solution. Everything will depend on the specific management company (UK) and the locksmith, as well as your perseverance and determination to resist the raids of the UK. According to the current regulatory documents and regulations, in-house heating, which includes: risers, heating elements, shut-off and control equipment, belongs to common house property.

Therefore, you have already paid for its maintenance, including the replacement of heating pipes in the apartment, as part of monthly payments under the item “general house expenses”. This is where the main contradiction arises - you yourself do not have the right to do anything, and the Criminal Code will not do anything at its own expense. Any alteration, replacement of heating pipes is met with hostility, and in the best case, you will be asked to do it at your own expense.

True, there is one nuance. If there is a shut-off valve on the tap from the common house riser, then everything located behind it is already your property, if there is no such tap, then it is common house, and either the Criminal Code or the general meeting manages it. This is a rather complicated issue, and you may need to seek the help of a lawyer if, for example, it is relevant for you to replace heating pipes with polypropylene.

It is much easier to do this kind of work in own house. In this case, there are no described difficulties, and you can redo the heating in a private house at any time, if you, of course, are the owner.

But how to do it?

But leaving aside the questions of who should do what and what to be responsible for, we will consider purely technically how, for example, you can change old pipes for plastic ones. This will allow you to remove worn-out and clogged pipes by installing new ones, and thus help to solve the problem of how to increase the heat transfer of the heating pipe - due to the passage of more coolant.

In this case, what is at your neighbors will be critical for the performance of work. If the neighbors from above have already changed the metal pipe of the riser to polypropylene, then you need to install the same one.

It is best if you manage to agree with them on the possibility of connecting to their junction. In this case, you are dismantling the heating in the apartment, i.e. cut out all the old pipes, cut out an adapter from plastic to metal from a neighbor, determine in place the desired length of pipes that need to be laid. Then a metal piece is pulled out of the ceiling, inserted in its place propylene pipe and through a propylene sleeve it is soldered to the neighbors' one.

In those cases, if the neighbors have metal left, and they do not allow to make a joint at home in order to pass the ceiling, then you will have to cut your pipe under the ceiling, and cut the thread on its remains. A transition sleeve for polypropylene is placed on it, but the corresponding pipe is already connected to it.

If you want the replacement of heating in the apartment to be complete, i.e. If you plan to replace radiators, then you need to start work with them.

There are many of them, and most different types, but regardless, there is general rules, the implementation of which will allow you to get a good result:

all radiators in the apartment must be located in the same way, on the same level;
the battery must be located strictly vertically;
its top should be five cm below the windowsill and six cm above the floor;
when attaching a radiator to one square meter its surface should have one mounting bracket;
the front surface of the battery should protrude beyond the edge of the window sill.

What else can be done to improve the heating in the apartment?

If you set yourself the task of how to improve the heating in the apartment, then perhaps the listed measures will not be enough for this. In many cases, a good result can be achieved by ordinary window insulation, which reduces heat loss. A heat-reflecting film located on the wall behind the radiator can also be useful. Together with the fact that the heating will be replaced (pipes and clogged radiators), such measures will ensure the influx of additional heat into the apartment.

In the same cases when you want to have complete independence and not depend on the timing of the launch central heating, you should think about how to convert the heating in the apartment to individual. This task is far from simple, but if you have installed geyser, then it is quite possible that you will be able to get permission to turn off the central heating and install your own gas boiler.

Of course, this will require significant financial costs and lengthy coordination, which will not necessarily be successful. But replacing the heating system (central with individual) will allow you to adjust the temperature in the apartment according to your needs, as well as the ability to turn on the heating at any time you need.

In many cases, especially in old houses, the heating has been running for many years, and sometimes the pipes become clogged with salt deposits, and even begin to leak due to corrosion. One of the measures to improve the heating in the apartment is the replacement of pipes, risers and radiators.

The distribution of the heat carrier in multi-storey buildings occurs with the help of vertical pipes. They pass through all floors of the house, and radiators and batteries are connected to them. Therefore, it is necessary to consider characteristics, which heating risers have: shutdown, replacement, thermal insulation.

Purpose of heating risers

Piping with risers is an outdated scheme. However, considering a large number of old-style buildings to make the modernization of heating for them is quite laborious and expensive. Most often, it is necessary to replace the heating risers in an apartment building with more modern ones. polymer materials or install additional thermal insulation and make repairs.

The performance of this heating element depends on the geometric dimensions and material of manufacture. The main diameter of the heating riser must be equal to the same size of the connected pipes. Otherwise, a pressure drop will occur, due to which the heat balance throughout the house will change, and the noise level will increase.

In order for the replacement of the heating riser in the apartment to be as professional as possible, you need to know its main functional purposes:

Heat carrier distribution by consumers. At the entrance of each apartment building there can be from 4 to 8 risers. In some cases, in one apartment their number reaches 4;
Depending on the heat supply scheme, the riser can perform hot coolant delivery functions and at the same time transportation of cooled. This is typical for a one-pipe system. In a two-pipe system, at least 2 such elements are required;
Hydraulic load balancing. Despite the inevitable bending of the heating riser, it must still distribute the pressure evenly over its entire height.

But the consumer is more concerned about domestic issues than operational ones. How to turn off the heating riser and what needs to be done for this? Such a question arises with the possible replacement or repair of batteries, radiators and heat supply pipes in an apartment. To solve this problem, you first need to decide on the adaptation of new components to an already installed heating riser.

It is impossible to connect a warm water floor to central heating through a riser. This will unbalance the entire system.

Installation of a heating riser

The transfer of a heating riser or its replacement is a complex procedure in terms of labor intensity and design. It is best to carry out these activities not during the heating season, when the system is not functioning. But this is not always possible.

To replace the heating riser in the apartment, you will need to solve two issues:

Issue a permit.
Choose the right components and installation scheme for a new vertical pipeline.

Only after that you can change the heating riser. AT winter period this issue must be agreed not only with the management company, but also with the residents of the house, through whose apartments the heat supply riser passes.

Can't mount circulation pump to the heating stand. This will lead to a change in water pressure and, as a result, a violation of the thermal regime of the heat supply at home.

How to turn off the riser from heating

Legal shutdown of the heating riser during the heating season is a big problem when repairing or installing new radiator pipes. The difficulty lies in the fact that the coolant flow completely stops in this circuit.

It is necessary to perform a similar procedure when carrying out repairs and installing new components of the heating system. Turning off the heating risers in winter is not done immediately. To do this, you must write an application to the management company, agree on a date and time. Otherwise, the following problems are possible if the heating riser is closed without these actions:

The lack of heat supply throughout the heating circuit will lead to a decrease in the temperature in the apartments of other residents.
Failure to comply with the normalized degree of air heating in residential premises will completely fall on the person who arbitrarily turned off the riser. When applying statements of claim he will have to pay moral and material compensation;
When the heating riser is turned off during the heating season to install new components without permits, it is possible to temporarily shut off the heat supply in the apartment by representatives of the management company.

How to correctly turn off the heating risers in winter? First, the reason for initiating this action must be stated along with the application. It may consist in replacing already installed heating components with new ones, but with the same parameters. To shut off the heating riser in connection with the modernization of the system, you must perform the following actions:

Obtain Technical Conditions (TU) from the management company. This document indicates the technical parameters of the new components, as well as the piping layout.
After the fulfillment of the technical specifications, all the necessary components are purchased, including for the replacement of the heating riser.
Agreed time of shutdown of heat supply. The installation can be carried out both by the residents of the apartment themselves, and by employees. After checking by representatives of the management company, the heating system starts up again.

Often for new scheme the heating tower needs to be relocated. In practice, this procedure will be extremely problematic. In contrast to turning off the heating riser during the heating season, in addition to permission from residents and management companies, redevelopment of heat supply in all apartments along this circuit will be required. It will be impossible to do this, since for this it is necessary that in each apartment not only the heating riser be turned off in winter, but also the configuration and location of heating devices should be changed.

If the shutdown time of the heating riser is short, you can negotiate with a local plumber. He will do it without unnecessary red tape for a moderate fee.

Rules for installing a new heating riser

Before turning off the heating riser to install a new design or replace batteries, you should find out the rules and recommendations for its installation. They are described in detail in SNiP 3.05.01-85.

Each heating riser in an apartment building was installed in accordance with these standards. Therefore, it must be replaced with a similar design with the same technical and operational parameters:

The inner diameter of the pipe should not differ from the previously installed one;
The value of the maximum possible bending of the heating riser cannot exceed 2 mm per 1 r.m. its length;
For pipes to pass through interfloor ceilings it is necessary to install special sleeves. They should be flush with the ceiling, and be 30 mm higher than the finished floor.

So when replacing a heating riser in an apartment, you must observe the minimum distance from its outer surface to the wall. If this condition is not met, additional heat loss, since the design is most often located at outer wall building. This distance directly depends on the diameter of the heating riser.

If it happens partial replacement heating riser in one apartment - the ends of the pipeline must go to neighboring rooms located above and below. Otherwise, the conditions of SNiP 3.05.01-84 will not be met, which will cause the representatives of the management company to reject the project.

When installing a bend in a heat supply riser, it is forbidden to make pipe connections that, after installation, will be in the interfloor ceiling.

The choice of material for the manufacture of the heating riser

In the vast majority of cases, heating risers in an apartment building are made of steel pipes. After several decades of operation, their condition will be unsatisfactory. If the apartment is replacing pipes with new ones, you must also install a riser made of quality materials.

However, there may be difficulties in doing so. Specifications new pipe material must meet the requirements. You can learn about them from the technical specifications from the management company, or by consulting with their representatives by phone. Most often they are as follows:

Compliance of pipes with the temperature regime of heating. Those. the new design must withstand the maximum possible thermal impact without the occurrence of emergencies;
System pressure. For district heating it can be from 3 to 6 atm. But you need to remember that hydraulic shocks can periodically occur (when the system is filled). Therefore, a margin of 25-30% must be added to the normalized pressure value. That is why it is impossible to install a circulation pump on a heating riser;
Ensuring proper thermal insulation of the pipe. This should be done only if it passes through a non-residential premises, where exposure to negative temperatures is possible. For this, thermal insulation of heating risers is done.

These requirements are met by several classes of pipe materials. The easiest way is to install the same steel. But most often the choice is stopped on polypropylene models.

For arranging a heating riser, it is best to choose polypropylene pipe high strength class - PN25. It is designed for high pressure ratings. The problem may lie in temperature regime heating work. If the upper limit exceeds + 90 ° С, the installation of polypropylene is not possible. Then the only option is steel pipes.

In no case should metal-plastic lines be installed. Despite the good performance of thermal insulation, heating risers from them will be extremely unreliable. This is due to periodic pressure drops in the system. Gaps most often occur in connecting nodes, which are made from clamp fittings.

After turning off the heating riser, before its first start, it is necessary to make a pressure test. Only then can the coolant be supplied to the circuit.

Rules for connecting radiators to the riser

Replacing the riser is most often associated with a general modernization of the heating system. At the same time, not only new pipes are installed, but also radiators and batteries. It is important to choose the right scheme for their connection with the heat supply system.

First you need to complete the radiator so that it can effectively perform its functions. Its harness should include the following components:

Shut-off valves. With its help, you can completely limit the flow of coolant into the battery for its repair or replacement;
thermostat. Needed to reduce heat flow in order to reduce the surface temperature;
Mayevsky crane. Device for removing air pockets.

In addition to the possible thermal insulation of the heating risers, the wiring diagram of the supply lines is taken into account. For a single-pipe system, a bypass is mandatory. This is a piece of pipe connecting the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiator. The bypass diameter must be one size smaller than that of the heating riser. In this case, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of a zone of low pressure in the system.

Experts recommend using the same pipes to connect the drain to the battery. This is necessary to normalize the operation parameters of the entire system, and it will also greatly facilitate the laboriousness of installation. As an additional measure, pressure and temperature sensors can be installed. Thus, the quality of the heat supply service can be monitored.

To prevent premature clogging of the battery, it is recommended to install a strainer. It is mounted on the supply pipe in front of the thermostat.

Neighbors blocked the heating riser - what to do?

Despite the fact that heating repairs are best done outside the heating season, some do not adhere to this rule. What to do if the neighbors blocked the heating riser and one of the heat supply circuits is not functioning?

There are many recommendations for resolving this issue - from a general censure to calling the police. As a result, this will lead to the desired result - the air temperature in the rooms will be normal. However, these methods are not correct. If there is a suspicion that the neighbors blocked the heating riser, you need to perform the following actions:

Call the Management Company and make sure that the house is not currently undergoing repair or maintenance work.
No need to run around the apartments and look for the reason for the shutdown. You should call the representatives of the management company to resolve this issue. It was with her that an agreement was concluded for the supply of heat to the apartment.
After the culprit has been found, he can be threatened with a fine for unbalancing the heating system. This item is mandatory in the heat supply contract.

Only in this way can the heating work be resumed. All others require too much unnecessary effort, and will also lead to wasted time and nerve cells. Everyone must fulfill their contractual obligations. This primarily concerns the management company.

In the video you can see the features of replacing the heating riser:

Analyzing the legal side of the issue, we can conclude that the owners of individual apartments are not the owner of the heating risers, even if they are inside the premises.

Who and when should change/repair them?

Maintenance of the heating system provides for 2 types of repairs - current and capital.

The first type includes work to eliminate small problems that do not require significant costs. They are held at the request of residents, as needed.
Overhaul provides for general house measures to ensure the operability and safety of the entire system. The procedure for its implementation is stipulated in Chapter 15 of the RF LC. Replacing heating risers belongs to this type of repair. It is carried out according to the schedule, taking into account the regulatory deadlines, in the event of an emergency or to modernize the system.

For the planned capital and current repair management company is responsible. She, of course, does not conduct it herself, but with the involvement of a specialized organization. Unscheduled events of this type are carried out by decision general meeting tenants. Further, the application is submitted to the management company, which ensures their implementation.

Read more about the types and costs of major and other types of repairs to heating systems in an apartment building.

How long is the service life of thermal communications according to GOST?

The arrangement of the heating system in the MKD is carried out taking into account the requirements. Its risers can be made from different materials, but must provide high reliability and durability. Any material has a certain service life, when the performance of pipes made from it is guaranteed. Based on this indicator, a schedule is drawn up for the overhaul of the MKD central heating system.

This parameter is set by the Departmental Building Code (BCH). For heating risers made of ferrous metal, according to VSN 58-88, the guaranteed service life is 20 years (Appendix 2 of VSN). When using galvanized pipes, it can increase up to 25 years. AT real life major repairs are carried out in 25-30 years.

Who pays for the repairs and upgrades?

All work related to the maintenance of the heating system is paid by the owner of the property, those. residents of MKD. However, they pay a monthly fee for the maintenance and repair of the house, and the standard is calculated taking into account the area occupied by each apartment owner. These payments should create an appropriate fund, from which a major overhaul of the heating system is planned (?).

Thus, tenants pay in advance for the replacement of risers, and when the work is due, no additional payments are made. The demands of the management company to pay for repairs are illegal. This provision is enshrined in Art. 290 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as Article 155 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Only in exceptional cases, when it is proposed to upgrade the system in order to increase its efficiency, the management company can apply for an additional fee. The decision on this is made by the general meeting of tenants, which has the right to refuse new payments.

It is important to consider one circumstance. If a repair work if it is necessary to carry out through the fault of one of the tenants when he committed an action that damaged the riser, or did not take measures to eliminate minor defects inside his apartment that led to the failure of the entire riser, then the culprit will have to pay for the repair in full.

How to do this for free through the Criminal Code or ZhEK?

The problem of replacing the heating riser can arise for many technical reasons. In this case, current repair is necessary.

This The question is regulated by the following documents:

rules for the maintenance of the MKD, adopted at the general meeting of residents;
rules and regulations technical operation housing stock (SNiP and VSN);

If, according to the specified documents, the heating riser does not meet the requirements and creates a lot of problems, then homeowners have the right to demand a free replacement (on account of monthly payments). There is a certain procedure for this. First of all, a general meeting of tenants gathers, at which a decision is made on the need for an event. If it is not possible to convene a meeting, then a collective appeal is written.

Where to apply?

If the MKD is owned by residents, then the issue of major or current repairs is in the area of responsibility of the management company, where the corresponding application is submitted. In the case of preservation of municipal property, the responsibility for carrying out repairs lies with the local executive power. You should contact the housing office in charge of this house.

Required documents

The following documents are attached to the application for repair:

The act of inspection of the riser. To compile it, a plumber is called in, who determines the type and extent of damage.
A certificate confirming the absence of arrears in payments for the maintenance of the house and payment for other utilities.
Technical passport of the house.

Work on replacing the riser will affect the interests of the residents through whose apartments it passes. That is why the consent of all interested residents (with a collective appeal) is necessary. If there is a decision of the general meeting, then a separate consent is not required.

Drawing up an application

After identifying defects and examining damaged elements, an application is submitted to the head of the management company (ZHEK). It is written in free form, but should contain the following main points:

information about the owner of the property;
the reasons for the appeal, a description of the damage and confirmation of non-repairability;
the nature of the request (repair or replacement, scope of work).

The application is made in 2 copies. One of them is sent to the management company. The copy of the applicant is stamped with the date and a signature confirming receipt.

Timing of the procedure

The term for consideration of the application is regulated by clause 40 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491, the management company is given 5 days for this. It has the right to send its representatives to conduct its own inspection.

For this, usually, experienced specialists are involved, giving an expert opinion on the degree of damage, the causes and the culprit of its occurrence. After that, the term of the work is agreed upon, which satisfies both parties.

To carry out the work, the management company concludes an agreement with a specialized organization. An estimate of the cost of repairs is agreed with the owner of the housing, incl. for the purchase of materials, dismantling, installation and testing. For its part, the owner must ensure a free approach to the working area and normal working conditions. Control of execution remains with the management company.

When can they refuse, and how to force the housing and communal services to fulfill their duties?

The management company has the right to refuse to replace the heating riser free of charge in the following cases:

damage to the structure was due to the fault of the tenants;
the heating system has undergone independent intervention without making appropriate changes to the registration certificate;
serious violations in the operation of the heating system by the owner;
arrears in payment of operating expenses;
groundlessness of the claim to performance, confirmed by an independent expert;
the desire of the owner to carry out a radical reconstruction of the system.

It is important to consider that the management company is obliged to provide replacement only in case of serious damage that can cause an emergency, and also according to the schedule overhauls after the end of the service life.

If the owner wants to replace the riser without proper reason, but only for the purpose of modernization, then the management company may require additional payment for more expensive materials and appliances. The company can also, based on the results of its own inspection, instead of replacing the riser, limit itself to its full repair, if this solves the problem.

Unreasonable refusal to free replacement the owner can challenge. He can file a complaint with the Housing Inspectorate or courts. It is absolutely unacceptable to refuse with reference to finding damaged elements of the central heating system inside the apartment. It is illegal to require an additional payment to increase the cost of materials and services, if it is not agreed in advance with the owner.

What difficulties with the law can arise if you carry out the work yourself?

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not prohibit the tenants of the apartment from changing the risers located in their premises. However, according to Article 46 of the LCD, they are considered common property, and any changes without agreement are recognized as a violation of property rights. In practice, there will be no problems if the reliable operation of the system is ensured and no one has any complaints.

Everything changes when a defect is discovered on the installed pipe. Further, serious problems and punishments will appear:

the management company will refuse to repair the system with an unauthorized change;
when neighbors are flooded, the fault will completely fall on the citizen who allowed the unauthorized action.

The owner, represented by the management company, may require a new repair at the expense of the tenant. For example, in the event of unauthorized installation of a plastic riser, a return request may follow. metal pipe.

Responsibility in the event of an emergency

After a poor-quality replacement of the riser, serious consequences are possible:

shutdown of heat supply;
the flood;
damage to structural elements of the house.

For repairs, the management company is responsible to the tenants, to which an invoice for damages is presented. She, in turn, must present claims to the organization performing the work. First, pre-trial proceedings are carried out, and if the perpetrator does not agree to compensation for damages, then a lawsuit is filed.

Everything that surrounds us, sooner or later fails. Everyone can face the situation when you need to replace the riser or, if it is leaking. Who to contact and, as well as about, in radiators,

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