Construction of roofs of private houses. The roof of a private house - types of construction, the best design ideas and modern forms (75 photos). The scheme of the structure of the roof truss system

26.04.2020

The roof is one of the most complex and important architectural elements of the house. Its construction must be approached very responsibly - mistakes are too expensive. No wonder roofers are considered the most paid builders, the durability and comfort of the building largely depend on their skill. The construction process itself consists of several steps.

Step 1. Selecting a project

The main differences between roof projects are not design, although they are primarily striking, but structural. When selecting a specific project, the maximum number of specifications buildings and the climatic zone of its location.

What roof options are offered to developers today?

roof type	Short description
	The simplest, used in small houses. The advantage is a simple truss system. The disadvantage is the lack of residential attic space. It is rarely used in our country, more often such houses can be seen in the Scandinavian countries.
	Universal roof for houses, allows you to build attic rooms, can be simple and broken. In terms of complexity, cost and manufacturability, most developers are satisfied. By changing the angle of inclination, the load indicators on the elements of the truss system are adjusted.
	A more complex design, it is recommended to install on large houses. The rafter system must be installed taking into account all building codes and regulations, it is imperative to make preliminary calculations.
	It differs from the hip in that the sizes of the slopes are not the same. Two slopes are large, and two trimmed are small. By technical device somewhat more complicated than the hip, but such roofs increase the volume of the attic.
	All slopes are in the form of equilateral triangles, and the vertices converge at one point. The roof can be placed on houses that have the shape of a square.
	The most complex of all the listed roofs, it is rarely used and only on multi-storey buildings.

Step 2. Selecting materials

After a specific roof option has been selected, it is necessary to decide on the materials for the construction of the truss system and the type of roofing.

Important. At the same stage, you need to decide whether the roof will be warm for living quarters or cold.

truss system

For the truss system, you only need quality materials not below the second grade.

Practical advice. To save money for the truss system, you can buy not dry, but raw boards, they are much cheaper. But it should be remembered that raw lumber must be used no later than 7-10 days later, during this time the rafter system must be installed and the roof covered. Boards under load will dry in the optimal mode, and strong mechanical bonds will not allow them to warp.

Prices for different types of building boards

Building boards

Mauerlat is made from a bar 100 × 100 mm or a board 50 × 200 mm. Rafter legs are made of boards 50 × 150 mm or 50 × 100 mm. The linear dimensions of the rafter legs should take into account the maximum possible static and dynamic forces. The width of the boards can be changed by using various vertical and angular stops. Each truss system has its own characteristics, the master must have extensive practical experience in order to correctly solve the problems that arise during construction. And, of course, a project must be ordered for a residential building, a self-built building is considered illegal and will not be accepted for operation. And this means that it is impossible to connect light and heating to it, they do not register in such a room, it cannot be given and bequeathed. The project, among others, has working drawings of the truss system, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the engineers.

The type of crate depends on the type roofing, for soft roofing materials it is required to make a solid one, for hard ones any one is suitable. For solid, it is necessary to prepare sheets of plywood or OSB, the thickness is at least one centimeter, but it can be changed depending on the pitch of the rafter legs.

Prices for OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

You can make a continuous crate of edged rails, although this option is difficult to consider optimal - it is very expensive and time consuming. Under solid roofing materials, the crate is made of slats or unedged boards. Unedged lumber must be sanded.

Roofing materials

For residential buildings budget options bituminous or metal tiles are considered.

Less commonly used profiled sheet or roll coatings.

Very rarely natural or artificial piece tiles.

The rafter system largely depends on the type of materials. At the stage of its design, it is necessary to take into account the weight and features of fastening roofing.

Prices for various types of roofing materials

Roofing materials

Heaters

Warm roofs are installed only in cases where the attic space is planned to be made residential attic. Currently, two types of insulation are used: mineral wool or polystyrene.

The distance between the rafters should take into account the factory width of the heaters, due to this the amount of unproductive waste is reduced and work is accelerated.

The weight of the heaters is minimal and during the design of the truss system it can be neglected. But you should keep in mind the climatic zone of the location of the house, the thickness of the insulation and, accordingly, the width of the rafters depend on it.

Practical advice. For all climatic regions, the thickness of the insulation should be at least 10 cm, for the middle lane this parameter increases to 15 cm. If the insulation layer is less than the recommended values, then the heat saving efficiency drops sharply.

Additional materials for the roof

If the roof is warm, then it is imperative to provide for the installation of steam and hydro protection, the arrangement of a counter-lattice to ensure natural ventilation roof space. The range of materials is huge, but by and large they are not much different from each other. The performance characteristics are more influenced by the observance of the laying technology than the physical indicators of the roofing membranes. Even more cheap material can be used in such a way that it will satisfy all building codes and requirements. And vice versa, the most modern innovative material can be mounted in such a way that, apart from harm, no positive effect will not.

And the last thing to think about during the planning of the construction of the roof is the drainage system and special elements for bypassing chimneys and ventilation pipes. Under some strokes and snow retainers, it is necessary to provide additional fixing points on the rafter system. It is much more expedient to do this at the stage of its construction than after fixing the roofing materials. Although modern technologies allow the use of both mounting options for additional and special roof elements.

On this preparatory stage finished. If all building materials are prepared, the type of roof, roofing is selected, the truss system is calculated, then you can proceed to the direct construction of the roof.

Construction of the truss system

Important. Mistakes made during the construction of the truss system are very difficult to correct. Most of them will become noticeable already during the operation of the building, this is extremely unpleasant. There are situations when it will take more money to correct the shortcomings of the truss system than to build a new roof. And this is even in the case when, due to leaks, it is not necessary to repair the interior.

For example, we will consider step-by-step instructions for one of the most complex roofs - a hipped one. Understanding the construction technology of this rafter system, it will not be difficult to understand the technology and assemble simpler single-pitched or gable ones on your own.

Step 1. Take two long boards, with their help it is easier to determine the length of the rafter legs, the angle of inclination of the slopes and the height of the roof. Temporarily fix the boards to a vertical support on the wall of the house. Raise or lower them until you find an acceptable position. If the size of the house allows, then it is better to design the rafter system so that the length of the legs does not exceed 6 m. You can buy such lumber, there will be no need to build it up. Building up not only takes a lot of time, but also weakens the structure, requires the installation of additional supports.

Step 2 Fill in the reinforcing belt. It not only increases the height of the attic space, but also makes it possible to lengthen the overhang of the rafter legs and additionally protect the facade walls from atmospheric precipitation. The width of the belt should be at least 30 cm, the height depending on the size of the house.

How to pour a reinforcing belt?

Important. The difference in height at the corners of the reinforcing belt should not exceed ± 2 cm. To check, you need to pull the rope, with its help it is much easier to level the concrete surface.

Allow at least three days for the concrete to set. Remember that it will gain 50% strength only after two weeks, only then can the structure be fully loaded. If the weather is very warm and windy, then the concrete belt should be watered at least twice a day with plenty of water. Concrete gains strength not during drying, but during the favorable course of chemical reactions, this constantly requires moisture.

The construction of the truss system conditionally consists of four stages: the installation of the mauerlat, the installation of the ridge beam, the installation of rafters (hip and diagonal) and the arrangement of the batten.

Mauerlat installation

Work begins after the concrete of the reinforcing belt has gained sufficient strength and the formwork has been dismantled. For Mauerlat, a beam of 200 × 100 mm is used. This is a very important element of the truss system, it serves to stop the rafter legs and evenly distribute point loads over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe facade walls.

Step 1. Lay the beam next to the reinforcing belt, accurately mark the exit points of the anchors. It is easier to do this without a tape measure. Turn it narrow side down and put it on your belt, mark the position of the anchors with a pencil. Then transfer the marks to the wide side of the beam, in these places it is necessary to drill holes.

Practical advice. If there is any doubt about the accuracy of taking measurements, then drill holes for anchors with a diameter of 2–3 mm larger than the diameter of the studs. It won't negative impact on the strength of the Mauerlat fastening, but it will greatly facilitate its installation in place.

Step 2 Drill holes, hold the drill as vertically as possible, do not skew. The work must be carried out by an experienced carpenter. A beginner can ruin the beam, you will have to shift all the holes by reducing its length.

Practical advice. If there is doubt about the strength of the concrete of the reinforcing belt, then do not tighten the nuts with great force. They can be pulled up later during the construction of the truss system.

Step 3 Prepare strips of waterproofing under the Mauerlat, it is better to buy an ordinary cheap roofing material. The strip is cut off from the roll, no need to roll it out. The material is perfectly cut by a grinder with a metal disc.

Step 4 Spread strips of waterproofing on the reinforcing belt. Making holes is much easier with a hammer. Place the roofing material on the anchors and carefully punch holes in the waterproofing for the studs with a hammer. Just do it carefully, you can not hit hard. Otherwise, there is a risk of damaging the upper threads, problems will arise during the tightening of the nuts. If you are afraid, then before laying the roofing material on all the studs, screw the nuts, after unscrewing they will automatically align the damaged turns.

Step 5 Install the beam on the anchors and tighten with nuts. Be sure to put large washers under them. If the Mauerlat is tight on the studs, then you will have to score with a sledgehammer. This situation indicates the lack of qualifications of roofers.

It is better to make Mauerlat from pine, and not from spruce, it has a lot more resin, respectively, it is not damaged by putrefactive diseases longer. How to distinguish a pine tree from others conifers wood? On several grounds. The first - the tree smells of resin and turpentine. The second - pine has a bright yellow tint, large and lively knots. Third - the presence of black spots on pine lumber indicates a high content of resin, it acquires this color after oxidation in air. Spruce is whiter, lighter in weight, there are few knots and has bad smell cat feces.

At the corners and along the length, the bars are connected into half a tree, it is advisable to fix these places with long nails or self-tapping screws made of stainless alloys.

Installation of a ridge beam

For horizontal support, vertical posts and the upper ridge run, you can use a beam of 50 × 150 mm. The lower element must be fixed with anchors, waterproofing should be placed between the concrete floor slab and the tree. All fasteners are made with nails, they should be driven in obliquely. If you wish, you can use metal corners. To calculate the dimensions of the ridge beam, you need to subtract its width from the length of the house, the resulting value is the length of the element. The calculation is needed so that all four overhangs are the same.

Installation of rafters

This is the most difficult stage in the construction of the truss system. The system will be non-spreading, special cuts are made on the rafter legs to rest on the Mauerlat. In this position, they do not push the walls apart, but press them, this rafter system is more stable than the layered one.

Step 1. Install diagonal rafters. For their manufacture, a board of 50 × 150 mm is used, if the length is not enough, then the materials should be spliced. During splicing, it is necessary to strictly observe existing recommendations, while at the junction it is imperative to install a backup in the future, this should be borne in mind when choosing a place to build. Make sure that all four elements are at the same angle. If the overhang value is slightly different - not a problem, the parameter can be easily adjusted to the required value by fillies.

Practical advice. To increase the strength of the diagonal rafters, it is recommended to knock down two beams, as a result, the thickness will increase to 100 mm. It is necessary to shoot down with a shift, due to this, the length of the element is simultaneously increased.

Step 2 Proceed with the installation of ordinary rafters. In places of emphasis with a Mauerlat, it is necessary to cut down the platform, the upper end is fixed to the ridge run.

Drive all connections with three nails at an angle. Two nails are driven into the sides and one into the edge of the timber.

Important. If the roof is insulated, then the pitch of the rafters is 60 cm, which is the width of most heaters. But dimensions should not be taken along the side planes of the lumber, but along the axis of symmetry.

To increase stability, additionally fix the rafters with metal corners. It is not necessary to screw in the screws, it is much more convenient to use nails, the stability of the structure does not decrease from this. The fact is that they work on a cut, and not on pulling out.

It is necessary to expose the rafters under the rope. First, two extreme legs are mounted, their position is carefully checked. Everything is within the normal range - pull the rope between them and already under it, install all the remaining elements.

Step 3 Trim the reach of the rafter legs under the eaves. It should be marked with a chop construction rope, it is easier to cut it off with a gasoline saw.

Practical advice. If piece tiles are used to cover the roof, then it will be necessary to strengthen the truss structure. This is easy to do, you just need to install additional runs and rest your feet on them.

Lathing installation

As we mentioned above, the type of lathing depends on the type of roofing. But in all cases, it is recommended to treat the materials for the crate with antiseptics. The fact is that they work in difficult conditions for natural ventilation, additional protection against decay is very important. Building codes require that all wooden elements be impregnated with fire protection, now there are dual-action preparations that protect against both fire and decay. Requirements must be met. But in practice, both protected and unprotected houses burn with equal success.

Video - Installation of the crate under the metal tile

Roof installation

The technology depends on the selected materials. For all cases, there is universal advice - you need to cover the house as quickly as possible. If insulation is to be installed, then this must be done from the inside of the building, thus eliminating the risk of getting wet mineral wool. Wet wool is a problem for roofers. It will have to be taken out to dry, during dismantling a large number of becomes unusable, the total time for the construction of the roof of the house increases significantly.

Prices for mineral wool

Video - Do-it-yourself metal roofing installation

Video - Errors in the installation of metal tiles

Installation of a drainage system

Video - Installation of gutters

Roofing is the final stage of construction, which requires strict adherence to and implementation of building rules and regulations. The main task of the design is to provide protection from the negative effects of natural phenomena (snow, rain, wind), as well as to give and complement the image of the house. With quality work performed, the roof of the house is able to provide high sound insulation, waterproofing and act as a thermal barrier. In this article, we will tell you what the construction of the roof of a private house consists of, and also consider what designs are.

The photo shows the schemes of roofs of different types.

The design and construction of the roof in a private house can be pitched or flat type. Usually, flat designs used in countries with a hot climate, and pitched is more common. This is because pitched roof does not retain precipitation on the surface. In the construction of a pitched roof, an angle of 10 degrees or more must be observed, and the structure of the roof itself allows you to equip the attic. Structures can be:

lean-to;
gable;
four-pitched tent;
four-slope hip;
attic;
tented;
spire-shaped.

For information! The roof device of a private attic-type house can be insulated or cold, a non-attic type can be an unventilated, partially or fully ventilated room.

Device and design

In the process of designing a future building, it is necessary to immediately determine the type of roof for the house. You can build the roof of a private house on your own, for this you need to use special architectural programs or contact a company that will help you choose a roof project, as well as advise roofing materials. If you decide to make a roof with your own hands, it is recommended that you carefully study the manual, which will describe step by step how to design a roof. Experts recommend starting construction on some small object, this will help to avoid possible errors and save a lot of purchasing costs. building material.

For information! Roof structures and truss systems must be strong and reliable, because. when using heavy material, the walls and foundation of the house may suffer.

To date, the roof of a private house can be made of wood, metal wood, reinforced concrete and steel. Do-it-yourself roof construction consists of the following steps:

Mauerlat mounting;
assembly and installation of the sling system;
installation of horizontal screeds;
laying waterproofing;
fixing the rafters on the ridge;
installation of the crate;
finishing front side surfaces.

Important! The rafter system can be hanging and layered. For roofs of private houses with several spans, both types of truss systems are used, i.e. where there is no place for support, hanging ones are used, and where there is support, layered ones.

The photo shows a diagram of the roof of a house with a layered and hanging truss system.

The roof and the structure are fixed to the walls of the house with the help of special building studs, and supporting niches are mounted under the rafter system, which are connected to each other with strong steel wire. The following factors influence the choice of roof and scheme:

the size and shape of the future structure;
the presence of internal load-bearing walls;
the presence of an attic;
appearance of the structure.

Rafter systems for roofs of private houses must meet the following requirements:

rafters must be strong and reliable, this allows you to evenly distribute the load on the walls of the house;
the material used for the roof of the house should be light;
the truss system should exclude possible thrust on the building;
when constructing a truss system, it is necessary to use high-quality materials, tk. repair or replacement is quite expensive.

The design of the roof plays an important role in designing the architecture of a home. As a rule, specialists use a roofing coating that excludes water stagnation and does not lend itself to deformation (corrugated wall, arched, soft sheet tiles). Therefore, when designing a house, it is important to initially take into account not only the type of future building, but also decide on the material.

Roof device

The roof for a private house is an important element, the installation of which completes the entire structure of the building. The roof of the house can have a different slope, and the choice of roofing material depends on this. Roof structure can be:

single-layer - it can be made from asbestos-cement, polymer and metal sheets or tiles;
multilayer - they lay on the roof roll material or wooden crafts(gonta, drani, tesa).

When using multilayer materials, the number of layers can be from 2 to 5, it all depends on the type of roofing material. In practice, the roof is a complex structure; in appearance it is a multilayer sandwich consisting of several layers. Sandwich consists of: waterproofing, vapor barrier, wind protection, insulation and other important components. The photo shows the scheme of the roof

A properly designed house roof and a well-arranged roof provide reliable protection of the building from the formation of condensate, insulate it and allow ventilation of the under-roof space.

House roof construction

When the design documentation is ready and the material has been purchased, the truss system is being erected. The roof of the house begins with the manufacture of the necessary structural elements. Installation consists of the following steps:

the Mauerlat is laid and fastened to the longitudinal and bearing walls, fasten them with anchor bolts;
then a rafter template is made, for this two boards are connected with nails, the free edges are fixed on the Mauerlat, the desired angle level is selected by diluting the boards;

Important! When fixing the template of the truss system, the ridge should be in the center, in order to avoid errors in the design, it is necessary to use a plumb line.

the finished template is fixed to the beams and cut to the desired angle;
when the first rafters are ready, they should be connected, and fixed with nails at the place of their intersection;
then the finished rafters are lifted and installed, after which you can proceed to the next production of parts;
the second rafters are mounted in another part of the building;
a construction cord is stretched between the installed rafters, which must be stretched horizontally;
then the remaining rafters are made and installed along a stretched building cord, taking into account the step prescribed in the project;
the final stage is the installation of support racks, this design will give greater strength and stability.

For information! For a strong fixation of all elements of the truss system, experts recommend using stamped metal parts.

When the rafter system is installed, you can proceed to the insulation of the roof.

The roof of the house is an important element of the structure, with the correct calculation and installation of the structure, it will serve long time, will provide protection and comfort for living.

One of last stages private housing construction is a device for the roof of a private house correct scheme which is of particular importance. The roof performs many different functions, but one of its main purposes is protection. interior spaces buildings from natural phenomena: wind, sun, precipitation. Not one building, especially residential buildings, can do without roof structures, during the construction of which it is important not to make even the most elementary mistakes inherent in inexperienced builders. Otherwise, after a few years of operation of the house, the roof will already have to be repaired.

And the repair of the roof structure is a rather laborious work, accompanied by a number of difficulties, infringement of the comfort of living for a given period, and, of course, additional financial costs. Therefore, before performing the installation of the roof of a private house, you need a diagram with a detailed reflection on it of all the structural elements of the roof, the building material used, and other details.

Options for roofing schemes for private housing construction

During the construction of private houses, pitched roof structures are often used to cover them, which can be single-pitched or multi-pitched.

The shed roof drawing is used mainly for small, simple outbuildings.

Varieties of multi-pitched roof structures

Double pitched roofs. The most common type of construction under which any roofing material can be used. Such a roof is quite simple in terms of its installation, but at the same time reliable and durable.
Hipdesigns- roofs with an envelope according to the scheme of a hipped roof, when two slopes are made in the form of a trapezoid, the other two are in the form of a triangle. Most often used to cover houses in the southern regions, as they are distinguished by their excellent ability to withstand significant wind loads.
Half hip roofs. This is a subtype of the hip structure, in which the length of the side slopes along the slope line is less than the main slopes. Most of these structures are located in regions with adverse climatic conditions.
hipped roofs. Their design consists of four triangular-shaped slopes, the tops of which are connected at one point.
Broken roof structures. Such roofs belong to gable roofs, they consist of four surfaces that intersect each other at an obtuse angle.
Multi-gable roofs. Such roofs have a rather complex design scheme, which is most often used to cover elite class houses with a complex geometric configuration.

Pitched roofs, depending on their design features, are subdivided into attic, non-attic roofs. In the first case, an attic space is arranged between the ceiling and the roof (a separate type of pitched roof). In the second case, all load-bearing components of the roof structure are also the floor of the outer floor of the building (combined type of pitched roof).

To cover private houses, an executive scheme of attic type roofing is often used.

Structural features of the attic roof

When constructing roofs with an attic space, the following details should be considered:

Particular attention must be paid to the parameters of the floor spans. If the width is large enough, then the rafter leg should have a maximum cross section. For example, the span of a shed roof is 5 meters, then the cross section of the beam used for the manufacture of rafters should be 15x5 cm, and the installation step is about one meter.

If you make a partial section of the roof with an attic, you can consider its main components:

roofing material;
ridge beam;
load-bearing inner wall;
rafter legs;
support racks;
Mauerlat;
struts;
crate;
metal fasteners.

Be sure to take into account the slope of the slope. A roof with slopes at a large angle will be released from precipitation faster, since water and snow on such a surface are not able to hold. Therefore, for roofs with a slope of 50º, rafters with a smaller cross section can be used than for roofs with a slope of less than 20º. These data must be reflected in the scheme of arrangement of the roof structure.

It is also worth remembering the period of operation of individual parts of the roof structure, depending on the building material used for their manufacture. For example, load-bearing elements made of natural wood can serve without loss of initial strength for about 30 years, structures made of reinforced concrete - 50 years. With the proper organization of the wooden truss system, proper care during the period of operation, it can not be changed for 100 years. When choosing the design of the future roof, it is necessary to take into account the expected conditions for its operation.

When designing a roof scheme, its thermal properties must be taken into account without fail.

When calculating the cross-section of a beam for a rafter system, it is also necessary to take into account the mass of the roofing "pie".

The main nuances that must be considered when making a do-it-yourself rafter system

In order to prevent the deflection of the building legs in the case of the manufacture of rafters of insufficient section when calculating the required roofing material, the farm is necessarily equipped with additional support posts, struts, puffs.
When calculating the roof, it is imperative to take into account the possibility of disruption by strong gusts of wind of the roofing material. To prevent this, the rafter legs must be fixed with brackets and additionally with steel wire (section up to 8 mm, but not less than 4 mm).
For the manufacture of a roof ridge run, it is recommended to use logs (boards in the most extreme case, the thickness of which should be 5 cm or more).
If the roof scheme for attic construction, then the puffs are not equipped, they will be compensated by overlapping the floors, which will subsequently serve as the floor of the attic.
The density of the lathing will depend on the roofing used, the main building material for which are logs (boards) and tes. The main purpose of the crate is to take on the load from the entire roof covering, then transfer it to the rafter system.
Depending on the type of roof being built, the crate is sparse, solid. The peculiarity of the sheathing of a continuous type is as follows: it is made of two layers, a gap of no more than 2 mm is allowed between the boards. In this case, the first layer is sparse, the second one is mounted at an angle of 45º relative to the first one. This is due to the peculiarity of laying some types of materials for the roof. When arranging a sparse type crate, a distance of 6 to 14 cm can be maintained between the boards (depending on the snow cover of the region in which the house is being built).
You also need to remember that a continuous crate is always performed on the slopes of the roof, the joints of the rafter system.

The main features of the roof design are necessarily reflected in the drawing up of the scheme.

When planning to cover the roof of a house with your own hands, it must be borne in mind that when choosing a scheme for its arrangement, it is worth relying not only on the conditions for its further operation, but also on your own financial capabilities. It is also important to understand that the safety of the residents of the house will depend on the quality of the installation of the roof of the house with their own hands. Before using a specific roof structure scheme, you can first study their features from photographs on the Internet.

Types and arrangement of roofs of private houses

Roofing is the final stage of construction, which requires strict adherence to and implementation of building rules and regulations. The main task of the design is to provide protection from the negative effects of natural phenomena (snow, rain, wind), as well as to give and complement the image of the house. With quality work performed, the roof of the house is able to provide high sound insulation, waterproofing and act as a thermal barrier. In this article we will tell you what it consists of, and also consider what designs are.

Types of structures in private houses

The photo shows the schemes of roofs of different types.

The design and construction of the roof in a private house can be of pitched or flat type. As a rule, flat structures are used in countries with a hot climate, and pitched structures are more common. This is due to the fact that the pitched roof does not retain precipitation on the surface. In the construction of a pitched roof, an angle of 10 degrees or more must be observed, and the structure of the roof itself allows you to equip the attic. Structures can be:

lean-to;
gable;
four-pitched tent;
four-slope hip;
attic;
tented;
spire-shaped.

For information! The roof device of a private attic-type house can be insulated or cold, a non-attic type can be an unventilated, partially or fully ventilated room.

Device and design

In the process of designing a future building, it is necessary to immediately determine the type of roof for the house. You can build the roof of a private house on your own, for this you need to use special architectural programs or contact a company that will help you choose a roof project, as well as advise roofing materials. If you decide to make a roof with your own hands, it is recommended that you carefully study the manual, which will describe step by step how to design a roof. Experts recommend starting construction on some small object, this will help to avoid possible mistakes and significantly save the cost of buying building material.

For information! Roof structures and truss systems must be strong and reliable, because. when using heavy material, the walls and foundation of the house may suffer.

To date, the roof of a private house can be made of wood, metal wood, reinforced concrete and steel. Do-it-yourself roof construction consists of the following steps:

Mauerlat mounting;
assembly and installation of the sling system;
installation of horizontal screeds;
laying waterproofing;
fixing the rafters on the ridge;
installation of the crate;
surface finishing.

Important! The rafter system can be hanging and layered. For roofs of private houses with several spans, both types of truss systems are used, i.e. where there is no place for support, hanging ones are used, and where there is support, layered ones.

The photo shows a diagram of the roof of a house with a layered and hanging truss system.

the size and shape of the future structure;
the presence of internal load-bearing walls;
the presence of an attic;
appearance of the structure.

Rafter systems for roofs of private houses must meet the following requirements:

rafters must be strong and reliable, this allows you to evenly distribute the load on the walls of the house;
the material used for the roof of the house should be light;
the truss system should exclude possible thrust on the building;
when constructing a truss system, it is necessary to use high-quality materials, tk. repair or replacement is quite expensive.

Roof device

single-layer - it can be made from asbestos-cement, polymer and metal sheets or tiles;
multilayer - rolled material or wooden products (shingles, shingles, tesa) are laid on the roof.

A properly designed house roof and a well-arranged roof provide reliable protection of the building from the formation of condensate, insulate it and allow ventilation of the under-roof space.

House roof construction

the Mauerlat is laid and fastened to the longitudinal and load-bearing walls, they are fixed with anchor bolts;
then a rafter template is made, for this two boards are connected with nails, the free edges are fixed on the Mauerlat, the desired angle level is selected by diluting the boards;

Important! When fixing the template of the truss system, the ridge should be in the center, in order to avoid errors in the design, it is necessary to use a plumb line.

the finished template is fixed to the beams and cut to the desired angle;
when the first rafters are ready, they should be connected, and fixed with nails at the place of their intersection;
then the finished rafters are lifted and installed, after which you can proceed to the next production of parts;
the second rafters are mounted in another part of the building;
a construction cord is stretched between the installed rafters, which must be stretched horizontally;
then the remaining rafters are made and installed along a stretched building cord, taking into account the step prescribed in the project;
the final stage is the installation of support racks, this design will give greater strength and stability.

For information! For a strong fixation of all elements of the truss system, experts recommend using stamped metal parts.

When the rafter system is installed, you can proceed to the insulation of the roof.

The roof of the house is an important element of the structure, with the correct calculation and installation of the structure, it will last a long time, provide protection and comfort for living.

Construction of the roof of a private house

Types of roofs of a private house

Flat roof

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gable roofs

Four-pitched roofs

broken roofs

Multi-gable roofs

Stage 1 - Mounting the Mauerlat

Stage 3 - Installation of the crate

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Construction of the roof of a private house

Before talking about how the roof of a house is being built with our own hands, let's dwell a little on existing types roofs

Scheme of the construction of a gable roof for a house

Types of roofs of a private house

All roofs of private buildings are divided into two large groups: flat roofs and pitched roofs. The latter, in turn, are divided into one-, two- and four-slope, as well as broken and multi-gable. Let's take a look at each separately.