Types of roof coverings. What are the roofs? Prices for various types of slate

AT modern concept the roof of the house is not only a cover, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building, capable of emphasizing its individuality and originality, changing the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will affect the internal atmosphere, comfort and coziness.

Be that as it may, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used when building a private house.

If we consider all the roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.

Flat roof

Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the life of a flat roof is drastically reduced, thus it looks less acceptable in comparison with a pitched roof structure. Often a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).

pitched roof

pitched roof much more preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and the difficulty of repairing it.

Roof with attic

Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roofing. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but still on early stages you need to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point there will be a decision on the attic whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the ceiling, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what should be roofing cake, thermal and waterproofing.

Atticless (mansard)

Atticless (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be the roof surfaces located under sharp angle. This roof is interesting from the outside, but the usable area of ​​the attic will be slightly reduced, since a good roof fastening is needed. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own, it is better to involve professionals.

In most cases, a roof without an attic has a break, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, which reduce the useful area of ​​​​the attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the supports can be sheathed with plywood, and then make niches and cabinets for seasonal items there.

shed roof

One pitched roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is convenient and practical, but it is very boring in appearance, and you can’t equip an attic under it.

gable roof

gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the oldest, but is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes connected at the top by a “ridge”. A gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip the attic.

hip roof

hip roof - a kind of hipped roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its operational characteristics, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.

Half hip roof

Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and a gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a semi-hinged shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. Vertical windows can be placed on the pediment of the building, and half-hips will become a decorative element.

Shatrovaya

Shatrovaya - the design of this roof has 3 or more slopes that are assembled at one top point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then the hipped roof will become optimal solution. It is resistant to winds, original in appearance and able to reliably protect the house.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof - the most complex, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The rafter system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is a must here. If everything goes well, then eventually it will be possible to get a dream home.

broken roof

broken roof - a kind of mansard roof, because it is under it that an attic is often equipped. Top part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a break and the angle increases sharply, thereby the usable attic area will practically not suffer, and its side walls will be reliably protected.

Conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because almost no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use, it is difficult to repair them. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.

Combined roof

Combined roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped, hip and multi-gable. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, envy your neighbors and delight your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and you need to spend a lot on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth it only for the owner of the home to decide.

The variety of roofs misleads the layman inexperienced in construction.

Considering the options for roofs, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for the future structure, which one is advisable to build in a particular case.

In addition, I want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all the requirements. A variety of designs allows architectural designers to translate all the most unpredictable projects into reality.

Exist different kinds roofs of private houses, we will talk about them now.

Shed roof is a plane rectangular shape based on opposite bearing walls.

Single pitched roof is:

• ventilated;
• unventilated.

Design features

Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is affected not only by the finish coating, but by the peculiarity of climatic conditions, then all these values ​​should be correctly calculated.

An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.

Slope angle

It directly depends on the coating material: coatings are distinguished by their ability to retain snow precipitation.

It is recommended to choose materials for covering a shed roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.

In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the slope angle.

Shed roof truss system options

With truss roof structure with one slope can be:

• sliding;
• layered;
• hanging.

It is most often performed from wooden elements for various purposes.

truss system shed roof

Mounting Features

Installation of a shed truss structure is carried out on a Mauerlat.

If a hanging-type frame is being installed, then a farm is first made on the ground. According to a given template, the entire structure is made.

The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, mount the elements necessary for a warm roof.

The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof

Despite the ease of installation, the simplicity of the design, the shed system has its own characteristics.

Advantages:

• Inexpensive construction;
• ease of installation;
• resistance to strong winds.

Repair work during operation on pitched roof not difficult to produce, not too expensive.

disadvantages:

• Need for snow removal
• low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are in strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.

shed roof

gable roof

The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.

Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:

• symmetrical;
• asymmetric;
• broken lines;
• multi-level;
• double-sided with a skate on a slope.

In addition, other configurations can be designed gable roofs: broken from one slope, double broken, with elongated peaks or extensions.

Design options

Particular attention is paid to the load.

Besides, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.

Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load), the roof will be reliable and durable.

Tilt angle

The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.

With a different slope for different materials, a certain one corresponds. For all materials, their indicators.

truss system

It can have a layered structure, hanging, combined.

The option of the truss structure is selected based on the span between outer walls . In addition to truss beams, structural elements truss system are: ridge, Mauerlat, crossbar, puffs, and other elements.

Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.

truss system gable roof

Mounting

When installing a gable roof you need to follow the basic steps:

• Install beams;
• fix the crate;
• install roofing.

In the case of lengthening the rafter legs, additional rails are mounted under the overhang.

Advantages and disadvantages

A gable roof is the most common roofing model.

This is due to the advantage of this design:

• The possibility of arranging an attic;
• there is no need to independently clean the coating from snow;
• simple project;
• variety of coatings.

disadvantages:

• The dependence of the roof height on the span;
• when arranging an attic space, additional reinforcement of the structure and arrangement of window systems and heating elements are required.

A gable roof is not the most complex structure, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.

Gable roof

hip roof

It is a quadruple structure. The slopes are made up of triangles and trapezoids.

A modified design of the hip system is called semi-hip. There are Dutch and Danish half hip designs.

Design features

The project has rather painstaking calculations, since the design itself is not simple.

Particular attention should be paid to the points:

• calculate each slope separately;
• correctly calculate the length of the rafters and the ridge;
• take into account the area of ​​​​windows and chimneys;
• correctly calculate the load.

ATTENTION!

The same material should be used for the frame and the ridge beam. This feature must be taken into account in the project.

Project costs should include additional elements and additional details for the arrangement of the roof.

Slope angle

The slope angle is affected by wind and snow. This type of structure can be arranged at an angle of 5° to 60°. The dependence on natural indicators is directly proportional.

It should be remembered about the features of laying roofing: the recommended indicators of each coating directly depend on the angle of the slope.

In addition to the main rafter legs, it consists of their elements: Mauerlat, ridge, slanted legs, and other important parts that provide strength, participate in the distribution of the load.

Hip roof truss system

Mounting Features

Includes elements fastening sequence:

• Mauerlat;
• beams;
• racks;
• sloping legs. Further, in order, other elements are installed, including the crate.

Advantages and disadvantages

Hip structures in addition to a presentable appearance and structural strength has a number of advantages:

• the slope of the ribs reduces the wind load;
• due to the design features, the area increases, which positively affects heat transfer.

The disadvantages of a hip roof are its complexity and cost..

hip roof

Mansard (broken) roof

This is a type of construction in which the slopes have a refraction with a change in the angle of the slope of the slope.

Broken mansard roof can have from two to four slopes.

It happens layered and hanging.

The schematic structure of the attic can be in the form:

• Square;
• rectangle;
• a combined figure combining a triangle and a square.

The most common type of broken structure is a gable roof.

Design options

At should follow the requirements provided during installation:

• A roof height of at least 2.2 m should be designed;
• choose materials that are smaller in mass;
• take into account struts and puffs due to the length of the rafters.

The sloping roof provides for the arrangement of the attic, so it is advisable to use quality materials for insulation and providing the roof with air exchange.

Tilt angle

In calculating the slope angle, it is necessary to build on the height of the attic.

• Influence of atmospheric influences;
• type of roofing.

The best option for a broken roof with an attic is a project in which the upper slopes are located at an angle of 30 °, and the lower ones at an angle of 60 °.

truss system

AT attic structures frame is equipped with:

• Mauerlat;
• beams;
• frame racks;
• runs. These and other elements create a solid foundation for arranging the attic.

Mansard roof truss system

Mounting

When installing the rafter base, one part of the frame is made, starting with racks and layered rafters, and then, like it, all the rest.

After mounting all the elements, they are fastened with girders.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of a sloping roof is the arrangement of an additional room.

Among the disadvantages of a sloping roof is its cost., since this consumes a lot of materials for insulation, the arrangement of special windows is not a cheap pleasure.

But the costs of arranging an attic cannot exceed the construction of an additional extension or an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

mansard roof

Flat roof

A structure that is a plane lying on the load-bearing walls of a structure. Such a system does not have an attic space.

They can be operated and non-operated.

Besides, Depending on the characteristics of the coating, flat systems can be divided into:

• inversion;
• green;
• breathable.

All of them have their own characteristics.

Design features

At the stage design it is necessary to correctly calculate the load of the snow cover, as well as all the materials used, and take into account the drainage system.

Slope angle

The roof must have the necessary. Its angle is up to 5°. This feature contributes to high-quality drainage.

Rafter Location Options

The flat roof frame provides for the following elements:

• Mauerlat;
• support bars;
• plywood or OSB flooring.

Flat roof truss system

Mounting

It is important to organize the arrangement of drains. Attention should be paid to the operating system: it is important to choose the right type of floor and the right layers to ensure a favorable microclimate.

Advantages and disadvantages

A flat roof is positively characterized by price, low labor costs, and the possibility of arranging additional recreation areas is a productive distribution of space.

The disadvantages are: accumulation of snow, inability to determine the condition of the roofing cake, the need for equipment internal system water drain.

Flat roof

Hip roof

It is a system of triangular slopes connected at one vertex.

According to the features of the frame structure, hipped roofs can be layered and hanging. In addition, tent structures are still of other types.

Design options

The main directions of designing a tent system are:

• Calculation of the slope angle;
• choice of roofing;
• calculation of the height of the ridge connection.

An important step is the calculation of the load on the truss structure. If insulation is assumed, the load of the layers of the cake is calculated.

Tilt angle

The slope of the slopes directly depends on the type of roofing and climatic conditions. Slope reduction should be done with the predominance strong winds at the building site.

truss system

The elements of the hip roof truss system are:

• Mauerlat;
• floor beams;
• sloping boards;
  puffs;
• supports.

These and other elements together provide strength and stability of the frame.

Hip roof truss system

Mounting Features

The installation of the tent system involves the arrangement of the truss system and the laying of the insulation system for the roof.

The rafter system should be erected before mounting the ceiling of the building.

Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of a mauerlat or strapping. Next, the system is gradually erected, starting with rafter boards, mounting racks, other elements, ending with trusses and struts.

Advantages and disadvantages

The attractiveness of a hipped roof makes you forget about its shortcomings. The disadvantages are the small area for the attic and the complexity of installation.. Plus are the aerodynamic properties and strength of the system.

hipped roof

Multi-gable roof

The complex structure of a multi-gable roof consists of many parts, ledges, and elements. Perhaps one of the most complex designs.

They are determined by a combination of certain types of roofs, assembled together. Roof corners can be pointed or hip.

Design options

A difficult task to develop a project, especially if the roof elements have a different configuration. In this case, each element should be calculated separately.

Particular attention should be paid to the truss system.

• Use lightweight materials;
• do not save on waterproofing;
• take care of high-quality bars for rafters.

The complexity of the project lies in planning the arrangement of window systems.

The design itself is the covering of the attic of the house, so it is strong enough practically unaffected by the weather.

Rafter Location

The stage of erection of a multi-gable system is the most difficult stage. Each part must be installed separately.. For rafters, you should choose only high-quality wood.

The basic part of the design is the Mauerlat. The rest of the structural elements are attached to it: rafter legs, reinforcing beams and supports.

Multi-gable roof truss system

Mounting Features

In addition to the complexity of mounting the roof frame, the multi-gable system has a weak point, which should be properly protected from moisture: this is the angle of connection of the slopes.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of a multi-gable roof is originality, attractiveness. But such beauty should be paid in full: the equipment of such a system is an expensive pleasure.

Multi-gable roof

conical roof

The design of a conical roof has the shape of a cone. Enough rare view roofs, since the arrangement of such systems is carried out on round-shaped houses.

Cone-shaped roofs can be full and incomplete.

Design options

Most often, conical shapes serve as decoration.. They do not carry a functional load. You need to know the diameter of the base of the cone, the length of the slope. When calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cone, the amount of materials needed is determined.

Slope angle

The slope angle of a cone-shaped roof is calculated using the tangent formula. In this case, it is necessary to know the height of the cone and the length of the rafter leg.

truss system

The conical roof frame system is a hanging fan type. Use additional elements: beams, braces, crate, additional bars.

Conical roof truss system

Mounting

Installation is carried out by laying the rafter legs in the form of a fan. They rely on runs, as well as a ring element at the top. The base is Mauerlat. Further, the base is assembled in a certain way with the help of additional elements.

CAREFULLY!

Boards as crates are not suitable for the cone type. In this case, flexible PVC types pipes.

Advantages and disadvantages

Resistance to any weather phenomena is one of the advantages of a cone roof. Increased strength, originality - the undoubted advantage of this type of roof.

The complexity of installation, the high consumption of materials, the inability to install an attic due to the lack of windows allows you to mount such systems only to decorate the roof.

conical roof

Which roof is better

The design of the roof, first of all, must correspond to the architecture of the building.

The choice of roofing is determined according to factors:

• financial opportunity;
• climate features;
• individual preferences;
• the need for an attic.

Before you decide on the option of protecting your home, you should consider different options.

Roof options

Useful video

In this video you will learn what types of roofs are:

The progress of science and technology constantly generates new materials for construction. There are also new roofing materials. The durability and safety of the entire building largely depends on the type and quality of the roof covering. That is why it is so important to take the choice of this building material with all responsibility.

The main types of roof coverings

To cover the roofs of modern buildings, a variety of building materials are used: hard and soft, shaped and flat, piece and roll. All of them are widely used in the construction of urban buildings, country houses and commercial buildings. But to do right choice relatively certain type buildings, it is necessary to carefully study the properties of each roofing material.

The following types of building materials for roofing can be distinguished:

• tiles (various types);
• asbestos-cement materials;
• metal profiled sheets;
• sheet metal;
• membrane roofing;
• ruberoid;
• folded metal sheets.

Each of them has both its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a particular type of roof, you should rely on several important parameters and properties of the coating.

The choice of modern roofing material

The life of the building directly depends on the choice of modern coverage for the house. Experts recommend not to save and opt for high-quality and durable material. Before you buy a coating, you need to familiarize yourself with a number of its most important parameters.:

And yet one of the main parameters of the roof is its durability.. To understand such a thing as "service life", it is necessary to analyze the average service life of the most common roofing materials:

• slate will last, according to manufacturers, about 10 years;
• the metal tile will last about 15 years, it all depends on the quality of the coating;
• ondulin is guaranteed to last 15 years;
• the term of "life" of soft tiles is not more than 20 years;
• ordinary tiles can last up to 30 years;
• slate roofs serve about 40 years;
• metal roofs from copper and its alloys are almost eternal, however, the price is extremely high.

These time frames are indicative, and, depending on the observance of the operating rules, the terms can be either longer or vice versa.

The main types and advantages of tiles

Tiles are considered the most popular roofing material.. It not only has a high service life, but also an aesthetic appearance. Therefore, this roofing material is chosen for both private housing construction and industrial construction.

The main types of tiles:

In the choice of tiles there are various options that will satisfy any consumer. Roofing this type deserves attention.

Characteristics and advantages of slate

Asbestos-cement roofing products have gained wide popularity in Russia. According to external parameters, it can be either a flat rectangle or a classic slate. It is made from cement and asbestos fibers. Fairly light material. It exerts a pressure on the roof of only 15kg/M2. Standard size 120×70 cm, has six waves 2.8 cm high. Laying slate is overlapped. For fastening, special slate nails are used. Before laying the slate, it is necessary to lay the waterproofing. Slate, due to its relative cheapness, is still the most popular roof covering in our country.

The advantages of slate include: low cost, ease of cutting, relatively high strength. The disadvantages include: fragility, environmental hazard, unaesthetic appearance and the formation of fungi on the surface with a long service life.

The main qualities of corrugated board

Decking has earned great popularity due to various shapes and a wide palette of colors.. To date, three types of profiled sheets are produced: sinus-shaped, rounded and trapezoidal. Has been widely adopted in roof rafters with a slope of 10 degrees.

The corrugated board is overlapped, and special self-tapping screws with a rubber washer are used, which ensures the tightness of the hole. It has a very high price-quality ratio. It is widely used in industrial facilities. This type of coating is distinguished by its availability and ease of installation.

Steel roof, made in the form of folds

Steel roofing today can be found less and less, but this construction material used in the construction of buildings for a wide range of purposes. Seam sheets are made of metal with a polymer coating.

Fastening to the crate is done with the help of clamps. The sheets are connected to each other by an electromechanical method. For this, there are hooks along the edges of the sheets. Minimum slope for folds is 20 degrees. When laying metal, it is necessary to carry out additional thermal insulation.

Other types of roofing

Depending on the type of construction and the wishes of the developer himself, various roofing materials are used. Exist whole line practical and at the same time inexpensive species roof coverings, which are not so widely used in our country, but still occupy a worthy place in the construction market:

Whatever roofing materials are used to create the perfect roof, they must always perform the task.

An important stage in the construction of a house is the creation of a roof and the choice of roofing material. In addition to the fact that the roof protects the house from negative external factors, it is always in sight, so it should be beautiful and harmoniously fit into the design of the site.

What roofs exist: features of each type

Manufacturers offer a wide range of materials, so it is often difficult for homeowners to decide what to use for a roof. And in order to make the right decision, you should understand the advantages and disadvantages of popular roofing.

The roof can be protected with shingles, soft welded materials, sheet metal and other coatings - you just need to make a choice for a particular case.

Any roofing material must be waterproof, frost-resistant, comply with technical requirements flexibility, heat and sound insulation.

There are many roofing materials, but each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

When choosing a material for roofing, experts recommend paying attention to such indicators as:

• roof load - take into account snow and wind effects in a particular region, the weight of the roof along with insulation and lathing;
• architectural solution - take into account the shape, size and slope of the roof, as well as determine the optimal external design of the building;
• service life and fire resistance - take into account the purpose of the building: expensive and high-quality materials are usually used for the house;
• warranty obligations - some coatings have a service life much longer than the warranty.

For laying seam roofing, metal sheets (pictures) are used, which are fastened together with a special seam - a seam. These connections are: recumbent and standing, single and double. The folds are bent and sealed with a manual or electric tool.

You can bend the folds yourself using a hand tool

When creating paintings, apply:

• galvanized steel - thickness within 4–7 mm, service life 25 years;
• polymer-coated steel - a galvanized sheet is coated on the outside with a layer of polymer with the addition of color, service life 30–35 years;
• aluminum - serves 70–75 years;
• copper is an expensive solution, but the service life is about 100 years;
• zinc-titanium - has the longest service life, but it is difficult to stack. And work is carried out at an air temperature above 5 o C.

Seam roofing is characterized by high tightness of seams and good moisture resistance.

Such sheets are mounted on a roof with a slope exceeding 10 °. A crate or a solid base is made under them. Cleimers are used to fix the paintings to the crate. If the sheets are longer than 10 m, then they are fastened with "floating" clamps, which compensate for the thermal expansion of the material.

You can lay ready-made ordered paintings or use rolled material, which is cut directly on the construction site in strips of the required length. For this, special equipment is used. With this method of cutting, only a vertical connection is required, so the tightness of the coating will be high.

Seam roofing is reliable, but has its drawbacks during installation

Disadvantages of seam roofing:

• poor heat and sound insulation characteristics - a thick layer of insulation is required;
• installation requires special equipment and appropriate skills;
• metal surface - lightning protection (grounding) is needed.

From metal tiles

The metal tile outwardly resembles a natural one, but is made of galvanized sheets treated with colored polymers. Such a coating is applied from the outside of the sheet, and varnished from the inside. It turns out a durable, beautiful and durable roofing material.

Mounting a metal roof is quite easy and fast, even with your own hands.

The main advantages of metal tiles:

• light weight;
• variety of colors;
• simple installation;
• resistance to temperature extremes, natural and mechanical influences;
• affordable price.

Among the shortcomings, there is increased noise during rain, if the installation was incorrectly performed and the roof was not sufficiently insulated.

The metal tile is very similar to natural, but has less weight

There are several types of polymer coating:

• polyester - the most common option;
• polyurethane - increases the service life and cost of metal tiles;
• from special polymer compositions - a thickness of 35 microns, it is optimal for roofing.

Sheets of metal tiles are mounted on the crate, the pitch of which is 35–50 cm.

If the length of the roof slope is less than 7 meters, then a single sheet is used, and when it is longer, then the sheets are combined. If the slope angle is less than 14o, then the sheets are overlapped into 2 waves.

To prevent condensation from accumulating on the roofing material, it is necessary to correctly assemble the roofing cake from a vapor and waterproofing film, as well as two types of insulation.

From corrugated board

Roofing from corrugated board in terms of characteristics and method of installation is no different from metal tile. The main difference is only in their appearance.

Roofing from corrugated board differs from metal tiles only by a ribbed surface

Here, in the same way, a crate is made and a heater is laid.

The greater the slope of the roof, the thinner you can take the boards for the crate (but not less than 3 cm) and less often take its step (but not less than 0.3 m).

Sheets of corrugated board may differ in color, size, wave shape and thickness of the metal.

Decking can cover not only the roof own house, but also the top of an ordinary city balcony

From ceramic and cement-sand tiles

Despite the fact that new roofing materials are constantly appearing on the market, natural tiles do not lose their popularity.

Elements made of baked clay and dried cement-sand mixture do not transmit heat and have high porosity, so the roof made of such materials is warm and breathable, and no noise is heard in the house during rain.

Ceramic tiles are also produced in the form of individual scales, which can be laid out on the roof with patterns.

When choosing a covering made of natural tiles, it is important to take into account its large weight. Therefore, not only the truss system must be powerful, but also the entire supporting structure of the building: the foundation and walls. Another disadvantage is the fragility of the tiles, which complicates its transportation, unloading and installation.

Their different types of roof tiles are beautiful and outwardly neat.

Tiled roof with correct styling always reliable and beautiful. Despite the high cost of the material, such a roof is an excellent investment for the next 100 years.

According to the classification, ceramic tiles are divided into the following types:

• glazed - shiny and smooth, covered with a special glaze;
• natural - it is simply burned, not covered with anything;
• engobed - matte and resistant to fading in the sun, covered with a thin layer of clay suspension.

Membrane

This is one of the varieties soft roof used on flat roofs. On such a surface, you can organize a recreation area and even plant lawn grass.

Membrane roofing is quickly covered and easily attached

Membrane thickness from 0.8 to 2 mm. It is supplied in rolls with a width of 90 to 150 cm and a length of up to 60 m.

The service life of a properly installed membrane roof is 50 years or more. The manufacturer gives a guarantee for 20 years.

First, the membrane is unfolded, and then attached to the surface in one of the ways

Advantages of a membrane roof:

• light weight;
• resistance to damage - thanks to the reinforcing mesh;
• high elasticity - practically does not decrease over time;
• resistance to sunlight;
• high fire resistance;
• simplicity and speed of installation - a team of workers can cover 500–600 m 2 per shift.

The main disadvantage of this coating is that it costs 30–50% more than bituminous materials.

Membrane roofing is commonly used to cover flat roofs.

Several materials are used to create the base:

• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• synthetic rubber (EPDM);
• thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).

Membrane roof mounting methods:

• ballast - if the roof slope does not exceed 15 o. Ballast (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) is poured on top of the decomposed material or a cement-sand screed is poured. When using broken stone, mats or non-woven fabric (loose technical fabric) are additionally laid. Along the perimeter and all junctions, additional point fasteners are made;

  With the ballast method of mounting a membrane roof, it is difficult to find damage sites if a leak appears under the roof

• mechanical - when the roof structure is not designed for the weight of the ballast. The laid membrane is attached along the perimeter with special rails, and to the surface - with telescopic and disk holders;
• sticking - not so much reliable way installation, so it is rarely used. It is enough to glue the membrane around the perimeter, in problem areas and where there is an overlap: for this, a double-sided adhesive tape is used;
• hot air welding - air with a temperature of up to 600 ° C is supplied through special equipment.

  Hot air welding of the membrane coating is carried out with a device similar to a hair dryer: it simultaneously heats up and dries the edges, so it can be used even in the rain

Built-up roof

For flat roofs and slopes with a small angle, welded roll materials are used. And on the most complex roofs of any shape, soft tiles are used. The disadvantages of such tiles are the high price and the need to lay the elements on sheets of waterproof plywood. All welded materials consist of bitumen, which, when heated by a special burner, perfectly adheres to the surface.

Soft shingles allows you to cover roofs of various shapes and configurations due to its small size and ease of installation

The tightness of such a roof and its service life directly depends on the quality of the welded elements and strict adherence to the installation technology. A soft roof can serve for 25 years. High performance characteristics are provided due to its complexity:

1. Bottom layer: protects the roof from mechanical damage, sunlight and temperature changes;
2. The second layer: from bitumen, serves to protect against moisture;
3. Base: made of fiberglass, ensures the safety of the shape, does not allow the material to crack;
4. Another layer of bitumen: for additional waterproofing;
5. Top layer: slate or basalt dressing, protects the surface from damage.

The bottom of the material can be coated with fine stone sand, polymer, slurry or foil. All characteristics of the built-up roof are easy to learn from its marking.

Bituminous tiles under the influence of the sun are additionally heated and glued into one common layer

If the slope of the roof is more than 15 o, then two layers of the deposited web are laid, if it is 5–15 o, then 3 layers are required.

rolled

Roll materials are used on roofs, the angle of inclination of which is from 0 to 30 degrees.

More recently, the used roll materials served no more than 10 years, but now new coatings have appeared, the service life of which has increased to 25 years.

Rolls for soft roofs began to be produced different colors, which made it possible to design roofs in unusual combinations

Roll roofing materials can be of two types:

• the main ones are made on a base impregnated with viscous mixtures. They can be tar, bitumen or bitumen-polymer;
• baseless - various fillers are added to the binders and combined by heat treatment into a single canvas.

According to their structure, they are integumentary and non-integumentary.

Modern roll roofing can last 25-30 years

All roll roofing materials are divided into 4 generations of use:

• roofing material and glassine - based on roofing paper. Still popular due to low cost, although their service life is about 5 years;
• rubemast is an improved roofing material: it is designed to be welded, which is convenient for self-assembly. Fits easier and faster, but its service life is almost the same;
• glass roofing material - based on fiberglass or polyester. Service life reaches 15 years, and when laying in three layers - up to 30;
• membrane coating - service life of more than 30 years. Installation is carried out in warm weather: it is enough to remove the film, roll out the material and press it down.

Roll materials are fixed using roofing nails, bituminous mastic or a gas burner.

Welded roofing roll material lasts longer if the styling technology is followed

liquid roof

Filling liquid roofing can be used both for the construction of a new roof, and as a repair of the old coating without dismantling the roofing materials.

Liquid roofing is made by pouring, painting and spraying

The main advantage of this roof is high reliability and long service life: liquid rubber is not afraid of temperature changes, resistant to mechanical damage and high humidity. You can safely walk on it without fear of slipping.

Types of liquid roofing:

1. One-component: applied immediately after opening the container.
2. Two-component: consists of different parts:
   • bitumen-polymer emulsion - provides waterproofing characteristics;
   • an aqueous solution of calcium chloride - helps the sprayed solution harden quickly.

For the installation of the second coating, special equipment is required, in which the two components are mixed at the outlet. This is a small machine, so it is convenient to use it on the roof. The applied composition hardens in a few seconds.

Applying liquid roofing during renovation increases the life of the previous coating

According to the method of application, liquid roofing can be painted, sprayed or poured. base under liquid rubber thoroughly cleaned. The composition is usually applied to concrete or metal surface pre-coated with polyurethane. But rubber can also be sprayed onto rolled roofing, improving its performance.

Liquid rubber is sprayed in a thin layer over the rolled roof, creating additional protection for it.

Inversion

The inverted roof is resistant to wear and performs not only a protective function, but also has a functional and decorative purpose.

Such a roof is used on flat roofs, you can walk on it. Its main feature is that in it all the layers are arranged in the reverse order: thermal insulation is on top, and waterproofing is on the bottom.

On the inverted roof, you can arrange recreation areas, playgrounds and even parking lots

The inversion roof is reliable, durable, does not collapse under the influence of negative external factors.

It is easy to mount: it is enough to remove the previous coating from a flat roof, and lay out a new one in the required order. Such a roof is usually actively exploited - cafes, parking lots, playgrounds are placed on it.

The inversion roof in translation means "coup", that is, all layers of the coating are turned upside down

Inverted roofing can be of three types:

• for minimal loads - used in private homes;
• for medium loads - a more durable insulation is laid, and covered on top paving slabs or other material
• for increased loads - an intermediate reinforcing layer is added, then reinforced concrete slabs are laid.

If in a private house the installation of an inverted roof is carried out on a concrete slab, then first it must be primed, then waterproofing, insulation and welded material should be laid.

Polycarbonate roofs are erected over terraces, verandas, balconies and other non-residential structures. For this, they are used different types specified material:

• profiled polycarbonate - monolithic corrugated sheets;
• cellular (cellular) polycarbonate - cellular structure, the length of the sheets is 6 and 12 m, it is produced in color and transparent;
• monolithic (cast) polycarbonate - solid sheets without voids, outwardly resemble glass. They are multi-layered: the top layer is rough, the second serves to delay ultraviolet radiation, and the third ensures the strength of the material.

If high roof loads are expected, then it is better to lay thicker polycarbonate

Advantages of polycarbonate:

• lightweight - does not require massive roof structures, quickly mounted;
• transmits light well;
• colored specimens add brightness to the interior of the building;
• flexible and resilient - the large sizes of the sheets make it possible to cover complex-shaped roofs;
• impact-resistant - does not break from any mechanical influences (falling branches, hitting stones);
• fireproof - fire does not spread over such a surface, it fades;
• resistant to strong temperature changes.

Fastening of polycarbonate is carried out on special self-tapping screws with press washers. The thickness of the sheets is made different.

For a greenhouse or a canopy, 4–10 mm will be enough, and to cover a large area, it is better to take sheets no thinner than 16 mm. If high loads on the roof are expected, then it is necessary to lay sheets with a thickness of 32 mm.

To create good illumination in the room, transparent polycarbonate is used, and when it is necessary to protect some space from overheating, colored sheets with reflective additives are placed above it.

Colored polycarbonate canopy regulates heat transfer under the roof and serves as a shelter from the sun's rays, reflecting ultraviolet

To build a roof of a certain shape, you first need to create a frame from metal or aluminum profiles, sometimes used wooden beam. But there are also special polycarbonate profiles: detachable and one-piece. And since they are also transparent, it seems that the structure is floating in the air.

From ondulin

In appearance, ondulin is similar to slate, but is made of elastic material.

Benefits of ondulin:

• almost zero water absorption;
• resistance to temperature changes;
• protection against damage by fungus, mold and insects;
• resistance to the effects of chemically active substances;
• protection against discoloration under the sun;
• light weight;
• simple installation;
• long service life.

Ondulin and slate fit in the same way, but certain features still exist.

Manufacturers recommend laying ondulin at temperatures from 0 to +30 ° C. If the roof slope is less than 10 degrees, then for fastening it is necessary to fill a continuous crate or plywood sheets. It is possible to carry out installation without a vapor and waterproofing film, but it is still better to lay it.

Installation of ondulin is carried out on a rare crate, and if the roof slope is less than 10 degrees, then wooden base nailed tightly, without gaps

Laying of ondulin sheets is carried out staggered, lateral overlap is done by 1–2 waves, and longitudinal by 20–30 cm (it all depends on the angle of inclination of the slope). On the wooden frame special nails are used, and on metal - self-tapping screws.

from slate

Slate is considered a budget material. It is durable and easy to fit.

Slate is usually produced in gray, but you can paint it yourself or buy already painted sheets. Colored enamel not only changes the appearance of the slate coating, but also additionally protects against moisture.

painted slate roof immediately updates the look of the whole house

Its popularity is due to the presence of such advantages:

• does not rust, does not conduct electricity, does not burn;
• during repair allows you to replace one sheet;
• during a rain absorbs noise;
• does not warm up from the heat of the sun;
• serves at least 30-40 years;

Gray slate is a common roofing material for small private houses.

But this material also has a number of disadvantages:

• fragile;
• heavy;
• absorbs water, eventually cracks and becomes covered with moss;
• asbestos slate contains carcinogenic substances (it is better to use chrysolite-cement).

Slate sheets come with a different number of waves, but their length is always 175 cm. Slate is mounted on nails with wide flat caps.

thatched roof

It is believed that a thatched roof is already a relic, but now in many elite houses such a roof is used for covering. It can also be used not only straw, but also reed, heather, reeds. Such natural materials are highly flexible, which gives unlimited scope for design imagination.

Reed and straw roofs look unusual and are used to decorate private houses.

The thatched roof not only looks original and beautiful, it is also characterized by high heat saving.

A layer of vegetative cover of 30-35 cm protects the building from heat and cold no worse than modern thermal insulation materials. With a layer thickness of about 30 cm, the weight square meter roof is only 35 kg.

Natural plant roof is modern original solution with high performance

Do not think that a thatched roof is ignited by any spark. Before use, the material is treated with a flame retardant, and its dense laying reduces fire safety to the level of other types of roofing.

The service life of a thatched roof is 50 years or more, which is more than that of a profiled sheet or metal tile. Experts recommend laying such a coating on roofs with an angle of at least 35 degrees. The natural roof does not require the creation of a ventilation system and perfectly absorbs sounds.

Types of roofing of private houses

A private house can have a flat or pitched roof, but the second option is usually found. In this case, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• piece - natural, composite, cement-sand or bituminous tiles, slate roofing;
• sheet - metal tiles, profiled sheets, ondulin, slate, seam roofing;
• vegetable - from reed, reed, straw, heather.

When choosing a roofing material for a private house, one must take into account not only its performance characteristics, but also its appearance in order to make the building beautiful and original.

Video: choosing a roof for a private house

Types of roofing of apartment buildings

If an apartment building is 1-4 floors high, then a pitched roof is usually made in it, therefore, the same materials are used to cover it as in private housing construction.

In multi-storey buildings, the roof is always flat: rolled and built-up materials are used to cover it, or a membrane roof is laid. If the surface of a flat roof is planned to be exploited, then an inverted roof is mounted, on which you can walk and ride. Additionally, liquid roofing is used on the roofs of high-rise buildings: it perfectly protects against moisture, and is durable.

Video: green roof on the roof of an apartment building

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Modern buildings are different great variety architectural solutions. If earlier almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of what types of roofs are of interest to everyone who decides to build a house. When choosing an option for arranging a roof, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to its functionality.

All types of roof structures differ not only externally, but also in functional features. Ideal option does not exist: each type of roof construction has advantages and disadvantages.

Classification by slope angle

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roofing are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.

A flat roof is the simplest, it rests on walls of the same height and has practically no slope. Such roofs have a slope angle of 2.5-3%. Main disadvantage flat roofs is that due to the small slope, the removal of melt and rain water is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.

Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: at the top you can arrange a flower garden and even a pool - the main thing is that the supporting structures can withstand this load.

For construction country houses and cottages usually use pitched roofs. The angle of inclination of the slopes of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rain water is easily removed from pitched surfaces; at a large slope angle, snow does not linger on them.

Design classification

According to their structural solution, roofs are non-attic and attic. The first option involves combining with the main room, and the roof of the last floor is the supporting structures of the roof. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room, they can be insulated or cold.

According to the type of ventilation, non-attic roofs are divided into:

• non-ventilated;
• ventilated;
• partially ventilated.

Also, roofs can be operated or not operated.

Geometric classification

Types of roof coverings according to the geometric shape are as follows.

Shed roofs . Consist of a single plane. Their truss system is based on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more: ""). Due to this, a slope is formed. Roofs with one slope are easy to build and do not require large financial costs. But mostly they are used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For shed roofs, you can use tiles, slate, metal tiles, metal profiles, roofing felt, ondulin, and more (more: ""). Rainwater and snow does not linger on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus creating storm sewer relieved. The main disadvantages of shed roofs are the lack of an attic space and a small selection of design solutions.

gable roofs . They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes, based on load-bearing walls of the same height. This type of roof is also called gable. (read also: "") The gap between the two slopes (tongs, gables) has the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a shed version, but easier than other types of cottage roofs.

The gable roof is reliable, well removes rain and melt water, snow, can withstand strong wind loads. In addition, it looks much more interesting than a pitched roof. For gable structures, you can use different roofing.

Mansard roofs - This is a type of duplex. But for the roof slopes themselves, broken lines are characteristic. Another variant of the name of such roofs is “broken”, since the slopes can be refracted under different angle. The presence of a break increases the area and volume of the attic, which is subsequently used as housing and is called an attic.

Therefore, this version of the roof device is called "mansard". Its pediments are shaped like a pentagon. The design of such a roof is characterized by certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can think of quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs of one-story houses.

Thermal insulation is also important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is done in accordance with all the rules, then you can live in the attic even in winter period. Otherwise, the room under the roof can only be used in the summer.

As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.

For these roofs, a system of double-pull rafters and beams is used. Their shape contributes to the rapid and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. Tilt angles hip roofs are 45 degrees. They also withstand strong winds well. Due to the large angle hipped roof need to be equipped with a drain. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex truss system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.

Types of roofing for this type of roof can be different. You can use both light and heavy roofing materials. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the second materials for roofing last longer, plus, they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.

Half hip roof . These are ordinary hip roofs with truncated triangular slopes. At the heart of the house is a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes look like a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A roof in the form of a pyramid can decorate any building. The installation of this type of roof is as complicated as the installation of hip roofs. Their construction is also best entrusted to specialists. Read also: "

Also, such roofs are used to create an overlap of a part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are made from bent frame elements. Such types of roofing materials are used for the roof as soft (roofing felt, glass tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).

Currently, you can see a variety of coverage options on private houses and cottages. Types of roofing for the roof are very diverse. Everyone can choose for their home suitable option roofing and type of roofing material. Any method of creating a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, it is necessary to take into account not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".