Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 5 minutes

Drywall is modern material for interior decoration which is at the peak of its popularity today. The combination of great features and affordable prices make gypsum plasterboards (GKL) an indispensable material for leveling walls, erecting interior partitions, designing door and window slopes, creating suspended ceilings, curved surfaces and structures of various shapes. Consider specifications, which a high-quality drywall sheet should have in accordance with the requirements of GOST, and find out what types of material should be preferred for use in certain conditions.

Gypsum board is a product rectangular shape, consisting of pressed gypsum grade G4 (GOST 125-79), enclosed on both sides in a thin layer of durable cardboard. In addition to gypsum and cellulose, in the production of gypsum boards, it is possible to use various adhesives and foaming agents for the gypsum component. The perfectly flat surface and strength of drywall allow it to act simultaneously as a reinforcing frame and a basis for finishing.

70% drywall shown on Russian market, produced under the brand Knauf (Knauf). Knauf plasterboard products comply with Russian standards GOST 6266-97 and GOST 32614-2012, as well as the German standard DIN 18 180.

GKL classification

The technical characteristics of drywall sheets depend on which variety they belong to. According to GOST 6266-97, the following types of drywall are distinguished:

• ordinary - abbreviated GKL;
• moisture resistant - GKLV;
• drywall with increased fire resistance - GKLO;
• material that combines the properties moisture resistant material and increased resistance to open fire - GKLVO.

In 2012, a new interstate standard was adopted, developed in collaboration with Knauf. In GOST 32614-2012, put into effect on the territory of Russia since 2015, drywall is called gypsum building boards. According to the new GOST, the material is divided into 8 types:

• A - drywall, corresponding to the standard GKL;
• H - moisture resistant gypsum boards;
• F - fire-resistant boards;
• D - plates having a given density, which depends on the operating conditions;
• I - material with increased hardness;
• E - facade slabs with low water absorption and minimal vapor permeability;
• P - products intended for subsequent application gypsum plaster or laying tiles;
• R is a material with increased bending strength in any direction.

Standard or ordinary GKL (GSP-A according to the new GOST), which is also called construction or basic, is used more often than other types for finishing apartments. With it, and wall frames made of metal and wood. It has a light gray surface, the use is possible only in rooms with normal humidity. Standard drywall.

Moisture resistant GKL

Moisture-resistant drywall GKLV (according to the new standard - GSP-H2) is used in rooms with medium and high humidity. The resistance of the material to moisture is achieved by adding modifiers to gypsum that reduce its absorbency, as well as antifungal compounds. The moisture-resistant appearance of drywall is easily recognizable due to the green color of the surface. The scope of the moisture-resistant material is wider than that of the base GKL and includes such premises as a kitchen, a bathroom, a heated loggia, and an insulated balcony. GKLV can be used for the manufacture of slopes, subject to the use of high-quality waterproofing, even wall decoration in the shower room is possible.

Moisture-resistant material absorbs no more than 10% moisture compared to conventional GCR.

Fireproof drywall

GKLO differs from other types of drywall in the presence of special additives in the gypsum core that provide resistance to high temperatures and prevent the spread of smoke and fire during a fire. At Knauf, high-density fire-resistant material is designated GSP-DF.

According to GOST, the resistance of GKLO and GKLVO products to open fire must be at least 20 minutes.

The technical characteristics of this type of GKL create a separate area of ​​​​application: sheathing of cable and ventilation ducts, steel and wooden structures in need of fire protection. The cardboard layer of a fire-resistant sheet usually has a light pink tint; the marking, as required by GOST, must be red. For finishing wet rooms, drywall is used, designated by the letters GKLVO (GSP-DFH2 according to the new standard), which combines the properties of a fire and moisture resistant material.

The most fire-resistant drywall is Knauf Fireboard, which has additional fiberglass reinforcement.

GKLD - design, flexible or arched drywall, which is not mentioned in GOST 6266-97. Designed to create structures of complex curved shapes: arches, decorative elements suspended ceiling. A small thickness (6-6.5 mm) and reinforcement with fiberglass reinforcing mesh allow this material to be bent without wetting.

High strength drywall

The use of reinforced drywall is advisable for heavy loads on the wall, if it is necessary to fasten a heavy object. An example of such a material is Diamant drywall from Knauf. This manufacturer also manufactures products of large thickness (18, 20, 25 mm) called high-strength or massive plates. Such material can also be fire and moisture resistant.

Product parameters

The main technical characteristics of drywall are regulated by the GOST 6266-97 standard.

The size

The size of the drywall sheet can be different:

• The standard lengths of the product are 2, 2.5 and 3 m. There are manufacturers producing sheets having a length of 1.5 to 3.6 m.
• The sheet width is usually 1.2 m, although recently small-format products with a width of 0.6 m have appeared on sale, providing more convenient transportation.
• The thickness of the sheet can be from 6 to 12.5 mm. If a we are talking about reinforced plates, then we can talk about a greater thickness, reaching 25 mm. Sheets with a minimum thickness are intended for the manufacture of bent structures. Drywall 9 mm thick is used for the ceiling, 12.5 mm for walls.

The most popular Knauf plasterboard format is 250 x 120 cm.

Drywall - practical, environmentally friendly and inexpensive construction material, used as a reinforcing frame for creating interior partitions, multi-level suspended ceilings and other decorative interior structures. It becomes the basis for leveling and finishing the walls of the premises with tiles, tiles, wallpaper and paint.

The panel is made of a core covered on both sides with thick cardboard - a gypsum mixture with reinforcing additives. 93% - gypsum mixture, 7% - cardboard. One of the advantages is absolute non-toxicity, due to the absence of harmful additives in the material.

Despite the small thickness, drywall has a rather high density. This building material is easy to mount, which allows you to use it yourself, attaching it to prefabricated metal frame structures using screws and dowels.

For quality repairs different types rooms, choose the appropriate types of drywall sheets.

• GKL is a gray or beige plasterboard sheet with a standard designation applied to it with blue paint. It is used for sheathing walls and wall partitions, finishing suspended ceilings and flexible arched structures, depending on the thickness of the drywall sheet. The cheapest and most common type of this product.

GKL

• GKLV - these are moisture-resistant sheets of green (some manufacturers have blue) color with a standard designation printed on them with blue paint. Differs in special structure of a cardboard and additional water-repellent and antifungal additives. They are used in rooms with high humidity of 65\75% (bathroom, balcony). Moisture absorption in them is reduced by 2 times. They are used as a basis for decorating rooms with tiles, paint or wallpaper.

GKLV

• GKLO are fire-resistant sheets of gray color with the designation of the standard applied on them with red paint. (Some manufacturers such as Rigips make sheets in pink). They differ in reinforcing additives in the core. Withstand elevated temperatures. In case of fire, do not allow open fire to quickly spread throughout the room. Such plasterboard sheets resist the action of open fire for at least 20 minutes. They are used in fire hazardous rooms (attic, warehouses). Withstands brief contact with open fire.

GKLO

• GKLVO are moisture- and fire-resistant sheets of green color with the designation of the standard applied on them with red paint. Combines the properties of GKLV and GKLO. It is used in rooms with high temperatures and humidity. (baths, saunas).

GKLVO

Characteristics and parameters

According to the requirements of GOST 30 244, drywall is included in group G1 (according to flammability properties).

According to GOST 30 402, drywall sheets are included in group B2 (according to flammability properties).

Based on GOST 12 00.1.044, it is included in group T1 (according to toxicity properties) and group D1 (according to the ability to smoke).

Drywall sheet parameters:

(name, thickness, length, width, weight)

• GKL (9.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 9.5 kg);
• GKL (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 12.5 kg);
• GKL (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 15 kg);
• GKL (9.5 mm * 2.0 m * 0.6 m * 18 kg);
• GKLV (9.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 8 - 10 kg);
• GKLV (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 12 kg);
• GKLV (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 15 kg);
• GKLO (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 10 - 13 kg);
• GKLO (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 13 - 16 kg);
• GKLVO (12.5 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 10 - 13 kg);
• GKLVO (15 mm * 2500 m * 1200 m * 13 - 16 kg).

Drywall Panels

According to the accuracy of manufacturing, sheets are divided into two types: A and B

For type A, deviation from squareness is allowed by 3 mm, for group B - by 8 mm. Deviation in thickness ±0.5 mm for both groups A and B. In length - 0 and ±8 mm, respectively. For the first group, damage to corners and edges is unacceptable.

Edge types:

• PC \ SK - straight edge, used for installation without joints.
• UK \ AK - a thinned edge, used for further gluing with reinforcing tape and processing with putty
• ZK \ RK - rounded edge, used when processing with plaster.
• PLC \ HRK - a semi-circular edge applied with front side, is used when processing with putty, while reinforcing tape is not used.
• PLUK \ HRAK - a semi-circular edge, thinned on the front side, used using both putty and reinforcing tape.

Edge types

The marking is indicated on the reverse side of the sheet using a stamp or resistant indelible paint. The manufacturer's emblem or the name of the company and the obligatory information of the sheet are entered into the marking: type designation, group, type of longitudinal edge, length, width, thickness in mm and the number of the manufacturing standard. For example: GKL-A-UK-3000 * 12 0000 * 12 00.5 GOST 6266-97.

For what purpose is it suitable

By appointment, drywall is divided into wall, ceiling and arched. The thickness of the wall is 12.5 mm, the ceiling is 9.5 mm, the arched is 6.5 mm.

Wall drywall is a regular sheet of drywall, without additional impurities. It is used for wall cladding or installation of barriers, false walls, various shelves. They are installed on special metal frames.

Ceiling is used for mounting suspended ceilings and multi-tiered ceiling products. Since it is thin and flexible, it is used to make arcuate and wavy interior details.

On curvilinear non-standard structures, arched or designer drywall is used, it is thinner than wall plasterboard. Its main difference is the addition of reinforced fiberglass to the core. Due to this, it has a more flexible structure and less fragility. Thickness varies from 6 to 6.5mm. The weight of such panels is about 5 kg per 1 m². The disadvantage of this type of drywall is that it is very dense. Poor cutting and processing. Please note that due to the thinness, the material must be mounted in two layers. This greatly increases the cost of the structure, so on small bends it can be replaced with a ceiling one.

For cases where increased strength, impact resistance and withstand heavy loads in rooms with high humidity are required, a special reinforced gypsum plasterboard of the GKLVU type is used. The thickness of such panels is from 18 to 25 mm. They are made with two types of edges - straight and thin.

Soundproof studio

Separately distinguish the acoustic appearance of drywall sheets

The exclusivity of these panels lies in the fact that their surface is applied a large number of rounded gaps with a diameter of about 1 cm. And on the reverse side of the panel a special soundproof coating is pasted.

Such material is used for soundproofing walls, music studios, theater rooms, cinemas, boiler rooms. These sheets do not need further processing, it is enough to cover them with a layer of paint.

Sheets for special purposes are also made from this material. They have additional properties: absorb electromagnetic waves, X-ray shielded, enhanced thermal insulation. For cladding external walls, special anti-wind panels are used.

In contact with

GOST 6266-97

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GYPSUM SHEETS

Specifications

Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission
on standardization, technical regulation
and certification in construction (MNTKS)

Moscow, 1999

Foreword

1 DESIGNEDOAO VNIISTROM im. P.P. Budnikov" and JV "TIGI KNAUF", JSC of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCEDGosstroy of Russia

2 ACCEPTEDInterstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) December 10, 1997

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Committee on Housing and Construction Policy under the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Inspectorate for Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Public Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia

3 REPLACEMENT GOST 6266-89

4 INTRODUCED from April 1, 1999 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated November 24, 1998 No. 14.

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GYPSUM SHEETS

Technicalconditions

GYPSUM PLASTERBOARDS, SPECIFICATIONS

Introduction date 1999-04-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to gypsum plasterboard sheets (hereinafter referred to as sheets) intended for wall decoration, partitioning, suspended ceilings, fire protection of structures, and the manufacture of decorative and sound-absorbing products.

The standard establishes the mandatory requirements set out in sections , , , , paragraphs -.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

Ordinary (GKL);

Moisture resistant (GKLV);

With increased resistance to open flame (GKLO);

Moisture resistant with increased resistance to open flame (GKLVO).

Meaning

2000 - 4000 in increments of 50

6,5; 8,0; 9,5; 12,5; 14,0; 16,0; 18,0; 20,0; 24,0

Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, sheets of other nominal sizes can be produced. Limit deviations must correspond to those given in the table.

table 2

In millimeters

	Limit deviations from the nominal dimensions for sheets of the group
		in width	by thickness		in width	by thickness
Up to 16 incl.
						4.6 Symbol sheets should consist of: The letter designation of the type of sheets - by; Sheet group designations - by ; Type designations of longitudinal edges of sheets - according to; Numbers indicating the nominal length, width and thickness of the sheet in millimeters; Symbols of this standard. Symbol exampleordinary gypsum board group A with edges thinned on the front side 3000 mm long, 1200 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick: GKL-A-UK-3000×1200×12.5 GOST 6266-97. 5 Technical requirements Sheets must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer. 5.1 Appearance For sheets of group A, damage to the corners and longitudinal edges is not allowed. For sheets of group B, damage to corners and longitudinal edges (minor defects) is not allowed, the size and number of which exceed the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in the table. Table 3 The number of sheets with minor defects should not be more than two of the number of sheets selected for control. 5.2 Characteristics 5.2.1 The mass of 1 m 2 of sheets (surface density) must correspond to that indicated in the table. Table 4 In kilograms per square meter (Amendment, IUS 7-2002)
longitudinal	transverse

Sheet strength assessment according to is carried out if the manufacturer does not have control tools for evaluating the breaking load and deflection according to .

Breaking load, H (kgf), not less than for samples

Deflection, mm, not more than for samples

longitudinal

transverse

longitudinal

transverse

Up to 10.0 incl.

St. 10.0 to 18.0 incl.

* In parentheses is the maximum deflection value for a single sample

The deviation of the minimum value of the breaking load of an individual sample from the requirements of the table should not be more than 10%.

5.2.5 Water absorption of GKLV and GKLV sheets should not exceed 10%.

5.2.7 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in gypsum boards should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

5.3 Marking

The marking must be legible and contain:

Trademark and/or manufacturer's name;

Conventional designation of sheets, except for the designation of a group of sheets by .

The inscriptions must be made on the sheets:

GKL and GKLV - in blue;

GKLO and GKLVO - in red.

5.3.2 Labeling of transport packages of sheets is carried out using labels attached to the package in any way that ensures its safety during transportation.

The label must state:

Manufacturer's name and (or) its trademark;

Conventional designation of sheets;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Number of sheets in square meters and (or) in pieces;

Stamp of the technical control service.

5.3.3 Each package must have a transport marking in accordance with GOST 14192, it must be marked with handling signs: “Fragile. Caution" and "Keep away from moisture".

6 Fire performance data

Gypsum plasterboard sheets GKL, GKLV, GKLO and GKLVO belong to the flammability group G1 according to GOST 30244, to the flammability group B3 according to GOST 30402, to the smoke-generating ability group D1 according to GOST 12.1.044, to the toxicity group T1 according to GOST 12.1.044.

Assignment of drywall sheets to a higher (less flammable) flammability group can be carried out based on the results of tests on the products of a particular manufacturer.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 Each batch of sheets must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service in accordance with the requirements of this standard.

7.2 Sheets are accepted in batches. The batch must consist of sheets of the same type, group, type of longitudinal edges and dimensions, made using the same technology and from the same materials.

The volume of the batch of sheets is set in the amount of not more than the shift production of the production line.

Appearance;

Shape and dimensions;

Weight 1 m 2;

Breaking load when testing sheets for bending strength;

Adhesion of the gypsum core to the cardboard;

Water absorption (for GKLV and GKLV sheets).

7.4 The manufacturer must conduct periodic tests of GKLO and GKLVO sheets for resistance to open flame at least once a quarter and every time when the technical parameters of production and raw materials change. For testing, three sheets are selected from the lot.

In case of obtaining unsatisfactory test results, it is necessary to switch to the control of resistance to open flame of each batch of products.

Upon receipt of positive test results of five consecutive batches, they are again transferred to periodic tests.

The test results apply to all deliverable lots until the next periodic test.

7.5 Fire-technical characteristics are determined when the product is put into production, as well as in case of changes in the composition of the product, which may lead to a change in fire-technical characteristics.

7.6 For the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff in gypsum plasterboard sheets, take the value of A eff in the gypsum binder used for the manufacture of sheets (gypsum stone). This value is set on the basis of the supplier's document on the quality of the gypsum binder (gypsum stone).

In the absence of data on the A eff value in the applied gypsum binder (gypsum stone), sheets should be tested for this indicator at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories and each time the binder (gypsum stone) supplier is changed.

7.7 To carry out the control, the sheets are selected by random selection from different places in the lot.

7.8 For the manufacturer to conduct acceptance tests, five sheets are selected from the lot.

Selected sheets are checked for compliance with the requirements of the standard in terms of appearance, shape and size. In the case of positive control results, three of the tested five sheets are used to control the rest of the indicators.

The batch is accepted if all the sheets selected for control meet the requirements of this standard in terms of the indicators specified in.

Upon receipt of unsatisfactory control results for at least one of the indicators specified in, re-tests are carried out for this indicator, for which a double number of sheets is taken from the same batch.

If the results of the retests meet the requirements of this standard, then the lot is accepted; if they do not satisfy, then the lot is not subject to acceptance.

7.9 In case of non-compliance of the batch of sheets with the requirements of this standard for appearance, shape and size, it is allowed to re-submit it for control after sorting.

7.12 In the cases provided for in and, the product must be re-labeled for compliance with its requirements, this should be indicated in the accompanying document.

7.13 When testing sheets by the consumer, inspection control and certification tests, the sample size and evaluation of the control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of section.

7.14 The manufacturer must accompany each batch (part of the batch) of sheets with a quality document indicating:

Manufacturer's name and address;

Name and symbol of sheets;

Batch number, date of manufacture;

Number of sheets in pieces and (or) square meters;

Stamp and signature of the head of the technical control service

8 Control methods

8.1 Appearance control

8.1.1 The presence (absence) of minor defects is checked visually.

Measurements of minor defects are made with a ruler in accordance with GOST 427, a caliper with a depth gauge in accordance with GOST 166 using a square in accordance with GOST 3749.

Damage to the corners of the sheet is measured along the length of the largest leg with a ruler using a square. The square is applied to each damaged corner of the product, restoring its shape, and the distance from the inner top of the square to the border of damage to the corresponding side of the sheet is measured.

The length of damage to the longitudinal edges of the sheet is measured with a ruler or caliper.

The depth of damage to the longitudinal edges of the sheet is measured with a caliper with a depth gauge using a ruler at the site of the greatest damage.

8.1.2 Compliance of the marking with the requirements of the standard is checked visually.

The marking is considered to meet the requirements of this standard if it includes all the information provided for by the standard and at the same time it is impossible to challenge its content.

8.2 Dimensional and shape control

8.2.1 Controls

Metal tape measure with a division price of not more than 1 mm in accordance with GOST 7502.

Metal ruler according to GOST 427.

Thickness gauge according to GOST 11358 or caliper according to GOST 166.

It is allowed to use other measuring instruments, the error of which is not lower than the requirements of this standard.

The error of measuring instruments should not exceed: ± 0.1 mm - when measuring thickness, ± 1.0 mm - when measuring other sheet sizes.

8.2.2 Taking measurements

8.2.2.1 Pancake and sheet width are measured with a tape measure at a distance of (65 ± 5) mm from the respective edges and in the middle of the sheet; the measurement point can be shifted from the middle of the corresponding side of the sheet by no more than 30 mm.

8.2.2.2 The sheet thickness is measured with a thickness gauge (caliper) along each end edge in three places: at a distance of (65 ± 5) mm from the longitudinal edges and in the middle of the end edge; the measuring point can be shifted from the middle of the end edge by no more than 30 mm.

8.2.2.3 The deviation from squareness is determined by the difference in the lengths of the diagonals.

The length of each diagonal is measured with a tape measure once.

8.2.3 Handling results

8.2.3.1 When measuring the length, width and diagonals of a sheet, the indication of the measuring instrument is rounded off to 1 mm.

When measuring sheet thickness, the indication of the measuring instrument is rounded off to 0.1 mm.

8.2.3.2 When measuring the length, width and thickness of the sheet, the result of each measurement must comply with the requirements of section.

8.2.3.3 The squareness deviation is calculated from the difference in the lengths of the measured diagonals. The result obtained must meet the requirements.

8.3 Determination of the mass of 1 m 2 sheet (surface density)

8.3.1 Controls

Laboratory drying cabinet with perforated shelves, which allows to automatically maintain the temperature within (40-45) °C.

Scales laboratory technical in accordance with GOST 24103, the accuracy class is average.

8.3.2 Samples

Tests are carried out on samples prepared according to or and intended to determine the breaking load after testing according to.

Water tank.

8.6.2 Sample preparation

From each sheet selected for control, one square sample is cut out with a side length of (300 ± 5) mm at a distance of at least 100 mm from the edges of the sheet.

8.6.3 Conducting the test

For testing, use tap water, the temperature of which should be (20±2)° WITH.

The sample is dried to constant weight at a temperature of (41±1)° With according to . Dried samples after cooling under conditions that exclude exposure to moisture are weighed and placed for 2 hours in water in a horizontal position on linings, while the water level should be at least 50 mm higher than the samples. Before weighing the water-saturated samples, any water droplets present on the sample surface are removed from each sample.

Weighing of each sample must be completed no later than 5 minutes after removing it from the water.

8.6.4 Handling results

Weighing results are rounded up to 10 g.

Water absorption W, %, calculated by the formula

(2)

where m 1 - weight of the sample dried to constant weight, g;

m 2 is the mass of the sample saturated with water, g.

The result of the calculation is rounded up to 1%.

For the water absorption of a batch of sheets, the arithmetic mean of the test results of all samples is taken.

8.7 Determination of sheet resistance to open flame

8.7.1 Controls

The schematic diagram of the installation for testing samples for resistance to open flame from two sides is shown in the figure and includes two gas burners with a diameter of 30 mm, a frame with a pin for hanging the sample, two thermocouples, and a device for hanging the load to the sample. The burners should be located coaxially in the center of the sample perpendicular to its surface at a distance of 5 mm from the sample surface and at the level of the upper cut of the burner outlet.

The installation must be equipped shutoff valves to regulate the supply of gas (propane).

8.7.2 Sample preparation

From each sheet selected for control, two longitudinal samples are cut with a fine-toothed saw, taking into account the requirements, with a length of (300 ± 0.5) mm and a width of (50 ± 0.5) mm. Two through holes with a diameter of 4 mm are drilled along the axial line of the specimens at a distance of 25 mm from the transverse edges for hanging the specimen on the frame of the test apparatus and the load.

9 Transport and storage

9.1 Sheets are transported by all means of transport in accordance with the Rules for the Transportation of Goods in force for this type of transport, and the requirements of other documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

9.2 Transportation of sheets is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed from sheets of the same type, group, type of longitudinal edges and dimensions using pallets or linings, which are made of wood, gypsum boards and other materials. Steel tape according to GOST 3560 or synthetic tape is used as strapping. Transport packages can also be packed in polyethylene shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951. The number of strappings, their cross-section, the dimensions of the linings and pallets are set by the technological regulations.

By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to transport the sheets in an unpackaged form (without strapping or wrapping in a film).

9.3 Package dimensions should not exceed 4100 mm in length, 1300 mm in width, and 800 mm in height; the mass of the package should not exceed 3000 kg.

9.4 When transported in open railway and road vehicles bags must be protected from moisture.

9.5 Sheets should be stored in rooms with dry and normal humidity conditions separately by type and size.

9.6 Storage of sheets at the manufacturer must be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner, in compliance with the requirements of safety and product safety.

9.7 Transport packages of sheets during storage at the consumer can be stacked on top of each other in accordance with safety regulations. In this case, the total height of the stack should not exceed 3.5 m.

9.8 During loading and unloading, transport and storage and other works, strikes on the sheets are not allowed.

10 Instructions for use

10.1 When using sheets, one should be guided by the design documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

10.2 Gypsum boards GKL and GKLO are used in buildings and premises with dry and normal humidity conditions in accordance with the current standards for building heat engineering.

10.3 Gypsum boards GKLV and GKLVO are used in buildings and premises with dry, normal, wet and wet humidity conditions in accordance with the current standards for building heat engineering.

When using GKLV and GKLVO sheets in buildings and premises with damp and wet conditions, they should be protected from the front surface with waterproof primers, putties, paints, ceramic tiles or PVC coverings. In these rooms, exhaust ventilation should be provided to ensure standard air exchange in accordance with the current building codes for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, residential buildings, public buildings and structures, administrative and residential buildings.

10.4 It is advisable to use GKLO and GKLVO sheets for cladding structures in order to increase their fire resistance in rooms with increased fire hazard.

APPENDIX A

(mandatory)

Terms and Definitions

Plasterboard sheets - sheet products consisting of a fireproof gypsum core, all planes of which, except for the end edges, are lined with cardboard, firmly glued to the core

Plasterboard sheets (gypsum plasterboard) - plasterboard sheets, used mainly for interior decoration of buildings and premises with dry and normal humidity conditions

Moisture resistant plasterboard sheets (GKLV) - plasterboard sheets with reduced water absorption (less than 10%) and increased resistance to moisture penetration

Plasterboard sheets with increased resistance to open flame (GKLO) - gypsum plasterboards, which are more resistant to fire than ordinary ones

Moisture resistant plasterboard sheets with increased resistance to open flame (GKLVO) - plasterboard sheets that simultaneously have the properties of GKLV and GKLO sheets

Longitudinal edge of drywall sheet - side edge lined with cardboard along the length of the sheet

Longitudinal sample of drywall sheet - a sample cut from a sheet, the direction of the length of which coincides with the length of the sheet

Cross section of drywall sheet - a sample cut from a sheet, the direction of the length of which coincides with the width of the sheet

Damage to corners and edges of plasterboard - bruises (dents) of corners and edges together with cardboard or only one gypsum core 4 SNiP 2.08.02-89 *Public buildings and structures

5 SNiP 2.09.04-87 *Administrative and residential buildings

Keywords:gypsum board sheets, moisture resistant gypsum board sheets, gypsum board sheets with increased resistance to open flame, moisture resistant gypsum board sheets with increased resistance to open flame.

Introduction

The company Giprok in the main nomenclature of gypsum boards produces flexible gypsum plasterboard Giprok used for arches, figured ceilings and facing other curved surfaces. Flexible drywall Gypsum board has a thickness of about 6 mm, and the technology of its production allows you to bend it without using the wet method of bending drywall.

• Elastic gypsum sheet Glasroc F Reflex.
• Giprok GKLD.
• Glasrock GFL.

The main flexible gypsum sheet is, of course, the Glasroc F Reflex elastic gypsum sheet. Let's start with him.

Ease of use

To work with drywall, you can get by with the tools that are in every home. The special property of drywall is that once wet, it flexes as the builder desires, and will remain that way when it dries.

It is convenient to make partitions from drywall of any size - it takes many times less time than if we did it from foam blocks or bricks. In addition, drywall is hypoallergenic.

Elastic, super flexible drywall Gypsum plasterboard - Glasroc F Reflex

Gypsum board Giprok is a product of one of the divisions of the Saint-Gobain concern. Sheets are made from gypsum binder, cardboard and additives. Plasterboard sheets have a rectangular shape.

The ends of the sheets are evenly cut off from the short edges and lined with cardboard from the long edges of the sheet. Edges from long edges can be straight and thinned.

In this article, we will consider the types and characteristics of gypsum plasterboard Gyprock.

I will list the main names of Giprok sheets:

• Giprok GKL - Standard gypsum plasterboard

For installation of interroom partitions, facing of walls and suspended ceilings. For dry and normally damp rooms.

• Giprok GKLV - Moisture resistant gypsum plasterboard

For installation of interior partitions, wall cladding and suspended ceilings, in damp rooms, including dry and normally damp rooms.

• Giprok GKLU - Reinforced gypsum plasterboard

For installation of interroom partitions, facing of walls and suspended ceilings. For work in dry and normally humid rooms and with increased noise protection and performance characteristics, for example, suspended equipment, heavy lamps.

• Giprok GKLVU - Moisture resistant reinforced gypsum plasterboard

For the installation of interior partitions, wall cladding and suspended ceilings in rooms with dry, normal and high humidity with improved performance.

• Giprok GKLO - Fire Retardant Gypsum Board Gypsum Board

For installation of interior partitions, wall cladding and suspended ceilings in dry and normal humidity conditions for increased fire resistance of structures.

• Giprok GKLZ - Windproof gypsum plasterboard

For windproof cladding of external walls.

• Giprok GKLD - Design gypsum plasterboard

Unique gypsum plasterboard Gypsum board for curved surfaces and three-dimensional interior elements. It bends easily and does not require special bending tools.

Edge type	Designation	Length, meter	Sheet width, meter	Thickness, mm
PC	GKL Giprok		1,2	9,5;12,5
PC	GKLV Giprok	2,5; 2,55; 2,6; 2,7; 2,75; 3,0; 3,3; 3,6	1,2	12,5
PC	GKLU Giprok	2,55; 2,6; 2,7; 2,75; 3,0; 3,3	1,2	12,5
UK	GKLVU Giprok	2,0; 2,52; 2,6; 2,7; 2,75; 3,0	1,2	12,5
UK	GKLO Giprok	2,75; 3,0	1,2	15,4
PC	GKLZ Giprok	2,75; 3,0	1,2	9,5
UK	GKLD Giprok	2,75; 3,0	0,9	6,5

General information

Plasterboard sheets are a building and finishing material used for wall cladding, interior partitions, suspended ceilings, fire-retardant coatings for structures, as well as for the manufacture of decorative and sound-absorbing products.

Using drywall sheets in the process of finishing work, inconvenient "wet" processes are excluded, labor productivity increases significantly, it is possible to implement unlimited in design, multivariate architectural solutions, including the installation of curved surfaces, the overall savings in construction costs are achieved due to the lightening of the building structure, not only environmental cleanliness is ensured, but also a microclimate that is favorable for humans in the room.

Knauf plasterboard sheets are produced in accordance with GOST 6266-97. Their production is carried out on modern equipment (France), which, since 1994, has been constantly improved with the participation of the Knauf company (Germany), one of the leading European manufacturers of gypsum plasterboards, which currently makes it possible to manufacture products according to their characteristics that meet strict world standards. standards.

Production and composition

The technological process for the manufacture of gypsum boards includes the formation on a conveyor of a continuous flat strip with a section of a given shape (required thickness and type of side edges), 1200 mm wide, consisting of two layers of special cardboard with a layer of gypsum dough with reinforcing additives, while the side edges of the strip are rolled the edges of the cardboard (front layer). Further, after the “setting” of the gypsum, the strip is cut into separate sheets, as well as drying, marking, stacking and packaging of the finished product.

To form the core, gypsum is used, which has exceptional physical and technical properties as a building material. Gypsum-based materials have the ability to breathe, that is, to absorb excess moisture and release it into environment at a disadvantage. Gypsum is a non-combustible, fire-resistant material, it does not contain toxic components and has an acidity similar to that of human skin, its production and use does not have a harmful effect on the environment. To achieve the required indicators of the gypsum core, which characterize its strength, density, etc., special components are added to it to increase its performance properties.

Another essential component drywall is a facing cardboard, the adhesion of which to the core is ensured by the use of adhesive additives. Cardboard plays the role of a reinforcing shell, and along with this, it is an excellent basis for applying any finishing material (plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tiles, etc.). Due to its physical and hygienic properties, cardboard is ideal for living quarters.

Types of sheets, their features and applications

Designation	Type of drywall	a brief description of	Application area	Cardboard color	Marking color
GKL	Ordinary	grey	blue
GKLO	With increased resistance to open flame	They differ from ordinary ones by special reinforcing additives in the core material	They are used in buildings and premises with dry and normal humidity conditions according to SNiP II-3-79*	grey	red
GKLV	moisture resistant	They differ from ordinary ones in special impregnated cardboard, as well as hydrophobic and antifungal additives in the core material	They are used in the same way as conventional gypsum boards, as well as in buildings and premises with damp and wet humidity conditions according to SNiP II-3-79 * with provision exhaust ventilation and provided that the front surface is protected, for example: waterproofing, waterproof primers, paints, ceramic tiles, PVC coatings	green	blue
GKLVO	Moisture resistant with increased resistance to open flame	Differ from the usual combination of properties of GKLO and GKLV		green	red

Sheet sizes

In shape, drywall sheets are rectangular elements with the following nominal geometric dimensions:

Sheet groups

According to the tolerance on the length of the sheet, the number of external permissible defects, gypsum boards in accordance with GOST 6266-97 are divided into two groups: A and B. KNAUF produces sheets only of the highest group - A.

Edge types

cross section	Edge type	Designation	Application
	Straight	PC	For dry installation, without sealing the joint
	Thinned	UK	For installation, taking into account the subsequent sealing of the joint with Fugenfüller putty with reinforcing tape
	Semi-circular on the front	PLC	For installation, taking into account the subsequent sealing of the joint with Uniflot putty without reinforcing tape
	Semi-circular and thinned on the front side	PLUK	Universal edge for mounting, taking into account the subsequent sealing of the joint with putty: "Uniflot" - without reinforcing tape; "Fugenfüller" - with reinforcing tape
	rounded	ZK	For installation with regard to subsequent plastering

The end edges of the sheets are rectangular in shape and when making a seam, they must be chamfered (approximately 1/3 of the sheet thickness).

Symbol

The symbol for drywall sheets consists of: letter designation of the type of sheet; sheet group designations; designation of the type of longitudinal edges of the sheet; numbers indicating the nominal length, width and thickness of the sheet in millimeters; standard designations.

An example of a symbol for a conventional gypsum plasterboard sheet of group A, with thinned edges, 2500 mm long, 1200 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick: GKL-A-UK-2500 × 1200 × 12.5 GOST 6266-97.

Strength

The assessment of the strength of gypsum boards in bending is carried out according to the results of testing several samples (3 longitudinal and 3 transverse) from the batch. Tests are carried out on samples 400 mm wide, mounted on supports with a span L = 40×S, where S is the sheet thickness. The test results (arithmetic mean) must correspond to the data in the table.

The strength of the sheets produced by Knauf exceeds the minimum allowable values. For example, for sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm, the breaking load for longitudinal specimens is sometimes 730 N.

The mass of an ordinary Knauf sheet with dimensions of 2500 × 1200 × 12.5 mm (3 m²) is about 29 kg.

Fire-technical characteristics

Gypsum plasterboard sheets GKL, GKLV, GKLO, GKLVO belong to the flammability group G1 (according to GOST 30244), to the flammability group B3 (according to GOST 30402), to the smoke-generating ability group D1 (according to GOST 12.1.044), to the toxicity group T1 (according to GOST 12.1.044).

Transport and storage

GKL is transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged form. The package is formed from sheets of the same group, type and size, laid flat on pallets or pads made of wood or plasterboard strips and other materials, usually with steel or synthetic strapping and packaging in shrink polyethylene film.

Transport and storage plasterboard sheets Knauf requires some rules to be followed:

• dimensions of the transport package (with a pallet or gaskets) should not exceed 4100 × 1300 × 800 mm, weight - not more than 3000 kg;
• a stack formed from packages during storage should be no higher than 3.5 meters;
• when transporting transport packages in open railway and road vehicles, the packages must be protected from moisture;
• during loading and unloading, transport and storage and other works, strikes on the sheets are not allowed;
• GKL should be stored in a closed, dry room with a dry or normal humidity regime, separately by type and size.

Technical characteristics of drywall and features of this material

When you go to a building materials store, you can see plasterboard sheets of various brands and for various purposes. It is difficult for an inexperienced developer to navigate all this diversity. That is why it is necessary to know and understand the technical characteristics of drywall. From this article you will get the maximum information about the characteristics and properties of drywall sheets of all brands and purposes.

The device and features of the drywall sheet

If somewhere there is a repair, then we can say with confidence that drywall will certainly act as one of the building materials. It is very popular and in demand, as it is great for decorating apartments and houses. This material is inexpensive, completely harmless and non-flammable, it has good soundproofing properties. It can take away excess moisture from the air, and then easily give it away if the air dries up. It is pleasant and easy to work with drywall - it is not capricious and is simply processed.

Builders especially like the lightness of drywall sheets - this is a big plus during installation and transportation. When working with drywall, there is little waste, and removing debris is much faster. The use of drywall in construction is the so-called "dry construction".

Ease of use of the material

It is very convenient that a special tool is not needed at all for drywall - the minimum that is available in every home is enough. It is possible to create complex structures from this material due to its special properties. It is enough to wet the drywall sheet, and you can do whatever you want with it. For example, bend it in the form of an arch, build a niche or realize an intricate design project. After drying, the design will retain its shape. By the way, even surfaces are also excellent.

Thanks to the use of drywall, you can significantly reduce the time spent on finishing work. Take, for example, the manufacture of partitions. If you make it from traditional building materials (say, brick), you will have to spend three times as much time. And drywall does not cause allergic reactions, which is also a positive quality.

What are the disadvantages of drywall

Unfortunately, there are properties and characteristics of drywall that do not add to its advantages. So, this material cannot boast of strength and water resistance. In addition, it is difficult to attach anything to it. It is useless to make holes in a plasterboard wall with nails - only dowels with screws can hold a shelf or a picture on themselves. But still, it’s not worth hanging anything particularly heavy, as this can lead to the complete destruction of the wall.

Difficulty of wall mounting

Drywall sheet device

Nothing complicated - the design corresponds to the name. The core is made of gypsum with additives, and the outside is cardboard lining. It is firmly held by special glue. Depending on the areas of application, types of drywall with different properties are produced.

Types of drywall and their areas of application

Wall drywall (GKL)

Sheets can have a length of 2.3 or 2.5 m. The width of any of them is 1.2 m. This material is 12.5 mm thick, its color is gray. Marked on cardboard in blue. There are no special additives to the core, the material properties are standard.

Plasterboard ceiling

The length of the sheets can be 2 or 2.5 m, and the width is 1.2 m. The thickness is less than that of the wall material - it is 9.5 mm. Light gray cladding cardboard is also marked in blue. This type of plasterboard is used for ceiling cladding, as well as for the manufacture of niches, arches and multi-level ceiling structures. It is similar in properties to the previous type, differing from it only in thickness. Thanks to this, it is, by the way, the cheapest.

Moisture resistant drywall (GKLV)

Sheets 2.3 and 2.5 m long have a standard width of 1.2 m. The thickness is the same as that of the wall material (12.5 mm). The facing cardboard is green, its marking is blue. GKL data is used in rooms with excessive humidity, which they easily tolerate. You can improve this characteristic of moisture-resistant drywall if you additionally cover the walls with waterproofing material. Also in this capacity can serve as a paint, primer or a layer of tiles. In this material, both the core and the cardboard have a special composition, so they are not afraid of moisture. For this, antifungal impregnation and special additives are used.

Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO)

The length of its sheets can be 2, 3 and 2.5 m, and the usual width and thickness are 1.2 m and 12.5 mm. The facing cardboard has a light gray color, and all the markings on it are red. GKL data is used where fire safety requirements are high. For example, it can be a chimney or fireplace lining. Such drywall in the core has a large number of fibers and additives intended for reinforcement. This structure, reinforced by an outer cardboard lining, is difficult for fire to overcome. After all, it turns out, as it were, a double frame.

Note that the durable cardboard used in any plasterboard does not burn and does not contribute to combustion. The maximum is that it is charred. But the core is able to resist fire only in a fire-resistant type of drywall. In a fire, it does not collapse and retains its shape.

Moisture-resistant drywall (GKLVO)

Combines the properties of moisture-resistant and fire-resistant gypsum boards.

Drywall arched (flexible)

Its light gray sheets have only one length - 3 m. The width, as usual, is 1.2 m. But the thickness of the material is small - only 6.5 mm, so it is mainly mounted in two layers. Various curved products with different bending radii are made from arched drywall. They can be bent so easily thanks to the fiberglass threads that strengthen the core. However, due to this, the price of sheets is quite high. And the fact that they have to be put in a double layer, further increases the cost.

GKL categories

There are two quality categories for rectangular drywall sheets - "A" and "B". The latter of them allows some errors in geometric dimensions. In this case, the equipment is used of the old model. However, the bulk of manufacturers produce drywall only "A" category, so they do not consider it necessary to indicate this in the specifications. But you need to know about it.

Types of GKL edges

The standard width of the sheets is 1.2 m. They are made in accordance with GOST 6266-97: inside two layers of durable cardboard there is a hardened mass of gypsum with special additives for reinforcement. Lateral, longitudinal sides of the sheet are wrapped in cardboard.

There are several types of edges used in the production of drywall. This is done for more convenient processing of joints between sheets. It is worth remembering that all the ends of the GKL are always only rectangular. If there is a need to dock precisely these sides (short), then they need to be chamfered by about a third.

PC (straight edge) is used when joints do not need to be sealed.

UK (edge ​​with thinning) is needed if reinforcing tape and putty are used for embedding.

PLC (front semicircular edge) is used when working with putty and the absence of reinforcing tape.

PLUK (front semicircular edge with thinning) can be used when working with putty and reinforcing tape, and without this tape.

ZK (rounded edge) is used if the joints are to be sealed with plaster.

Flexural strength

This characteristic is determined by the minimum load at which the drywall sheet can collapse. The calculation is carried out in kilograms. For verification, a sample 40 cm wide is taken and tested on supports, the distance between which is 40 times greater than the thickness of the sheet.

• The minimum load for a drywall sheet is 10 mm thick. is 15 kg.
• The minimum load for a drywall sheet with a thickness of 11 - 18 mm. is 18 kg.

Flammability of drywall

Drywall is not a combustible material, moreover, it can withstand fire for a long time. As a matter of fact, any gypsum-containing materials can boast of such qualities.

• GOST 30244 defines combustibility - it is in G1 drywall;
• GOST 30402 defines flammability, for drywall it is B2;
• GOST 12.1.044 determines the ability to form smoke, according to this indicator, drywall belongs to the group - D1;
• GOST 12.1.044 defines toxicity, drywall belongs to the group - T1.

In the event of a fire, the characteristics of fire-resistant drywall allow it to resist fire steadfastly. Gypsum itself cannot burn, and after the destruction of the cardboard, the core simply crumbles. To increase fire resistance, partitions are made of two sheets of drywall. So the cardboard located between two sheets is able to withstand fire for a longer time.

The ratio of drywall to low temperatures

All negative temperatures that are possible in nature, gypsum boards withstand perfectly. There is neither destruction nor fatal change physical properties. As soon as the temperature rises, the leaf is completely restored. GKL feel best at room temperature - after all, they were created for interior work.

Water absorption and softening factor

For grades of drywall with moisture resistance (including those that, in addition, are fire resistant), moisture absorption of no more than 10 percent is permissible. Drywall also has another important parameter - the softening coefficient Kp, which is calculated by dividing the tensile strength in a state saturated with water (Rn) by the tensile strength in dry form (Rc).

If we talk about sheets of ordinary drywall, then their strength with strong moisture is significantly reduced. There are a lot of such materials sold, and they all have a small softening coefficient of about 0.8. But the GCR has a slightly different value of this parameter - 0.45. This means that after wetting, the strength of this material will greatly decrease.

Thermal conductivity of drywall

To begin with, it should be noted that drywall retains heat quite well. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of drywall is from 0.22 to 0.35 W / (m × K). This is not bad - after all, when carrying out repairs, you can immediately make the walls smooth and somewhat improve their thermal insulation. It should be noted that this method of thermal insulation of walls is inexpensive, fast and effective. And if you make a gap of 3 to 10 mm, then an additional air layer will appear, helping to save heat even better.

To achieve a good result in terms of thermal conductivity, various heaters are placed in the cavity between the insulated wall and drywall. This could be, for example, mineral wool or ordinary foam. The further we move the drywall slab away from the wall, the thicker we can make an additional heat-insulating layer.

About the loads that drywall can withstand

If we want to hang a shelf or cabinet on a plasterboard wall, we must remember that the load should not exceed 30 kg per square meter.

How much does one square meter of material weigh

Sheets such as GKLV and GKL weigh no more than 1 s (kilograms per square meter). Fire-resistant sheets - not less than 0.8 and not more than 1.06 s (kilograms per square meter).

About sheet thickness

Drywall, which is sold in stores and on the market, can most often be 6, 9, 12 mm thick. The thinnest GKL, having a thickness of 6 mm, are used for the "wet method" - they are used to make complex curvilinear products (arches, design structures, niches). A thickness of 9 mm is well suited for bending sheets in a “dry way” and creating the same arches - experienced craftsmen usually do this. Ceilings are also made from nine-millimeter plasterboards in order to reduce the weight of the structure. The thickest sheets are used for wall cladding and creating partitions. Other sizes are extremely rare on sale, and therefore, as a rule, they are not of interest to the average buyer.

Symbols for drywall sheets

You can decipher what is written on the sheet, having learned the characteristics of drywall, as follows:

• Letter designation of sheet type;
• information about which group the sheet belongs to;
• length, width and thickness in millimeters;

For example, let's take a plasterboard sheet of group "A" from the company KNAUF. Its length is 2500 mm, the width is standard, the edge is semicircular, the thickness is 9 mm.

On the sheet you can see the following markings:

GKL - A - PC - 9 × 1200 × 2500 GOST 6266-97.
or
GKL - PC - 9 × 1200 × 2500 GOST 6266-97.

Technical characteristics of drywall: a description of the features of the material

There are plasterboard sheets of various parameters on the market. It is necessary to know their properties, which play a decisive role in the selection. For example, using ordinary drywall when finishing a warehouse for flammable substances, we risk, after the first fire, getting significant damage inside the room. And all because we did not know what characteristics drywall has. How to recognize fire-resistant drywall and much more, read our article.

What is this article about

A few words about gypsum

Drywall is one of the most popular materials for interior decoration. Arches, columns, ceilings and other things are made from it. It is highly demanded in the market due to its low cost, ease of processing, harmlessness and soundproofing properties.

Plus, it is very dense, durable, lightweight, which facilitates transportation and installation, despite the dimensions. After work, there is a minimum of waste.

Ease of use

To work with drywall, you can get by with the tools that are in every home. The special property of drywall is that once wet, it flexes as the builder desires, and will remain that way when it dries.

It is convenient to make partitions from drywall of any size - it takes many times less time than if we did it from foam blocks or bricks. In addition, drywall is hypoallergenic.

disadvantages

The material is thin, not waterproof, and besides, drywall, unlike gypsum fiber, has low strength - if you hang something heavy, you can bring down the entire wall.

Device

Inside - gypsum with additives, outside - cardboard lining, attached with special glue. Depending on the properties of drywall, the dimensions may differ from the standard.

Drywall weight and mass. We wondered - "how much does a sheet of drywall weigh"? Drywall weight is not more than 1 s (kilograms per square meter). Fireproof drywall sheets - not drywall is not so important, in the end it can be cut as you like, the main thing is the thickness. It comes in different profiles - 6, 9, 12 mm, it does not depend on the place where we buy GKL - on the market or in a specialized store. GKL 6 mm is used for bending sheets in a “wet way” - creating products with bends (designer fantasies, niches, arches). GKL 9 mm is usually used for the ceiling, and is also used for bending sheets in a "dry way". Of them are made beautiful ceilings to reduce the weight of the structure. The thickest ones are used by builders to create partitions and wall cladding. They also create racks and columns, the height of which will indicate the status of the owner. There is little demand for other sizes, non-standard GKL are rarely of interest to the buyer.

Classification by area of ​​application

Depending on the scope and properties, there are:

Drywall for walls

The size of the drywall sheet has a length of 2.3 or 2.5 m. Width - 1.2 m. Drywall thickness - 12.5 mm, gray lining. Blue marking.

Plasterboard for ceiling

It is used for sheathing ceilings, creating arches, niches, two-level ceilings. The size of the drywall sheet differs from the previous one only by the thickness of the drywall - it is 9.5 mm (which is why it costs less than the previous type).

Don't try to use drywall for walls to ceiling. Under its weight, it will sag and have to redo everything.

Moisture resistant drywall

Used for finishing rooms with high humidity. It has standard dimensions of a drywall sheet, the thickness of drywall is standard, the marking is blue, but the color of the sheet is different - it is green. If you cover it with more waterproofing material, the service life of drywall will increase. The dimensions of the drywall guides depend on the area of ​​​​application.

Fire resistant drywall

This gypsum-fiber material is used for high fire safety requirements, increased flammability. The size of drywall is almost standard, only it differs in length - up to 2, 3, 2.5 m. The color is gray, the marking is red. The property of incombustibility, like all products like drywall, is present due to the gypsum fiber composition from additional additives. This effect is given by the gypsum-fiber added material, which is difficult to get to the fire.

By the way, the cardboard of any drywall and drywall, regardless of size, does not burn, but only chars. But only in this type, the core after the fire remains in its original form.

Flexible Arched Drywall

The size of drywall has a length of 3 m, standard width, the highlight is the thickness - only 6.5 mm. Sheets are grey. This type of drywall is used to create flexible forms, it has the smallest thickness among all types of drywall, so it can bend to smaller radii. The greatest bending is achieved by piercing the surface with a needle roller and further wetting the surface. With this treatment, water penetrates the inside of the sheet, the wetted gypsum soaks and bends perfectly.

Resistance to external influences

Flexural strength. The maximum load (in kg) that drywall cannot withstand determines its strength. If the size of a drywall sheet with a thickness of 10 mm, then the sheet must withstand 15 kg, if the standard size of drywall with a thickness of 11 - 18 mm is 18 kg.

combustibility drywall. Drywall is not combustible, resists fire for a long time. But if the flame reaches the core, it crumbles (with the exception of fire-resistant sheets).

Regarding GOSTs, they are:

1. flammability - G1;
2. flammability - B2;
3. the ability to form smoke - D1;
4. toxicity - T1.

Frost resistance. Low temperature does not affect the GKL, especially without bringing damage to it. But the material is designed for interior work, so room temperature- the perfect environment!

Water absorption and softening factor. Moisture resistant GKL can absorb no more than 10% of the liquid. The softening coefficient (Kp) is calculated by dividing the water-saturated strength (Rn) by the dry strength (Rc). The strength of ordinary GKL sheets when interacting with moisture is significantly reduced. Their softening coefficient is approximately 0.45. This indicates a low strength of materials after wetting and a short service life after that. For waterproof materials, the coefficient is 0.8.

An interesting video "Drywall Crash Test":

Thermal conductivity. The size of the drywall sheet, which perfectly retains heat, making it frost-resistant. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of drywall is from 0.22 to 0.35 W / (m × K). This means that GKL is great for improving thermal insulation. It is fast, inexpensive and, most importantly, effective. By the way, make a gap of 3-10 mm, you will create another air layer, which will retain heat.

One of the options for improving thermal conductivity is to add insulation to the cavity between the wall that we are insulating and the drywall sheet. Such heaters can be mineral wool or polystyrene. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer is always a compromise - the thicker it is, the warmer it is, but the smaller the living area of ​​the rooms.

GKL. Do you want to hang a shelf on a drywall wall? The load should not exceed 30 kg per square meter, along with the shelf, otherwise you will simply destroy the gypsum board wall. You need to fasten it with screws, forget about nails!

Edge types

Marking

To find out the characteristics and groups of thin drywall that are of interest to us, you need to know and be able to decipher the conditions indicated on the sheet.

1. Letter designation of sheet type (A or B);
2. information about the group to which the drywall sheet belongs;
3. information about the longitudinal edge;
4. dimensions of drywall sheets in millimeters;
5. manufacturing standard - GOST 6266-97.

Here, for example, the size of Knauf drywall "A". Its length is 2500 mm, the width is standard, the edge is semicircular, the thickness of drywall is 9 mm. These are the dimensions of the Knauf GKL. As you can see, the gypsum board standard sheet size applies to Knauf.

Main characteristics of drywall sheet

Drywall is a modern material for interior decoration, which is today at the peak of its popularity. The combination of great opportunities and affordable prices make gypsum boards (gypsum boards) an indispensable material for leveling walls, erecting interior partitions, decorating door and window slopes, creating suspended ceilings, curved surfaces and structures of various shapes. Consider the technical characteristics that a quality drywall sheet should have in accordance with the requirements of GOST, and find out which types of material should be preferred for use in certain conditions.

Gypsum plasterboard is a rectangular product consisting of pressed gypsum grade G4 (GOST 125-79), enclosed on both sides in a thin layer of durable cardboard. In addition to gypsum and cellulose, in the production of gypsum boards, it is possible to use various adhesives and foaming agents for the gypsum component. The perfectly flat surface and strength of drywall allow it to act simultaneously as a reinforcing frame and a basis for finishing.

70% of drywall presented on the Russian market is produced under the Knauf brand (Knauf). Knauf plasterboard products comply with Russian standards GOST 6266-97 and GOST 32614-2012, as well as the German standard DIN 18 180.

GKL classification

The technical characteristics of drywall sheets depend on which variety they belong to. According to GOST 6266-97, the following types of drywall are distinguished:

• ordinary - abbreviated GKL;
• moisture resistant - GKLV;
• drywall with increased fire resistance - GKLO;
• a material that combines the properties of a moisture-resistant material and increased resistance to open fire - GKLVO.

In 2012, a new interstate standard was adopted, developed in collaboration with Knauf. In GOST 32614-2012, put into effect on the territory of Russia since 2015, drywall is called gypsum building boards. According to the new GOST, the material is divided into 8 types:

• A - drywall, corresponding to the standard GKL;
• H - moisture resistant gypsum boards;
• F - fire-resistant boards;
• D - plates having a given density, which depends on the operating conditions;
• I - material with increased hardness;
• E - facade slabs with low water absorption and minimal vapor permeability;
• P - products intended for subsequent application of gypsum plaster or tile laying;
• R is a material with increased bending strength in any direction.

Standard drywall

Standard or ordinary GKL (GSP-A according to the new GOST), which is also called construction or basic, is used more often than other types for finishing apartments. With its help, walls are leveled, ceiling and wall frames made of metal and wood are sheathed. It has a light gray surface, the use is possible only in rooms with normal humidity. Standard drywall.

Moisture resistant GKL

Moisture-resistant drywall GKLV (according to the new standard - GSP-H2) is used in rooms with medium and high humidity. The resistance of the material to moisture is achieved by adding modifiers to gypsum that reduce its absorbency, as well as antifungal compounds. The moisture-resistant appearance of drywall is easily recognizable due to the green color of the surface. The scope of the moisture-resistant material is wider than that of the base GKL and includes such premises as a kitchen, a bathroom, a heated loggia, and an insulated balcony. GKLV can be used for the manufacture of slopes, subject to the use of high-quality waterproofing, even wall decoration in the shower room is possible.

Moisture-resistant material absorbs no more than 10% moisture compared to conventional GCR.

Fireproof drywall

GKLO differs from other types of drywall in the presence of special additives in the gypsum core that provide resistance to high temperatures and prevent the spread of smoke and fire during a fire. At Knauf, high-density fire-resistant material is designated GSP-DF.

According to GOST, the resistance of GKLO and GKLVO products to open fire must be at least 20 minutes.

The technical characteristics of this type of GKL create a separate area of ​​​​application: sheathing of cable and ventilation ducts, steel and wooden structures that need fire protection. The cardboard layer of a fire-resistant sheet usually has a light pink tint; the marking, as required by GOST, must be red. For finishing wet rooms, drywall is used, designated by the letters GKLVO (GSP-DFH2 according to the new standard), which combines the properties of a fire and moisture resistant material.

The most fire-resistant drywall is Knauf Fireboard, which has additional fiberglass reinforcement.

Designer drywall

GKLD - design, flexible or arched drywall, which is not mentioned in GOST 6266-97. Designed to create structures of complex curved shapes: arches, decorative elements of a false ceiling. A small thickness (6-6.5 mm) and reinforcement with fiberglass reinforcing mesh allow this material to be bent without wetting.

High strength drywall

The use of reinforced drywall is advisable for heavy loads on the wall, if it is necessary to fasten a heavy object. An example of such a material is Diamant drywall from Knauf. This manufacturer also manufactures products of large thickness (18, 20, 25 mm) called high-strength or massive plates. Such material can also be fire and moisture resistant.

Product parameters

The main technical characteristics of drywall are regulated by the GOST 6266-97 standard.

The size

The size of the drywall sheet can be different:

• The standard lengths of the product are 2, 2.5 and 3 m. There are manufacturers producing sheets having a length of 1.5 to 3.6 m.
• The sheet width is usually 1.2 m, although recently small-format products with a width of 0.6 m have appeared on sale, providing more convenient transportation.
• The thickness of the sheet can be from 6 to 12.5 mm. If we are talking about reinforced plates, then we can talk about a greater thickness, reaching 25 mm. Sheets with a minimum thickness are intended for the manufacture of bent structures. Drywall 9 mm thick is used for the ceiling, 12.5 mm for walls.

The most popular Knauf plasterboard format is 250 x 120 cm.

Tip: Although 9mm drywall is suitable for the ceiling, experienced craftsmen recommend using standard 12.5mm thick wall material for the ceiling surface, which provides better fastening of self-tapping screws and recessed fixtures.

The weight of GKL and GKLV sheets from Knauf does not exceed 1 kg per square meter. m., fire-resistant boards have everything from 0.8 to 1.06 kg per sq. m. If the mass of the sheet is higher than indicated, most likely, there has been a violation of the conditions of transportation and storage of the material, due to which it has been saturated with moisture.

GKL "Knauf": specifications, dimensions

Not so long ago, very few people knew about drywall. When repairing the premises, they used plasters and gypsum, which made it possible to decorate them with greater expressiveness. Nowadays, architects and designers are surprised at how, in general, specialists could do the finishing without using (GKL) drywall sheets. After all, it is this material that helps to realize the most daring projects and bizarre fantasies.

With the help of drywall, it is possible to install multi-level ceilings with lighting, also called labyrinth-shaped. You can create niches in the walls of any shape and size. With the invention of drywall, it became possible to create countless unique interior compositions.

The structure of drywall sheets

Knauf drywall ("Knauf") is very popular. Gypsum board GKL (normal view) is produced in the form of sheets. The basis of the drywall sheet is gypsum, which is located between two sheets of cardboard.

To give gypsum boards certain properties, various substances are added to the middle part to improve its strength, moisture resistance and other properties.

The color of the GKL sheets and the markings of their reverse side

Color marking on the back

Green or blue

gray or red

On sale there are drywall sheets with the same properties and characteristics, but at the same time different colors. This must be borne in mind when buying GKL. There are no strict marking standards, which creates certain difficulties for the buyer when choosing the right material. When choosing drywall, you should not focus only on the color of the Knauf plasterboard sheets. The technical characteristics of the purchased goods must be decisive.

Types of drywall

Drywall is available in four types - depending on its properties and application:

• Normal.
• Moisture resistant.
• Fire resistant.
• Waterproof and flame retardant.

Technical characteristics of drywall - GKL "Knauf"

Drywall is used for suspended ceilings, cladding and creating niches in walls, it is used to create partitions between rooms with humidity within the normal range.

Typically, drywall is used as a frame for the subsequent application of various finishing materials to it - paint, tiles, wallpaper, etc. The result is a fairly solid and flexible base.

Cardboard, which is glued on both sides of the core of the gypsum board, has a flat surface and high density. It serves for finishing, because it is hard and flexible, and also has the property of "breathing", that is, the material absorbs excess moisture, and when the air becomes drier, it gives it back.

Thanks to this ability, in rooms where drywall is used, it is much easier to breathe. In addition, drywall has the same acidity as human skin. As a result, a microclimate favorable for humans is naturally created in the room.

Fire resistance of drywall sheets

Special processing of the only combustible material of GKL - cardboard - makes this material non-combustible as a whole. Under the influence of open fire, drywall sheets only char, and the moisture contained in the depth of the sheet prevents the flame from moving.

GKL "Knauf" (plasterboard sheet ordinary 1 and other types) is an environmentally friendly building material, since it does not have any negative impact on the surrounding objects, which is confirmed in quality certificates. In addition, GKL is also an excellent soundproofing material.

The use of drywall

In addition to interior decoration, flat sheets of drywall are widely used to level wall irregularities, which is why dry plaster is also called dry plaster. When working with gypsum boards, water-related processes are excluded, which facilitates work and reduces its cost, making gypsum board even more attractive for both professionals and beginners in the field of construction and repair.

The lack of debris also makes drywall work much easier. Not to mention the fact that the finishing work carried out with the use of this material can significantly save money and time. In our country, the GKL "Knauf" is most often used, the technical characteristics of which favorably distinguish it from a number of similar ones from other manufacturers.

In addition to GKL (standard gypsum boards), water-resistant and fire-resistant sheets are produced. Moisture resistant plasterboard sheets are mainly used in bathrooms and kitchens. When finishing communication shafts and air ducts, fire-resistant Knauf GCRs are used, the technical characteristics of which easily allow this.

In the manufacture of drywall, calcined gypsum is also specially used, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain tongue-and-groove plates. They are highly durable and therefore often used in the construction of interior partitions. Such plates do not require any preliminary preparation before finishing. Partitions are made one-, two- and three-layer. Particularly relevant tongue-and-groove slabs in areas with unstable seismic conditions. In the cavities inside such plates, cables, dust removal systems, heating or plumbing communication systems are laid.

Creating Rounded Shapes

An important property of drywall is its ability to take a rounded shape, which makes it a wide area of ​​application. The desired shape is obtained quite simply: you need to moisten the gypsum board, wait until it is properly moistened, and then bend it as needed in a particular case. After that, the drywall is dried. It is noteworthy that after hardening, the technical characteristics of the Knauf sheets completely return to their original ones.

Types of drywall sheets

There are ceiling, wall and arched drywall. The fact that the sheets of this material are flat makes it easy to correct uneven walls or ceilings. At the same time, there is no need for further plastering of surfaces.

The geometric dimensions of the GKL "Knauf" are very diverse. Length - from 2000 cm to 4000 cm (in increments of 50) and width - from 600 cm to 1200 cm. destination of the material.

The standard size of a drywall sheet is 2500 by 1200 cm. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bsuch a sheet is equal to three square meters. They are as follows in thickness:

• GKL wall - 12.5 mm;
• GKL ceiling - 9.5 mm;
• GKL arched - 6.5 mm.

The walls are trimmed with wall plasterboard sheets, partitions are arranged from them. Ceiling is used to create ceilings, and with the help of arched create exquisite interior arches and various curvilinear openings.

Quantity required material calculated in advance, given that when finishing it is desirable to use whole sheets.

In addition to creating conventional, suspended and multi-level ceilings mounted on various frames, the GKL sheet produced by Knauf ("Knauf") is used in the construction of the underlying floor layer.

Another important property of GKL is its ability to easily bend and retain its shape. Due to this, drywall is widely used in the creation of decorative elements, turning from rectangular sheets into domes, columns or vaults. Designers have the opportunity to turn the most daring fantasies into reality.

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are another type of Knauf GKL, the technical characteristics of which indicate the highest resistance to fire. It does not use cardboard, and the core of the sheet is lined with fluffy waste paper. Fire resistance is also given by additional additives that impregnate the material.

Working with drywall

Gypsum boards are easily cut with a regular knife (preferably sharp) and are perfectly sawn, in addition to being perfectly bent. With the help of special tools, you can cut parts of any size and shape, as well as make the necessary holes in them. The fact that marking and cutting holes, for example, for sockets and switches, is possible outside the installation site, can significantly reduce the time of work performed.

If we compare the plasterboard finish with the plaster and putty finish, it is obvious that in the first case, the work is done twice as fast. With high quality, labor costs are reduced by a factor of three in the manufacture of interior partitions if Knauf drywall is used. Plasterboard Knauf sheets GKL are mounted using related materials, such as screws of various sizes, gypsum glue, sealing tapes, and so on.