7.3 Improvement process The improvement process is the process of establishing, evaluating, measuring, controlling and improving any software life cycle process. List of activities. This process consists of the following works: 1. creating a process; 2. grade

7.4 Learning process The learning process is the process of providing initial and continuing training to personnel. Order, delivery, development, operation and maintenance of software products largely depend on the qualifications of the staff.

8.1 Documentation process 8.1.1 General The documentation process should be carried out in two steps in the sequence shown in Figure 1 in the shaded boxes. Phased activities are not performed simultaneously. At certain stages of work,

C.6 Supply schedule At the end of the project, the following items are to be supplied: a) 500 bound copies of the manual;

7.4 Integration process The object computer, source code, and object code resulting from the software coding process is used in link editing and downloading to create an integrated

8 Software verification process Software verification provides technical evaluation of all software development tools, including the results of software verification. Software verification is performed in accordance with the Software Verification Plan (12.3) and the Software Qualification Testing Plan (12.4), which

6 Software planning process 6.1 Goals of the software planning process system requirements and ensure the level of quality that meets the requirements

7.2 Software design process The high-level software requirements are further refined in the software design process in one or more iterations to develop a software architecture and lower-level requirements that can be directly used to derive

7.3 Software coding process In the software coding process, source code is created based on the software architecture and low-level requirements. The developer must develop and register the software source code corresponding to each software module in the EKPO project. The software implementation must

Deliveries of Il-76 to China are delayed

Deliveries of Su-30MK2 to Indonesia completed This fall, the contract for the supply of six Su-30MK2 two-seat multirole fighters to Indonesia was successfully completed. It was concluded by Rosoboronexport with the Ministry of Defense of Indonesia in December 2011. The Contractor

When shipping goods from a warehouse, in order to preserve the quantity and quality of the supplied products, create conditions for timely and correct acceptance of its quality, manufacturing enterprises (senders) are required to ensure:

Strict observance of the established rules for packing and packing products, marking and sealing individual places;

Accurate determination of the quantity of shipped products (weight, number of places-boxes, bags, bundles, bales, packs, etc.);

Shipment (delivery) of products that meet the quality and completeness requirements established by standards, specifications, drawings, recipes, samples (standards);

When shipping products in packed or packaged places - an investment in each container provided by the standards, technical conditions, special delivery conditions, other mandatory rules or contract of a document (packing label, bale card, etc.) indicating the name and quantity of products, located in this container place;

clear and correct design documents certifying the quality and completeness of the supplied products (technical passport, certificate, certificate of quality, etc.), shipping and settlement documents, the compliance of the data on the quality and completeness of the products indicated in them with its actual quality and completeness;

Accurate and clear execution of shipping and settlement documents, compliance of the data on the quantity of products indicated in them with the actually shipped quantity, timely sending of these documents to the recipient in the prescribed manner;

Timely sending of documents certifying the quality and completeness of products to the recipient - these documents are sent along with the products, unless otherwise provided by the main and special terms of delivery, other rules binding on the parties or the contract;

Strict observance of the rules for the delivery of goods for transportation, their loading and fastening, as well as special rules for loading established by standards and specifications;

Systematic monitoring of the work of persons involved in determining the quantity of shipped products and processing shipping and settlement documents for it,

Products that have not passed the quality check in accordance with the established procedure, as well as products, the shipment of which was prohibited by the bodies exercising control over the quality of products, and other authorized bodies, should not be supplied.

In cases provided for by standards, technical conditions, other rules binding on the parties and the contract, the manufacturer (sender) is obliged, when shipping (delivering) products in packed or packaged places, to enclose in each container a document certifying the name and quality of the products located in this container place.

The sender is obliged to draw up a detailed packing list for each item, which indicates the list of packed goods, their catalog number or article number, quantity, item number, gross and net weight, name of the supplier and recipient.

One copy of the packing list in a waterproof envelope is enclosed in a box or box along with the goods. The second copy in a waterproof envelope, covered with a tin or plastic plate, is attached to the outer wall of the box or box. The third copy is attached to the accompanying documents.

Boxes or boxes are numbered with fractional numbers, and the numerator will mean the ordinal number of the box, and the denominator will be the total number of places in the party.

The seller is liable to the buyer for damage to the goods due to poor quality or improper packaging, as well as for losses associated with sending goods to the wrong address due to defective or incorrect labeling.

Based on the pick list and packing lists, a shipping specification is printed and attached to the invoice.

Packages are subject to marking in accordance with the requirements of standards and specifications.

Shipment of goods from the warehouse includes the following operations:

Processing orders for the availability of goods in stock;

Selection of goods from the place of storage;

Moving goods to the order picking area;

Picking of orders and packaging of goods - packing in containers, formation of packages;

Registration of packing lists, laying them in packages and fastening them on packages;

Closing packages, wrapping them with metal or plastic tape;

Marking of packages;

Formation of cargo modules - packaging of packages on pallets;

Moving cargo modules to the loading area;

Issuing a bill of lading.

The task of the warehouse is to organize effective activities. Efficiency criteria - complete or almost complete satisfaction of orders according to the nomenclature, ensuring urgent shipments within a day outside the region, within half a day - within the region. Non-urgent shipments - within a period of not more than 3 days.

It is more convenient for suppliers to receive large orders with long delivery lines and regularly. It is more convenient for customers not to have stocks and receive goods at a specific need immediately. These conflicting aspirations are reconciled by establishing high discounts for large orders with monthly and weekly delivery times and noticeably smaller discounts for urgent orders. To ensure uniform loading of the warehouse staff, applications are divided into two types: applications that should not be small (non-urgent) and applications that should not be large (urgent).

Urgent orders are accepted until 11 or 12 o'clock with delivery on the same day. Incoming orders are immediately processed according to availability in the warehouse, completed and packaged. Shipment for urgent (and along with them, if ready, for non-urgent) applications, as a rule, is carried out in the afternoon using the vehicles of carriers or recipients.

Applications received after 11-12 hours are processed the next day. Large warehouses practice round-the-clock acceptance of urgent orders, but the shipment time is also fixed: for orders received before 11 o'clock on any day, the order is executed on the same day, for those received after this hour - the next. At the same time, in both cases, the discount remains in the amount established for urgent applications. For more convenient planning of shipments, the practice of developed countries can be adopted. The terms of shipments for non-urgent contracts and orders are set in the form of an indication of the ordinal number of the week during which the goods will be shipped by the supplier. For example, if the contract or order confirmation mentions that the shipment date is the 14th week, this means that the goods will be shipped exactly in the first week of April, on one of the five business days Abroad they even issue business calendars with week numbering.

Pickers or other warehouse employees receive a picking list (route map) and select goods from storage locations. The picking list must be printed in such a way that the list of goods is compiled not in alphabetical order, but in ascending order of storage addresses. This greatly speeds up the selection of goods. In the case of mechanized picking in large warehouses, the cargo, packaged on a pallet, is removed by a stacker from the place of laying and moves to the picking area for consignments of goods.

Manual picking on holiday a small amount goods are stacked on hand trucks, which deliver the goods to the picking area.

In very large warehouses, the technology of selecting goods in the warehouse without using a picking list is used. The selector uses a laptop-type computer terminal. Data exchange between the terminal and the server can be organized either via floppy disks or via radio channels. Information exchange via radio channels is more efficient and is used in systems with a high number of emergency orders. The server can interrupt the process of selecting goods for current orders and require the execution of a priority order.

The use of portable terminals allows inventory taking without stopping the warehouse. If the picker has finished picking goods and he has free time, then the terminal displays a task - to carry out an inventory of goods in a certain cell of the rack in the aisle closest to the picker. The use of portable terminals allows you to organize the accounting of the work of each selector in terms of labor productivity, quality of work, use of working time, etc.

After the selection of goods and clarification of possible problems (for example, a shortage of goods requiring adjustment of shipping documents), a batch of goods is packaged.

Interaction of participants in the shipment process

From the moment the contract for the supply of goods is concluded, the logistics service should perform a whole range of operations to organize the future shipment of these goods from the warehouse for specific specified orders.

The complex of operations includes the work of:

- with the sales department;

- with buyers;

- with carriers;

- with storage, control and packaging services;

- with an expedition;

- with the cargo service.

Services involved in the download

Working with the sales service is to develop a procedure for processing customer orders, forms and deadlines for submitting orders. The sales service should include information on the regulations, forms and deadlines for the provision of orders in contracts for the supply of goods. The logistics service must arrange for the transfer without delays and errors to the sales service on the day the shipments are completed:

— information about the consignments of goods that have been handed over to carriers,

- physical parameters, dimensions, weight, volume, type of container and packaging, etc. for sending notices of shipment to customers;

- a set of shipping documents for invoicing.

Work with buyers - at the pre-contract stage and after the conclusion of contracts, the logistics service must coordinate and clarify shipping instructions with buyers.

Work with carriers consists in agreeing on the place, time and method of loading consignments of goods, as well as the procedure for the delivery of goods in terms of the number of places and weight, the composition of the handing over and receiving commissions, the forms of documents signed upon delivery and acceptance, the procedure for presenting claims, escorting goods.

The organization of cargo escort includes the following mandatory points:

- reservation of space for temporary placement of cargo in anticipation of loading;

— planning of technical facilities and labor force for loading;

– organizing, if appropriate, transportation by own transport or using the services of partner carriers;

— control of the actual terms of loading and departure of consignments of goods;

- control of the passage of goods along the delivery route - through known points along the route, points of transshipment to other modes of transport, border checkpoints and customs;

– control of receipt of originals of all necessary transport documents.

Working with the storage service consists in developing processes for selecting and picking goods, monitoring execution and adjusting the selection technology.

Working with the quality and quantity control service for shipped products consists in developing control instructions, sequence of operations, preparation of documentation, and procedures for detecting deviations.

Working with the packaging service consists in agreeing on methods for choosing manufacturers of packaging and containers, methods for organizing packaging processes during shipments.

Working with the cargo service is to develop work schedules, repairs of equipment, to agree on the necessary technology for moving trucks upon arrival for loading, the composition of work teams for loading shipments and for moving goods.

Shipment process design

Ensuring shipment

Shipment of goods in full compliance with contracts in terms of quantity, quality and completeness is a responsible procedure, the careless execution of which leads to shortages, damage, incompleteness or a decrease in the quality of goods. As a result of the discovery of deficiencies, recipients present claims and arbitration claims to suppliers. Therefore, the organization of the shipment of ordered goods, like any logistics operation, must be carefully designed.

Shipment assurance elements:

- a set of optimally required areas for picking, packaging, loading goods;

- a set of optimally necessary office equipment, machines and equipment for picking, packaging, loading goods, instruments and equipment for quality control of goods;

– terms of contracts: type of container and packaging, standard quantities in one package, cargo modules, coordination of modes of transportation and carriers, information on shipments, etc.;

— cargo handling technology;

- technological instructions for the processes of selection, assembly, packaging and loading of various goods;

— structure and algorithms of business processes for shipment management;

- Methods for checking the quality of goods;

- computer programs;

— job descriptions, qualification requirements for specialists involved in the shipment;

- forms of documents received as a result of shipment;

- provisions on the units involved in the shipment;

- management: orders, instructions, regulations, instructions, control of execution, rewards, punishments;

- planning: sales plans, cargo turnover plans, work plans, work schedules, vacations, shifts.

In practice, there are options for processing shipped goods:

– shipment of goods under contracts with long delivery times established by contracts;

– Shipment of goods on a “just in time” basis according to the approved schedules;

- urgent shipments for urgent orders;

- shipments within the enterprise.

The most difficult in the organization - urgent shipments. Scheduled shipments and regular just-in-time shipments optimize the use of machinery and manpower.

Computer system requirements

With the help of a computer system it is necessary:

- automate all business processes of the enterprise on the basis of a single system, while avoiding the need to install disparate programs;

– build a system of integrated enterprise management, ranging from sales management, customer order processing, warehouse operations, cargo operations and ending with planning and analysis financial results activities of all departments of the enterprise;

- to unite the geographically distributed divisions of the enterprise into a single information structure;

The product shipment system of the Chelyabinsk Forging and Pressing Plant is undergoing an update. Via modern technologies and equipment, OIT specialists together with OZiOGP, sales departments, accounting departments, shop services make the system simpler and more transparent, reduce time and material resources, reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the attractiveness of ChKPZ products for customers. Told us about it Head of Department information technologies Konstantin Sinelnik.

What you Now you are doing shipment, is it planned work or did you need urgent intervention? What specifically needs improvement?

The issue of optimizing the shipment of finished products at our enterprise has been ripe for a very long time. I will not be afraid to say that the shipping process was unpredictable and incomprehensible to everyone, both to the participants in the process from the plant and to consumers. The main task was set: to radically reduce the time spent by both the employees of the enterprise and the drivers who come for the products. It was necessary to optimize the entire chain of processes, from packaging finished products before the departure of the already loaded customer's car from the territory of the plant and the delivery of documents to the accounting department. The ICU would certainly not have been able to solve this problem on its own. We decided everything together: ICU, OZiOGP, sales departments, accounting, workshops. Each division offered its own ways to optimize the shipping process. With the help of colleagues from OZiOGP and accounting, bottlenecks were identified that needed to be eliminated. When implementing the process, mutual assistance and understanding of the problems and needs of each other of different departments was of great importance. It can be said that the whole world has built and implemented a new process for the shipment of finished products.

- What are the improvements?

Firstly, many processes have moved from the material world to the electronic one, this mainly concerns the execution of various documentation. Now many documents exist only in electronic form, for example, this is an order for shipment and an application for a pass. The running around of managers of sales departments by instances (sales, warehouse, accounting, delivery site) has become much less. The document flow process itself has become simpler and more transparent. Duplication of information at each stage is excluded. All processes are optimized and described. It has become easier with the packaging of products and their delivery to the warehouse. This procedure has been significantly reduced in time and simplified. Now, when packing products, pallet data is entered into 1C, after which they are promptly available to all participants in the process and are guaranteed to be protected from information distortion. The pallet is marked with a barcode. This guarantees the error-free movement of finished products to the warehouse and during shipment.

- What effect will all these measures give?

First of all, it saves time for both our employees and drivers who come for finished products. Already now we can say: the average time that a driver spends during shipment to ChKPZ, according to the old process, was 3.7 hours, and now this time has been reduced to 2.8 hours. Also, the influence of the human factor during packaging and picking is reduced, which means that the likelihood of regrading and errors is reduced. And in the future, based on the new process, it will be possible to improve others.

For example, now we are finishing work on the process of automated issuance of certificates for finished products. The shipping process overlaps with sales planning and production processes, which can and will be improved as well.

- When will it be up and running?

Now the shipment is carried out in a new way in the blacksmith shops No. 1 and No. 2. Works on implementation in the CMO are being completed. According to the plan, in the Press and Wheel Shops, the new process will start working from October 1 this year.

- What difficulties arose in the implementation?

As always, the main difficulty is the human factor. Not everyone immediately understands the advantages and benefits new system work, plus everything - you need to study. But it is necessary. We convince, we persuade, we ask. Many understand. To facilitate the implementation of the process, we have developed instructions for the new process, we provide training for all employees participating in it. In addition, OIT is always ready to give advice and provide any other assistance, up to the duty of specialists directly at the shipment on the “hottest” days, in order to promptly provide assistance in the work, if necessary.

There are a number of technical inconsistencies. For example, the data on some counterparties in 1C: 8 is outdated, and these data have to be updated very quickly. But this is a natural process, after a while the problem will go away. Also now there is an acute issue of automating the formation of certificates for shipped products. We have already developed and practically started the implementation of the new system.

- Is there already a positive effect?

There is definitely an effect! This is a reduction in the time of the process, an increase in its transparency. I also want to add that the introduction of a new shipping process is a milestone event. During the implementation, not only one ICU participated, but all subdivisions that affect the process. At the same time, we were able to find optimal solutions for almost all the bottlenecks of the existing process, found compromises and mutual understanding. Therefore, I want to convey my gratitude to the representatives of the departments involved in the implementation: OZiOGP, Accounting, Sales Departments of the checkpoint, Finished product delivery areas and PDB of forging shops.

To date, the new process for the shipment of finished products is one of the first large-scale processes developed under the standard for increasing labor productivity.

There are also interesting innovations in the new shipment process. So, for example, the Ural Automobile Plant, having learned about technological innovations in shipping, asked for labels with a unique barcode for its products. We did it without any problems. Now on the pallets of "UralAZ", two barcodes are put: ours and the customer's. Thanks to this, the process of moving our products at UralAZ is greatly simplified.

A detailed description of the introduction of a new process for the shipment of finished products is published on the SharePoint corporate portal, in the Knowledge Base of JSC ChKPZ, which UK already wrote about in the last issue. This means that all developments and solutions created during the implementation will not be lost. They will become the basis for other improvements to the plant's production system.

Material support of production

The normal functioning of production involves its uninterrupted supply of the necessary materials, semi-finished products, components. The functions of material support at the enterprise are performed by the logistics service.

Enterprises acquire material resources in the market of goods and services. The process of acquiring materials involves a number of logically interrelated activities. The following stages of the process of acquiring materials are distinguished:

preparation of applications: applications contain information about what types of materials, how many of them and in what time frame the company needs. Applications are developed by employees of the relevant functional divisions of the enterprise;

application analysis: applications are analyzed in the logistics service with the participation of specialists from other departments. The objectives of the analysis are to verify the validity of the stated needs and find ways to minimize the cost of obtaining the necessary materials of adequate quality;

choice of suppliers: based on the study of information about possible suppliers of material resources, suppliers are selected that meet the criteria for supplying resources of adequate quality at affordable prices, high reliability, availability of free capacities, etc.;

placing orders: the intention of the enterprise to acquire material resources is documented by the conclusion of a contract between the supplier and the consumer of material resources. The contract contains the characteristics of the ordered material, financial conditions, the quantity of the supplied material, the order and terms of delivery, etc.;

control over the execution of the contract: it is carried out by the logistics service;

completion of the acquisition process: the contract is considered fulfilled when all its conditions are met and the ordered materials have arrived at the enterprise. The completion of the transaction is documented.

The received materials are placed for storage in the warehouses of the enterprise and are prepared for issuance to production - to workshops, to sites.

An important stage in the preparation of materials for consumption is to check its quality for compliance with the requirements of the technical conditions defined and agreed between the supplier and the consumer. Poor quality material is rejected and returned to the supplier.

Materials, semi-finished products and components are issued to production units within the limits established for them, in the quantities necessary to fulfill the production plan. In the workshops, materials and other material resources are stored in pantries and issued to workplaces in accordance with the production schedule.

In the practice of enterprises, several methods of planning the material support of production are used:

Custom method assumes that the required material is purchased only when a need arises, so no factory stock is created. Materials are purchased only when the company receives a specific order for the manufacture of products.

Material support based on planned targets based on a deterministic calculation of material requirements. When providing production with materials based on planned targets, the size of an order for material resources is determined based on its need to fulfill the planned target, taking into account the planned receipt and the availability of materials in the warehouse.

Material security based on consumption involves the timely replenishment of stocks and their maintenance at a level that allows you to cover any need before a new receipt of materials.

Under need in materials is understood as their quantity required by a certain date to ensure the implementation of a given program of output in a specified period of time.

Depending on the accounting of the stocks of materials available at the enterprise, gross and net requirements for materials are distinguished.

Under gross need is understood as the need for materials for the planning period, excluding stocks in the warehouse or in production. Accordingly, under net need the need for materials for the planning period is understood, taking into account available stocks. It is defined as the difference between the gross requirement and the available stock of materials for a certain period of time.

The process of organizing a tool economy

Many enterprises use a wide range of tools and technological equipment, which is provided by tool management. This work is carried out in several directions: ordering and purchasing tools on the side, tool production and tool service.

Purchasing a tool- the function of the tool service, which consists in ordering and purchasing tools and technological equipment that cannot be manufactured at the enterprise. It is economically more profitable to purchase them at specialized enterprises or in stores.

Tool production consists of tool and tool repair workshops and has as its task the execution of work on the manufacture, repair and restoration of tools and industrial equipment.

Tool service involves the uninterrupted supply of workplaces with tools and technological equipment, the organization of their proper operation, timely and high-quality repairs.

The process of organizing a repair facility

The function of repair and preventive maintenance of equipment is performed by the repair facility. Its tasks are to ensure the constant operability of equipment and its modernization, manufacture or purchase of spare parts necessary for repairs, improve the operating culture of existing equipment, improve the quality of repairs and reduce the cost of its implementation, develop and implement progressive equipment operation systems.

The structure of the repair economy includes repair shops and sections, repair groups in the shops. The department of equipment headed by the chief mechanic of the enterprise is in charge of the economy.

The process of organizing the energy economy

The main task of the energy economy is the uninterrupted supply of production with all types of energy, the most complete use of the power of power devices, the reduction in the cost of consumed types of energy, and the maintenance of power devices in working order.

The organization of energy facilities and the operation of energy devices is based on planning energy needs and determining the sources of its coverage. The need for energy resources is established on the basis of the norms of their consumption and the annual program for the production of products by the workshops of the enterprise. The summary calculation of the demand for all types of energy must be balanced with the energy saving scheme.

The process of organizing the transport economy

Transport operations are an integral part technological process product manufacturing. The rational organization of factory transport is an important prerequisite for high labor productivity of workers performing the main technological operations, helps to reduce the duration of the production cycle and rhythmic work.

Transport of the enterprise is divided into external and intra-production (internal). External transport connects the enterprise with the railway, airport, and other enterprises. The internal one ensures the movement of materials, parts and finished products between workshops, sections, workplaces.

The organization of the work of inland transport includes a transportation planning system, the implementation of relevant preparatory work, the establishment of a certain work procedure Vehicle and performance of loading and unloading operations.

The process of organizing warehouse management

The main tasks of warehouse management are the creation of optimal stocks of material resources, tools, equipment, catering for production shops with the necessary material resources, storage and shipment of finished products. A well-organized warehousing contributes to the timely fulfillment of planned targets, accelerate the turnover of working capital, and reduce the cost of production.

The role of warehouses in supporting the production process is determined by the following types of work performed by warehouses: unloading, sorting and receiving materials and products arriving at warehouses, their placement and storage, release of material resources from warehouses and delivery to consumers - production, auxiliary and service units. The warehouses keep records of the movement of materials and take measures to maintain stocks at the proper level.

Product Quality Assurance Process

The process of ensuring product quality is one of the most important production processes. The economic characteristics of the enterprise, its competitiveness, position in the market of goods and services largely depend on the level of quality of manufactured products.

Under product quality is understood as a set of features and properties of products that determine its ability to satisfy certain needs. There are two groups of indicators that reflect the quality of products.

Performance indicators, which reflect the properties of product quality associated with the satisfaction of needs in accordance with the purpose of the products.

Production and technological indicators, characterizing the machine or device as an object of production in the conditions of the manufacturer. These indicators indicate the compliance of the quality of manufactured products with the requirements of standards or technical specifications, the degree of their manufacturability, labor intensity and cost, etc.

Each enterprise is called upon to produce products of proper quality that can meet all consumer requirements. The release of high-quality products determines the need to provide the enterprise with a set of technical, organizational and managerial measures aimed at producing products of appropriate quality.

Ensuring the quality of manufactured products is one of the most important processes in the organization of production at the enterprise. To implement this process, the enterprise forms a product quality assurance system, which is a set of organizational measures aimed at creating the necessary conditions for the production of products of proper quality.

There are three blocks in the quality assurance process:

supply unit in which measures are being taken to create conditions to ensure the release of high quality products;

control unit, which generates information about the state of factors and conditions that ensure the proper quality of products;

impact block, in which measures are developed and implemented to eliminate deviations from the established parameters of factors and conditions that ensure product quality.

It should be borne in mind that the quality of products is formed both at the stage of designing new products and production. Therefore, the quality assurance system at the enterprise covers all stages of product development and manufacturing.

The new set of international quality standards ISO 9000 defines the specific elements of a quality system. The most important of them, which determine the possibilities of quality assurance, are given below.

Management responsibility. In the enterprise management system, the degree of responsibility and scope of authority of all managers and specialists involved in setting goals, achieving a specific level of quality and quality control should be determined. A leader responsible for the operation of the quality assurance system should be identified.

Quality assurance system. The enterprise should form a quality assurance system, develop and implement procedures aimed at performing all the functions of the system.

Quality control design work. It is necessary to carefully plan and clearly define the characteristics of the designed product, constantly monitor the process of creating design and technological documentation, and make sure that the main characteristics of the developed products meet the initial requirements.

Providing production with material resources. Potential suppliers of materials and components should be assessed for compliance with the requirements, the effectiveness of suppliers' quality assurance systems should be assessed, all incoming materials should be checked for compliance before use quality requirements, incoming materials to protect against loss and damage.

Process control. Production must be carried out under controlled conditions, manufacturing process planned; documents and instructions are required that determine the course of the technological process; Quality control of equipment, tooling and tools is ensured.

Control and testing. During the production process, quality control of parts and testing of finished products should be ensured, the results of the control should be recorded and records of the results should be carefully stored, the causes of defects should be determined and eliminated before they occur, products that do not meet quality requirements should be rejected and withdrawn.

Equipment and accessories for control, measurement and testing. Controlling and measuring equipment, tooling must be constantly checked, undergo maintenance, and only after these procedures be allowed into production, the software must be checked both before and during use.

Internal quality checks. It is necessary to plan and carry out so-called internal checks of the state of the quality assurance system: check the quality of processes, manufactured parts, the condition of equipment, the degree to which all conditions that ensure quality have been achieved.

Staff training. Training of workers, specialists and managers should be organized. This work is carried out taking into account the need for training of various categories of workers and tasks for which advanced training is required.

Application of statistical methods. It is necessary to determine which statistical methods can be used in the enterprise, methods for their application are developed and the use of these methods is ensured to check the characteristics of products and the suitability of technological processes.

Maintenance. Conditions must be developed Maintenance manufactured products from consumers and organized a system of customer service.

Quality reporting. Documents in which products are registered must be identified, retained and deadlines be liquidated in due course.

Also, within the framework of the requirements for quality assurance in the production process, it should be said about the concept of TQM. The generalized practice of working on the principles of TQM is the basis of the standards of the ISO 9000:2000 series and is formulated in the form of eight quality management principles.

Orientation to the consumer. Organizations depend on their customers and therefore must understand their current and future needs, meet their requirements and strive to exceed their expectations.

Leader Leadership. Leaders ensure the unity of purpose and direction of the organization. They should create and maintain an internal environment that ensures the full involvement of employees in the organization's objectives.

Employee involvement. People at all levels form the backbone of an organization and their full involvement enables the organization to capitalize on their abilities.

Approach the system as a process. The desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and related resources are managed as a process.

System approach to management. The identification, understanding and management of interrelated processes as a system contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization in achieving its goals.

Continuous improvement. Continual improvement in the performance of the organization as a whole should be seen as its permanent goal.

Making decisions based on facts. Effective decisions are based on the analysis of data and information.

Mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers. An organization and its suppliers are interdependent and a mutual benefit relationship enhances the ability of both parties to create value.

The process of quality assurance, as well as building a system for monitoring the quality of products, production, and the organization's activities is very important, it is a necessary element to ensure the efficiency of the enterprise and any economic unit. The management apparatus should pay increased attention to this process. Quality is part of the key to the success of an organization.

Shipment of goods from a warehouse is a process that requires from all participants not only responsibility, clarity, attentiveness and coherence, but also elementary knowledge of certain rules, as well as their exact observance. The organization of shipment must be designed with the utmost care. Malfunctions on this stage Goods movements can lead to shortages, damage, deterioration in the quality of goods, and, as a result, claims to suppliers from recipients, and then arbitration claims are inevitable. How to avoid this and what you need to know for this? What is the process of shipment of goods and how is it carried out?

There are a number of conditions that shipper enterprises are obliged to ensure so that the shipment from the warehouse of their products goes without overlaps and failures.

What are these conditions?

• Only products that comply with the completeness and quality requirements dictated by standards, samples, specifications, drawings, standards are allowed for shipment (delivery).
• All products must be packed in strict accordance with the established rules for packing and packing, sealing individual places and labeling. All responsibility for damage to the goods due to poor-quality or inappropriate packaging, as well as for losses, in case of sending products to the wrong address due to incorrect or defective marking, lies with the seller.
• For each place, a detailed document must be drawn up, provided for by the standards, as well as mandatory rules, technical or other special delivery conditions (it can be a bill of lading or a packing list), indicating the products that are in this container, indicating its exact name, article or catalog number, quantity, weight (net and gross), as well as details of the supplier and recipient.
• The packing list is made in triplicate. One of them (in a waterproof envelope) is put into the container along with the goods. The second one (also in a waterproof envelope, covered with a plastic or tin protective plate) is attached to the outer wall of the container. The third copy of the packing list is attached to the package of accompanying documents. Further, on the basis of the packing lists and the picking list, a shipping specification is compiled, which is attached to the invoice.
• The quantity of goods shipped, its weight, the number of bales, bags, boxes, packs, bundles - all this must be clearly defined. In this case, boxes and boxes are numbered with fractional numbers, where the numerator means the serial number of the container, and the denominator shows the total number of places in the lot.
• Shipping and settlement documents containing data on the quantity of goods (with an exact match of the actually shipped products) must not only be clearly and clearly drawn up, but also sent to the recipient in a timely manner in a predetermined and established manner.
• Documents certifying the quality and completeness of the delivered goods (this can be a certificate or certificate of quality, a technical passport), as well as shipping and settlement documents, must be clearly and correctly drawn up. The data on the quality and completeness of the shipped products indicated in them must exactly correspond to the actual data. These documents are sent to the recipient along with the products, unless otherwise agreed between the parties, special delivery conditions or other mandatory rules.
• The rules in force in transport for the delivery of products for transportation, their loading, fastening, as well as special loading rules dictated by standards, technical and other conditions, must be strictly observed.
• The work of employees involved in determining the quantity of shipped goods and processing settlement and shipping documents for it should be systematically monitored.

The process of shipment of products from the warehouse consists of the following step-by-step operations:

1. Incoming orders are processed based on the availability of products in stock.
2. Products are being picked from storage.
3. The item is moved to the picking area.
4. Picking of orders and packaging of products (packing in containers, formation of packages) is carried out.
5. Packing lists are drawn up, after which they are placed in a container (box or crate) and fastened to cargo places.
6. Cargo places are closed, covered with metal or plastic tape.
7. Cargo labeling is in progress.
8. Cargo modules are being formed – packages are being packaged on pallets.
9. Cargo modules are moved to the loading area.
10. Cars, containers, railway cars are being loaded.
11. A bill of lading is issued.

The main task of any warehouse is the organization of efficient warehouse activities. And the main criteria for this effectiveness are:

a) the ability to fully satisfy incoming orders according to the nomenclature;
b) the ability to provide urgent shipments: within the region - within half a day, outside the region - within a day. For non-urgent shipments, a three-day period is provided, no more.

Suppliers prefer large and regular orders with long lead times. Such orders provide an opportunity to optimize the use of labor and technology. Customers, in turn, more often want not to make inventory, but to receive products if necessary and immediately. In order to somehow smooth out these contradictions, high discounts are set for large orders with long delivery times (several weeks or months), while they remain insignificant for urgent orders.

The loading of warehouse personnel responsible for the shipment of goods must be uniform. Therefore, all applications are divided into two types: urgent (usually small) and non-urgent (usually large). Receipt of urgent applications is carried out until 11-12 hours. Orders are immediately processed for the availability of goods in stock, completed and packaged. Shipment and delivery of urgent orders (together with ready-made non-urgent ones) are carried out using the vehicles of the recipients or carriers in the afternoon of the same day. If requests are received after 11-12 pm, they are considered non-urgent and are executed the next day. An urgent order can be sent to a large warehouse at any time of the day, but the time of shipment of the goods will still be fixed in the same way: orders received before 11.00 will be executed on the same day, and received after 11.00 - the next. The amount of the discount in both cases remains the same as was established for urgent applications.

The experience of developed countries offers more convenient planning of shipments - when the terms of shipment for non-urgent orders are indicated in the form of a serial number of the calendar week during which the products must be shipped by the supplier. So, if in the contract or in the document confirming the order it is indicated that the shipment should take place on the 14th week, then this means that it will definitely take place in the first week of April within 5 working days. There are also special business calendars abroad, in which all weeks are numbered.

Pickers or other warehouse employees are given a picking list (or route map), after which they select products from storage locations. The picking list contains a list of goods, which must be compiled in ascending order of storage addresses (not in alphabetical order). This allows the process of selecting goods to be carried out much faster. When manually picking a small amount of products, they are stacked on hand trucks, after which the goods are sent to the appropriate area for picking.

In large warehouses, the selection is usually mechanized - the cargo, packaged and placed on a pallet, is removed from the storage place using a stacker and then moved to the order picking area.

The technology of product selection in very large warehouses does not provide for the use of a selection list. The selector uses a computer terminal (laptop). Data is transmitted using floppy disks or radio channels. Information is transmitted over a radio channel much faster and therefore this method is more often used in systems with a large number of urgent (emergency) orders. At the same time, the server determines the priority of the order and may require the execution of an urgent request, interrupting the process of selecting products for the current order.

The use of portable computer terminals makes it possible to conduct an inventory without interrupting the work of the warehouse. If the selection of goods from the warehouse is completed and the picker has free time, then a new task will appear on the terminal for him - for example, to take an inventory of products in a particular shelving cell in the aisle closest to him.

Also, the use of such terminals allows you to organize and keep records of the work of each specific selector: to note the productivity of his work, the quality of work, the use of working time, etc.

After the selection of goods is completed and identified possible problems(for example, a shortage of goods is detected and, as a result, correction of shipping documents is required), a consignment of goods is sent to the packaging area.

Participants in the shipment process and their interaction

Once a contract for the supply of products has been signed with the customer, the logistics provider must perform a number of operations in order to arrange the future shipment of these products for specific specified orders. At this stage, the following interact with the logger:

• implementation service. Regulations for processing customer orders, forms and deadlines for fulfilling orders are being developed. The sales force must include all this information in product supply contracts. The task of the logistics service is to organize the transfer to the sales service on the day the shipments are completed without errors and delays:

a) information about the consignments of cargo that was handed over to the carriers;
b) physical parameters (weight, volume, dimensions, type of packaging, tare, etc.) required to send shipping notifications to customers;
c) a set of accompanying documents attached to the goods for invoicing.

• buyers.At the stage before the signing of the contract and after its conclusion, the log operator coordinates and clarifies with the buyers all instructions for the shipment of goods.
• carriers.The work of the logistics service with carriers is, first of all, the coordination of the place, time and method of loading goods. In addition, the following is agreed with the carrier: the procedure for the delivery of goods by weight and number of seats; the composition of the commissions that will deliver and receive the cargo; forms of documents provided for signature upon delivery and acceptance; the procedure for filing claims, escorting cargo.
• storage service. Together with the storage service, the process of selecting and bundling goods is being developed, the execution and adjustment of the selection technology is controlled.
• control service. Interacting with the quality and quantity control service for shipped products, the logistics service develops instructions regarding control, sequence of operations, preparation of documents, and also establishes a procedure for detecting deviations.
• packaging service. Methods for selecting manufacturers of containers and packaging, as well as methods for organizing packaging processes during shipments, are coordinated with the packaging service.
• expedition.Working with the expedition consists in organizing cargo escort, for this it is necessary:

a) reserve areas where the cargo will be temporarily placed in anticipation of its loading;
b) plan technical means and manpower for loading;
c) organize, if necessary, transportation by own transport or agree on the provision of services with a carrier partner;
d) control the actual terms of loading and departure of consignments;
e) control the passage of goods along the entire route of delivery, starting from known points encountered along the route, points of transshipment of goods to other modes of transport and border zones to customs points;
f) control the receipt of all necessary transport documents in the original.

• cargo service. Together with the cargo service, the log operator develops schedules for work and repairs of equipment, coordinates necessary technology the movement of freight transport arriving for loading, the composition of the working teams, the personnel required for loading consignments ready for departure and for the movement of goods is stipulated.

Now let's take a closer look at which services are directly involved in the shipment, which specialists are involved in this process and what functions they perform.

• Logistics service. Manages logistics processes, logistics of external and internal operations.
• Storage service. This service includes selectors (pickers) responsible for the safety of the goods.
• Control service. Includes merchandisers, inspectors, this also includes a laboratory, testing services, samples and standards.
• Packaging service. Service specialists are packers, technologists, loaders.
• Documentation service. Includes drafters of shipping documents.
• Expedition. The functions of forwarders are direct interaction with suppliers, carriers, recipients, as well as with departments and workshops.
• Cargo service. Service specialists - dispatchers, foremen, shift supervisors, cargo work technologist, loaders, slingers, riggers. Carry out the relevant work.
• PTO garage. Includes drivers and machine operators, as well as a repair shop. In charge of the service - maintenance of equipment and timely repairs.

Shipment is provided by the following elements:

• competent management: proper orders, regulations (including those on the units involved in the shipment), instructions, orders, control over execution, punishments, rewards;
• clear planning: plans for sales, cargo turnover, all work, work schedules, shifts, vacations;
• job descriptions, as well as qualification requirements for specialists involved in the shipment;
• structure and clear sequence of business processes that manage shipment;
• the optimal set of required space for processing orders: picking, packing and loading goods;
• set of optimally necessary technical equipment: machines for picking, packing and loading an order, equipment and instruments for checking and controlling the quality of goods;
• contract terms: appearance containers and packages, standard quantity of products in one package, cargo modules, methods of transportation and choice of carriers, information on shipments, etc.;
• technology of processing goods and cargoes;
• technological instructions for the procedure for selecting, picking, packaging, as well as loading various products;
• methods for checking the quality of completed orders;
• forms of documentation received as a result of shipment;
• computer programs and systems;

computer system

With the help of a computer system it is possible and necessary:

• automation of all business processes of the enterprise based on a single system. At the same time, the installation of disparate independent programs will become completely unnecessary.
• building a system of integrated and centralized control an enterprise that includes sales management, order processing, warehouse and cargo operations, planning and analysis of the financial results of all services and divisions of the enterprise.
• unification of geographically distributed and actually scattered divisions of the enterprise into one single information structure.