Mansard roof inside. Mansard roofs: types and design features. Mansard roof structures

The construction of a spacious private house often involves the construction of an attic. This makes it possible to make each functional square meter area. At the same time, roofs differ in their features, appearance and construction technology.

What is an attic and how did it appear

In the 17th century, the French architect Francois Mansart began to use high roofs in the development of projects. This made it possible to achieve the necessary visual effects, to create Beautiful design building. The room under the high roof turned out to be quite spacious and the architect suggested using it as a room for not too eminent guests or staff. In the 18th century, attics became widespread in Russia, for example, in St. Petersburg, many buildings were equipped with spacious attics and complex roofs. In the future, the advantages of such structures became more popular.

Attic makes the building more functional

The attic is a residential attic located under a high roof. This area usually occupies free space under the roof, but options are also possible in which the room is located only in a certain part of the attic. The height of the walls of the sloping ceiling often does not exceed 1.5 m, and then the angle of the roof slope begins. The designs can be different, but always the attic requires a certain arrangement, involving insulation, equipment for the living area.

When it is impossible and when it is possible to make an attic

Equipped and comfortable attic is an additional living space in the house. At the same time, there are situations when it is impossible to make the attic a residential and comfortable room. In such cases, significant problems arise and the room may be inconvenient to use.

The attic can be very small, but for the arrangement it is important to take into account certain requirements.

Creating a living space in the attic is complicated or impossible in the following situations:

• if the ceiling height at the highest point is less than 2.4 m;
• too low, hindering the movement of the location of the horizontal screeds of the truss system;
• if the rafter system and floors are too light and not suitable for arranging living space in the attic;
• arrangement of the attic in an already finished house, which requires parsing the roof.

The best option is to design a house immediately with an attic. This allows you to provide for all the features of the attic living space and make the roof with optimal parameters. If the house has already been built, and the roof has sufficient height and is made of durable materials, then you can make an attic in the finished building. In this case, there is no specific arrangement option, since everything depends on the individual characteristics of the finished roof, the strength of the attic floors and other factors.

Design features

To build an attic in a house under construction, the roof should be properly equipped. At the same time, the design of the attic consists of load-bearing elements of the roof and the attic floor, and for a complete arrangement, insulation, waterproofing and finishing work are carried out.

The arrangement of the attic under the attic requires care

In order for the attic space to become a comfortable living room, it is important to provide for the presence of all the necessary layers in the roof structure. Be sure to place the following layers during the construction of the roof:

• vapor barrier, which is necessary to remove excess moisture from the room to the outside. For this, a special film is used, which is attached to the crate fixed on the rafter system;
• insulation that keeps the heat inside the room. The material must be non-combustible, durable and practical to use;
• waterproofing, which performs the function of protecting the premises and load-bearing elements from moisture coming from outside;
• the ventilation gap is necessary to preserve the roof and prevent rotting. The height of the ventilation gap is 45–50 mm, and this ventilation space is located between the waterproofing and the external roofing material.

Before building a house with a residential attic space, a project is created that contains all the important information about the future construction. The project assumes the presence of a detailed drawing of the entire house and the attic in particular. Additional information contains data on the materials used, room parameters.

For any attic you need a detailed project plan

When designing, many factors are taken into account. For example, the option of heating the attic, climatic conditions, the purpose of the room. This allows you to make an attic that best suits the operating conditions and meets modern comfort requirements.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mansard roof

Arrangement of the attic space for living quarters - difficult process requiring knowledge of all the features of the house. To do this, it is worth knowing the advantages and disadvantages of the attic that characterize this design.

The attic is characterized by a set of features that should be considered during construction

The main advantage of arranging the attic is the maximum rational use of the space under the roof. The attic also has the following advantages:

• aesthetic appearance of the house from the outside;
• the possibility of creating original interior inside the attic;
• reduction of heat loss through the roof;
• the possibility of arranging an additional functional room.

Even a small attic can be used rationally

The disadvantages of the attic are expressed in the complexity of arranging the premises. To create in the attic optimal conditions living requires heat and waterproofing materials of the highest quality and degree of safety. It is especially important to properly design the roof, install special windows and ensure high-quality ventilation roof space.

Attic options

Since the introduction of attic architecture, many options for such structures have appeared. All of them differ in appearance, construction technology, operation features, but always allow rational use of the attic area.

Different types attics allow you to create a variety of interiors

Multi-gable roofing is one of the most complex roofing options. Outside, the roof is a complex of angular ledges, and inside the ceiling has a complex shape.

Many protrusions make the design original

Multi-gable roofing has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this design are expressed in the following:

• unusual appearance roofing;
• rapid descent of precipitation;
• reliability of the truss system;
• stability under significant loads.

The disadvantages of the mansard roof are expressed in the complexity of design and the mandatory careful calculation of the parameters of the structure. Therefore, before construction, a professional project is created, taking into account all the design features. Otherwise, the roof may be unreliable or uneven, which will adversely affect the performance of the building.

Multi-gable roofing can be quite simple, but reliable

The attic can be made under an asymmetric roof. This design is different in that it has sides with different parameters. An asymmetric type roof is a triangle, the refraction of which occurs not at the top corner, but at the base. As a result of this, different angles and sides are formed, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone slope is larger than the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe other.

Asymmetric roof has an interesting appearance

The main advantage of an asymmetrical roof is that the windows will be vertical instead of slanted. This prevents moisture from entering the room. The attic under such a roof is more spacious and provides comfortable living. When constructing an asymmetric roof, it is important to correctly calculate the load on each side, because the reliability of the roof and comfort inside the attic depend on this.

Calculation of the load on the roof is carried out by professional specialists

For a residential building with a perimeter with equal sides, a hipped roof is suitable. The design assumes the presence of slopes with the same parameters and therefore the shape of the building should be square. A hipped roof can be domed, conical or pyramidal. The latter option is more practical and often decorates residential buildings.

The hipped roof has quite simple design

The hip roof provides a spacious attic space. The design has 4 slopes, 2 of which often have large sizes than 2 surfaces located at the end of the building. The hip roof allows you to get a spacious attic room, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is larger than with a pitched roof.

The attic under the hip roof has a large area

A cuckoo roof is a roof that has a small triangular or other shaped ledge, which often contains a dormer window. In form, such structures can be hip, arched, single or gable. The ledge has its own truss system, conjugated with the main one. Cuckoo roofing allows you to get a larger attic area than a simple one pitched roof. Several cuckoos may be present on the surface.

Cuckoo roof allows you to get a spacious attic

Shed roofs

To create a simple and large attic, shed roofs are often built. In the attic there is one full-fledged wall, and the other is an inclined surface. In this case, the windows are often located obliquely, but it is possible to install a cuckoo or place windows on the main wall of the attic.

Shed roof is easy to install, but requires accurate calculation of parameters

The most convenient is the angle of inclination of 40 °, which allows you to make an attic in the attic. During installation, the ramp is located on the leeward side. The presence of one corner of the roof contributes to an increase in the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic, above which you can place a small attic space for storing things.

Gable roof with attic

The roof, which has two slopes, allows you to create an attic with a uniform rise in the ceiling. On both sides, the roof is located at the same angle to the walls. In places where the ceiling adjoins the walls, an area is formed, the functionality of which is minimal. To create a spacious attic space, it is enough to make a roof with an angle of 45 °, which is optimal for houses whose width is not more than 6 m.

Attic can be built immediately during the construction of walls

Arrangement of the attic gable roof th is a popular and effective option for the rational use of attic space. Often the attic is equipped with a balcony located at the end of the building. When designing, it is required to calculate all the parameters and determine the location of the windows.

broken roof

One of the varieties of a gable roof is a broken shape. This design has two slopes, but each of them is built in such a way that it consists of two parts. This feature allows you to reduce the angle of the roof and increase the height of the attic walls. As a result, the attic space becomes more functional and is used much more rationally.

The broken shape allows you to make a spacious attic

The broken shape requires the correct construction of the roof truss system. At the same time, the load on the roof is low, since the presence of double slopes contributes to the rapid removal of precipitation.

Four-pitched roofs with an attic

The peculiarity of the attic, equipped under a hipped roof, is that all 4 walls have a small height. The ceiling rises obliquely from all 4 sides and therefore the usable attic area under such a roof is quite small. A simple hipped roof is practical in operation, as precipitation quickly descends down the roof.

The four-pitched roof is convenient and practical

Hip roof structures can be more complex. For example, multi-level options that include several inclined surfaces located at different levels.

Attic roof options

Roof designs that allow you to make an attic in the attic space are diverse. When designing, special attention should be paid to the roofing material, which is selected depending on climatic conditions, design features, personal preferences and building design.

metal tile

Steel or aluminum metal tiles are in demand as a roof covering with an attic. Materials can be of any color, but when choosing, you should pay attention to the following features:

• geometry and depth of the insole;
• type of color coating;
• material thickness;
• specifications.

Metal roofing can be different colors, but an important selection factor is the characteristics of the material

The metal tile is reliable and provides comfort in the attic. For arrangement under the roof of the attic, it is worth choosing strong, durable structures that are resistant to climatic influences.

Attic with glass roof

Glass is rarely used for roofing and is especially unsuitable for harsh climates. In a very warm climate, it is possible to make an attic with a glass roof, using especially durable materials and developing an accurate design project.

The glass roof is suitable for mild climates and requires careful maintenance.

When designing an attic with a transparent roof, it is important to carefully calculate the load on the roof, determine the parameters of the walls, the angle of inclination. To create a roof, durable materials are used that are resistant to temperature extremes and mechanical stress.

SIP panels for the roof

Special building boards made of pressed wood chips and expanded polystyrene can be used to create an attic roof. This material has the following features:

• high thermal insulation effect;
• availability and low cost;
• fire resistance and non-toxicity;
• simple installation;

When using SIP panels for roofing, it is important to ensure good waterproofing of the structure to protect the material from moisture.

SIP panels are practical in operation and provide sound insulation

Decking for attic roofing

To equip a roof with an attic, you can use any roofing materials that provide reliable protection for load-bearing structural elements. Decking is one of the most popular and affordable options. Polymer-coated metal sheets can be of any color, and when choosing, it is important to pay attention to the fact that the material must be intended for roofing.

A roof with an attic is quite easy to cover with corrugated board

How to make a mansard roof

The construction of a roof with an attic involves the definition of a design option. Only after this, the design stage begins, in which materials, parameters, and architectural features of the structure are selected. The main stages of construction are:

A separate stage of work is the creation and installation of skylights. Plastic modern designs- a common and practical option. Small or complex windows are made to order. The structures are mounted in a special opening, which should be provided for when installing the roof truss system. Windows can be located at the ends of the roof, cuckoo or obliquely on the roof.

Photo gallery: interior options for attics

In a spacious attic it is easy to create cozy atmosphere with minimal furniture Big windows provide good lighting A cozy office is easy to equip in the attic In a small space, you need to correctly delimit the zones Windows for the attic can be quite large and high A small space requires a minimum amount of furniture

Video: attic finishing features

The attic space can perform any function, but it is always important to determine the type of construction, parameters and materials for the construction of the attic even at the stage of building and designing a house.

During the operation of a private house, country cottage or country house, often the question arises of increasing living space. It is usually solved by means of an extension or add-on.

Building a house is a tricky business. In addition, the residential extension has one significant drawback - it “steals” the usable area of ​​the site.

Therefore, a popular way to expand the living space of an individual house is to build a second floor or attic, i.e. attic roof. The design of the mansard roof allows you to use the resulting space as a living space.

What is better attic or second floor

The following facts speak in favor of the attic: the cost of construction is lower, the best insulation living space, less load on the foundation. In general, the attic is the highlight of the house, giving it a certain flavor.

If in essence, then a full-fledged 2nd floor is more practical and easier in terms of implementation than an attic one. It all depends on the situation, if the house is being designed, then it is better to immediately provide for the second floor, because. arranging an attic is a more troublesome task. And if the house is residential and has a mansard-type roof, then it would be reasonable to equip a living room in it instead of an attic "for the right things."

Types of mansard roof

The optimum angle of inclination is 40°. The slope should be located on the leeward side. Allows you to equip a small attic above the attic. Due to only one acute angle, the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room increases.

Double pitched mansard roof

A simple gable (pitch or gable) consists of two slopes connected at a certain angle. The advantage of a gable roof is the ease of manufacturing the rafter part and finishing. The disadvantage is the appearance of a "deaf" area (at the junction of the roof to the wall), which is usually not used. Often attics with a gable roof are erected along with the walls. A 45° pitched roof is ideal for houses up to 6m wide.

Asymmetrical gable roof. A private house with such a roof will be original and functional at the same time.

The complexity of building a roof with asymmetrical slopes is to carry out calculations.

Broken mansard roof. Its difference is that each slope has two components. The sloping roof device allows you to get a higher attic room. And also reduce the unused area. Such roofs are the most common, due to the possibility of attaching a garage or a summer kitchen under one roof.

Four-pitched mansard roof

Hip mansard roof. In this design, the roof slopes play the role of walls.

One of the varieties of the hip mansard roof is the Danish hip roof. Its construction is distinguished by the presence of gables, which allow you to mount ordinary windows (dormer windows) rather than roof windows.

Semi-hip mansard roof (two-slope, four-slope). A complex design, low slopes protect the gables of the house from precipitation.

Pitched roofs can be single or multi-level.

Non-standard solutions are also quite possible for a mansard roof. Their device requires careful calculation of loads, stability, etc. Without special education, installation is difficult, so the cost of work is higher compared to classical designs.

Some examples of the original mansard roof are in the photo.

We have decided on the types, the question remains how to make a mansard roof with your own hands.

Brief instructions contain the main stages of work and draw your attention to some of the nuances of their implementation.

Stage 1 - Design and calculation

The choice of the appearance of the mansard roof, and the calculation of its parameters is made taking into account such factors as:

slope angle;

finishing material;

A reliable assistant in the calculations will be SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts".

Nuance. The greater the angle of inclination, the lower will be the height of the attic room (the minimum ceiling height of the room on the attic floor is 2.2 m). Accordingly, the smaller the angle of inclination of the mansard roof, the larger the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room will be. If the slope is insufficient, then precipitation can collect on the roof, which will lead to additional loads on it.

Closer attention is paid to the calculations if a non-standard mansard roof is being built. For example, an asymmetrical gable mansard roof has a displaced center of gravity. This affects the uniformity of the load transfer on bearing walls and foundation.

At this stage, such a question as the method of access to attic floor. The choice of the location of the stairs to the attic is an important decision. The internal location allows you to use it at any time of the year. External allows you to save the usable area of ​​the lower floor.

Advice. Ceiling folding ladder for the attic floor is the most economical option, but the least practical.

Mansard roof truss system

The choice of truss system is influenced by:

1. attic dimensions;
2. span parameters;
3. roof shape;
4. construction of the first floor;
5. location of load-bearing walls and additional supports;
6. roofing weight.

Mansard roof truss system design

There are two types of roof rafter system with an attic:

• hanging rafters. The walls of the house serve as the basis for the rafter legs. During the construction of hanging trusses, a mauerlat is not always installed (depending on the wall material);

• layered rafters. In this case, it is necessary to build an additional support. Which is used as a ridge run or an attic wall reinforced with reinforced concrete. The device of a layered truss system is allowed with a distance between the bearing walls of up to 7 meters.

The structural difference between the device of the roof with hanging and layered rafters is shown in the diagram.

When building a mansard roof, a combined type is more often used - hanging rafters on top of the system, and layered on the sides.

At the same time, drawings are necessarily made indicating the location of individual elements and the distance between them. An example is shown in the figure.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

Calculation of the rafter leg for the mansard roof

The choice of wood species and the rationale for its optimal thickness.

The amount of material required for the truss system depends on its type and all the factors listed above.

Nuance. The gap between the rafter legs depends on the lumber used.

The step of the rafter legs under the mansard roof will be 60-90 cm.

As a material, glued timber (80x80, 100x100 mm), a board (for slate and metal tiles section 50x150, for ondulin 50-200) can be used.

Nuance. The length of the spans increases the diameter (section) of the rafters or reduces the gap between them.

As for the breed, it is recommended to use pine. Its wood is characterized by high strength, flexibility, ease of processing, and the absence of knots. Commercial wood must be at least grade 2. Solid beams can be replaced with glued timber, it has higher quality characteristics.

The thickness of the board for the manufacture of rafters (section of the rafter leg) must be at least 50 mm. The width of the board for the rafter leg is from 150 mm (if the length of the rafters is up to 6 meters, if more, then 180-200 mm). On the one hand, this requirement is due to the fact that it has a load, on the other hand, a heater is placed between the rafter legs.

Council - any construction or restructuring must be legalized in the relevant authorities.

Stage 2 - Installing the Mauerlat

Mauerlat - additional wooden trim along the upper perimeter of the building.

The purpose of the Mauerlat is to create conditions for secure fastening of the lower part of the rafters. As well as the redistribution of the load, which is created from the pressure of the roof on the load-bearing walls and the foundation of the building.

Installation of a simple gable mansard roof requires the installation of a Mauerlat only on those walls on which the rafter legs will rest. A four-pitched roof requires its installation around the entire perimeter of the building.

Advice. In a wooden frame, the role of the Mauerlat is played by the upper crown. This can be done, but subject to the installation of rafter legs on sliding fasteners. Because due to the load on the rafter system (wind, snow), horizontal pressure is created and the upper logs can move outward. In addition, if the material for the truss system is not properly dried, then over time, with rigid fastening, the roof is deformed.

Nuance. A stone cottage and house requires the arrangement of a Mauerlat around the entire perimeter of the outer walls. In brick, you can install its links only under the rafters.

Mauerlat parameters for logs - diameter 150 mm, for timber - 100x100 mm.

The breed is pine, but larch is better.

The Mauerlat mount must be reliable, because this is the basis for the entire truss system.

There are several ways to fasten the Mauerlat: with anchor bolts, studs or reinforcement (fixed at the base of the load-bearing wall);

Advice. If the building is erected from foam concrete or other porous material, only long bolts or reinforcement can be used, the length of which is 3 times the width of the Mauerlat beam. This is due to the fact that any other fasteners are pulled out very easily from a porous material.

• annealed wire (embedded in brickwork);

• wooden dowel (used when installing a Mauerlat in a log house).

Nuance. To prevent the destruction of the Mauerlat, it is necessary to provide proper waterproofing, for example, put roofing material, and treat the beam itself with antiseptic solutions.

If the width of the attic matches the width of the house, the rafter legs rest on the base of the load-bearing wall. But, it’s better to install a Mauerlat anyway.

Stage 3 - Mansard roof construction

Mansard roof frame device

Cover beams. Installed on the Mauerlat. In the future, they will serve as the basis for the device floor in the attic.

Mansard roof truss system

For a simple roof, the manufacture of rafter legs consists in the formation of simple triangles. They can be assembled on the ground and installed in the form of ready-made triangles.

For a gable sloping roof, a U-shaped frame is first attached, and the rafter part is already fixed on it in a hanging (for the top) and inclined (for the sides) way. The diagrams below show this more clearly.

The lower ends of the rafter leg must be sawn and attached to the Mauerlat with nails or metal staples (movable mount).

Nuance. Wash down the legs must be very accurate to ensure a snug fit to the Mauerlat.

Rafter legs are installed at the same distance from each other. Otherwise, the load on the system will be unevenly distributed.

Installation starts from the extreme legs. Then between them you need to pull the rope. So the horizontal will be maintained when installing the intermediate legs.

After all the rafters are installed, they are interconnected. The step of the lathing depends on the chosen roofing material.

Advice. Places intended for the installation of roof windows are reinforced with a transverse beam. Thus, the window will be securely fixed.

With a significant width of the mansard roof, you need to install a ridge beam. It will serve as an additional support. And part of the load (from the weight of the roof and snow) is redistributed to it.

With a considerable length, the ridge beam is supplemented by a support.

Mansard roof waterproofing

A hydrobarrier film is attached to the crate. The peculiarity of its fastening is to make an overlap of 100 mm. Most manufacturers mark the overlap with a bright stripe.

The waterproofing film is fastened with a construction stapler. And in case of rain, it will reliably protect the structure even in the absence of roofing material.

Mansard roof insulation

The insulation is placed under the waterproofing. Professionals recommend using flexible heaters for these purposes - mineral and basalt wool. Their advantage is flexibility, the ability to fill any voids.

Laying the vapor barrier

The vapor barrier film protects the roof insulation from steam penetrating into it from the attic living quarters.

Advice. It is important to provide the necessary gaps between the roofing material and the insulation. Their presence and parameters are determined by the type of insulation, the class of films used and the roofing material.

Mansard roof construction - video

Stage 4 - Installation of skylights

The area of ​​windows, for sufficient daylight penetration, should be at least 12.5%.

Due to the design features of the mansard-type roof, special roof windows are used for glazing. The installation technology provides for the installation of windows before finishing work. In this case, the windows must be opened to provide access fresh air. In bad weather, they, of course, should be closed.

Stage 5 - Mansard roof roof

Surely, sooner or later, every owner of a private house comes up with the idea of ​​arranging an attic roof - the so-called attic. It allows you to expand the space of the building, thereby preserving the treasured meters of the site itself. In addition, if you show a little imagination in the construction and decoration of this part of the house, then a non-standard and attractive look will delight not only guests, but also ordinary passers-by. You can learn how to competently combine all the requirements for the safety of construction and an individual design plan from this article.

What it is?

Many people associate the image of the attic with the bohemian creative life of Paris, whose representatives - writers, musicians and artists - lived on the topmost dimly lit and unheated floors. In the literal sense, these were utility rooms that the poor could only afford.

Today, the presence and design of the mansard roof speaks of the wealth and sense of taste of the owner. The architectural geometry of the roof, unusual combinations of window openings and balconies will not only highlight private house among others, but also functionally increase the living space, eliminating the cost of another floor.

Also, the room can affect the reduction of heat loss of the building. Officially, according to all standards, the attic must have a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor level, otherwise it will be considered an attic.

When building a mansard roof in Russia, one should remember the features natural conditions- rather frosty winters with frequent temperature changes require special attention to the quality of insulation of the attic room.

Device Features

The design features of the attic oblige to adhere to some rules:

• soundproofing;
• reliable insulation and vapor barrier;
• no stretch marks and bevels;
• ventilation gap;
• functional and aesthetic combination with the overall exterior of the house.

At the same time, compliance with all the rules does not limit the choice of options for all kinds of designs of the structure itself: single-pitched, double-pitched, sloping, two-level, conical roofs, with or without a balcony, mid-pivot or balcony skylights. Lots of variations. For reliability and safety, it is important to choose the type of roof, calculate the dimensions, the amount of insulation and roofing materials.

Comfortable living in the attic directly depends on thermal insulation which will allow you to enjoy a slight coolness in summer and keep warm in winter. Consider the method of laying the "pie" of the attic roof, which will serve not only as a heater and the base of the roof, but also as protection against all surfaces inside the attic floor - the ceiling, floor and walls. It is important to first draw up an attic plan with all communications and an indication of the thermal conductivity of the materials from which the building and load-bearing coatings were erected. Only after this is the selection and calculation of the insulation made.

Particular attention should be paid to the indispensable presence and exact sequence of each layer of the "pie" of attic insulation:

1. vapor barrier layer;
2. insulation;
3. ventilation gap;
4. waterproofing material;
5. roofing.

In this list, the layer of insulation and ventilation are especially important. The following materials can be used as a heater.

Styrofoam

A modern demanded material with a low density, but at the same time high strength. Differs in soundproofing, does not give in to corrosion and does not attract dust. However, a significant disadvantage is the high flammability and the release of toxic substances. If we dwell on this insulation, then the foam layer must be protected by at least 3 cm of a fire-retardant structure, for example, with a two-layer drywall. In addition, the foam is susceptible to the influence of rodents.

Mineral wool

The most common material for attic insulation. Among its characteristic features are resistance to temperature extremes, fire safety, high sound and heat insulation, harmlessness from an environmental point of view. It can be purchased in the form of a roll, plate or mat. The latter is recommended as an attic insulation. The material certainly needs good ventilation.

polyurethane foam

The main advantages are durability, long-term use, not susceptible to moisture, mold, suitable for any surface, non-toxic. But behind all the advantages lies the high cost and the work of exclusively specialists with equipment.

It must be remembered that the thickness of the insulation layer is determined depending on the climatic zone.

To insulate the attic you will need:

• waterproofing film;
• insulation material;
• vapor barrier;
• mounting tape;
• cord (nylon);
• nails;
• a hammer;
• pliers;
• sharp knife.

The thermal insulation of a room is directly related to the quality, type and size of skylights; their structures are usually placed between the roof rafters in order to avoid costly reconstructions. Therefore, in choosing it is important to focus on the available dimensions. Among other things, you need to take into account the height of the slopes, total area and purpose of the space.

The standard sizes of roof windows are considered to be 78x118, 78x140, 78x160 cm and larger ones - 94x140, 114x118 and 114x140 cm.

In the event that the rafters are installed closer than the established frame standards, it is likely that a custom-made window will be required, which, of course, will affect costs.

According to the way of opening roof windows are divided into:

• mid-turn structures;
• with side axle
• raised axis of rotation;
• with bottom axle
• the combined axis allowing to turn a leaf on 180º.

The most popular option among Russian summer residents is with a central axis of rotation. As advantages - ease of use (such windows are easy to clean).

A separate variety is represented by windows on remote control, which will be convenient if the location does not allow you to reach them yourself. Often equipped with rain sensors.

Depending on the model, several types of windows can be distinguished.

• Vertical. They are mounted in a special so-called attic "birdhouse", because of which you have to slightly change the roof structure. However, they guarantee a large amount of light.

• Balcony attic. They are two wings, when opened, one rises, the lower one moves forward, forming a miniature parapet. Just like the previous model, they require a lot of money.

It should be noted that, if load-bearing walls are possible, a hanging balcony can also be made, which can be located either on columns serving and decorating in front of the entrance, or you can move the gable (part of the end wall between the roof slopes and the cornice) of the attic floor from the load-bearing wall, and the ledge roof done by continuing the roof to the level of the outer wall.

• Extensions. Decorative window tops. They fit perfectly into the design and most often have a round, semicircular or triangular shape.

• Light tunnel. It combines a reflective tunnel into the room and a plafond already directly in the room itself, which evenly scatters light.

• Cornice models. They are located at a right angle in the gap between the wall with the roof.

• Glazed bay window. A rather exotic and costly glazing model. The structure extends beyond the plane of the wall.

Leading Russian manufacturers of high-quality roof windows are Velux, Fakro, Roto. Velux models are slightly more expensive. For example, a window measuring 78 cm will cost 21-24 thousand rubles, wider - from 26 thousand.

Also, do not forget about some additional useful accessories:

• blackout curtains;
• roller shutters, blinds;
• heat-absorbing nets;
• mosquito nets.

According to the established norms, the glazed area should be at least 10% of the floor area.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the attic floor can rightly be considered:

• Profitability. The attic allows you to reduce the cost of heating the room. The air space between the floor and ceiling of the attic does not allow the generated heat to escape through the roof. The low thermal conductivity of the air allows more heat to be stored on the ground floor.
• The savings on the completion of another floor or an increase in living space due to the expansion of the foundation are also obvious. The attic allows minimal cost gain constructive additional space.
• aesthetic appeal. Undoubtedly, the attic with the complexity and expressiveness of the roof gives the building a harmonious, architectural and finished look.
• Construction speed. Such an extension will not last for several years, as is often the case with the expansion of the foundation. Installation can be completed within a week.

In addition to the advantages, there are also disadvantages.

• Savings on heating and replacing the second floor with an attic in the future will result in a pretty penny. The room provides for the installation of specialized windows, which are much more expensive than ordinary ones.
• Sloped ceilings reduce the height of the walls.

• The vulnerability of the structure is due to the fact that the attic takes on all the main "impacts" of nature, and therefore needs increased attention and periodic inspection. If it is necessary to repair or replace the insulation, damage to the finish along with the vapor barrier cannot be avoided.
• A complex coal roof leads to the formation of hard-to-ventilate areas, which negatively affects the quality of the coating.
• Individual requirements for hydro- and thermal insulation.

Problems that can be encountered during the construction of the attic:

Undoubtedly ideal option for the attic, it will be included in the project drawing even before the start construction works Houses. But often the idea of ​​​​an attic comes with the need to expand the usable living space after a certain period of use. In this case, one has to deal with the choice of the type of construction. There are such varieties mansard roofs.

Shed

The usual uncomplicated attic with one corner of the roof and one full wall, which allows you to expand the area. The most successful angle of inclination in this variant is in the region of 35°-45°. Otherwise, it may lead to accumulation a large number snow. The slope is located on the windy side. At the same time, window frames can be placed both on an inclined roofing surface and on the main vertical wall. However, this design is not used so often, because due to the norms of wall heights of more than 2.5 m, the slope turns out to be very steep. And this requires strengthening the frame of the rafters and, therefore, extra costs. However, such a roof looks rather non-standard.

gable

more rational and best option due to the uniform rise of the ceiling, in contrast to the shed model. Two roof slopes are located at the same angle to the walls. For a rational distribution of space, 45 ° is enough. It is also divided into subspecies: symmetrical with a ridge above the middle of the house and asymmetric with a shift from the center. The pediments in this version are straight, and the room takes the form of a trapezoid. Such an attic can be equipped with a balcony at the end, and the design of the structure itself allows you to get rid of the “cubism” typical for a house. However, this also seems to be a significant disadvantage, limiting the area of ​​​​the attic space on the sides. As an exit, you can provide this space for pantries or cabinets.

broken line

The most common type in the construction of the attic without the involvement of specialists. In fact, the same gable structure, but built from two parts located under different slopes. The advantage of a broken shape can be considered the ability to avoid the formation of uninhabitable "dead" zones at the junction of walls and ceiling, as in gable design. By reducing the angle of inclination, the height of the walls increases. And the presence of two slopes allows you to reduce the load on the roof.

When choosing this option, it is important to pay attention to the special tipping truss system.

With remote consoles

This design provides for the displacement of the vertical wall of the attic to the edge of the facade of the house or beyond. This feature allows you to significantly expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The rafters are reinforced with struts and rest on floor beams that protrude beyond the load-bearing walls. vertical wall provides a flight for imagination in the choice of window design.

Two-level

This type of attic is designed exclusively together with the dwelling and is considered the most complex structure. It consists of several rooms at different levels and is not some separate part of the building, but a full-fledged room in the structure of the whole house. With this design, it turns out not a one-story attic, but two additional mini-floors. Particular attention should be paid to the preliminary calculation of the load on the walls and the truss system.

Multi-gable roof

The intricacy of the design is expressed in a whole complex of angular protrusions. The non-standard appearance, the strength of the truss structure and the absence of accumulation of precipitation are priority over the difficulties of design and increase in calculations. However, such characteristics require the work of exclusively specialized personnel. And the cost of such a mansard roof significantly exceeds the prices of other types of structures.

Four-slope

This design of the roof of the house is considered the most attractive. In addition, it is very convenient to maintain - precipitation almost does not accumulate on it, and due to the inclined design, the wind does not carry a large load, as a result of which such a roof will last longer. However, during construction, you will have to significantly spend money on warming such an attic. But there will not be so much usable living space due to the sloping ceiling on all four sides.

hip

They are a typical version of a four-pitched type of roof. A comfortable and spacious space is obtained by increasing the area of ​​​​the two facade slopes of the house, made in the form of a trapezoid. Hips are also called slopes from the end of the building in the form of triangles. The semi-hip construction is a slope that does not reach from the ridge to the eaves. This type of roof is used infrequently, since the truss system is one of the most expensive and complex.

Shatrovaya

Suitable option for square shape Houses. The roof in this design is the slopes of the same parameters and requires arrangement by specialists. Among the options are 4 or more slopes, in the form of a dome or pyramid.

Asymmetrical

It turns out as a result of lengthening one of the surfaces of the roof. Such an attic looks both outside and inside very non-standard. Behind the seemingly simple roof displacement lies a detailed calculation of the load parameters for each wall. Living space in such a room will be unevenly distributed depending on the side and angle of the roof.

With "cuckoo"

"Cuckoos" in this case are called small protrusions in the shape of a triangle, where windows are most often located. Moreover, on one slope there may be several such structures with individual truss systems. The shape of the structure can be completely different, both one- and four-slope.

L-shaped

Quite inexpensive option roofs with a non-standard appearance. Most often, two gable roofs are used for this, docking with each other at a right angle, which is the most difficult structural unit. Of course, such models are mainly used in buildings of a similar shape.

Having listed the main forms of attic structures, it should be added that combinations of such roofs are also possible. Let's say a lean-to can be erected as a broken line. The most important thing in this case is to comply with all operational and design requirements during construction.

Shapes and sizes

The construction of the attic floor also has variability in terms of the implementation of various architectural forms the premises itself. The geometry of the attic room can be triangular and broken, cubic or L-shaped, symmetrical or asymmetric, one-story or two-level, occupy the entire space of the house, only partly or even with removal outside the load-bearing walls based on columns. Lots of alternatives. A complex design involves the correct calculations of dimensions and the preparation of a construction plan.

Calculating the exact parameters of the attic floor area involves a number of preliminary calculations. To draw up a project, it is required to schematically divide the space into simple geometric figures: trapezoids, rectangles, parallelograms, squares, triangles and having calculated the area of ​​each of them, add up the results. This principle applies to almost all attic structures. And if all the height standards (at least 2.5 m) of the attic are met, then the floor area should be at least 16 m².

It should be noted that in addition to the established height parameters, where such calculations are possible, there are attics of other sizes:

• attic in the range from 0.8 to 1.5 m;
• semi-attic less than 0.8 m.

In such cases, or when the slope of the roof is quite significant, the following formula is applied:

P \u003d AxL + 2Bx0.7L

P \u003d L (A + 1.4B),

where P is the area;

L - the length of the attic plane;

A - floor width for walls above 1.1 m;

B - floor width for walls above 0.8 m.

The usable living area is calculated from the points on the ceiling, located 90 cm perpendicular to the floor. The rest is considered a "dead" zone.

Such formulas allow both to calculate the strength and weight of the structure, and to determine the amount and type of material used.

Thanks to modern technology, today it is quite possible to calculate the parameters of a mansard roof online. To do this, you will need to enter data on the type of attic, the scheme of the truss frame, the material of the roof and insulation.

truss system

The converted truss system is the key difference between mansard roofs and others. This already heavy structure can withstand the weight of the roof, floor beams, the load of the attic floor, and precipitation. Therefore, only one that is made in compliance with all requirements can be considered a reliable and durable system.

One of the basic rules is that the system should provide for an even distribution of pressure on the base and load-bearing walls.

Only high-quality, well-dried and antiseptic-treated wood is used. The optimal parameters of the rafters are 100 × 100 mm in cross section, they will create a weather-resistant structure.

Cutting a tree into the lower crown is strictly prohibited. The slope of the rafters is in the range from 30°–60°. For their fastening, exclusively rigid metal materials (corners, staples, nails) are used.

Particular attention should be paid to the pitch of the rafters, since the choice of the width of the insulation and the size of the windows located between the two rafters depend on this. It is worth adding that the step width between them should be 3 cm less than the width of the insulation to reduce waste.

All of the above requirements are met regardless of the choice of one of the types of construction of the truss system, which is of the following types.

hanging

Differs in economy and a practicality. This design is based on the side walls of the structure, and the rafter legs are fastened with horizontal jumpers for rigidity - crossbars, which also serve as the basis for the ceiling. The advantage is the location of the main elements of the system outside the used part of the room, which allows you to expand the usable space.

When installing such a system, you should pay attention to the fact that:

• roof overhang supports should not fall on the bottom, brought out beyond the bearing walls, rafter legs;
• for roof rigidity, a wind board should be nailed between the ridge and the Mauerlat;
• the moisture content of the rafter wood should not exceed 15%. Otherwise, the system may lose stability. If such material is nevertheless used, then it is better to connect it with the help of bolts, which, if necessary, can be tightened.

Layered

It is used in attics with a load-bearing partition in the center of the room, which is an additional support. Most often, such a system is used for large areas of the house and heavy roofing materials. The design principle consists in laying a plank on the inner walls, acting instead of a Mauerlat, and installing a special stand to support the ridge run.

Features of the arrangement of the layered system:

• the thickness of each element is from 5 cm;
• all nodes are smooth and located exclusively in the proper places according to the project;
• the connection of the Mauerlat and the rafter leg is strictly horizontal;
• symmetry in the position of racks and struts;
• reliable and high-quality ventilation;
• waterproofing at the junction of knots and masonry;
• the length of the rafter leg without support - up to 4.5 m.

Self-construction truss system provides for the implementation of a certain order and requirements:

• Mounting the Mauerlat (the base of the rafter system over the area of ​​​​the house). The strength of the fastening with the lower slings will protect against a “roof failure” in the literal sense of this expression. The material used is dry processed bars with a section of 150x100 mm. Mauerlat transfers some of the load of the truss system to the walls.
• The base of the beams is laid horizontally, always using a level. Fastens to walls with bolts or brackets.
• The waterproofing layer is located on the crowns, columns of the frame building or on brickwork. You can use roofing felt, roofing material, bitumen.

• Frame racks. Ideally even vertical and horizontal racks are fastened with staples or nails to long beams, insulation is placed between the vertical ones. Before continuing work, it is mandatory to check the racks for mobility - they should not loosen. Otherwise, strengthen with braces or screeds.
• Runs fasten the rafter legs. There is a ridge run on top, side ones on the side. If the length of the rafter legs is less than 8 m, it is not necessary to install a ridge. An element that performs its functions can be stretch marks that fix the attic ceiling.
• The final stage of the construction of the system is the fastening of the crate.

Of undoubted importance for the roofing system is the crate, which takes on all its load.

It consists of bars laid perpendicular to the legs of the rafters. Moreover, different materials are used here depending on the type of coating: boards, timber, plywood, tes. Although usually a 40–50 mm edged board is used for this. Soft types of cover suggest a continuous crate, and with harder materials, a distance between the boards of 25–40 cm is provided.

All rafters are connected at the highest point of the roof - the ridge. The ridge gives the whole structure rigidity and stability. Therefore, it is obvious that the duration of operation of the entire roof depends on the reliability of this part of the system.

The connection of the rafters, and, consequently, the formation of the ridge, occurs with the help of such fasteners:

• overlap is formed by laying rafters on top of each other and connecting through fasteners;
• cutting into half a tree as a result of laying rafters, in which half the thickness and fastening are selected at the edges;
• trimming the end sides of the bars involves the imposition of rafters on top of each other and trimming in a mirror image at one angle.

In the area of ​​​​the ridge, the rafters are fastened with overlays of plates made of wood or metal, metal corners, brackets, brackets, wooden wedges, nail plates. During the construction of the rafter system, the installation of such an important part of the house as the cornice is carried out. To do this, either the length of the rafters increases, or a filly is used.

Among his primary tasks:

• protection of walls from moisture and dirt;
• partially eliminates the ingress of water and snow from the roof to the foundation of the building, preventing blur;
• harmonious and finished look general design roofs of the house.

building requirements

The design of the attic floor involves the following requirements:

• interconnection of communications of the attic space and the whole house;
• the selected material for the attic must be technically and harmoniously connected with the building material;

• compliance of the plan of the additional floor with the design of the building;
• compliance with safety rules when carrying out work with the presence of people in a residential area;
• strict adherence to fire safety rules;
• compliance of the light-transparent fence with the general concept of the building style.

Mounting technology

The assembly of all elements of the attic room occurs in this order:

• the calculation of the strength of the building is best done with the involvement of specialists;
• preparation of the attic and roof project can also take place with the participation of qualified people or on the basis of a ready-made version;
• dismantling of the old roof, if it is no longer a new building that is being rebuilt;

• truss manufacturing wooden frame- one of the most difficult points in the construction of the attic;
• it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the erection with the help of a cord stretched between the arches, which ideally should be in a horizontal position;
• fixing the arches with each other with nail plates or stamping corners;
• vapor barrier material on the inside of the rafter system, fixed with building brackets;
• a layer of insulation tightly adjacent to the rafters;
• installation of the crate on the insulation material is carried out using wooden blocks;

• waterproofing is laid on the outside of the rafter system - often a plastic film is used for this, and another layer of boards is stuffed on top of this layer;

• for natural ventilation of the space under the roof, special cavities are arranged between the hydro- and heat-insulating layers in the area of ​​​​the eaves, which are displayed in the upper part of the ridge;
• overlapping the frame with roofing material, depending on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Among the options for finishing coating, you can consider the following options:

• Metal tiles are used not only because of their attractive appearance. This material is excellent value for money. Durable, light in both installation and weight. Reliably withstands shock, but at the same time it transmits all sounds well, which is the main drawback.

A large number of people already have or want to acquire a private house. It can be a house in which you will live every day, or maybe a country house, or a summer house, where you will go on vacation every weekend with great pleasure.

It's no secret that today, the cost of land is very high.

This was the root cause that more and more people began to look at this great option, as .

Thanks to this, you get a lot of extra space. Here you can make another guest bedroom, billiard room or gym, and everything the way you want.

If you have already decided to build a house with an attic, then first of all you need to choose which types of mansard roofs are suitable for your option.
This determines the integral cost of the entire house. The roof of the attic is predetermined by the image of the roof.

• . The load-bearing walls serve as a mount for the inclined plane. This is perhaps the easiest variation. It does not require any special specifics for its implementation. Her privilege is minimal expenses that do not require large investments.
• . In this variant, the roof is provided with two slopes diverging in opposite directions.
• or half hip (half hip). In this case, there are four slopes. In this case, you have the opportunity make the most of the available space attic.
• broken roof. This is a two-slope roof modification. This modification of the design is considered one of the most successful and practical. Especially widely it is used for small and small houses. Its irreplaceable privilege is the creation of extremely large and spacious interior rooms. For this type of roof, additional cash costs are required, since installation here will be more complex and intricate.
• Roofs, in the form of cones, domes, pyramids. This is the most expensive and complex type. It is widely used for those houses that stand out for their complex design and configuration.

Types of mansard roofs

Types of attics can be divided into two categories:

1. single level- they are combined with a gable and sloping roof. In addition, they may have remote modillions.
2. Two-level- arise as a result of a combination of supports of various types.

The main task is to clearly and without any deviations, to calculate all possible loads during construction and, of course, further when using.

ATTENTION!

In order for you to be able to decide whether you need it, it is very important to familiarize yourself with all its advantages. Such an outstanding construction has a number of advantages and pluses that make it so widespread.

Advantages:

• Significantly increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, which can be used with great benefit.
• This amazing design will let you save a lot of space thereby reducing the total building area.
• It is always an opportunity to expand the house. It is quite possible to complete the attic, in an already existing house.
• Speed ​​of all building processes. You do not have to wait several years for the foundation to stand, as is the case if you want a good quality house that will serve you, your children and grandchildren.
• Affordable cost. You can afford this luxury if you want. This design will not cost crazy money.
• Amazing, attractive and non-standard appearance. Such a building will perfectly complement your home and make it even richer and more attractive.

Of course, like everything that surrounds us, having advantages, unfortunately, there are also disadvantages. It is important to take them into account.

disadvantages:

• Beveled ceilings. It does not always suit everyone and everyone likes it. They create a certain originality of space, which is not in all cases convenient for residents.
• Expensive attic windows. Alas, but such windows cost many times more than usual.
• No attic room. With extra cute rooms for yourself, your family and guests, you can forget about the attic room where you can put tons of all kinds of things.
• first class. You can’t do without it if your house has a mansard roof.
• high quality. It is needed to maintain a suitable level of humidity throughout the room.

Considering the offer of a mansard roof, be sure to pay attention to all its positive and negative sides.

Types of mansard roofs of private houses: photo options below.

Gable roof mansard type options

Four-pitched mansard roofs of private houses

Shed mansard roof

truss system

One of the most important elements of the roof is the mansard roof.

It is she who decides how much the roof will be reliable, durable, high-quality and functional.

The rafter system is a support for the roof. Thanks to her, the load from the roof is transferred to the supporting structure.

The direct duties include to withstand such factors as snow, wind, rain, hurricane. The development of this system is very carefully and scrupulously.

Types of roof structures:

1. Hanging - external walls and there is support. Here I use a puff made of wood or metal. The hardness and stability of the entire truss system depends on the height at which the puff is located.
2. Layered- most often they are used on such objects that have intermediate load-bearing walls. The ends of the rafters are based on outer wall and inner wall. Such a truss system is financially affordable and inexpensive.

Unambiguously, the principle of sliding support is always used, which allows the rafters to bend. You can also lay the rafters one on top of the other, fixing them together with special metal plates.

Rafter drawing plan

Attic with balcony

If you are a lover of chic and sophistication, then the option of adding a balcony is ideal for you. This is contribute to the flow of fresh air into the room, provide natural ventilation , and also provide a chance for the penetration of sunlight directly into the room.

It is necessary not to forget about some requirements for the attic:

• All roofing materials used must be lightweight.
• The inner cladding has lightweight profiles (for example, such as drywall).
• Thermal insulation materials must be of the highest quality.
• Perfect hydro and vapor barrier.

Don't ignore these few important rules. Given them, you will get a wonderful home that will serve you for many decades.

Gable option

Mansard roof option with a balcony

Useful video

In this video you will learn what types of roofs of houses are:

In contact with

An attic is a room located in the attic and adapted for living. Roofs for attics are built differently - hip and gable, triangular and broken, single-level and two-level, despite the shape of the roof, such a design is usually the most beautiful part of the house.

In the attic attic, it is possible to equip a room for living, an office, a bedroom, a library or even a training room, and if you make full glazing, you can also arrange a winter garden.

They began to build attics about four centuries ago, and their architect from France Francois Mansart came up with the idea, he was the first to come up with such an idea, to make in the attic living room, and the architect Pierre Lesko embodied this idea in the construction.

Advantages and disadvantages of mansard roofs

The advantages of attic buildings include:

• increase in living space due to the attic;
• the appearance of the building becomes better when using a two-level attic;
• when building an additional room, there is no need to move residents out of the house, they will not interfere at all with the construction of an attic room;
• no heavy equipment is required for construction.

The disadvantages of attic rooms include:

• the use of expensive windows designed for such premises, but it is quite possible to put inexpensive small windows, and turn them into a highlight of the room by decorating with unusual and original curtains, the use of roller or Roman blinds will give the effect of a large window;
• mandatory use of heat and waterproofing;
• the complexity of construction due to the use of various types of building materials.

Features of mansard roofs

Beautiful mansard roofs

Brick cottage with mansard roof

The built attic floor makes it possible to significantly increase the area for living with low cost money, when compared with the construction of a full-fledged floor. The main advantage of such a project is the possibility complete the attic on an already built house, and reducing heat loss through the attic and reducing the cost of paying for heating.

It is possible to build an attic on several levels and with several rooms, the disadvantage is that sloping ceilings make lower wall height and, accordingly, the usable area of ​​the room.

A correctly selected roof project for an attic will not only make more area for living and make your home more beautiful. A variety of roof structures can be installed not only at building a house, but with its alteration and reconstruction.

When installing the rafter system, you need to use well dried in drying chambers beam. For the rafter system, a bar of various sections is used, it is necessary to choose a bar based on the configuration of the mansard roof and the load from the weight of the material to cover it.

In attic structures it is necessary to use safe and not heavy Construction Materials, and together with a bar treated with antiseptics, it is possible to use a light metal profile.

It would be nice to arrange a mansard roof by applying metal structures, which will provide high fire safety. This may slightly increase the price, but it will also make it more reliable, you must definitely pay Special attention high-quality welded joints and treat with anti-rust agents.

Wooden structures needed reinforce with corners from metal and iron plates and fastens them with screws or self-tapping screws. All design features of the attic roof must be thought out in advance otherwise, any oversight will lead to unpleasant consequences.

In rooms that are located under the roof, heat loss occur much faster than in the lower rooms, because of this, the roof of the attic must be carefully insulated. For these purposes, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool and other heaters are suitable.

Well made roof insulation will serve you long time. Inside, the attic room is best trimmed with natural wood; the ceiling and walls can also be sheathed with drywall or other sheet materials.

Roof structures for attics

1. Single-level - this is a building with remote consoles, vertical windows and a large area, such an attic goes beyond the level of one side of the house.
2. Two-level - this is the most difficult building to erect with a mixed type of installation on the building and its project is created together with the house.
3. With two slopes - add-ons for single-level attics, easy to build, with a small living area and low ceilings.
4. Broken roofs with two slopes: this building is with four-slope planes with different angles slope, it is more difficult to build, but the room inside meets all the requirements of living.

Mansard roof structures

Single-level attic with a gable roof of the house

Mansard roof structures are slightly different from conventional roofs, and they create a general look and feel. protect from bad weather.

To build one of the mansard roof options, you need the following tools:

1. Roulette for measurements.
2. Axe.
3. A hammer.
4. Stapler mechanical.
5. The plumb line is construction.
6. Hacksaw.

Technology for building roofs for attics

This process has some features that must be considered when building a roof.

The bars for the mansard roof truss system must be at least 250 mm thick. This is needed for comfortable styling a layer of insulation 25 mm thick, which is best made from expanded polystyrene. Thermal insulation is recommended non-flammable components.

Between the insulation layer and the roof, you need to make a complete ventilation system for air circulation.

The wood used for the construction must be processed fire fighting equipment, it does not hurt to protect it from microorganisms that destroy wood. If you are building an attic in an area of ​​strong winds, you need to reduce the angle of the roof, in calm areas, the angle can be increased.

Mansard roofs are best covered with slate, ceramic tiles or ondulin. And here metal coating, due to low thermal conductivity, contraindicated.

Before building a mansard roof, you need:

Do house examination, to determine the load on the foundation and walls and draw up project documentation for the attic. Take permits: for construction or reconstruction, expert approval and permission from all residents.

After paperwork and preparation, we begin construction.

We lay the timber 100×100 along the entire length of the house and fix the Mauerlat, put the frame (frame racks are suitable as supports for the rafters). For racks, we take a beam identical to the longitudinal beams and install along the edges of the house vertical stands, which we attach to the longitudinal beams using metal corners and screws, on top of each rack we nail the jumper.

We install the arches that remain, with a step for the rafters and connect the arches using corners or metal plates.

We cut the upper ends of the rafters at an angle, the rafters are strengthened bottom edges in the Mauerlat in pre-cut grooves, and the upper edges of the rafters, after trimming according to the template, are set in place. Further stuffing the crate from boards or plywood sheets.

On this first crate we lay thermal insulation layers from the inside of the rafters. After that, we fill the crate on top and lay the waterproofing on it. Lastly, install roofing from the material you have chosen, it is placed on top of the waterproofing layer.

The cost of building a mansard roof

If the construction of the attic roof will be done by hand, then the cost of materials will be approximately as follows:

The cost of a heater mineral wool per cubic meter:

• based on fiberglass - 1500 - 2600 rubles.
• based on basalt fiber - 100 - 1900 rubles.
• based on jute fiber - 12 -18 rubles. per running meter.

The cost of roofing materials:

• bituminous tiles (ondulin) - about 350 rubles. per m2.
• - about 270 rubles. per m2.

Calculate the total cost of size of the area mansard roof.

Attic design ideas

Provencal style guest room

The mansard roof device is the best solution for increase in living space your housing. With the help of a few friends and having studied the detailed descriptions of the construction of the attic roof, you can quickly build a reliable and attractive attic that will serve you. long years.