We choose a massage table: each according to his needs. Types, properties and use of massage tables and couches The height of the massage table is optimal

A properly selected table is a working tool for a massage therapist. The professional design will provide comfort to the patient and convenience in work to the master. Selection criteria apply not only to functional features device, but also to its mobility.

Types of massage tables

Among the variety of types and models, massage tables are usually divided into stationary and folding (portable).

Stationary. This type of construction has sufficient dimensions, heavy and difficult to carry. This will explain their use in specialized treatment rooms, inpatient departments, beauty salons.

Typically, this option is equipped with a movable headrest that improves the position of the neck and head, which has a positive effect on the quality of the area being worked out. Tables are made of solid wood and high-strength steel.

The quality factor of the design and functionality make them quite expensive.

Used by massage therapists at home or for work with a visit to the client. Differ in the compact sizes, ease, ability to develop.

When folded, the portable table fits into the trunk of a car, while weighing up to 20 kg. The legs of the device are easily adjustable, which allows the massage therapist to set the structure on an uneven surface.

Thanks to lightweight and inexpensive materials, the folding model is popular.

Massage couch. This is a simplified view of the portable device. Couches are issued without additional devices, are not regulated on height. But there are models of couches that fold in half and have a hole for the face.

The massage table is used for all kinds of massage: cosmetic, therapeutic, restorative, training, using and spa products. The necessary conditions for the procedure on a specialized device:

• Air temperature 15-45 C
• Relative humidity at a temperature of 25 C, no more than 80%

Before use, the legs of the product are adjusted so that the surface is in a horizontal position at the required height. Depending on the type of massage, the headrest is set at the desired angle of inclination.

If the design includes armrests, their adjustment is carried out after placing the patient on the surface. During a massage session, for the convenience of work and patient comfort, the master changes the location of the headrest and armrests.

After the procedure, the massage therapist lowers the movable parts of the table top to its original position, which allows the patient to rise freely.

Characteristics of massage tables

When choosing a massage table, you should pay attention to its parameters.

Width ranges from 50 to 80 cm. For ease of use, the width should be sufficient, according to the standard it is 70-76 cm. If the tabletop is too wide, the massage therapist will have to stretch, which will affect hand fatigue and the quality of the procedure.

Narrow models are equipped with additional armrests that can be lowered and raised at the request of the client.

Length tabletop is 184-220 cm. Optimal - 185 cm. The patient should fit in full height, the head and limbs should not hang down. Modern models have the ability to "adjust" to the growth of the client, while the width does not change.

Height design is an important parameter on which the quality of the work of the master depends. The legs are adjustable to a height of 55 to 85 cm. Thanks to this, the masseur chooses the necessary position for work.

There are 3 types of leg adjustment mechanism:

• telescopic legs are mounted on products with a metal frame, adjustable by pressing a locking button
• screw-in legs are available on models with a wooden frame
• dimensional stationary structures are equipped with a hydraulic adjustment system

Forms of massage tables:

• rectangular
• in the form of an hourglass

Recesses on the sides allow you to get closer to the client.

The correct massage table has a movable headrest or a hole for the face, since lying with the head turned to the side for a long time causes discomfort to the patient and affects the quality of the procedure.

The headrest is adjustable in angle, fixing the head in the desired position.

Depending on the complexity of the design, massage tables are available in 1, 2, or 3-section.

• 1-section does not have moving parts. This is a simplified version, sometimes available with a hole for the face.
• 2-section includes a movable foot part, or a headrest. When lifting the foot part of the table, the patient lying on his back is provided with the desired position for kneading the lower extremities.
• it is completed with a movable headrest and divides the tabletop into 2 zones. Sometimes such tables are called 7-section, thanks to 4 additional palm rests.

These devices are equipped with an electric motor that allows you to adjust the necessary sections during operation:

• When lifting the head part, the client is provided with a “half-sitting” position
• Raised leg section secures legs in a drainage position
• The midsection lift is used to stretch the spine.
• Lifting the leg and middle sections after fixing the legs provides stretching and drainage function

Such designs are the most convenient, but their price is much higher.

Before choosing a table, you need to decide what type of massage the master works with. For the classic procedure, a 1 or 2-section device is suitable.

If the procedure is performed on complex parts of the body (on the spine or cervical region), an option with extended functionality would be appropriate here.

Standard massage tables can withstand weight up to 200 kg. Handle the product with care. A sharp jump and jump in six months will loosen the legs, which will subsequently lead to breakage of the elements.

Movement

Stationary models with a hydraulic system are quite heavy. If necessary, in their frequent movement, it is better to purchase structures on wheels.

Accessories

In medical offices, disposable paper towels are used during work. A dedicated paper roll holder is attached to the back of the frame. Facial pillows help to take a comfortable position for a long time.

Massage rollers are used to give the necessary fixation to parts of the body. Stands for aromatic oils are conveniently used during oriental massage.

Recently, folding massage tables have been in demand. The portable design is convenient during the assembly process and is easily carried by the technician during field customer service. The folding model is not inferior in functionality to the stationary one:

• withstands a weight of at least 200 kg
• aluminum support is durable and reliable during operation, not subject to corrosion
• wooden support is sustainable and environmentally friendly
• thin coating lightens the weight of the structure, has the necessary soft-hardness ratio
• folds into a suitcase for easy transport
• installed anywhere
• height adjustable
• head and back sections change at the right angle
• headrest with face hole and plug can be removed
• equipped with armrests
• massage rollers are included with some models
• have a warranty, the period of which varies depending on the model

The main advantage of folding massage tables is the cost. The price of such products is two times lower than couches with two sections and transformers.

In medical salons and offices, if available a large number patients the best way– stationary table:

• withstands a static load of up to 1000 kg, taking into account the pressure of the master during operation
• the number of sections reaches up to 10, making the design the most ergonomic
• storage cabinet for accessories
• regulated by an automatic mechanism using a foot pedal, increasing the wear life of the legs
• used to provide several services (massage, lymphatic drainage, reflexology)
• many design options allow you to choose a model for any interior

When working in the conditions of the pool, bath and sauna, a take-away model made entirely of bamboo was released. This table is suitable for both dry and wet types of massage.

Specialized clinics can purchase models of any level: for pregnant women, children and overweight people.

Folding:

• Metal cable frames are not stable under load. If the weight moves closer to the end, the moving sections may fold in half.
• Cables stretched around the perimeter of the base interfere with the comfortable positioning of the massage therapist's legs during work.
• Facial grommet without a plug can cause discomfort to the patient
• Additional movable sections for arms and legs weigh down the structure and reduce stability
• Couches weighing more than 20 kg are too heavy to transport, and weights below 12 kg indicate unreliability and danger in use

• Width over 70 cm and length over 180 cm make it difficult to carry the product
• Cheap upholstery often causes trouble. Lying on cheap leatherette, the client sweats or vice versa, freezes.
• Adjustable legs with additional knots are not reliable. They quickly loosen and sometimes break. It is better to adjust the height once, sawing off extra centimeters.
• A serious drawback is an unreliable design. For home rare procedures such option is suitable. But with intensive work, after a few months, it loosens and becomes unstable.

Stationary:

• Lack of lifting mechanism on some devices
• Elevator without electric motor. The device is raised and lowered using a pedal, which is not always convenient to do during operation.
• Some models are equipped with a Z-shaped frame, which, when lifted up, moves away from the massage therapist and vice versa. This is not very convenient in the process. In addition, when the center of gravity of a table with a Z-frame is shifted, one edge becomes loose and the device may roll over.
• Lack of wheels on some models makes them difficult to move

For medical centers with a daily flow of patients, it is recommended to purchase both options.

How to choose a massage table

The main criteria for choosing a table are performance and technical characteristics. In appearance, they are similar to each other, but when choosing a massage table, you should pay attention to certain points:

• Decide on the purpose of the purchase. For the infrequent home use or a folding option is suitable for field practice.

When working in a medical office, it is better to pay attention to stationary device with advanced features.

• Upholstery surface material is selected from eco-friendly soft fabric or leather on a cotton basis, without perceptible folds and folds. On such a coating, the patient is more pleasant to lie than on a surface with hard bulges.
• The filler consists of synthetic foam. The lighter the filler, the more it bends under the client's body. It is better to choose the option with a semi-rigid surface.

Additional pads are available for sensitive skin patients.

• Stationary models are heavy, the couch is mounted on a solid steel or wooden structure. There are also combined frames that combine metal and wood.

Folding tables, due to their lightness, do not always have a strong frame. At the time of buying mobile device it is worth paying attention to its support, the frame should not sway and creak.

• Pay attention to the manufacturer. In the Russian market, low-quality Chinese models are often passed off as Italian or Japanese.
• Availability of a certificate for a medical device.

A good folding massage table should have the following characteristics:

• narrow bed
• Metal carcass
• Legs not adjustable in height
• Expensive coverage
• Face hole with plug
• No extra sections
• With case included

If the work is carried out in an office or salon, without visiting customers, it is better to choose a multi-section stationary device with an electric motor and additional devices.

When choosing a stationary table, consider the following factors:

• Not wide couch
• X-shaped frame with electric drive
• Mandatory head section with angle adjustment
• leather cover
• Wheels for movement
• Paper sheet holder

Multi-section devices are not popular among massage therapists. They are expensive in price; all moving parts are rarely involved in operation. Some armrests sometimes even get in the way.

How to use

All sports or medical equipment needs proper use and care.

• Temperature regime and humidity. It does not matter what material the table is made of - a wooden or metal frame, it can be used in a room with a temperature not higher than 50 and not lower than 5 degrees.

Negative temperatures in six months will disable the product. High humidity will adversely affect the support and lead to corrosion of metal structural elements.

Can be used to create a comfortable atmosphere.

• Mounting and folding the device carried out according to the instructions.

For this:

1. Every time check the strength of the cables, fasteners
2. Choose a flat and firm surface so that the legs are at the same level
3. When folded, "hide" the table in soft case This will protect the product from dirt and damage.

During installation, the legs of the structure should not be subjected to differences of more than two centimeters. floor covering. Before buying a table, you should decide on the load range.

For this, the maximum possible weight of the client and pressure from the master during the procedure are calculated.

During operation:

1. Don't double load.
2. Do not allow the client to stand on the couch with their feet.
3. You need to lie down and get up carefully, without jerking.
4. After each session, be sure to change the disposable sheet and wipe the surface with a soft sponge and cleaning agent. Allow the countertop to dry before starting the next procedure. Unplug electrical motors before cleaning.
5. Once every three months spend technical inspection products.
6. A model equipped with electrical equipment must not be left switched on after use.
7. Before connecting to the mains, make sure that the voltage in the outlet meets the requirements specified in the instructions.

Compliance with the rules of operation will allow the product to last longer and retain its original qualities.

The warranty for medical equipment is provided by the manufacturer. Usually it is 36 months from the date of sale.

In the event of a malfunction in the operation of the equipment before the expiration warranty period, the manufacturer will replace parts or exchange products free of charge.

• Heated massage products have a guarantee from the manufacturer of the infrared tape.
• After the expiration of the warranty period, the repair of the massage device is carried out at the expense of the buyer.
• The massage table is accepted for repair only in the original packaging and with a warranty card.
• Refunds or exchanges are possible no later than 14 days from the date of purchase of the goods.
• The warranty does not cover soft parts, leatherette surface, electrical plug and wire.
• Attempting to repair the product yourself will void the warranty.
• Delivery of the product for repair or replacement with a new one is made by the buyer.

Faults and repairs

Modern countertops are comfortable, thanks to soft upholstery. But due to the influx of clients, the use of massage oils and creams, the upholstery deteriorates, the filler wears out and misses.

Stretching will help solve the problem. You can drag furniture to a specialized agency, or you can do it yourself.

For this you will need:

1. filler (foam rubber or other suitable composition)
2. upholstery fabric (leather, leatherette)
3. stapler

• The amount of filler and upholstery is calculated based on the size of the countertop. Removing the old upholstery and fixing the new one will not be difficult for those who know at least a little how to hold tools in their hands.
• If the moving parts fail, you will have to replace the old screws with new ones. You can buy them in a specialized store.

• If the sections are rusty and difficult to move, it is enough to lubricate the mechanism with engine oil.
• If loosened wooden structure, you can purchase cables with rubber nozzles and stretch them between the legs.
• Breakdown of electrical equipment, most likely, is not subject to home repair. First you need to diagnose the product, identify the cause, and then proceed with the repair.
• The required replacement of complex electrical components is carried out by a specialist in a room equipped for this. Therefore, it is not recommended to repair the electrical mechanism yourself.

Massage table manufacturers

Massage tables are presented by products of Russian and foreign manufacturers. Anyone can purchase products of the company they like. Modern models are of the best quality and reasonable prices.

• Italian massage tables Anatomico have distinguishing feature: Lightweight frame in aluminum or beech wood and premium upholstery.

The equipment looks uncomplicated and compact, without unnecessary heaps, which allows the models to be used in prestigious medical institutions and beauty salons. Massage equipment is tested by professional doctors of the country.

• The Russian company DFC, together with Chinese partners, develops and manufactures equipment for gyms, medical centers and entertainment organizations.

Folding massage tables DFC are made of durable materials, they are stylish, ergonomic and functional.

The company constantly updates products, models portable devices Available in multiple colors, sizes and additional features.

• The company produces equipment from Finland for physiotherapy rooms. Laser cutting of the elements correctly combines the connection of the metal parts of the body, which are processed according to RAL standards.

Packaging of products is characterized by maximum safety during transportation. The production line is constantly updated. The company gives a 10-year warranty on all products and does not receive negative feedback.

• The Russian company Gelioks enjoys prestige. The massage products of this company are equipped with German Hanning motors, which can withstand up to 800 kg.

Used for upholstery artificial leather German company Vowalon, similar in quality to natural. The assembly of the frame and its color is produced in accordance with RAL standards.

• Lojer offers a unique selection of Finnish medical furniture. Massage tables are equipped with hydraulic and electrical system. Natural upholstery options and all the necessary accessories will allow you to choose a model according to customer requirements.

The Finnish company makes a service technical inspection and supply of spare parts for its products. Lojer provides a product warranty from 2 to 10 years.

• The American company is aimed at producing products that help improve the condition of the body, relieve stress and tension. Massage equipment is developed on the basis of modern technologies using design developments.

The shortest delivery time and assortment distinguishes USMedica from competitors. In addition to stationary and folding devices, the company produces SPA models for aroma massage. In Russia, the brand is promoted, participates in city exhibitions.

• is a subsidiary of the American corporation JohnsonHealthTechCoLtd, which produces the best medical simulators. Vision produces portable massage tables with high durability.

The power structure is worked out, has a reliable dynamic resistance. The upholstery and body are made from certified products. The products are durable, light weight and elegant in appearance.

For all the time, Vision products have been awarded more than once and have been the bestseller in the United States.

• The Japanese manufacturer Yamaguchi specializes in sales of medical furniture, massagers, and cosmetology devices. Stationary furniture can withstand loads up to 1000 kg, equipped with electronic devices, and has a stylish design.

Portable and versatile products are stable and safe, adjustable, no sharp corners, easy to clean and disinfect. When buying an expensive massage table, the company provides credit and free shipping.

All listed companies have certificates for the manufactured equipment.

Massage for the body: for relaxation, healing and treatment

The benefits of massage have been known since ancient times. It is used to heal and relax the body. For a quality massage, you need to use a special device. If you are a young professional looking to improve your skills or earn some money, you need to purchase a massage table.

Table for massage or cosmetic procedures on a metal frame with basic dimensions

Buying a quality product for personal use is quite expensive. But, having a small set of tools, a little skill and perseverance, you can assemble a folding massage table with your own hands.

DIY wooden folding massage table

Self-manufacturing of the table will allow you to purchase the thing you need, which will be at your fingertips, at low cost, to purchase other things you need for your hobby with the money saved.

Black folding massage table with wooden frame

The folded table is compact, takes up little space, which makes it convenient to store and carry with you to the country house or home to the client.

Assembled black massage table

DIY Blue Stationary Massage Table

Beautiful and calm room design for a relaxing and therapeutic massage

The massage table must be strong, comfortable and support a weight of at least 250 kilograms. The weight of the patient can vary greatly, and massage therapists must make great efforts during work. Weak construction quickly crumbles. The convenience of the table is strongly reflected in the work of the massage therapist and the effect of the service provided.

Sturdy and reliable stationary massage table

On an uncomfortable chair, the patient cannot relax, nullifying the procedures performed. Due to health problems, a person cannot always turn his head, a neckline for such a patient will be a salvation. As well as for women who want to keep their make-up.

Comfortable couch with face cutout for massage parlor

Massage tables are divided into stationary and folding. Stationary ones are more convenient to use, but take up more space. Their use is relevant in massage rooms and large salons. Therefore, if it is intended to be used at home or at outdoor sessions, a folding table will be more convenient. The frame can be made of metal or wood.

Bright table for massage on a metal frame

The wooden frame is stronger than metal, its manufacture is available at home. Do not choose very bright and dark colors. It is better to choose a shade that helps to relax the patient.

Stationary massage table with legs that allow you to adjust the height and with an inclined section for different types of massage

Required tools:

• carpenter's saw;
• drill;
• stationery knife;
• tape measure (2 m is enough);
• jigsaw with a changing saw cut angle;
• screwdriver;
• pencil;
• square;
• stapler.

Tools for making a couch with your own hands

For work you will need:

• 2 sheets of plywood 9 mm thick, size 600x900 mm;
• 18 m of timber measuring 20x50 mm;
• material for upholstery of the tabletop 1100x2100 mm (preferably leather or a substitute);
• 14 loops 18x50 mm;
• handle, clasp (optional);
• staples to a stapler;
• glue;
• self-tapping screws.

Making a massage table. Step-by-step instruction

1. Table top assembly

We begin work on creating a massage table with countertops. From plywood we cut out two of the same size 600x900 mm. In one of them, using a jigsaw, we cut out a piece of plywood so that we get an oval-shaped hole measuring 180x120 mm.

Drawings for the manufacture of massage table tops

Next, we move on to assembling the frame. The frames must exactly match the size of the plywood. You need to connect the timber to each other with self-tapping screws (45 mm), having previously drilled holes for them. This action will protect the timber from cracking. We fasten the plywood to the frame with screws 20 mm long.

For convenience, we cover the resulting parts with foam rubber and the fabric chosen for this. You should start with foam rubber. Having cut the necessary pieces to the size of the plywood, we fix it with glue on the countertop. If part of the foam rubber protrudes somewhere, it should be cut off using a clerical knife. We upholster the resulting workpiece with leather or its substitute using a stapler. You should start with the long sides, then move on to the short ones, keeping a distance of 10 cm between the staples. On each tabletop, on the short part, the fabric should be fixed to the side, and not under the tabletop. This is where the hinges will be attached.

Hinge attachment point on one of the short sides of each tabletop

1. Massage table legs

With a hacksaw or a jigsaw, it is necessary to cut out sets of blanks 885, 695 and 555 mm from a bar. We make the first two supports by taking 2 beams of 885 mm and 1,555 mm, we fix them with an overlap. Distance to cross bar 760 mm. We cut the ends of the long bars with a jigsaw at an angle of inclination of 41 degrees. The angle may be more obtuse, but the same on all supports.

Drawing of legs for a massage table

The second two parts must be assembled into a wood floor from 2 bars 695 mm and 1,555 mm. At the assembled part, we cut the ends at a 30 degree angle and connect both parts with the help of loops. We check how well it works, if there is any friction. In order not to outweigh the hinges, they should first be attached to the central self-tapping screw, and only after checking, screw them completely.

We connect the supports and fasten with self-tapping screws

1. We collect a couch for massage

We fasten the legs from the timber to the frame

With a pencil, mark the places where the leg loops are attached. We check the build quality and fasten it with screws to the table. On the hinges, it is also necessary to fix the countertop on 4 hinges.

We mark the center lines for the hinges

We fasten the two halves of the table together

1. Spacer for homemade massage table

For the manufacture of spacers, we use a beam of 1060 mm, sawn into two parts, interconnected by a loop. We attach loops to the beam in the middle between the legs, adhering to the middle. The length is selected individually. The height of the table directly depends on this value. You need to pick it up individually, depending on your height.

spacer for homemade table for massage

If the table often has to be moved, for convenience, you can attach a handle and a latch, which can be removed from the old suitcase.

Folded massage table

Comfortable white massage table with wooden frame

Video: DIY couch

For effective massage, knowledge and skillful hands alone are not enough. Much depends on the right massage table. Of course, an ordinary table or a couch can be used for massage, but a specialized massage table is ideal for this. Many years of engineering work and serious clinical trials have made modern massage tables almost perfect:

• in terms of ergonomics,
• achieving maximum relaxation in the massaged person,
• effect during the massage.

There are the following parameters that you need to pay attention to when choosing a massage table.

Table elements

A standard massage table consists of a frame, tabletop, headrest, legs and additional elements.

The frame is made from:

• Become . Such models are very durable, hardy and have a long service life.
• tree. These models are eco-friendly, reliable and stylish.
• aluminum . Often this portable models massage tables due to the lightness of the frame. They are durable, water resistant and mechanical damage.

The standard worktop has a rectangular shape with a possible narrowing in the middle. Massage tables can have up to three sections. The number of sections is chosen based on the procedures and types of massage that will be performed on the table.

1. Single section massage table

A single-section massage table with a monolithic couch can be used for any type of massage. Additional accessories are used to increase operational capabilities. It has an increased load capacity up to 2 tons. The section is height adjustable.

The two-section table has large functionality. On it, you can massage in any position - classic on the stomach, reclining, and even add a lymphatic drainage procedure. The first section is fixed. The second section is raised manually, with the help of an air spring or an electric motor. Useful for cosmetologists, osteopaths and spa masters.

The most functional model of all. All three parts of the table can work independently of each other, rise or fall. On this massage table, you can carry out any procedures related to massage, cosmetology, reflexology, acupuncture and spinal stretching.

Headrests are stationary and removable, which are attached on one side or from any end. They can have a standard or anatomical shape, which has small cutouts that allow you to put your head in such a way that your face does not touch the upholstery. When not needed, the cutouts are closed with special plugs. Cutouts are mainly used for collar massage, allowing the person being massaged to relax completely.

The number of legs is from 4 to 8, where the first 4 are the main ones, and the rest are auxiliary and are used for greater reliability.

To additional elements relate:

• side armrests,
• hand shelves,
• U-shaped pillows to adjust the position of the neck and shoulders,
• roller under the back, for the neck, for the knees or feet,
• shelves for towels, sheets, oils and other massage accessories.

Dimensions

For a comfortable massage of people of different builds, it is better to choose a wide table, but narrow enough for free access to any part of the massaged body. In order to choose a suitable massage table in size, you need to come very close to the table and turn around in the lumbar region. In this position, the shoulders of the massage therapist should be aligned parallel to the hips of the massaged, and the hands should be parallel to the spine.

Width

The most popular tables are 70 or 76 cm wide. Narrower models are suitable for people of small stature who are uncomfortable working at a standard-sized massage table. An interesting version of the model tapering in the middle in the shape of an hourglass. This design will allow you to approach the massaged person much closer from the side and at the same time will not cause him discomfort due to the rather wide ends of the table.

Length

The standard length of the massage table is 185 cm. Suitable for most people. Therefore, a beauty salon is recommended to take just such a table. Models with a special hole for the face lengthen the size of any table by 20 cm. Therefore, a standard massage table of this type will be 205 cm long.

What else is important to know about choosing the length of the massage table? A table that is too short will create discomfort for the person being massaged, but will save on the width of the table, which will be convenient for an energetic and mobile masseur. Too long a table will only complicate the massage process.

Adjustable height

Most modern massage tables are height adjustable. For comfortable work, it is better to choose a table with adjustment in the range of 60-80 cm. It is also important to pay attention to the time to adjust the desired height. This process should not exceed 3 minutes. There are 2 types of height adjustment mechanisms:

• Telescopic leg adjustment system. It can be found in aluminum massage tables. Outwardly, this mechanism is similar to the devices used in medical crutches. Changing the height with this mechanism is very simple, just press a special button and fix the table at the desired height.
• Screw-down buttons on the legs. With this mechanism, setting the desired height takes a little longer than the previous one, but no more than two minutes. The massage table, depending on the price, can have either one or 2 buttons, which must first be unscrewed to set the desired height, and then screwed to fix the height.

The weight

The weight of the massage table is best chosen based on its future use. It is better for a masseur to go to a massage session with his table to focus on a weight of 10 to 20 kg. It is also desirable that the design of the table be foldable for more convenient transportation. Similar models are more expensive than usual wooden tables because they are made of aluminum. If the table is too heavy for the user, then a special wheelchair can be used for transportation. If the table is not planned to be moved and transported, then the weight of the table does not play a special role.

Payload

The weight that the massage table can withstand on the surface and on individual parts must be selected several times with a margin. The maximum weight of the massaged summed up with the efforts of the massage therapist should not exceed 1/3 of the payload value. Otherwise, a quick breakdown of the table is guaranteed.

Filler thickness

The greater the thickness of the filler, the longer the massage table will last and does not become thinner over time. Also, this indicator affects the level of comfort massaged during the massage. Polyurethane, foam rubber or a mixed type with a thickness of 5-7 cm is used as a filler. Any option should be durable and have good cushioning properties.

massage table upholstery

Today, upholstery does not play a role when choosing a massage table. Many people prefer to use separate, removable covers that can be easily removed and washed. Usually, the upholstery for a massage table is made of artificial leather:

1. Vinyl upholstery.

A very popular and commonly used synthetic leatherette. According to its qualities, it is strong, durable, resistant to water and oils. Its main disadvantage is that it wears out quickly with frequent use.

2. Polyurethane upholstery.

In terms of characteristics and properties, it is more similar to real leather than other synthetic materials. It is soft and pleasant to the touch. The quality is very durable. Of the minuses - low resistance to water and oils, which, if they get on the upholstery, will quickly damage it.

3. Arpatek.

This is premium material. Used for upholstery of expensive models. Very hygienic. Just like genuine leather, it cannot accumulate pathogenic surfaces on its surface, because. the structure of the material is not porous and does not have microcracks.

The main requirements for coating materials are that they must be:

• durable,
• resistant to abrasion and mechanical damage,
• pleasant to the touch,
• beautiful,
• not requiring special care.

Drive unit

The presence of a pneumatic spring or hydraulic drive will simplify the setting of the table and help you change the height of the table right during the massage, which will increase the wear of the legs. When choosing a massage table, it is important to consider that the electric motor increases the cost of the table by 50%.

cable system

It is recommended to choose portable massage tables with this system, which is also known as the tensor cable system. It is needed to give more stability and reliability to folding massage tables, fixing the legs and preventing the table from moving forward or backward.

Warranty

When buying a massage table, make sure you get the branded guarantee term at least 1 year. Some manufacturers provide warranties up to 36 months.

It is important to know that massage tables, as a rule, are not subject to exchange and return. An exchange of a model or a refund of the money paid is possible only within 14 days from the date of purchase of the goods and only if the examination proves that the manufacturer or seller is to blame for the appearance of defects.

Features of choosing a folding portable table

The portable table is designed for visiting specialists (masseurs, cosmetologists, chiropractors, osteopaths, depilation masters), because. unprofessional surface is contraindicated for massage. Not only will the massage not be carried out effectively, but there may be problems with the spine and lower back of the person being massaged. Portable tables fold into a suitcase, conveniently carried and placed in the trunk of a car.

When choosing a folding table, you need to make sure:

• that it simply unfolds into a working position;
• stable, motionless and reliable in the open position;
• withstands the necessary load (the weight of the person being massaged and the massage therapist);
• easily adjustable in height from 65 to 90 cm;
• width no less than a table 60 cm. and no more 70 cm.
• height table is 180-190 cm.
• easily transported.

The weight

The weight folding table should not exceed 15 kg. The weight of a folding massage table depends on the material from which it is made:

• The carbon fiber table weighs approx. 7 kg.
• Dural table weighs approx. 10 kg.
• The steel table weighs approx. 20 kg.

Accessories

Depending on the configuration, the folding table may have additional devices:

• headrest (should be easily attached to the table and the angle of inclination should be adjusted);
• armrests;
• roller;
• holes for the face;
• protective caps on the legs (to prevent possible damage to the flooring).

Sections in folding massage tables

At portable massage tables can be no more than two sections: main and lifting. Parts folding the table and accessories are not sections.

Whether you are a beginner or an expert in the field of massage, the right massage table is the key to successful work. Workplace any master must meet certain requirements that contribute to comfortable work. An ordinary daybed will not work, because it often lacks a headrest with a hole for the face. Because of this, a person has to lie in one position for an hour with his head turned to the side, and after the session, experience discomfort from a stiff neck. The client should always be comfortable, because. the comfort and quality of the master's work is a guarantee that a person will continue to apply for the services of a massage therapist to you. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to choose a professional massage table.

Stationary tables are quite large. Due to their heavy weight, it is problematic to move them, so this type of equipment is used more often in specialized clinics and salons. By standard, stationary tables have a comfortable headrest, the position of which can be changed in accordance with the wishes of the visitor and the zone chosen for massage. This working inventory is of high quality, because. made of solid wood and durable metals, which explains the high cost.

Folding tables are quite popular among private massage therapists, those who receive at home. This choice is based on the low cost of the model and ease of transportation. The working device of this type is relatively small in size (no more than 20 kg) and has a mechanism that allows it to fold in a certain way. The position and height of the legs, which also unfold, can be adjusted, so that the folding table stands firmly even on a clumsy surface. Tables that fold and unfold are made from inexpensive metals and medium quality wood.

More simple option portable design is a massage couch. They are light, inexpensive and do not contain additional mechanisms. Some models can be folded in half.

Representatives of these categories of working equipment can be used for any type of massage.

Advantages

Basically, buyers choose folding massage tables, which is convenient for massage therapists who go home. The main advantages of a folding workplace:

• Thanks to the strong aluminum support, the device can withstand weights of more than 200 kg;
• Aluminum is resistant to corrosion damage;
• Wooden support is sustainable and more environmentally friendly;
• Thin coating helps to reduce the weight of the device;
• Has the ability to fold compactly;
• Can be installed anywhere;
• The main sections are adjustable as needed;
• The package contains removable armrests and a headrest with a plug for a head hole;
• They have a warranty card.

For work in a humid environment, in order to avoid early damage to the equipment, a special folding model made of bamboo was created.

When a specialist has a large flow of clients, which often happens in massage parlors, it is better to give preference to stationary tables, because:

• Withstand weight up to 1000 kg;
• They have a large number of sections, due to which the effect of the massage increases;
• There is a holder for massage and cleaning products;
• The lifting of the structure is carried out due to the foot pedal, which is convenient to use;
• There is a wide variety of designs.

There are massage tables for pregnant women and obese people. It is also possible to purchase children's massage places.

Possible problems

When choosing a massage table, buyers face some problems. Each category has its own list of disadvantages. Folding models are characterized by the following weaknesses:

• Rope cages are unstable under heavy load. If the weight transfer is unsuccessful, the table may fold in half.
• These frames prevent the specialist from moving freely during work.
• The absence of a plug in the face hole can bring discomfort client.
• Any extra sections add weight to the fixture and make the structure less stable.
• 20 kg couches are difficult to carry, and 12 kg testify to the poor quality of construction and its unreliability.
• Too wide dimensions make the transportation of the table more problematic.
• Poor quality upholstery brings discomfort to the client. Cheap materials can make the patient sweat more or feel cold.
• Multi-node adjustable legs quickly lose reliability and are prone to breakage.
• Not suitable for a large flow of people - materials wear out and deteriorate quickly.

When using stationary structures, the following problems are encountered:

• Often there is no mechanism responsible for lifting.
• If a lifting device is present, then without an electric motor, which complicates the work of the master.
• Most models do not have wheels, which makes moving the table a difficult task.

For massage parlors with a large number of visitors, it is better to purchase several tables of each type.

Which one fits better

Portable massage table good quality should have:

• Small in width surface;
• Sturdy metal frame;
• Adjustable legs with one knot;
• High quality upholstery;
• Headrest with cap;
• Only the main sections without frills;
• Carrying case.

When choosing stationary massage equipment, pay attention to the fact that:

• The surface of the table should not be wide;
• There must be a stable X-frame with an electric motor for easy height adjustment;
• The head restraint must have an adjustment mechanism;
• The coating on the massage table must be of high quality;
• Wheels on legs must be present to be able to change the position of the table;
• There should be a stand for disposable diapers and massage products.

It is better to choose stationary type equipment with a large number of sections and an electric drive for ergonomics.

How to choose a massage table

The main criteria for choosing equipment for massage are the technical characteristics and properties during operation.

First you need to decide where you will receive your visitors. If you are going to get an official position in a specialized hospital, then it is better to give preference to stationary models. Folding models are suitable for frequent practice.

Next, pay attention to the upholstery material. The client will be most comfortable on soft fabric or leather upholstery with cotton impurities. On such a surface, bulges or folds formed during the massage are least felt.

It is better to choose a filler of medium hardness. So that the visitor does not fall into the bowels of the massage surface and does not feel pain from the filler during the intensive work of the specialist.

It is equally important to familiarize yourself with the stability parameter. Stationary tables have a strong steel or combined construction, which contributes to a good fixation of the equipment. When purchasing folding models, you should check the support. The table should not stagger and creak when exposed to it.

It is also necessary to familiarize yourself with the list of manufacturers and the characteristics of their products. This is necessary in order not to fall for the tricks of some sellers who offer to purchase low-quality models, passing them off as products of expensive foreign companies. The package should include a warranty card and a certificate stating that the equipment is intended for medical purposes.

Features to consider when choosing

Massage devices have several important criteria to consider when purchasing.

The width of the table surface should be in the range of 50-80 cm. The standard width is about 75 cm. This is due to the fact that when large sizes countertop masseur will experience inconvenience in work, which will affect the quality of the massage. The advantage of narrow massage tables is the presence of adjustable armrests.

The range in which the length of the countertop varies is 180-220 cm. The most optimal size- 185 cm, because the client must fit on the table at full height.

The height parameter, which affects the convenience and quality of the massage therapist's work, should be in the range from 55 to 85 cm.

There are 3 types of mechanism that adjust the legs of the massage table:

• Telescopic legs are mounted on tables with a steel frame. A special button is used to select the height.
• to tables with wooden frame swiveling legs attached.
• Stationary massage structures are equipped with a system of hydraulic regulation of the lifting height.

Massage tables come in the shape of a rectangle or an hourglass. The latter are more convenient, because allow during the procedure to approach the client at the distance necessary for the master.

The more complex the table device, the more sections it has. Most models have no more than 3 sections. The simplest version of the table is single-section. It has no moving parts. There are also two-section models equipped with a lifting mechanism in the headrest or from the side of the legs. The three-section table provides a division of the surface into two moving parts and an adjustable headrest. Such equipment helps to take the positions necessary for massage. But their cost is much higher.

When buying a device, you should pay attention to the load capacity parameter. Basically, all massage devices can withstand 200 kg. But you should not sit too abruptly on the countertop or jump off it. This can lead to loosening of the legs and an immediate malfunction of the equipment.

Movement is also very important. When the massage table is heavy enough, wheels on legs are needed to facilitate the transportation of the equipment.

In stationary models, it is necessary to have additional accessories in the form of a cabinet or holder on which massage oils, pillows, rollers and disposable sheets will be stored.

You must have a warranty card for medical equipment. Basically, the warranty is issued by the manufacturer for 3 years from the date of purchase of the goods. In the event that a malfunction of the device occurs during the warranty period, the manufacturer is obliged at the expense of the company to ensure the replacement of non-working parts or the entire structure. For repair work, the product is accepted only in the packaging from the manufacturer's company, provided that the buyer provides a warranty card. All repair manipulations after the expiration of the period indicated in the warranty card are paid by the buyer. Soft parts are not covered by the warranty. Attempting to repair the mechanism yourself will void the warranty.

Manufacturers

Tables for massage are made by domestic and foreign firms. Manufacturers of tables are guided by a different approach to the manufacture of goods. To date, models of massage devices combine excellent quality and relatively low cost.

Prestigious beauty salons and massage complexes can afford equipment from the Italian manufacturer Anatomico, which has been tested by the best doctors throughout the country. The table has a discreet, simple design. It is made of aluminum frame combined with wood. The upholstery is made from premium material.

The domestic manufacturer DFC, in tandem with Chinese colleagues, is working on the production of specialized equipment for sports and medical complexes. Functional folding devices combine quality materials and stylish design with a variety of colors.

The Finnish company FysioTech specializes in the manufacture of equipment for physiotherapists' offices. Thanks to laser cutting technology, the body of the product is more stable. Manufacturers issue a 10-year warranty when purchasing their products.

The American manufacturer USMedica produces equipment that improves physical and psychological state organism. Used in development modern technologies and designs. The company delivers the goods in the shortest period of time.

The Japanese company Yamaguchi develops massage equipment and beauty devices that have fashion design and equipped with a variety of electronic devices. They also differ in that they are easy to wash, and delivery is carried out at the expense of the company.

Gelioks massage products from a Russian manufacturer have built-in electric motors from German partners. The load capacity is 800 kg. The upholstery is made of eco-leather from Vowalon.

Massage tables are an integral part of the successful and high-quality work of each specialist. The main parameters that you should pay attention to when buying massage equipment are the width and length of the tabletop, the presence of additional sections and accessories, the possibility of transportation, the availability of a warranty card and the company of manufacturers.

It is generally recognized that classical massage, referred to throughout the world as Russian, is one of the most natural, natural and effective means of training athletes, improving health, preventing and treating various diseases, as well as improving aesthetics. human body. At the same time, we must not forget that performing Russian massage for a whole working day or shift, the duration of which when working with athletes can reach 12-15 hours a day, is tiring, even for trained experienced specialists, hard physical labor, the organization of which requires full and comprehensive scientific justification. However, despite such an obvious relevance of this problem, until recently, the range of issues related to improving the efficiency and preventive prevention of professionally caused diseases of massage therapists was not studied at the proper level, and therefore, there were no scientifically based and clearly formulated recommendations for rational organization of work of specialists of this profile. As our analysis of domestic and foreign textbooks and manuals on classical massage revealed, in most cases, the statements of the authors on this issue are unsubstantiated subjective-empirical, often mutually exclusive, and moreover, often completely contradict modern views of biomechanics, requirements occupational health and ergonomics. This state of affairs, completely unacceptable for scientific and educational discipline, prompted us to undertake our own comprehensive research, the purpose of which is to develop, justify and introduce into the pedagogical process and the practical sphere of massage, extremely accurate, effective and accessible for the implementation of recommendations for maintaining health and improving efficiency. massage therapists.

Of decisive importance for the ergonomics of the massage therapist's workplace is optimally adjusted, which is the main element in equipping Russian massage rooms. The correctness of adjusting its size largely determines the working conditions of the massage therapist, i.e. his working posture will be ergonomically rational and functionally comfortable, or vice versa - forced, leading to rapid fatigue. Our critical analysis of a large number of textbooks and manuals on classical massage - at present, a whole spectrum coexists at the same time, including diametrically opposed opinions about the optimal height of the massage table. The authors' recommendations on this issue have fairly wide limits: from 50 (or at the level of the knee joints) to 90 cm (Table 1), while most publications indicate only a certain range of possible sizes (50-70 or 70-90 cm) , without any further explanation. Methods for adjusting the height of the table, taking into account the height and length of the massage therapist's hands, are extremely rare, and they often contradict the principles and standards of ergonomics and occupational health.

As can be clearly seen from Fig. 1, in relation to the anthropometric dimensions of the human body, the range of 40 centimeters is a significant value, suggesting working poses that are completely different in design, some of which even according to formal features (Gorshkov S.I., 1979; Strelkov Yu.K., 2003) can classified as forced, inconvenient. And finally, there is the Industry Safety Standard for Departments and Physiotherapy Rooms - OST 42-21-16-86 SSBT, which unambiguously determines that the height of the massage table should be 80 cm, length 1.95-2.00 m, width 0.65 see, the ergonomic justification of which, in the available literature, we could not find.
In the process of research conducted on the basis of the Russian State University physical education, sports and tourism (Moscow), we studied 4 variants of the working posture "standing", which were modeled by adjusting the height of the massage table in accordance with the individual anthropometric data of each of the subjects:

Rice. 2. Working postures modeled during the study (explanations in the text).

Working Pose 1 (RP-1) - a table at the level of the knee joints (Fig. 2-a);
- Working Pose 2 (RP-2) - a table at the level of the finger point, i.e. the arm is freely lowered, the fingers are fully extended and touch the table bed (Fig. 2-b);
- Working Pose 3 (RP-3) - a table at the level of the phalangeal point, i.e. the hand is freely lowered, the fingers are clenched into a fist and touch the back of the bed of the table (Fig. 2-c);
- Working Pose 4 (RP-4) - a table at the level of the styloid process of the radius (Fig. 2-d).
Thus, we have evenly covered the entire range of recommendations on the size of the massage table. As a standard workload, the subjects performed a 45-minute session of general hygienic massage according to the A.A. Biryukova (2006). With the help of the multifunctional computer electrophysiological complex "I-330-C2+" (J+J Engineering, USA), the following were recorded: heart rate (HR), depth and frequency of respiration, bioelectrical activity of the muscles directly involved in maintaining working postures (sacrospinous , gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, trapezius, deltoid, biceps brachii). At the same time, goniometric, photogoniometric measurements, psychophysiological testing and a questionnaire survey of the subjects, as well as pedagogical observation were carried out. In total (to date), more than 150 subjects from the number of students and trainees of massage courses at RGUFKSiT have taken part in the studies, which allows us to reasonably assert the statistical reliability of the data obtained.

Rice. 3. Optimal working posture (perpendicular starting position).
The results of our study convincingly proved that from the point of view of physiology, biomechanics and ergonomics, the most rational options for performing Russian classical massage were the work of a specialist in RP-2 (table height at the level of the finger point) and RP-3 (table height at the level of the phalangeal dots), in which the torso inclination did not exceed 15–20° (Fig. 3). Comparative analysis showed that the bioelectrical activity of muscles in RP-2,-3 had the least differences from the data recorded in a calm, comfortable standing position (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. The amplitude of the bioelectrical activity of some skeletal muscles during work in the optimal posture and in a comfortable “standing” position.

It is fundamentally important that during the entire 45-minute session, the amplitude and frequency spectrum of electromyographic signals did not change significantly, which indicated (Moikin Yu.V. et al., 1987; Rozhentsov V.V., Polevshchikov M.M., 2006 ) about the absence of even primary signs of neuromuscular fatigue, that is, about a relatively low load on the skeletal muscles that fix these postures.
In RP-2,-3, working hyperventilation was carried out mainly due to an increase in the depth of breathing by 210±24% (compared to rest) and a slight increase in the respiratory rate by 2-4 cycles/min, i.e. according to the most advantageous variant of mobilization of external respiration reserves during cyclic physical work (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Pneumogram (graphic registration of amplitude and frequency parameters of chest movement, reflecting the dynamics of respiratory movements) during massaging in the optimal working position.

Breathing was rhythmic. A joint analysis of pneumo- and electromyograms showed that in these working postures, the respiratory act was organically inscribed “into the fabric” of the movements performed by the hands, making up a single ensemble with it - a dynamic stereotype.
With the beginning of massaging, the heart rate increased compared to the pre-working state (68±6 beats/min) by 70.5% (up to 116±11 beats/min) and remained within these limits until the end of the session.
According to the questionnaire survey, RP-2,-3 were characterized by the subjects not only as somatically (bodily) comfortable, but also as the most convenient for performing massage techniques. Photogoniometric measurements have shown that the subjective convenience of performing techniques noted by massage therapists has a well-defined biomechanical foundation.
Firstly, in these working postures, a biomechanically advantageous spatial arrangement of the body of a specialist, the links of his arms and the massaged area was created relative to each other. Shoulder-forearm-masseur's hand and massaged area were arranged in descending order. On average, the angle of flexion in the shoulder joint (counting in accordance with the international methodology - SFTR) was 20-25°, abduction of the shoulder from the body did not exceed 15-20°, flexion at the elbow 20-30° (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Mutual arrangement of the links of the biokinematic chain of the body-shoulder-forearm-masseur's hand in the optimal working position.

As the results of electromyography showed, such a mutual position required the optimal expenditure of muscle energy to keep the hands in the working position and made it possible to fully relax the muscles that are not involved in the performance of the entire technique or its individual phases (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Electromyograms when the massage therapist performs “double ring kneading”: t is the period of performing one pass of “double ring kneading”. The main working movement "move the arm forward" is performed due to the activity of the triceps m. of the shoulder. The activity of the biceps of the shoulder is only required to return the arm to its original position.

To put it in terms from the physiology of labor, the working muscles had micropauses of rest, which significantly delayed the onset of their local fatigue.
Secondly, at the optimal height of the table, the massage therapist's hand, which is in contact with the patient's body, occupies the most advantageous position in relation to the forearm. Normally, flexion of the fingers is accompanied by simultaneous extension in the wrist joint, within 20-30° (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Stabilization of the wrist with the movement of the fingers. From the point of view of biomechanics, this synkinesis is largely due to the need to compensate for the passive insufficiency of the extensor fingers (Mateev I.B., Banks S.D., 1981).

Such synkinesis is deeply fixed in the human central nervous system, and is biologically expedient, since it directs the plane of the palm against the object to be grasped. The strength of the hand grips reaches its maximum values ​​in the case when the extension angle in the wrist joint is 30-40°. If the hand is in a neutral position or, which is much worse, in a flexed position, then the mobility of the fingers in the interphalangeal joints deteriorates significantly, and the effective area and strength of most types of grips also decrease (Aruin A.S., Zatsiorsky V.M., 1989 ; Mateev I.B., Bankov S.D., 1981). It is on this biomechanical regularity that most of the methods of disarming the enemy in various martial arts are based. In addition, as studies by A.S. Aruin and V.M. Zatsiorsky (1989), G.N. Mazunina and others (1967), Yu.V. Moikina et al. (1987), with prolonged work with excessive flexion or extension of the hand, the risk of developing professionally conditioned pathological processes in various anatomical structures of the hand and forearm increases dramatically: soft tissues, articular surfaces, ligaments and tendons.
The essence of performing ordinary, double ordinary, double ring kneading, double neck - the most technically complex types of Russian massage techniques and at the same time occupying from 60 to 80% of the total session time, consists in grabbing with the hands, lifting from the bone bed, squeezing and stretching / torsion of the muscle tissue of the massaged area of ​​the patient's body.

Therefore, with very minor reservations, we can assume that the implementation of the above types of kneading is nothing more than a multiple cyclic repetition of various variations of the palmar (open) grip of the hand (Fig. 9) with a compression force of the massaged tissue of about 4-5 kg ​​(Eremushkin M .A., 2004).

Rice. 9. Palmar (open) grip of the hand.

According to goniometric and photogoniometric measurements, when performing the above types of kneading in RP-2,-3, extension in the wrist joint, on average, was 15-30° (Fig. 10), that is, it was the most biomechanically beneficial, which in many respects and predetermined subjective convenience and good technique for performing most of the techniques.

Rice. 10. Biomechanically advantageous mutual position of the biokinematic pair of forearm-hand when performing types of kneading.

Rice. 11. General view of the working posture - 4, the table at the level of the styloid process of the radius.
When modeling RP-4 (Fig. 11) (massage table at the level of the styloid process of the radius), the position of the body of the subjects was almost vertical (inclination less than 10°), however, the arms were constantly in a forcedly elevated position.

Rice. 12. Forced raised position of the arms in the working position - 4: a - the position of the biokinematic pair of shoulder-forearm in relation to the body; b - the mutual position of the biokinematic pair of forearm-hand when performing types of kneading.

The angle of flexion in the shoulder joint (Fig. 12, a) exceeded 50°, and the abduction of the shoulder from the body was 25-30°, which, compared with RP-2,-3, not only increased the amplitude of the bioelectrical activity of the trapezius muscle by more than 5 times , the deltoid muscle by 4-6 times and the biceps of the shoulder by 2 times, but also increased the activity of the sacrospinous muscle by 82±12% and the biceps femoris by 90±8% (Fig. 13).

Rice. 13. The amplitude of the bioelectrical activity of some skeletal muscles when working in the optimal position and working position - 4.

Holding the hands in an elevated position limited the excursion of the chest, making it difficult for the massage therapist to operate the external respiration apparatus. The depth of breathing was 42% less, and the frequency was 26% higher than those in RP-2,-3, i.e. breathing was superficial and rapid (Fig. 14).

Rice. Fig. 14. Pneumogram during double circular kneading: a - in the optimal working position, b - in the working position - 4 with arms raised high.

This fact also has a very specific physiological and biomechanical explanation. Gas exchange in the body is carried out due to rhythmic respiratory movements by changing inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration). At rest and during light work, respiratory movements are provided by the respiratory muscles themselves. In this case, the greatest activity is noted during inhalation in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, and exhalation is carried out more passively, due to the elastic forces that arise when the chest and lungs expand during inhalation. With significant physical exertion, auxiliary respiratory muscles come into play - on inspiration, trapezius and rhomboid, large and small pectoral, sternocleidomastoid, extensors of the back and some others, and on exhalation, the abdominal muscles. At the same time, it should be taken into account that in RP-4, most of the listed muscles developed significant static activity to keep the arms in a raised position, and some also performed dynamic work when performing techniques. Thus, a double and even triple load on these muscles became a very significant factor that limited ventilation of the lungs.
Increased muscle activity and functional tension of the external respiration apparatus naturally affected the activity of the cardiovascular system. In RP-4, the heart rate was 35.3% higher than in RP-2,-3, which in absolute terms was 140±11 beats/min.

Rice. 15. Zones of localization of discomfort sensations (shaded with a grid) during massaging in a working position - 4 (according to a questionnaire survey conducted directly during a 45-minute test massage session).

Subjectively, by the subjects, this working posture was assessed as tiring (Fig. 15) and inconvenient for performing most types of techniques, first of all - various kinds kneading, which also, in the most direct way, was associated with the biomechanical laws we have considered above.
Firstly, holding the arms in a constantly elevated position did not allow the large muscles of the arms: the biceps and triceps of the shoulder to fully relax in micropauses, which is quite contrastingly seen when comparing electromyograms recorded in RP-2 (Fig. 7, a) and RP- 4 (Fig. 7b).
Secondly, photogoniometric measurements revealed that when performing various types of kneading in RP-4, the hand was in a neutral or even slightly bent position by 5-10° in relation to the forearm (Fig. 12), which worsened the mobility of the finger joints and power distal muscles.

Rice. 16. General view of the working posture - 1, a table at the level of the massage therapist's knee joints.

The most irrational of all the simulated working positions was RP-1 (table height at the level of the knee joints), in which the torso inclination reached 30°-45° (Fig. 16), which was 2-3 times higher than the ergonomic norm of 15°, maximum permissible GOST 12.2.033-78 "Workplace when performing work while standing."
Practice shows that correct understanding massage therapists of the essence of this ergonomic norm is an extremely important condition for adequate self-control during work and modeling the most comfortable and safe working conditions, so we will consider this issue in more detail.
With relatively small inclinations of the trunk and head, a certain part of the load on the spine is compensated by increasing the tension of the muscles of the back (mainly the rectifiers of the trunk) and the abdomen (the rectus abdominis and its synergists) (Fig. 17).

Rice. 17. Vertebral motor segment of a vertically standing person, like a lever of the first kind (balance lever) with unequal shoulders. The fulcrum of the lever is the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, and the balance of the system is achieved due to the activity and elastic-viscous properties of the skeletal muscles of the back and abdomen: 1 - iliopsoas m., 2 - m. rectifier of the spine, 3 - square m. of the lower back, 4 - straight m. of the abdomen, 5 - oblique m. of the abdomen.

In this case, the stability and stability of the spine is provided not only with the help of intervertebral discs, joints and a fairly powerful ligamentous apparatus, but also due to the activity of skeletal muscles. According to the well-known domestic specialist in the field of vertebrology, physical rehabilitation and therapeutic physical culture, Professor V.A. Epifanova (2004): “The muscles of the trunk are not only a motor, but also a structural element, without which the strength of the spine differs little from zero.” However, the biomechanics of the human body is such that when the depth of the torso is more than 15-20° from the vertical, these skeletal muscles cease to provide active support to the passive structures of the spine (Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Compression (in Kg) carried by the lumbar intervertebral discs, depending on the person's posture (according to P. Slynchev et al., 1978).

In this situation, the main part of the load is redistributed to the intervertebral discs and joints, and their ligamentous apparatus, which are not functionally intended for long-term performance of such a support function. Over time, such a mechanical effect can cause tissue overstrain syndrome, which manifests itself in compensatory compaction, cohesion, fibrosis of the cartilaginous and ligamentous structures of the spine. First of all, intervertebral discs suffer, which lose their elastic and shock-absorbing properties, microdamages accumulate in them, conditions are created for deformation and subsequent violation of their integrity. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the “switching off” the muscles of the back and abdomen from the process of stabilizing the posture concerns only their support of the spine and does not lead to a decrease in the load on the skeletal muscles themselves. On the contrary, with torso inclinations exceeding 15-20 °, the load on the muscular apparatus increases dramatically (Aruin A.S., Zatsiorsky V.M., 1988; Epifanov V.A., 2004; Gorshkov S.I., 1979; Levit K. et al., 1993), which was also confirmed by our own research.

Rice. 19. The amplitude of the bioelectrical activity of some skeletal muscles when working in the optimal posture and working posture - 1.

Analysis of electromyograms showed (Fig. 19) that the amplitude of the bioelectrical activity of the muscles of the back and legs was already initially higher than in RP-2,-3 (sacrospinous by 4-4.5 times, gluteus maximus by 1.5 times, biceps femur by 2-2.5 times, gastrocnemius by 1.2 times), and its dynamics is typical for the electromyographic picture of pronounced deep fatigue during static efforts (Fig. 20).

Rice. 20. Electromyographic picture of pronounced deep muscle fatigue with static efforts during massaging in working position - 1 and its transformation with the development of muscle fatigue. Subject K., male, 26 years old, experience as a massage therapist for 3 years.

Continuing during the first 30 minutes of massaging, a continuous increase in the amplitude of the bioelectrical activity of the sacrospinous muscle (the "compensated fatigue" phase), then gave way to its sharp decrease in the last third of the session (the "decompensated fatigue" phase). In parallel with this, there was an increase in the activity of the gluteus maximus muscle and the biceps femoris, which initially performed an auxiliary role in maintaining the inclined position of the body and gradually assumed the main load. visually, this process manifested itself as a transformation of posture. In the beginning, despite the deep slope, the contour of the back was fairly even, and the legs were slightly bent at the knees and hips. With the development of muscle fatigue, i.e. as the activity of the sacrospinous muscle decreased, the contour of the back became more and more rounded, and the legs almost completely extended. In addition, as fatigue of the muscles of the back and legs increased, the subjects often stabilized the balance of their body by relying on one of the arms or knee, involuntarily trying to reduce the load on the muscles, at least for a while. Significant tension in the muscles responsible for maintaining the working posture was subjectively assessed by the subjects as a feeling of fatigue, numbness, aching, burning, and pain in the lumbar region, buttocks, and thighs (Fig. 21).

Rice. 21. Zones of localization of uncomfortable sensations (shaded with a grid) when massaging in a working position - 1.

Increased muscle activity forced cardiovascular system function more intensely than in WP-2,-3. The heart rate already at the 1st minute of massaging was 156±4 beats/min (+58.9%), and by 30-45 minutes it increased to 168±4 beats/min (+76.5%). The bent position of the body hampered the activity of the external respiration apparatus. The pneumogram showed that in RP-1 the breathing of the subjects was not only superficial and rapid (the depth of breathing is less by 52%, the respiratory rate is 42% higher than the similar indicators of RP-2, -3), but also non-rhythmic, with delays of 4- 6 seconds (Fig. 22).

Rice. Fig. 22. Pneumogram during double circular kneading in the working position - 1. Small fluctuations in the signal amplitude in the area indicated in the figure as "breath-holding" are due to the rhythmic contraction of the muscles of the chest and back during the performance of techniques, which was recorded by the equipment as a change in the size of the chest.

However, unlike RP-4, the main role in the difficulty of the activity of the external respiration apparatus was played not by the forced position of the arms, but by excessive flexion of the body, which led to limited mobility of the ribs and mechanical pressure on the diaphragm of the abdominal organs.
Along with the above, it must be taken into account that the bent position of the body also leads to compression of the abdominal cavity and pelvis, as well as to difficulty in blood circulation in the portal vein (v. portae). According to L.K. Arzhelas (1927) - according to our data, probably the only domestic specialist who studied the problem of professional morbidity of masseurs, prolonged exposure to the body of these two factors can cause the development of congestion, varicose veins, constipation, hemorrhoids, weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, and in women - various gynecological pathologies.
Thus, based on the generalization and analysis of the data obtained, we recommend the following method for determining the optimal (i.e., the most suitable for this particular person) height of the massage table: the specialist needs to stand close to its edge, the feet and knees of fully extended legs should touch each other. friend, keep the torso straight, expand the shoulders, freely lower the arms down (Fig. 23).

Rice. 23. Determination of the optimal height of the massage table in accordance with the individual anthropometric data of the massage therapist.

The height of the table is within the optimal limits if its surface is located within the range limited by the following anthropometric points (landmarks): from below - the finger point (the tip of the nail phalanx of the 3rd finger), from above - the phalangeal point (the back of the middle phalanxes of fingers clenched into a fist) .
In accordance with the most current data on static and dynamic anthropometric features of the human body of residents of the European part of Russia (Strelkov Yu.K., 2003; Strokina A.N., Pakhomova V.A., 1999), as well as the results of our own anthropometric measurements (Fig. 1), the average height of men is 175 cm (the height of the finger point above the floor is 66 cm, the phalanx is 77 cm), and women is 163 cm (the height of the finger point above the floor is 63 cm, the phalanx is 73 cm ). Based on this information, focused on Russian market manufacturers of specialized furniture for massage rooms should produce massage tables, the height of which is adjustable at least in the range of 60-80 cm. If this condition is met, more than 90% of massage therapists (men and women) will be able to work in optimal conditions.
We would like to draw special attention of all competent specialists to the need to make ergonomically justified adjustments to the Industry standard for organizing massage in medical institutions OST 42-21-16-86 SSBT, since the table height of 80 cm indicated in it is too high, not only more than for 95% of women (80 cm approximately corresponds to the level of the styloid process of the radius), but is also the upper limit of the optimal range for men.
For more accurate table height adjustment, it is advisable to be guided by the following criteria.

Rice. Fig. 24. Options for adjusting the height of the table depending on the transverse-sagittal dimensions of the massaged body: a - the table at the level of the finger point (the lower limit of the optimal range); b - table at the level of the phalangeal point (upper limit of the optimal range).

In the case when it is necessary to perform techniques with a high intensity (i.e. depth) of impact on tissues: massaging a person with developed muscles or significant fat deposits (Fig. 24, a), it is recommended to adjust the height of the table at the level of the finger point. The surface of the massaged area will be located slightly below the general center of gravity of the massage therapist's body, which allows you to increase the intensity of the impact not only by increasing muscle effort, but also due to effective use weight and inertia of the movement of the body. It is important that in this case the specialist does not lose balance (ie does not fall on the patient) and can accurately control the applied efforts and the intensity of the impact.

Rice. 25. When massaging a child whose body size is much smaller than the body size of an adult, the height of the table should be at the level of the phalangeal point (the upper limit of the optimal range).

If during the session it is not supposed to perform techniques with great strength and intensity: some private massage techniques for diseases, massage of a child (Fig. 25), or the transverse-sagittal dimensions of the patient's body are small (Fig. 24, b), then it is more expedient to choose a height table at the level of the phalangeal point so that the tilt of the torso is minimal.
Another important ergonomic parameter of the massage table is its width. The table should be wide enough (spacious) for a comfortable, absolutely relaxed position of the patient on it, but at the same time, it must be taken into account that the excessive width of the bed forces the massage therapist to work with a deep inclination of the torso and outstretched arms, in fact, nullifying all efforts to optimize the working posture due to precise adjustment of the table height (Fig. 26).

Rice. 26. Despite the finely adjusted height of the table, its excessively wide bed forces the massage therapist to work in an uncomfortable working position.

Equipment manufacturers are trying to find a compromise between these two requirements, giving the surface of the bed of the table a complex concave shape or supplying transformable, removable palm rests, armrests.
Based on the results of our own research, practical experience, as well as anthropometric data of Russian residents (Strelkov Yu.K., 2003; Strokina A.N., Pakhomova V.A., 1999), we recommend a table width of 55-65 cm .
We hope that the results of our research will be useful for the widest range of people whose profession is related to massage: teachers educational institutions and courses, practicing massage therapists and of course for those who have just started to study it. In addition, we believe that the data presented in this publication is of interest to the heads of various institutions and organizations (medical, health, sports, SPA industry and beauty salons) that provide massage services, as well as to manufacturers of massage equipment and furniture. .

Table number 1.

1.	Latoguz S.I., 2001, 2007	The height of the massage table should be 5 cm above the massage therapist's knee joint (about 50 cm)
2.	Pogosyan M.M., 2002	50-70 cm
3.	Vasichkin V.I., 1991, 1993	50-70 cm
4.	Kondrashev A.V., Khodarev S.V., Kharlamov E.V., 2005	50-70 cm
5.	Fokin V.N., 2002	60-80 cm
6.	Efimenko P.B., 2001	Standing "quietly", hands at the seams, the ends of straightened fingers should touch the surface of the table (about 66 cm)
7.	Makarov V.A., 1975	70 cm
8.	Sarkizov-Serazini I.M., 1963	70 cm
9.	Tyurin A.M., Vasichkin V.I., 1986	70 cm
10.	Leontiev A.V., 2004	In a standing position, arms are straightened and lowered down, the massage therapist should touch the surface of the table with the middle phalanges of the fingers (about 70 cm)
11.	Kramarenko V.K., 1953	70-75cm
12.	Dunaev I.V., 2000	In a standing position, arms are straightened and lowered down, fingers gathered into a fist should touch the surface of the table with the back of the main phalanges (about 75-77 cm)
13.	Kunichev L.A., 1984	70-75 cm,
14.	Zabludovsky I.Z., 1903	77 cm
15.	Dalikho V.A., Hase H., Krauss G., Reichert H., Schumann N.L., 1983	75-80 cm, the height must be stable for stability reasons
16.	Belaya N.A., 2001	80 cm
17.	Verbov A.F., 1966	80 cm
18.	OST 42-21-16-86 SSBT	80 cm
19.	Shterengerts A.E., Belaya N.A., 1992	70-90 cm
20.	Dubrovsky V.I., 2001	70-90 cm