Sanitary and hygienic requirements of the informatics office. Requirements for the office of informatics and computer technology 5 requirements for the office of informatics

21.04.2020

Sanitary and hygienic requirements Optimum parameters Permissible parameters Temperature, С Relative humidity, % Temperature, С Relative humidity, % When equipping and using computer rooms, it is extremely important to strictly observe sanitary rules and regulations designed to prevent adverse effects on humans of harmful factors accompanying work with video display terminals (VDT) and PC. The table shows the indicators of temperature and humidity conditions: Chapter 1. Requirements for an informatics cabinet.

Requirements for the premises of the IWT office Room for the computer science and information technologies must meet the requirements of the current Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN). The room must be equipped standard equipment, including technical means education specified in these requirements, as well as specialized educational furniture. Height not less than 4 m. Area not less than 6 sq.m. Chapter 1. Requirements for the office of computer science.

Requirements for a set of furniture in the classroom Computer equipment should be placed on special tables that provide: tilt angle and monitor stand; keyboard stand at a level comfortable for the hands of working students; a width sufficient to accommodate all the devices of the computer; sufficient distance (at least 60 cm) from the students' eyes to the monitor surface. The chairs on which students should work should be as follows: height-adjustable seats (take into account the height of students), turn (position regulation), height-adjustable backrests (height-adjustable support to relieve the load from the lumbar section of the worker). Chapter 1. Requirements for the office of computer science.

Requirements for the organization of workplaces for teachers and students Furniture group Height of the front edge of the chair seat, mm Growth group, mm Marking color Table height, mm up to 1600 Red up to 1750 Green up to 1800 Blue 760 The cabinet must have furniture for: - organization of the teacher's workplace; - organization of workplaces for students; - for rational placement and storage of teaching aids; - to organize the use of equipment. Tables and chairs should be of different height groups with color indication: Chapter 1. Requirements for the computer science cabinet.

Requirements for equipping the office with equipment The room must be equipped with all necessary equipment: 1) Computers - The number of student PCs required to equip the ICT room should be at the rate of one machine per student + one machine for the teacher screen. Chapter 1. Requirements for the office of computer science.

Rules of conduct in a computer class 1) You can not come to class in dirty shoes and clothes. There must be cleanliness in the computer science classroom. This is necessary for the normal operation of computers. 2) Do not bring food into the computer science room, food crumbs and liquid can get into the keyboard and ruin it. 3) It is strictly forbidden to bring and chew chewing gum into the computer science office. 4) Wash your hands before the computer science class. If your fingers are dirty, then the keyboard keys will be just as dirty. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules of conduct in the computer class 5) Maintain discipline in the computer science room. Your prank can damage your computer. 6) Do not press the power button on the computer without the permission of the teacher. This may result in loss of computer performance. 7) Do not touch the wires connected to the computer. This is life threatening and can cause serious damage to your computer. 8) When pressing the keys on the keyboard, do not apply more force. Remember that hitting the keys hard will quickly disable the keyboard. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules of conduct in a computer class 9) Do not touch the monitor even with clean hands, it still leaves traces (fingerprints). Mode of operation The continuous duration of work on the computer should not exceed: For students in grades 1 - 5 - minutes. For students in grades 6-9 - minutes. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules for working in the classroom 1. Follow the rules for turning on and off the computer and peripheral devices. 2. Follow the rules for handling magnetic media. 3. Come into the classroom and start work only as directed by the teacher. 4. Handle the equipment carefully and carefully. 5. Sit down so that your line of sight is in the center of the display screen. 6. Don't make noise in class. 7. Leave packages and bags in the places provided for them. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

In extreme situations In extreme situations (ignition of equipment, wiring, listening to discharges, the appearance of a smell of burning, human injury electric shock): ! Without panic, stop work, inform the teacher. ! Turn off power. ! Follow the instructor's instructions exactly. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

1) Straight back. A well-chosen chair or chair helps a lot to maintain good posture. 2) Shoulders are relaxed, elbows are bent at a right angle. When you place your fingers on the keyboard, your shoulders should not be tense, and your arms should be bent at about a 90-degree angle. 3) The position of the head. The head should be straight with a slight tilt forward. 4) Keep your distance. The distance from the eyes to the monitor screen must be at least 70 cm. Rules for working at a computer 5) Legs. The chair or armchair should have an upholstered seat, knees bent at a right angle, and feet should be flat on the floor. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Mastering touch typing is a very useful keyboard skill. Optimal Height desk or keyboard drawer 68 - 73 cm above the floor. The height of the chair and table should be chosen so as to minimize strain on the muscles of the shoulders, arms and wrists. Rules for working at a computer Wrists can touch the table in front of the keyboard. But in no case should you transfer at least part of your body weight to them. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules for working at a computer 1) The wrist should be straight. Never lean on your wrist on a table. Do not bend the joints of the wrist: it should lie in a natural position. 2) Do not squeeze the mouse with force. This causes unnecessary muscle tension, impairs blood circulation and makes movement difficult. 3) Do not work with your arm fully extended. 4) Various accessories such as mouse pads, pillows and wrist rests only help if used correctly. 5) Some people prefer a regular trackball mouse. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Test for computer workers Instructions: Answer the questions "Yes" or "No". Questions: At the workplace: 1. Do your eyes get tired? 2. Do your shoulders and neck often get numb? 3. Do you feel pain in the eyes when watching the screen for a long time? 4. Is there a temporary deterioration in vision? 5. Do you feel difficulty when moving your arms (including after work)? 6. Do you often have aching pain in the wrists, hands? 7. Are there dizziness, feeling of apathy? 8. Do your eyes water often? 9. Do you feel heaviness in the back of the head? 10. Does it happen that when you look at a white object while working at a computer, it seems pink? Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Test for working at a computer Calculate the total points: For the answer "Yes" assign 1 point, for the answer "No" - 0 points. Results: 0 ... 2 - you have normal health - there are signs of the disease on your face. Beware of prolonged intensive work at the computer. It is recommended to take measures to protect against the disease. 7 ... 10 - you can become seriously ill. There is an urgent need to change the working conditions. Urgent measures must be taken to restore health and improve working conditions as soon as possible. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

2.10. Cabinet of Informatics and Computer Engineering (IVT)
2.10.1. Sanitary and hygienic requirements

2.10.1.1. The premises of the IWT cabinet must have natural and artificial lighting in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.

2.10.1.2. The main stream of natural light should be on the left. The orientation of window openings should be north or northeast. It is not allowed to direct the main luminous flux of natural light behind and in front of the PC operating. With double-sided lighting at a depth of more than 6 m in the cabinet, a right-sided lighting device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.

2.10.1.3. AT lighting installations in the IWT cabinet, a general lighting system should be used, made by ceiling or pendant fluorescent lamps, evenly spaced along the ceiling in rows in the form solid lines on both sides of the desktop with a PC or VDT. Lamps, as well as window light apertures, should not be reflected on the screens of a PC or VDT.

2.10.1.4. The illumination of the surface of student tables under artificial lighting should be in the range of 300-500 lux. Luminaires must have light-scattering fittings.

2.10.1.5. As light sources, it is recommended to use fluorescent lamps with a power of 40W, 58W or energy-saving power of 36W of the LB, LHB type as the most efficient and acceptable in terms of spectral composition.

2.10.1.6. For classrooms with PCs and VDTs, lamps of the LP036 series with high-frequency ballasts (VChPRA) should be used. It is possible to allow the use of luminaires without VChPRA in the "oblique light" modification.

2.10.1.7. In rooms with a PC, due to air pollution by anthropogenic organic substances and carbon dioxide, it is recommended to have supply and exhaust ventilation that provides optimal temperature and humidity conditions for all climatic zones.

Optimal parameters		Valid parameters
Temperature, C	Relative humidity, %	Temperature, C	Relative humidity, %

2.10.1.8. In the absence of supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning can be arranged using domestic air conditioners.

Calculation of air conditioners should be carried out by a ventilation engineer depending on their performance, the amount of heat surplus from cars, people, solar radiation and artificial lighting sources.

2.10.1.9. The IWT cabinet should be equipped with a washbasin with hot and cold water.

2.10.1.10. The power supply of the cabinet must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 28139-89 and PUE.

2.10.1.11. Eyeliner electrical voltage to the tables of students and teachers should be stationary and hidden.

2.10.1.12. Location of electrical panel and Devices protective shutdown should give the teacher the ability to instantly turn off the power supply system. Recommended placement is to the left or right of the chalkboard.

2.10.1.13. To ensure fire safety, the office of the MBT must be equipped with 2 carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (type OU-2).

2.10.1.14. For painting walls and panels should be used bright hues paints (p=0.5-0.6). The composition of the paints must exclude the occurrence of lime dust.

2.10.1.15. The surfaces of the enclosing structures of the cabinet, blackboard, desktops should be matte.

2.10.1.16. The surface of the floor must be smooth, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.

2.10.1.17. The content of harmful chemicals in indoor air using video display terminals (VDTs) and personal electronic computers (PCs) should not exceed the average daily concentrations for atmospheric air.

2.10.1.18. For interior decoration the interior of premises with a PC and VDT is not allowed to use synthetic materials releasing harmful chemicals and compounds into the air. These can be attributed particle boards, laminated paper plastic, washable wallpaper, rolled synthetic coatings, etc.

2.10.1.19. The noise level at the workplace in all classrooms with VDT and PC should not exceed 50 dBA. (Sanitary norms for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development N 3077-84, clause 7.2).

2.10.2. Requirements for the premises of the ICT office

2.10.2.1. The office of informatics and computer technology (MWT) is organized as an educational unit of a secondary general education and vocational school, a training and production plant, equipped with a set of educational computer equipment (KUVT), teaching and visual aids, educational equipment, furniture, office equipment and devices for conducting theoretical and practical, classroom, extra-curricular activities in the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering" (OIVT), both basic and specialized. In addition, KIVT can be used in teaching various subjects, labor training.

2.10.2.2. The area of the premises of the IWT office is determined in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document "Educational and material base educational institution general secondary education" part I. "Norms and requirements for educational buildings and school plots", as well as SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.

2.10.2.3. Placement of KIVT in all educational institutions in the basement and basement is not allowed.

2.10.2.4. The minimum area per one PC must be at least 6 sq.m., and the volume - at least 24.0 cubic meters. with a height of at least 4 m. With a lower height of the training room, it is recommended to increase the area by one workplace.

2.10. 2. 5. At the office of IWT, a laboratory area of at least 18 sq.m. should be organized. The laboratory room should have two exits: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation.

2.10.2.6. The area of the office should allow you to arrange furniture in it in compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.

2.10.2.7. The front wall of the KIVT is equipped with a blackboard for felt-tip pens, a screen, a cabinet for storing visual aids and information media.

2.10.2.8. At the entrance to the IWT office, built-in or wall-mounted cabinets (shelves) for briefcases should be provided.

2.10.2.9. To the left of the blackboard, in the teacher's working area, an electrical switchboard with a control panel for powering the workplaces of the teacher and students should be fixed on the wall.

2.10.2.10. Drawers for tables are installed under the board or separately under the stands. Holders (or a bar with holders) are attached to the upper edge of the board for hanging tables.

2.10.2.11. On the wall opposite the windows, exposition boards with permanent and temporary information are placed.

2.10.2.12. Along the back wall, it is possible to install a sectional cabinet for storing educational equipment and information carriers, depending on the area of the office.

2.10.2.13. Top part the back wall of the classroom should be designed to display the manuals necessary for studying individual topics of the program.

2.10.3. Requirements for a set of furniture in the classroom

2.10.3.1. The office and the laboratory room must be equipped with a certain set of specialized furniture that meets the requirements of GOST 22046-89, which has a certificate of conformity with technical documentation and a hygiene certificate.

The office should have furniture for:

Organization of the teacher's workplace;

Organization of workplaces for students;

For rational placement and storage of teaching aids;

To organize the use of equipment.

2.10.3.2. The laboratory room should have the following furniture: radio editing table, office desk; shelving for storage of tools and a safe.

2.10.3.3. Furniture for organizing a teacher's workplace should include a table with space for equipment (graphic projector) and a computer, a cabinet for a printer, a chair, and a blackboard.

2.10.3.4. Furniture for the organization of students' workplaces includes single student desks for a computer (GOST 11015-93) with chairs of different height groups No. 4,5,6) with color marking with lifting and swivel chairs.

2.10.3.5. Furniture for the rational placement and storage of educational equipment should consist of a combined cabinet in accordance with GOST 18666-95.

2.10.4. Requirements for the organization, jobs of teachers and students

2.10.4.1. The teacher's workplace is located on the podium and is equipped with a table equipped with equipment in accordance with the Lists, two cabinets (for a printer and a graph projector), a blackboard, a screen and an electrical switchboard with a control panel. The teacher's table must be supplied with power to connect a PC, printer, graph projector.

2.10.4.2. Dimensions of the teacher's table: cover length - not less than 1300 mm, mm, width - not less than 700 mm.

2.10.4.3. The pedestals should have 1-2 drawers with dimensions of 350x500x100 mm for accessories, magnetic media and banners based on the current day of classes.

2.10.4.5. Students' workplaces equipped with personal computers (PCs) should consist of a single table and a lifting and swivel chair.

Additionally, the computer science room is equipped with double student tables (GOST 11015-93) in accordance with the number of jobs for students when working on a PC or VDT. Student tables are located in the center and are designed for theoretical classes. Tables and chairs should be of different height groups with color indication.

Furniture group	Chair seat front edge height, mm	Growth group, mm	Marking color	Table height, mm
		1460 to 1600	Red
		1600 to 1750	Green
		1750 to 1800	Blue

2.10.4.6. The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for VDT and PC, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width - 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 mm, depth - 800 and 1000 mm with its unregulated height equal to 725 mm.

2.10.4.7. The student's desk must be connected to the power supply and cable local network. The table must be anchored to the floor.

2.10.4.8. The arrangement of workplaces for students in KIVT should provide free access for students and teachers during the lesson to the workplace.

2.10.4.9. To ensure the safety of students and teachers, electrical safety and the creation of constant levels of illumination during work, a perimeter arrangement of desktops with a PC is recommended (row arrangement of student tables with a PC or VDT is not recommended.

2.10.4.10. The following distances must be observed for the perimeter arrangement of workplaces:

a) by the width of the office:

The distance between the wall with window openings and tables should be at least 0.8 m;

The distance between the wall opposite the window openings and the tables with a PC should be about 0.1 m, and in some cases, depending on the video monitors used, the tables can be installed directly against the wall;

b) along the length of the KIVT tables with a PC can be placed without a gap and with a distance between them.

2.10.4.11. When tables with PCs are arranged in rows, each table must have a protective screen on the back of the video monitor. The screen is attached to the table at a distance of 3-5 cm, its area should be sufficient to protect the power wires.

2.10.4.12. The number of jobs for students can be 9, 12, 15, depending on the class size.

2.10.5. Requirements for equipping the office with equipment and
fixtures.

2.10.5.1. The number of student PCs required to equip the ICT cabinet should be at the rate of one computer per student, taking into account the division of the class into two groups.

2.10.5.2. The IWT cabinet should include one machine for the teacher with appropriate peripheral equipment.

2.10.5.3. The IWT cabinet must be equipped with a graphic projector, a video recorder, a TV set (diagonal not less than 61 cm), a slide projector and a screen.

2.10.5.4. The demonstration TV is mounted 1.5 m from the floor on a bracket to the left of the blackboard.

2.10.5.5. The graphic projector should be located on a pedestal next to the teacher's desk.

2.10.5.6. When demonstrating filmstrips and transparencies (with a screen width of 1.2-1.4 m), the distance from the screen to the first tables of students (for theoretical classes) should be at least 2.7 m, and to the last tables no more than 8.6 m.

The height of the lower edge of the screen above the podium is at least 0.8 m.

The optimal zone for watching TV shows and videos is located at a distance of at least 2.7 m from the TV screen to the first double tables of students (during theoretical classes).

2.10.6. Requirements for equipping the classroom with educational equipment and necessary documentation.

2.10.6.1. The composition of educational equipment in the office of the MVT is determined by the "List of computer equipment, educational equipment, basic and applied software computer science classrooms, classes with VDT and PC in educational institutions of the system of general secondary education.

2.10.6.2. The IT cabinet should be equipped with:

Educational software for the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering", both basic and specialized;

Tasks for the implementation of an individual approach in teaching, organizing independent work and exercises for students on computers;

A set of popular science, reference and methodological literature;

Journal of introductory and periodic safety briefings for students (recommended);

Journal of the use of a set of educational computer equipment at each workplace;

Journal of machine failure and repair;

Holders for demonstrating tables and stands for exhibiting students' work;

An inventory book for accounting for the educational equipment available in the classroom, annual plans for the retrofitting of KIVT approved by the school principal;

pharmacy first aid;

Fire extinguishing equipment.

2.10.6.3. In the IWT office there should be a card file of educational equipment indicating the storage locations.

2.10.7. Requirements for placement and storage of equipment

2.10.7.1. Educational equipment and aids should be placed and stored in a sectional cabinet located in the laboratory and having adjustable shelves and half-shelves, according to the sections of the program.

2.10.7.2. Demonstration aids and DIY equipment should be kept separate.

2.10.7.3. Discs with software should be stored in special small boxes, protected from dust and light, according to classes and sections of the program; the drawers are placed in the cabinet, and the places for storing disks in it are marked with inscriptions.

2.10.7.4. Tables should be stored in boxes under the blackboard or in special compartments according to sections of the program and classes, taking into account the dimensions.

2.10.7.5. Audiovisual aids should be stored on cabinet shelves, filmstrips and transparencies - in stacks with recesses for boxes. Cells and boxes must be labeled.

2.10.7.6. Reference, educational and methodical and popular scientific literature should be stored on the shelves of the cabinet.

2.10.8. Requirements for the interior design of the office of informatics and computer technology

2.10.8.1. The manuals necessary for the study of individual topics, sections of the course, should be exhibited on the wall of the office, opposite the blackboard.

2.10.8.2. For the exposition of books and materials, the cabinet should be equipped with removable stands.

2.10.8.3. On the wall opposite the windows, boards are placed with reference tables permanently located in the classroom, acquainting students with safety regulations, the main computer components and their functions.

2.10.8.4. On one of the walls, along with the stands, a table "Rules for the work of students on a PC and VDT" should be placed.

2.10.8.5. Different fonts can be used in the design of stands: printed and handwritten, Arabic and Gothic. Headings and subheadings should be in the same style.

See the full text of the material Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the office of computer science and ICT in the downloadable file.
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Sanitary requirements. The premises of the IWT cabinet should have natural and artificial lighting in accordance with San. Pi. N. The main stream of natural light should be on the left. The orientation of window openings should be north or northeast. It is not allowed to direct the main luminous flux of natural light behind and in front of the PC operating. With double-sided lighting at a depth of more than 6 m in the cabinet, a right-sided lighting device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.

In the lighting installations of the IWT cabinet, a general lighting system should be used, made by ceiling or pendant fluorescent lamps, evenly spaced along the ceiling in rows in the form of solid lines on both sides of the desktop with a PC or VDT. Lamps, as well as window light apertures, should not be reflected on the screens of a PC or VDT. The illumination of the surface of student tables under artificial lighting should be in the range of 300-500 lux. Luminaires must have light-scattering fittings.

As light sources, it is recommended to use fluorescent lamps with a power of 40 W, 58 W or energy-saving power of 36 W of the LB, LHB type as the most efficient and acceptable in terms of spectral composition. In rooms with a PC, due to air pollution by anthropogenic organic substances and carbon dioxide, it is recommended to have supply and exhaust ventilation that provides optimal temperature and humidity conditions for all climatic zones.

Optimum parameters Temperature, C Permissible parameters Relative temperature, C humidity, % Relative humidity, % 19 62 18 39 20 58 22 31 21 55 - -

In the absence of supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning can be arranged using household air conditioners. Calculation of air conditioners should be carried out by a ventilation engineer depending on their performance, the amount of heat surplus from cars, people, solar radiation and artificial lighting sources.

The IWT office should be equipped with a washbasin with hot and cold water supply. The power supply of the cabinet must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 28139 -89 and PUE. The supply of electrical voltage to the tables of students and teachers must be stationary and hidden. The location of the electrical panel and the Residual Current Device should give the teacher the ability to instantly turn off the power supply system. Recommended placement is to the left or right of the chalkboard.

To ensure fire safety, the office of the MBT must be equipped with 2 carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (type OU-2). For painting walls and panels, light colors of paints should be used (p = 0.5 -0.6). The composition of the paints must exclude the occurrence of lime dust. The surfaces of the enclosing structures of the cabinet, blackboard, desktops should be matte. The surface of the floor must be smooth, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.

The content of harmful chemicals in indoor air using video display terminals (VDTs) and personal electronic computers (PCs) should not exceed the average daily concentrations for atmospheric air. For interior decoration of premises with PCs and VDTs, it is not allowed to use synthetic materials that release harmful chemicals and compounds into the air. These include chipboard, laminated paper plastic, washable wallpaper, rolled synthetic coatings, etc. The noise level at the workplace in all classrooms with VDT and PC should not exceed 50 days BA. (Sanitary norms for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development N 3077 -84, p. 7. 2).

Office requirements. The office of informatics and computer technology is organized as an educational unit of a secondary general education and vocational school, a training and production plant, equipped with a set of educational computer equipment, educational and visual aids, educational equipment, furniture, office equipment and devices for conducting theoretical and practical, classroom, extracurricular classes in the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering", both basic and specialized. . The area of the premises of the ICT office is determined in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document "Educational and material base of an educational institution of general secondary education" part I. "Norms and requirements for educational buildings and school plots. Placing KIVT in all educational institutions in the basement and basement is not allowed .

The minimum area per one PC must be at least 6 square meters. m., and the volume - not less than 24.0 cubic meters. m. with a height of at least 4 m. With a lower height of the training room, it is recommended to increase the area by one workplace. At the office of IWT, a laboratory area of at least 18 square meters should be organized. m. The laboratory room should have two exits: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation. The area of the office should allow you to arrange furniture in it in compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards. The front wall of the KIVT is equipped with a blackboard for felt-tip pens, a screen, a cabinet for storing teaching aids and information media.

At the entrance to the IWT office, built-in or wall-mounted cabinets (shelves) for briefcases should be provided. To the left of the blackboard, in the teacher's working area, an electrical switchboard with a control panel for powering the workplaces of the teacher and students should be fixed on the wall. Drawers for tables are installed under the board or separately under the stands. Holders (or a bar with holders) are attached to the upper edge of the board for hanging tables.

On the wall opposite the windows, exposition boards with permanent and temporary information are placed. Along the back wall, it is possible to install a sectional cabinet for storing educational equipment and information carriers, depending on the area of the office. The upper part of the back wall of the classroom should be designed to display the manuals necessary for studying individual topics of the program.

Requirements for a set of furniture in the classroom. The office and the laboratory room must be equipped with a certain set of specialized furniture that meets the requirements of GOST 22046-89, which has a certificate of conformity with technical documentation and a hygiene certificate. The office must have furniture for: - organization of the teacher's workplace; - organization of workplaces for students; - for rational placement and storage of teaching aids; - to organize the use of equipment.

The laboratory room should have the following furniture: radio editing table, office desk; shelving for storage of tools and a safe. Furniture for organizing a teacher's workplace should include a table with space for equipment (graphic projector) and a computer, a cabinet for a printer, a chair, and a blackboard. Furniture for the organization of students' workplaces includes single student desks for a computer (GOST 11015-93) with chairs of different height groups No. 4, 5, 6) with color marking with lifting and swivel chairs. Furniture for the rational placement and storage of educational equipment should consist of a combined cabinet.

Requirements for the organization, jobs of teachers and students. The teacher's workplace is located on the podium and is equipped with a table equipped with equipment in accordance with the Lists, two cabinets (for a printer and a graph projector), a blackboard, a screen and an electrical switchboard with a control panel. The teacher's table must be supplied with power to connect a PC, printer, graph projector. Dimensions of the teacher's table: cover length - not less than 1300 mm, width - not less than 700 mm.

The pedestals should have 1-2 drawers with dimensions of 350 x 500 x 100 mm for accessories, magnetic media and banners based on the current day of classes. For the MBT office, it is recommended to use a blackboard designed for writing with a felt-tip pen. Students' workplaces equipped with personal computers (PCs) should consist of a single table and a lifting and swivel chair.

Furniture group Chair front edge height, mm Height group, mm Marking color Table height, mm 4 380 1460 to 1600 Red 640 5 420 1600 to 1750 Green 700 6 460 1750 to 1800 Blue 760

The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for VDT and PC, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width - 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 mm, depth - 800 and 1000 mm with its unregulated height equal to 725 mm. The student's desk must be connected to the power supply and the LAN cable. The table must be anchored to the floor. The arrangement of workplaces for students in KIVT should provide free access for students and teachers during the lesson to the workplace.

At the perimeter arrangement of workplaces, the following distances must be observed: a) along the width of the office: - the distance between the wall with window openings and tables must be at least 0.8 m; - the distance between the wall opposite the window openings and the tables with a PC should be about 0.1 m, and in some cases, depending on the video monitors used, the tables can be installed directly against the wall; b) along the length of the KIVT tables with a PC can be placed without a gap and with a distance between them.

When tables with PCs are arranged in rows, each table must have a protective screen on the back of the video monitor. The screen is attached to the table at a distance of 3-5 cm, its area should be sufficient to protect the power wires. The number of jobs for students can be 9, 12, 15, depending on the class size.

Requirements for equipping the office with equipment and devices. The number of student PCs required to equip the ICT cabinet should be at the rate of one computer per student, taking into account the division of the class into two groups. The IWT cabinet should include one machine for the teacher with appropriate peripheral equipment. The IWT cabinet must be equipped with a graphic projector, a video recorder, a TV set (diagonal not less than 61 cm), a slide projector and a screen.

The demonstration TV is mounted 1.5 m from the floor on a bracket to the left of the blackboard. The graphic projector should be located on a pedestal next to the teacher's desk. When demonstrating filmstrips and transparencies (with a screen width of 1.2 -1.4 m), the distance from the screen to the first tables of students (for theoretical classes) should be at least 2.7 m, and to the last tables no more than 8.6 m. The height of the lower edge of the screen above the podium is at least 0.8 m. The optimal viewing area for television programs and videos is located at a distance of at least 2.7 m from the TV screen to the first double tables of students (during theoretical classes).

Requirements for the placement and storage of equipment. Educational equipment and aids should be placed and stored in a sectional cabinet located in the laboratory and having adjustable shelves and half-shelves, according to the sections of the program. Demonstration aids and DIY equipment should be kept separate. Discs with software should be stored in special small boxes, protected from dust and light, according to classes and sections of the program; the drawers are placed in the cabinet, and the places for storing disks in it are marked with inscriptions.

Tables should be stored in boxes under the blackboard or in special compartments according to sections of the program and classes, taking into account the dimensions. Audiovisual aids should be stored on cabinet shelves, filmstrips and transparencies - in stacks with recesses for boxes. Cells and boxes must be labeled. Reference, educational and methodical and popular scientific literature should be stored on the shelves of the cabinet.

requirements for the interior design of the office of informatics and computer technology. The manuals necessary for the study of individual topics, sections of the course, should be exhibited on the wall of the office, opposite the blackboard. . For the exposition of books and materials, the cabinet should be equipped with removable stands. On the wall opposite the windows, boards are placed with reference tables permanently located in the classroom, acquainting students with safety regulations, the main computer components and their functions.

On one of the walls, along with the stands, a table "Rules for the work of students on a PC and VDT" should be placed. Different fonts can be used in the design of stands: printed and handwritten, Arabic and Gothic. Headings and subheadings should be in the same style.

Quite stringent requirements are imposed on the premises of the informatics office, determined primarily by SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96 and SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02. These requirements apply to a number of parameters.

Thus, the placement of an informatics office (as well as any other educational premises) is not allowed in basements and basements.

The floor surface in the office should be flat, without potholes and cracks, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, have antistatic properties and have a plank, parquet or linoleum flooring on an insulated base. The walls must be smooth, allowing them to be cleaned with a wet method.

At the entrance to the informatics office, built-in or wall cabinets (shelves) should be provided for storing student briefcases and bags.

The informatics office must have an adjacent room - a laboratory room - with an area of at least 18 m 2 with two entrances: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation.

Typically, an informatics office is equipped with a security system for the premises, which allows it to be alarmed at the end of work.

The area of the classrooms is taken at the rate of 1 student 2.5 m2 with frontal forms of classes; 3.5 m 2 - for group forms of work and individual lessons (note that the same document limits the occupancy of the class, which should not exceed 25 people).

At the same time, in the informatics office, it is necessary to adhere to norms for placement of computer equipment: 1 PC requires at least 6 m 2 of area 1 and 24 m 3 of volume.

All materials used for interior decoration, soundproofing, etc. Cabinet, must be allowed for use by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. Do not use particle boards, laminated paper, synthetic carpets, etc. that release harmful chemicals into the air.

To finish the classrooms, finishing materials and paints are used that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7-0.8; for walls -0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5.

The following paint colors should be used:

For the walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green,
blue

For furniture (desks, tables, cabinets) - natural wood colors or light green;

For chalkboards - dark green, dark brown;

For doors and window frames - white.

- ((1 Such a calculation will be correct only for full-fledged classrooms equipped with 9-15 computers. So, if there are only 2-3 computers in the computer science classroom of a rural school, then an area of 12-18 m 2 is not enough. The calculation takes into account the number of students (say , 10 people).Then the area of the office should be from 25 to 35 m 2.)

- Lighting. The computer science room should have natural and artificial lighting. Unfavorable lighting conditions make it difficult to work at video terminals and contribute to the formation of deviations in the function of vision.

Daylight should be carried out through windows oriented mainly to the north and northeast. The main stream of natural light should be on the left, possibly on the right. The direction of the main flow of natural light in front and behind is not allowed.

The location of the RMU should exclude direct sunlight, excessive contrast and reflection of light on the display screen. For this purpose, window openings must be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, single-color pleated curtains made of light-colored dense fabric, external visors, etc. There are additional requirements for curtains: their color must be in harmony with the color of the walls and furniture (by no means black), the width is 2 times the width of the windows.

Curtains made of PVC film are not used. In the non-working state, the curtains must be placed in the piers between the windows.

For maximum use daylight and uniform lighting of classrooms should:

Plant trees no closer than 15 m, bushes - no closer than 5 m from the building;

Do not paint over window panes;

Do not place flowers on windowsills. They are placed in portable flower beds high
that 65-70 cm from the floor or hanging planters in window piers;

Cleaning and washing of glasses should be carried out 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).

artificial lighting in the computer science office should be carried out by a system of general uniform lighting.

In the office, a system of general uniform lighting should be used. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-bearing wall at a distance

1.2 m from outer wall and 1.5 m from the inside. General lighting should be performed in the form of continuous lines of lamps located on both sides of the workplaces, parallel to the user's line of sight in the row arrangement of the RMU (Fig. 7).

With a perimeter arrangement of computers, the lines of lamps should be located localized above the desktop closer to its front edge facing the operator.

The monitor screen should be located in the zone of the protective corner of the luminaire and its projection should be outside the screen of the video monitor.

Luminaires should not be reflected on the screen of a PC or VDT, as well as window light openings. Illumination on the surface of the table should be in the range of 300-500 lux.

When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for separate switching on of lighting lines.

“Guidelines for the equipment and use of computer science classrooms, classes with personal electronic computers or video display terminals in educational institutions of the general secondary education system” recommend “using JLPO-36 series lamps with high-frequency ballasts (HF ballasts). It is possible to allow the use of luminaires without HF ballast in the “oblique light” modification.

In the absence of these luminaires, it is allowed to use luminaires with a metal shielding grille and opaque sidewalls for general lighting of series, the preference of which is indicated by the listing sequence:

1. LP013 - 2 x 40 / B - 01; 6. LS005 - 2 x 40 - 003;

2. LP013 - 4 x 40 / B - 01; 7. LS004 - 2 x 36 - 008;

3. LSP13 - 2 x 40 - 06; 8. LP034 - 4 x 36 - 002;

4. LSP13 - 2 x 65 - 06; 9. LP034 -4x58-002;

5. LS005-2x40-001; 10. LP031 - 2x40-002 ".

For general lighting of classrooms, it is recommended to use fluorescent lamps of the following types: LS002-2x40, LP028-2x40, LP0022x40, LP034-4x36, TsSP-5-2x40, as well as other lamps of the type given with similar lighting characteristics and design.

The blackboard, if available in the classroom, should be equipped with spotlights and illuminated by two lamps of the JLPO-125 or LPO-30-40-122 (125) series installed parallel to it. These lamps are placed 0.3 m above the top edge of the board and 0.6 m towards the classroom in front of the board. The illumination of the blackboard should be 500 lux.

To ensure normal lighting in the computer science room, it is necessary to clean the lamps at least twice a year.

In the computer science classroom, optimal microclimate parameters:

Table 15

The office must be equipped with an air conditioning system or an efficient supply and exhaust ventilation.

To increase the humidity in the computer science room, it is recommended to use air humidifiers filled daily with distilled or boiled drinking water. For this, open containers with water can also be used, for example, an aquarium, which will also serve the purposes of aesthetic design of the cabinet.

The area of transoms and vents in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents should function at any time of the year.

The computer science classroom should be ventilated before and after each academic hour of training, which ensures an improvement in the quality of the air, including the air-ion mode. On warm days, it is advisable to conduct classes with open transoms and vents.

SanPiN is also presented noise and vibration requirements in the computer science room: the noise level at the RMU should not exceed 50 dB. Equipment (printers, etc.), the noise levels of which exceed the norms, must be located outside the office.

The computer science cabinet should not border on premises in which noise and vibration levels exceed the normalized values (workshops, gyms, etc.). You can reduce the noise level in the office by using sound-absorbing materials for finishing the room (approved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia). Additional sound absorption is provided by window curtains made of dense fabric.

The document makes the following requirements for passage sizes and distances between pieces of equipment(in cm):

Between the rows of double tables - at least 60;

Between a row of tables and an outer longitudinal wall - at least 50-70;

Between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets,
standing along this wall - at least 50-70;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - not
less than 70; from the rear wall, which is external, - at least 100;

From the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100;

From the first desk to the training board - 240-270;

The greatest distance of the last place of the student from the educational board - 860;

The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor is 80-90;

The angle of visibility of the board (from the edge of the board 3 m long to the middle of the extreme place I teach
at the front table) - not less than 35° for students of the II-III level and not less than 45° for
children 6-7 years old.

When organizing an informatics cabinet, consideration should be given to fire and electrical safety rules.

The power supply of the cabinets (laboratories) should be carried out from a shield with isolation transformers connected to the electrical input through a protective shutdown device (UZOSH).

All used demonstration, laboratory and other electrical appliances must comply with the requirements of the Rules technical operation electrical installations (PTE) and the Safety Regulations (PTB) with voltage up to 1000 V when conducting classes in classrooms (classes) educational institution and practice of students at industrial facilities.

It is forbidden to use home-made devices and apply AC voltage above 42 V and DC voltage above 110 V to laboratory tables (the exception is PCs, which can be supplied with a supply voltage of 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz).

All outlets must be labeled for voltage. All current-carrying parts of electrical appliances must be reliably insulated.

Checking the condition of the elements of the grounding device, the presence of a circuit between the ground loop and the grounding elements, measuring the resistance of the grounding device, electrical networks, electrical appliances and electrical equipment, in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE), is organized annually by the director or the person responsible for the electrical economy of this educational institution with the preparation of an act.

The office of informatics must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment. Fire safety in the office is organized in accordance with the Fire Safety Rules for general education schools, vocational schools, boarding schools, orphanages, preschool, out-of-school and other educational institutions.

In the room of the office and in the laboratory, it is installed according to faucet and sink with hydraulic seal.

The required minimum fire extinguishing equipment for the cabinet includes:

Powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (at least two) placed directly in the office and laboratory or in the immediate vicinity of the office;

A lidded box with dry screened sand with a capacity of 0.05 m3, equipped with a scoop with a capacity of at least 2 kg of sand. Instead of a box, it is allowed to place sand in metal vessels with a capacity of 4-6 kg;

Capes made of fire-retardant fabric measuring 1.2x1.8 m and 0.5x0.5 m.

A fire in the informatics room must be immediately eliminated by first de-energizing the room, while:

Wiring should be extinguished with sand, fire-retardant cloth, powder fire extinguishers;

De-energized equipment can be covered with a fire-retardant cloth, extinguished with powder fire extinguishers;

De-energized electrical wiring can be extinguished with water.
Workplaces for students and teachers

According to , educational premises include: a working area (placement of study tables for students), a teacher’s working area, additional space for placing educational visual aids, technical teaching aids (TUT), an area for individual studies of students and possible vigorous activity.

Optimal dimensions the working area of students depends on the angle of visibility (associated with the distance from the board to the first side rows - desks). It should be at least 35° for students of levels II-III and at least 45° for students aged 6-7.

Placement of workplaces and equipment

For more than fifteen years of studying computer science at school, various ways placement of equipment in the office. Basic requirements for optimal placement:

1) the safety of students, teachers and equipment;

2) convenience for students;

3) convenience for the teacher in terms of lesson management, a combination of various forms
training, organization of control;

4) convenience for maintenance and repair;

5) optimal use of space.

The stated requirements are contradictory. So, the most dangerous zone is the zone of connectors. But access to it is needed for maintenance and repair.

We will consider and evaluate the main options for the placement of student workplaces (SWP), which can be carried out in the following ways:

a) row - historically, the first type of computer placement in the computer science room, in which the tables are arranged in the traditional way (Fig. 8, 27-28).

b) central placement, at which two rows of tables with a PC stand without a break in
the center of the office, and their screens are facing in opposite directions (Fig. 9, 29-30).

in) perimeter placement, in which tables with a PC are located along the walls
cabinet (Fig. 10, 31-35). This accommodation option best meets the requirements
according to SanPiN.

Rice. 8. Row placement of RMU

Rice. 9.Central placement of RMU

Rice. 10. Perimeter placement of RMU

To the placement of RMU the following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed:

Perimeter placement is carried out in compliance with the following distances:
between a wall with window openings and tables with a PC - at least 0.8 m; near the wall,
opposite window openings, tables can be installed directly
or at a distance of 0.1 m;

while doing creative work, requiring significant mental stress or high concentration of attention, RMU should be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5-2 m high;

Row arrangement is possible under the following condition: the distance from the rear along
the top of one monitor to the screen of another should be at least 2 meters;

In any case, the distance between the side surfaces of the video monitors should
be at least 1.2 m.

The arrangement of students' workplaces in the classroom should provide free access for students and teachers during the lesson to the workplace, the possibility of active communication between students and the teacher.

The best option, from the point of view of labor safety and the creation of constant levels of illumination during work, is the perimeter arrangement of desktops with

The article proposes an original
RMU placement option (Fig. 36). On fig. eleven
a fragment of the scheme is presented. Because students
in the classroom you have to change the view quite often
activities (lectures, conversations, practical and
Rice. 11. Author's placement of RMU intermittent work, etc.), the workplace should be organized in such a way that the transition from one mode of operation to another occurs with a minimum waste of time, and most importantly, without weakening attention. This can be achieved by a special arrangement of the table with a computer and desk for each student and their mutual orientation.

Work at a PC or VDT with the above options for arranging workplaces should be carried out with artificial lighting and curtained windows, which makes it possible to provide a constant level of illumination on the desktops.

There are other options for placing the RMU (Appendix 13, Fig. 37, 39). However, they often either do not comply with SanPiN, or are inconvenient for conducting classes, or use the area of the office inefficiently.

For example, such an arrangement of RMU is proposed, in which tables of non-traditional shapes are used. This takes into account the possibility of joint work of students with and without the use of a computer; the possibility of dialogue; isolation of groups relative to each other; the possibility of communication TCO. At the same time, in such classrooms, the need to work with the whole class is not sufficiently taken into account.

In the work it is recommended to use workplaces manufactured by Pitsco, USA (Fig. 37, 39). As can be seen from the figure, the tables of one group are placed at an angle of 90°. A group of 2 people can work at such tables. However, from the point of view of psychology and pedagogy, a group of 3-5 people is optimal for communication and work. Therefore, RMUs are proposed, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 37.

RMU tables are placed at an angle of 120°. In the middle of the workplace there is a PC with all the technical means that are part of the system. Three workplaces are placed next to each other in a circle, forming a training center, behind which 9 students work. The place occupied by the center is a circle with a diameter of 3-3.5 m. The workplaces are divided among themselves by three partitions. This placement allows you to simply organize a local network, all communications are closed and do not interfere with students.

Note that an original and interesting solution in many respects may not be allowed by the SES authorities. In particular, the requirements regarding the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors, orientation relative to window openings, and the number of people working on a PC are not met. Therefore, all author's developments regarding the layout of the computer science classroom and students' workplaces must be carefully thought out, planned and agreed with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities.

New SanPiN impose increased requirements on educational furniture. So, in classrooms, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables can be used. The table arrangement is usually three-row, but two-row or single-row (interlocked) table arrangements are possible.

Students should be provided with a comfortable workplace at a desk or table. in accordance with the growth and condition of vision and hearing. To select furniture according to the height of students, its color marking is made (Table 2). Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Desks (tables) are placed in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are farther away. For children with impaired hearing and vision, desks, regardless of their number, are placed first, and students with reduced visual acuity should be placed in the first row from the windows. Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, sore throats, and colds should be seated further from the outer wall. It seems to us that it will be very difficult to implement the above requirements in a classroom system: tables (desks) will have to be rearranged before each lesson.

Workplaces of students equipped with a PC or VDT, and the organization of their equipment must comply with hygienic requirements Sanitary regulations and norms (SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96 -). The computer science cabinet is equipped with single tables designed to work on a PC or VDT with all the necessary peripheral devices. The tables are supplied with power and a LAN cable. Tables are equipped in accordance with safety requirements and are fixed to the floor. General circuit diagram power supply for the informatics cabinet is included in the accompanying documentation supplied with the set of electrical equipment for KUVT. All PCs or VDTs should be grounded.

The design of a single table for working with a PC or VDT should include:

Two separate surfaces: the first is horizontal for placing a PC or VDT
with smooth height adjustment within 520-760 mm and the second - for a keyboard with smooth
adjustable in height and angle of inclination from 0 to 15° with secure fixation in the optimum position
sideways position (12-15 °), which helps to maintain the correct working posture of students
without a sharp tilt of the head forward;

The width of the surface for a PC or VDT and a keyboard is at least 750 mm, and if available
printer - 1200 mm;

The depth of each of the indicated surfaces of the table is at least 550 mm;

The support of the table surfaces on the riser located in the center; in the riser must pass
install power wires and a local network cable with the necessary requirements
on electrical safety, and the table base must be equipped with a footrest;

Lack of boxes.

The height of the edge of the table facing the person working at the PC or VDT, as well as the height of the chair, should be taken in accordance with the height of the student in shoes according to Table. sixteen.

Table 16 Furniture dimensions and markings

The width and depth of the legroom under the table is determined by the design of the table. A situation is allowed in which a table with a PC or VDT rests not on a riser, but on legs, but with strict observance of its compliance with the growth characteristics of students in shoes. AT " methodological recommendations on the equipment and use of computer science classrooms, classes with personal electronic computers or video display terminals in educational institutions of the general secondary education system” says:

“If it is not possible to equip the classroom with tables with adjustable height surfaces for different height groups of students, the height of the table surface above the floor level for the keyboard should be 725 mm. In the absence of a table supported by a riser and height-adjustable surfaces for working on a PC or VDT, you can allow temporarily:

The location of the keyboard on the student table, and the video monitor on the stand or
hanging it on a bracket at the student's table;

Arrangement on two student tables put together: on one - video
Nitor, on the other - a keyboard ..

If there is a high table and chair that does not match the height of the students, a footstool should be used. Stand design: width - 300 mm, length - 400 mm, angle of inclination of the supporting surface 20°. The stand must have a height adjustment within 150 mm. The surface of the stand must be corrugated, along the front edge - a side 10 mm high. In our opinion, the provisions set forth in the above quote do not meet the requirements of the new SanPiN.

Table tops should be in the color of natural wood. Pale blue, pale green or pale gray are allowed. Table surfaces should be matte. Tables with a PC or VDT should be equipped with chairs with lift-and-swivel seats and backs adjustable in height and tilt angles, as well as with the ability to adjust the distance from the back to the front edge of the seat. In this case, the adjustment of each parameter should be carried out separately, without much effort and be reliable. The rotation of the seat and back of the chair around the axis must be within ± 180 °.

Seats and backs of chairs should be semi-soft, covered with a breathable, non-electrifying and non-slip material that can be easily cleaned from dirt. The main dimensions of the chair, depending on the growth characteristics of students, are presented in Table. 17.

Table 17 Basic chair dimensions for pupils and students

Chair Options	Height of pupils and students in shoes, see
116-130	131-145	146-160	161-175	> 175
Seat height above the floor, mm
Seat width, not less than, mm
Seat depth, mm
Height of the lower edge of the backrest above the seat, mm
Height of the upper edge of the backrest above the seat, mm
Height of the deflection line of the back, not less than, mm
Bend radius of the front edge of the seat, mm	20-50
Seat tilt angle, hail.	0-4
Angle of inclination of a back, hail.	95-108
Backrest radius in plan, not less than, mm

The presence of tables and chairs in accordance with the growth characteristics of students helps to ensure proper fit and prevent deviations from the musculoskeletal system.

The arrangement of the RMU in the classroom should ensure electrical safety and safety from electromagnetic radiation, free access for students and the teacher during the lesson to each workplace.

Additionally, the computer science room is equipped with double student tables based on the number of students. Student tables are located in the center and are intended for conducting theoretical classes, individual, group work that does not require the use of a PC, or for performing tests, which allows you to diversify the educational process, taking into account the individual characteristics of students, concentrate when the teacher explains the educational material and contributes to the safety of computing tools. technology. Additional tables also allow some of the students to engage in other activities in the machineless version, as well as alternate them. These tables are arranged in one or two rows.

Correct fit students at a desktop with a PC or VDT contributes to the normal functioning of the organs and systems of the body, the prevention of posture and vision disorders, the preservation of health and good performance. Proper seating is ensured by selecting a table and chair in accordance with the above requirements.

At proper fit Students should sit up straight without slouching. The back should be supported in the region of the lower angles of the shoulder blades, the forearms should be at right angles to the shoulders and rest on the inclined surface of the table with the keyboard; thereby removing static tension from the muscles of the shoulder girdle and arms. The edge of the seat of the chair should extend beyond the edge of the table facing the student by 5-7 cm. The angle formed by the lower leg and thigh should be 90-120 °, the feet should rest on the floor or footrest.

The video monitor screen should be at a distance of 60-70 cm from the user's eyes.

The head should be tilted slightly forward (no more than 15°). Eye level with a vertical monitor screen should be at the center or 2/3 of the height of the screen. The line of sight should be perpendicular to the center of the screen and its optimal deviation from the perpendicular passing through the center of the screen in the vertical plane should not exceed ± 5o, ± 10o is acceptable (Fig. 12).

Within the range of ±30° must be study guides, music stand. Students with moderate myopia and farsightedness (more than 3 diopters) must wear glasses while watching a video monitor.

Regardless of the number of student places created in the classroom, the KUVT includes teacher's workplace (RMP). It is placed in such a way that it is most convenient for the teacher to perform his functions: work individually and with the whole class, use TCO, control the work of students in the class.

The teacher's table with two cabinets for a printer and a graph projector (Fig. 13) is installed on the podium and equipped with equipment in accordance with the "List of computer equipment ..." (Appendix 14).

Rice. 13. Teacher's desk

The pedestals provide 1-2 drawers with dimensions of at least 350x500x100 mm for accessories, magnetic media and banners based on the current day of classes. The table is used for setting up a PC and keeping records.

The teacher's PC consists of a system unit with interfaces for connecting external devices and student workstations, a keyboard, information display devices and external memory devices.

In addition, the teacher's workplace is equipped with a printer, a set of cables and LAN adapters, sets of magnetic media, as well as a demonstration color video monitor.

The teacher's table must be supplied with power to connect a PC, printer, graph projector. During the lesson, the teacher connects the power supply to the RMU and turns it off and notes this in the appropriate journal at each lesson.

The requirements for the premises of the informatics office are determined by SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96 " Hygiene requirements to video display terminals, personal electronic computers and organization of work”, SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02 “Hygienic requirements for learning conditions in educational institutions”.

Placement of an informatics cabinet is not allowed in basements and basements.

Windows in the room should mainly be oriented to the north and northeast.

The area attributable to one workstation of a PC user should be at least 6 m 2 . This calculation is used for classrooms equipped with 9-15 computers.

When placing only 2-3 computers in the computer science room (small school), an area of 12-18 m 2 is not enough. In this case, the area of the room is determined on the basis of: 2.5-3.5 m 2 - per student. For example, for the education of ten schoolchildren, the area of the office should be from 25 to 35 m 2.

The floor surface in the office should have a plank, parquet or linoleum coating, and have antistatic properties. In the informatics office, wet cleaning should be carried out daily.

The walls must be smooth, allowing them to be cleaned with a wet method. Decoration Materials and paints should be of light colors and have a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7-0.8; for walls - 0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5. It is necessary to have certificates for finishing materials.

The office of computer science should have natural and artificial lighting. Illumination on the surface of the table in the area where the working document is placed should be 300-500 lux. When designing an artificial lighting system, it is necessary to provide for separate switching on of luminaire lines.

Placement of computers should exclude direct sunlight, excessive contrast and reflection of light on the monitor screen. For this purpose, window openings must be closed with adjustable devices such as blinds or plain curtains in a pleat made of light-colored dense fabric.

The office must be equipped with an air conditioning system or efficient supply and exhaust ventilation. The informatics classroom should be ventilated before the start of each academic hour of training, which ensures an improvement in the quality of the air. On warm days, conduct classes with open transoms and vents.

To increase the air humidity in the computer science room, it is recommended to use air humidifiers filled daily with distilled or boiled drinking water, and open containers with water can also be used.

The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the computer class are as follows: temperature - 19-21°C, relative humidity - 55-62%.

The noise level at the student's workplace (RMU) should not exceed 50 dB. The computer science cabinet should not border on premises in which noise and vibration levels exceed the normalized values (workshops, gyms, etc.). You can reduce the noise level in the office by using sound-absorbing materials for finishing the room, permitted by the Russian State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

When organizing an informatics cabinet, the rules of fire and electrical safety should be taken into account. The room must be equipped protective earth(zeroing), brought directly to each workplace. The insulation resistance of live parts must be at least 0.5 Mohm. Resistance of grounding devices - no more than 4 ohms. The power supply of the cabinet should be carried out from a shield with isolation transformers connected to the electrical input through a protective shutdown device.

All outlets must be labeled for voltage. All live parts electrical appliances must be securely isolated.

The computer science cabinet should be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment: a powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

For classes at school, it is permissible to use only such computer equipment that has a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on its safety for the health of children. Not only newly acquired equipment should have a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion; but also one that is in operation.

The arrangement of the RMU in the classroom should ensure electrical safety and safety from electromagnetic radiation, free access for students and the teacher during the lesson to each workplace. Premises for classes are equipped with single tables designed to work with a PC. The distance between desktops with video monitors should be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors should be at least 1.2 m. The video monitor screen should be at an optimal distance of 60-70 cm from the user's eyes, but not closer than 50 cm.

In addition, the computer science room is equipped with double student tables based on the number of students. Student tables are located in the center and are designed for theoretical classes, individual, group work that does not require the use of a PC. These tables are arranged in one or two rows.

When using one computer science room for students different ages the most difficult problem is the selection of furniture in accordance with the growth of younger students. In this case, it is advisable to equip workplaces with footrests. The size of the educational furniture (table and chair) should correspond to the height of the child. You can verify this in the following way: the legs and back (and even better, the forearms) are supported, and the line of sight falls approximately at the center of the monitor or slightly higher.

The duration of work on a PC during training sessions is determined by the age of students:

For 1st grade students - 10 minutes;

For students of grades II-V - 15 minutes;

For students of grades VI-VII - 20 minutes;

For students of grades VIII-IX - 25 minutes;

For students of grades X-XI - 30 minutes.

To relieve static stress, it is necessary to carry out physical pauses. They are recommended to include exercises that eliminate congestion in the lower half of the body and legs, relieve fatigue from the muscles of the shoulder girdle, arms, and torso.

In order to prevent visual fatigue after working on personal computers, it is recommended to carry out a set of exercises for the eyes, which are performed while sitting or standing, turning away from the screen, with rhythmic breathing, with a maximum range of eye movements. For greater attractiveness, they can be carried out in a playful way.