Planting strawberry seeds for seedlings at home. Everything you need to know about the timing of planting strawberry seeds for seedlings. Sowing in separate containers

13.04.2020

It should be said right away that growing strawberry seedlings ( garden strawberries) from seeds is a rather laborious process. As a rule, gardeners resort to buying ready-made seedlings or. However, not all varieties are suitable for mustache propagation (small-fruited varieties are most often beardless), and sometimes you really want to grow exactly the garden strawberries that your dacha neighbor treated you to. Next, you will learn when to sow strawberry seeds for seedlings and how to properly grow them at home before planting in the ground.

Today, there are a huge number of varieties and hybrids of strawberries, whose producers promise huge and tasty berries, early maturity and high resistance to any kind of crop diseases, so it is so difficult to choose the right one.

However, it is considered that it is much easier to propagate with emenasmall-fruited strawberries.

The fact is that large-fruited varieties sprout worse and develop more slowly so they are better.

So, popular small-fruited strawberry varieties are: Yellow Miracle, Crimean Early, Baron Solemacher, Ali Baba and others.

If you still want to grow from seeds large-fruited strawberries, then you should pay attention to the following varieties: Queen Elizabeth, Temptation, Fragrant basket, Honey, Xima, Fireworks, Festivalnaya, Regina and others.

Independentharvesting strawberry seeds

Seeds for sowing strawberries can be prepared independently, using the following step-by-step instructions:

Take any strawberry you like in the summer and cut off the top from it.
Then, with a kitchen knife or a sharp blade, remove the top layer of seeds from it.
Place the removed layer on a cloth (preferably thick) or a paper sheet.
Place to dry in a warm place for a couple of days.
Next, the dried substance must be rubbed in the palms to separate the seeds.
Place the seeds in a bag for further storage. Don't forget to sign!

Note! Strawberries grown from harvested seeds most often do not retain their variety. Only small-fruited, as a rule, grows about the same, but large - well, very rarely.

A completely different matter - purchased seeds.

Important! Remember, strawberry seeds remain viable for 2-4 years.

Preparing strawberry seeds for planting: pre-sowing treatment

Friendly shoots and health of future strawberries will provide proper preparation and the treatment of its seeds before sowing, which includes soaking and stratifying them.

For soaking, you will need cotton pads, a small container and necessarily warm, settled water (not boiled). You can use such drugs (growth stimulants) as "Epin" or "Zircon", as well as "Energen" or "HB-101".

A simplified stratification of strawberry seeds can be done as follows: spread the seedlings on moistened cotton swabs, cover them with exactly the same moistened cotton pads and put them in the refrigerator on the lower shelf for 3-5 days.

Or you can sow the seeds in the snow, or sow the seeds and then put the planting container with them in the refrigerator.

Video: strawberry seed stratification

How to plant strawberries for seedlings at home

For sowing strawberries with seeds for seedlings, special soil and a certain container (container) are required. Therefore, you need to properly prepare for planting strawberries for seedlings, but first you need to decide on the timing.

When to plant seedlings in 2020

To find out when it is better to sow strawberries for seedlings, it is important to pay attention to the terms recommended by the manufacturer, indicating them on a bag of purchased seeds. As a rule, you can start sowing seeds for seedlings from the end of January and continue until April.

note ! As for experience, the optimal time for sowing strawberry seeds for seedlings is March-early April. At that time daylight hours are long enough, which means that you do not have to bother with additional illumination of seedlings.

By the way! In May-June you can sow strawberry seeds straight into the ground.

According to the lunar calendar in 2020

Choosing the best date for sowing seeds for seedlings can help you moon calendar.

So, auspicious days for sowing strawberries for seedlings in 2020, according to lunar calendar, are:

in January - 27-31;
in February - 1-10, 14-20.28, 29;
in March - 2-8, 12-14, 26-29;
in April - 13-15, 20-22, 25-27;
in May - 2-6, 25-27.

Of course, it is not always possible to get to the dacha exactly in auspicious days, therefore, the main thing is not to sow on unfavorable dates (the days of the Full Moon and New Moon, as well as the period when the Moon is in Aquarius, because this is a barren and dry sign - italicized).

Unfavorable days, according to the lunar calendar for 2020, for sowing seeds of strawberries in the spring are the following dates:

in January - 10, 25 , 26 ;
in February - 9, 21-22 , 23;
in March - 9, 19-21 , 24;
in April - 8, 15-17 , 23;
in May - 7, 13-14 , 22;
in June - 5, 9-11 , 21.

According to the lunar calendar, from the magazine "1000 Tips for a Summer Resident".

Suitable planting containers and substrate

Garden strawberries are most conveniently grown in transparent containers or plastic cups. In this case, you can easily see and control the degree of soil moisture. But any other containers made of plastic and wood, as well as peat cups, sour cream containers, milk cartons, are also suitable for planting. Of course, with Strawberry seeds can also be planted in peat tablets. At the same time, it will be enough landing capacity height of 4-5 cm.

Note! Strawberry seedlings are possible and necessary, therefore it is not at all necessary to immediately plant them in individual containers, especially since strawberry seeds are quite small and do not germinate very well.

Important! Be sure to do drainage holes in your planting containers so that moisture does not stagnate in the soil, or pour drainage layer at 1.5-2 cm.

The soil for growing strawberries should be loose, air and moisture permeable, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.

As a soil, you can use a special soil mixture for strawberries (garden strawberries). Also suitable soil for begonias or violets or high-quality universal primer.

In addition, you can prepare your own soil one of the following recipes:

2/4 sod land, 1/4 lowland (neutral or slightly acidic) peat, 1/4 river sand;
1/3 sod land; 1/3 humus, 1/3 sand;
1/2 lowland peat, 1/2 sand;
2/3 humus, 1/3 sand.

Soil disinfection

You can disinfect the soil by calcining (steaming) in the oven (3-5 hours at a temperature of 90-100 degrees) or in the microwave (at maximum power for 7-10 minutes), or by spilling the drug solution. Better yet, do both (first ignite, then cool and spill).

Direct landing (standard way)

Step-by-step instructions for sowing strawberry seeds for seedlings:

Fill containers or cups by 2/3 soil mixture, slightly compact and thoroughly moisten with a spray bottle.

Advice! If you have not previously decontaminated the soil, you can spill the soil.

Try to distribute the seeds as evenly as possible over the surface (you can make rows and scatter over them, but in no case cover them with earth on top).

Or sow seeds, pre- mixed with sand.

Good sprinkle lightly warm water from a spray bottle or a spray bottle.

Important! It is not necessary to sprinkle with the substrate. good strawberry seeds grow in the light.

Cover the top with plastic wrap or cover the container with a transparent lid to create a greenhouse effect.

By the way! If you have not previously stratified seeds, sown not on snow, then after sowing it is very desirable (but not necessary) to remove the planting containers not in a warm place, but in a refrigerator, on the bottom shelf, or in another place where the temperature is 0..+4 degrees, for 3-5 days. So you will noticeably increase the rate of seed germination.

However! This is by no means necessary - for many summer residents, the seeds germinate normally without stratification, just in the light and in warmth.

Video: growing garden strawberries (strawberries) from seeds - sowing seedlings

Seeding in the snow

Of course, there are more non-standard ways of planting garden strawberries for seedlings, for example, sowing on snow, thanks to strawberry seeds will pass artificial stratification.

Thanks to this planting, the seeds will be fully provided with moisture and will not go to depth, as if they were watered from a watering can.

Moreover, strawberry seeds can be sown both on snow and under the snow, in other words, you can pile snow on top of the seeds.

You can learn more and more clearly about the method of sowing strawberry seeds in the snow from this video:

How to care for strawberry seedlings after planting

And now let's talk about the rules of care and growing conditions for strawberry seedlings.

Before germination, be sure to daily remove condensation from the lid(the package can simply be turned dry side out), and sometimes open it for ventilation(for 30-60 minutes).
After seed germination, the shelter will need to be removed.

Strawberries (garden strawberries), usually germinates in 1-3 weeks.

daylight and temperature

In the future, young seedlings from the very first day will need a long, at least 10-11, and better 12-14 hour daylight hours. In other words, seedlings should stand on the brightest - south window sill(southwest or east).

If strawberry seedlings lack sunlight, then it will definitely stretch out and you will have to put soil in pots(to the cotyledons or "heart").

The air temperature in the room should be around + 18-23 degrees (and the closer to the landing, the more it can be lowered - up to 15-16 degrees, taking it out to the loggia or balcony).

Therefore, if you sowed in February-early March, then be sure to illuminate the seedlings of strawberries with special fitolamps. Otherwise, it will stretch out a lot, be pale and weak.

Advice! For the convenience and simplification of caring for seedlings, you can buy a "smart" timer socket that will automatically turn on and off the light (lamp) at the time you set.

Watering

The appearance of true leaves is your main guideline for starting active watering and removing shelter. But again, don't get too carried away!

Important! Don't water often newly emerging strawberry shoots, as this can cause, firstly, mold growth on the walls of the planting tank or, even worse, actually fatal for plants - .

The frequency and volume of watering differ significantly at each stage of the formation and growth of strawberry seedlings:

So, immediately after sowing, while the seedlings are in the greenhouse, it is most likely not necessary to additionally moisten it, but it is necessary to monitor the humidity.

At the same time, it is very important that in no case does a dry crust form on the ground.

As soon as the first shoots appear, watering should be carried out somewhere 1 time in 5-7 days.

Watering small seedlings is convenient with the help of syringe or enema so as not to erode the earth and the root system of the plant, because of which the seedlings may fall.

The appearance of the first true leaves is your signal to increase the number of waterings by 2 times (1 time in 2-3 days).

Moreover, it is necessary to water so that the soil in the tank was moistened to the very bottom.

The more leaves will be formed, the more moisture will be required (evaporation will go stronger), which means that you will have to water more often.

Advice! For watering strawberry seedlings, it is optimal to use exactly settled water at room temperature. Naturally, it does not need to be boiled! Also great for this job. thawed or rainwater , or filtered.

Video: caring for young strawberry seedlings

picking

You can dive strawberry seedlings when it forms 2-3 real leaves (although it is possible in phase 1-2), that is, approximately 3-6 weeks after sowing (2-3 weeks after germination).

top dressing

As soon as the plants have 3-4 true leaves, you can feed the seedlings of garden strawberries with one of the complex mineral fertilizers (such as Nitroammophoska, Fertiki Lux or the like). Before planting seedlings in a permanent place in the ground, you can perform up to 2-3 dressings (every 10-14 days).

By the way! If you initially planted or dived strawberry seedlings into nutritious soil, then you can do without any top dressing.

Video: care for seedlings of strawberries after a pick

When and how to plant strawberry seedlings in open ground

Before planting strawberry seedlings in open ground, it is recommended that you first conduct it hardening(adapt to harsher outdoor conditions). To do this, containers with seedlings should first be taken out to the balcony or loggia, and when it gets completely warmer, then to the porch.

Important! room conditions it is worth alternating with stressful ones.

You can start planting strawberries in open ground already when soil temperature will warm up to +10-12 degrees, and ambient air up to + 12-14. E Another condition is the appearance in the plant6th present leaf.

As for the approximate dates, it depends on the climatic features of the region. On average, you can start planting strawberries in open ground from April - in the South, from the second half of May - in the Middle lane (Moscow region), not earlier than the end of May-beginning of June - in the Urals and Siberia.

Either way you need wait out spring frosts.

Video: planting seedlings of strawberries grown from seeds in open ground in a garden bed

Strawberries grow well only on fertile soils, and also love lighted areas. However, in the first 10-14 days after planting, it is better to cover it with something to prevent burns of young leaves. But you need to water strawberries in the open ground abundantly.

By the way ! About, how to plant seedlings of garden strawberries in open ground in spring, about methods and schemes of disembarkation, read .

Thus, if you follow all the above recommendations and adhere to the basic rules for planting garden strawberries for seedlings, you will definitely be able to grow strawberries from seeds at home, and then successfully plant them in open ground in order to subsequently get a rich harvest of delicious berries in this ( if it is a remontant variety) or already next year.

Video: growing strawberries from seeds

In contact with

In order for the strawberry crop to ripen as early as possible, one should not be late with sowing the seeds of this berry for seedlings. And this means that preparations for the season should begin in the winter.
To determine the optimal timing of the start of the sowing campaign experienced gardeners refer to the lunar calendar, which indicates favorable days for sowing, and for each culture they are different. And after that, you need to start preparing for sowing: purchase seeds, substrate, seedling containers.

When and how to sow strawberry seeds for seedlings?
How to care for seedlings?
When to plant seedlings in the garden?

You will find the answer to these and many other questions in our article.

While there is snow in the garden, a real gardener does not sit back, but prepares for the next spring-summer season - he buys seeds and fertilizers, repairs garden tools, lays seed for stratification ... But you never know what an amateur gardener has to do! After all, in addition to everything, recently one has to look more and more often on the Internet in search of the necessary information, since already in February it is necessary to start sowing seeds of garden and horticultural crops for seedlings. We decided in our articles to compile all the necessary information on the most popular crops so that you do not have to collect the necessary information bit by bit from different sites.

In this article, we will talk about when to plant strawberry seeds for seedlings, how to grow strawberry seedlings at home, and where to buy strawberry seedlings if you cannot grow them yourself. We will try to answer all the questions on this topic that you asked us.

When to sow strawberries for seedlings in 2020

Sowing strawberries for seedlings January 2020 of the year

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Never sow, plant, or transplant plants during new and full moons- in these lunar phases, all juices flow either to the top or to the rhizome, so the normal development of any culture in the future will be very difficult.

Soil for strawberry seedlings

The soil for strawberry seedlings should be loose and crumbly, but not oversaturated with fertilizers.

We offer you several soil options for strawberry seedlings:

three parts of compost or humus, three parts of garden soil and half a part of wood ash;
two parts of sod land and one part of peat and sand;
three parts of sand and five parts of humus;
one part of coconut fiber and one part of biohumus or humus;
three parts of peat and sand and four parts of vermiculite;
three parts of sand and one part of garden soil and humus.

After you thoroughly mix the ingredients, the soil should be disinfected - calcined for 30 minutes in the oven at a temperature of 150 ºC, freeze or spill with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. After disinfection, the soil is placed for 2-3 weeks in a warm place so that bacteria useful for seeds appear and multiply in it.

Growing seedlings of strawberries from seeds

Sowing material can be bought, or you can grow strawberries from your own collected seeds. The only exceptions are hybrid varieties - their seeds do not transmit varietal characteristics from generation to generation, so you will have to buy new seeds every time.

Growing strawberry seedlings begins with the disinfection of seed. The seeds are placed for half an hour in a half-percent solution of potassium permanganate, then rinsed thoroughly in clean water and proceed to stratification: spread on a moistened linen napkin, covered with the same wet napkin, then rolled up a roll from this “sandwich”, placed it in a plastic container, covered with a perforated lid and keep warm for two days, after which they put the container for two weeks in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator. Don't let wipes dry out.- ventilate the seeds and sprinkle them regularly with water, and dry them a little before sowing.

The seeds will be ready for sowing when they swell, but try not to peck them, because when sowing, small sprouts break off easily, and you will wait in vain for germination.

Lay the disinfected soil for seedlings in a container washed with a solution of potassium permanganate, compact and moisten it, spread the seeds on the surface in rows at 3-4 cm intervals with a wet toothpick and do not close them - strawberry seeds germinate in the light. Cover the container with a transparent plastic lid with small holes for air exchange and place it in a bright and warm place where direct sunlight does not fall - window sills of western or eastern windows are most suitable for such purposes.

There is another way to sow seeds, which allows you to combine direct sowing with the stratification of strawberry seeds. Decontaminated seeds that have not been stratified are laid out in the manner just described on the surface of dry soil, which does not reach the edge of the container by 2 cm, and a layer of snow is placed on top of the seeds to the edge of the container, after which the container is covered with a lid and placed in a refrigerator for two weeks. In the vegetable box, the snow will gradually melt and draw the seeds into the soil, as it usually happens in the garden in the spring. After two weeks, the container is moved to the windowsill under bright but diffused light, but the lid is not removed until the first shoots appear.

How to grow strawberry seedlings in tablets

Strawberry seedlings from seeds develop well in peat tablets. They are convenient because you do not need to bother with the preparation and disinfection of the soil, and you can skip the picking of seedlings.

Peat tablets are put into a container and filled with water so that they increase in size, after which the seeds that have undergone the disinfection and stratification procedure are laid out in tablets with a wet toothpick. To prevent moisture from evaporating quickly, the container is covered with a transparent lid, after which it is placed in a warm, bright place.

It will be necessary to ventilate the crops daily and remove condensate from the cover, so that mold does not appear on the substrate, but if you suddenly find it, remove the mold and pour the fungicide solution on this place. Remove the cover as soon as the seedlings begin to develop the first true leaves.

Frigo strawberry seedlings

AT last years a new practice has appeared to dig up developed annual rosettes of strawberries of the first and second order for the winter, store dormant bushes with an open root system in sealed packages at a certain temperature and air humidity, and plant these rosettes in the garden in spring. Freego's advantage is that such seedlings of strawberries in the spring quickly take root and grow, because during the winter proper storage normal biorhythms of plants are not disturbed.

Choosing at your discretion the timing of planting frigo, you can get a crop by the scheduled date. In addition, frigo strawberry seedlings take up little space during storage.

Specialists from the UK and the Netherlands, who developed this method of growing strawberries, have already completely switched to frigo seedlings, which are divided into three classes:

class A- seedlings with a rosette diameter of 12 to 15 cm, usually forming no more than two peduncles;
class A+- seedlings with a shortened shoot with a diameter of more than 15 cm, forming 2-3 peduncles;
class A+ extra- the diameter of this seedling is more than 20 cm, it has lateral horns and at least 5 peduncles.

Seedlings have frigo and cons- it is difficult to determine the time of digging out sockets and maintain at home the temperature necessary for storage (from 0 to 1 ºC) and air humidity (90%). The disadvantages include the high cost of frigo, although gardeners claim that the price of seedlings fully pays off due to its productivity.

Strawberry seedlings in a greenhouse

Usually, seedlings of remontant strawberries are grown from seeds, as well as those varieties that do not form a mustache. You can get strawberry seedlings at home, and continue growing in the open field. Or you can plant mature seedlings in a greenhouse and grow strawberries in it all year round. We will talk about how to grow strawberries in a greenhouse in a separate article.

Buy strawberry seedlings - is it worth it

If you have a lot of experience in strawberry cultivation, you will surely be able to grow seedlings yourself. But for beginner gardeners, this can be a difficult task, so for the first time it is better to purchase seedlings from well-established manufacturers. Accept from us A few tips to help you choose healthy seedlings:

it is best to buy strawberry seedlings directly from nurseries or fairs. Avoid buying seedlings on the market from private traders, because they cannot give you any guarantees, while nurseries will not risk their reputation for momentary gain;
carefully consider the seedlings before buying: her heart should be strong and resilient, seedlings should have a well-developed root system, there should be no damage on the stems, leaves and roots. The color of healthy seedlings is light or bright green;
the root neck must be at least 5 mm in diameter;
leaves on rosettes should be no more than three, and there should be no stains on them. Inspect the underside of the leaves for the presence of harmful insects.

Caring for strawberry seedlings at home

Conditions for growing seedlings of strawberries

Contain strawberry crops in a bright, warm place under a transparent coating. If there is no condensation on the inside of the coating, then the soil needs to be moistened, if there is too much condensation, it must be removed. Air the crops once or twice a day. Stratified seeds can germinate as early as 4-5 days, and mass seedlings will appear in 2-3 weeks. Seedlings will need maintenance at a temperature of 23-25 ºC. A week later, so that the sprouts do not stretch, the air temperature is lowered to 15-18 ºC.

The cover is removed when the first pair of true leaves develop on the seedlings, but this is done gradually, allowing the seedlings to adapt to environment. At this time, the crops are not watered, and the temperature in the room is maintained at 18-20 ºC.

Seedlings will need even more light after you remove the cover, so be prepared to arrange additional lighting for them, and the air temperature at this stage of development should be between 10-15 ºC. Do not forget to air the seedlings regularly, but make sure that they do not fall into a draft.

Watering strawberry seedlings

It is best to use a pipette or medical syringe for watering, from which you can “drink” each seedling under the root once a week. Water for moistening crops should be settled for at least a day or filtered, the same temperature as the air in the room, or two degrees warmer. Make sure that water did not fall on the leaves of the seedlings, otherwise, spots may appear on them.

It is impossible to overmoisten strawberry seedlings, as this is fraught with the appearance of a black leg - fungal disease that affects plants during the seedling period. But it is also impossible to allow the drying of the soil with crops.

Watering seedlings is carried out either early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset. As fungal disease prevention it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering of seedlings with a fungicide solution (Planriz, Trichodermin or Trichopol) with an interval of 2-3 weeks.

Illumination of strawberry seedlings

Since they begin growing strawberry seedlings in winter or in early spring when the daylight hours are still short, you will have to install an artificial light source over the seedlings - a phytolamp, an LED or gas-discharge lamp or a fluorescent lamp, which should work daily for 13-14 hours. After all, even at 12 noon, natural light in February is not as bright as in May.

Set the lamp above the seedlings at a distance of 20 cm, and for convenience, you can purchase a timer-socket that will automatically turn on artificial lighting, for example, at 6 a.m. and turn it off at 11 p.m. - your seedlings will have enough daylight hours.

Picking strawberry seedlings

Strawberries are dived in the development stage; they have 3-4 true (toothed) leaves, but this only applies to seedlings growing in a common container. They are well watered before picking, removed from the soil by the cotyledon leaves (in no case by the stem!), Pinch off their central root and transplant the seedlings into separate cups, where they will grow until planting in open ground. After transplanting, the seedlings are carefully watered.

If you sowed the seeds in tablets, then as soon as the roots of the seedlings begin to sprout through the mesh, plant them directly in the tablets in separate cups.

Sometimes gardeners spend not one, but two picks - the first at the stage of development of 2-3 leaves and the second, when the seedlings already have 4-5 leaves. They do this mainly because the seedlings are developing too quickly, and the weather conditions will not allow the seedlings to be planted in the ground on time. In this case, picking can save strawberry seedlings, preventing it from overgrowing and even slowing down its development somewhat.

After picking, seedling care consists of watering, loosening the soil and top dressing.

Feeding strawberry seedlings

Strawberry seedlings do not need to be fed at home until the pick itself, but after this procedure every 10-12 days fertilizers are applied to the soil, containing mainly potassium, phosphorus and only a small amount nitrogen. Strawberries prefer water-soluble fertilizers- Kemiru or Mortar with the addition of a two percent solution of trace elements and iron chelate.

Diseases of strawberry seedlings and their treatment

At good care strawberry seedlings do not suffer from diseases, but with chronic waterlogging it can be affected by a black leg - rot of the root neck of seedlings, which manifests itself from the beginning of seed germination to the stage of development of 2-3 leaves. On the background high humidity in 4-6 days, the base of the stem turns black, softens, breaks, and the seedling lies down.

If the disease is widespread, dive healthy seedlings into separate sterile containers in disinfected soil, place them in a warm place and protect from direct sunlight. As soon as they take root, the temperature of the content can be lowered, and a fungicide (Fitosporin, Bactofit or Maxim) must be added to the water for the first irrigation.

It is inspiring that seedlings growing in peat tablets practically do not get sick with a black leg, since the tablets are disinfected and impregnated with a fungicide.

Sometimes at home, seedlings can get powdery mildew, and then a whitish coating appears on its leaves and stems, which gradually darkens and becomes dense and brown. Affected plants stop growing and die. The cause of the infection can be:

excessive fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers,
sharp fluctuations in temperature,
air humidity.

In the fight against powdery mildew on strawberry seedlings, solutions of biofungicidal preparations prepared in accordance with the instructions are used - Alirin-B, Fitosporin, Gamair or Planriz.

In conditions of low humidity, strawberry seedlings can be occupied by spider mites, which make small punctures in the leaves of the seedlings and suck out the cell sap through them. In addition, ticks carry incurable viral diseases like a mosaic. Destroy pests with acaricide solution- Aktary, Aktellika, Karbofos, Fitoverma.

Planting seedlings of strawberries in open ground

Two weeks before planting seedlings in open ground, they begin to harden it - gradually accustom it to the conditions in which strawberries are to grow in the garden. During the day, seedlings are taken out to an unheated room, first for half an hour, daily increasing the duration of such sessions.

A day or two before planting strawberry seedlings in the garden, transfer the seedlings to a balcony or veranda where the air temperature will be about 10 ºC.

Planting strawberry seedlings in open ground is carried out after the return frosts have passed and when the soil warms up to 12 ºC - from mid-May to mid-June. Strawberries are undemanding to the composition of the soil, but grow better on black soil fertilized with wood ash. Peat soils are not suitable for cultivation. It’s good if onions, garlic, legumes, root crops or green manure grew on the plot before strawberries.

Before planting strawberries, the soil should be prepared - dug up, freed from wireworms, May beetle larvae and cereal weeds.

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Strawberries are a favorite berry of many. How to grow seedlings of strawberries so that at the beginning of summer they can enjoy tasty and fragrant berries? You can grow it with seeds. This method and method is now very popular among gardeners. Having sown the seed in winter at home, then at the beginning of summer the first berries already appear, which do not disappear from the bushes until the very cold weather.

Strawberries are a berry that fascinates with its taste and unusual aroma, even strawberry leaves have a healing effect. All over the world, this berry is gaining popularity. Breeders in many countries have bred different varieties of strawberries, so strawberries are becoming popular among gardeners. Grow favorite plant can be done with seeds. After all, not always purchased seedlings of garden strawberries can give the desired result. Therefore, we will grow strawberry seedlings from seeds in order to get a healthy plant and a good harvest.

Growing seedlings of strawberries from seeds is very easy and interesting. So let's figure out what can be sown?

Remontant strawberries are very popular. Seeds are affordable. It differs from ordinary and garden strawberries in that this species blooms and bears fruit continuously. On a small bush of a plant, flowers, green berries and red fruits can be observed. Remontant strawberries are used in flower beds, and just as a home balcony plant. Also now there is a very large selection of varieties that bear fruit until late autumn.
Garden or pineapple strawberries are also popular, but quite expensive.
And of course you can use your own seeds, which are collected from the most the best varieties strawberries, but be careful, you need to collect not from hybrids.

Growing seedlings of strawberries can be divided into three stages:

Sowing seeds.
Timely and proper care of seedlings.
Planting seedlings in the ground.

When and how should strawberries be sown for seedlings?

From the beginning, select the seeds from which you want to get seedlings. It is better, of course, to sow strawberries for seedlings different varieties. Seedlings of remontant strawberries and seedlings of garden strawberries do not differ in sowing and care. Therefore, let's start with the first stage of growing strawberry seedlings.

You can start sowing as early as the beginning of February or March, in order to get the fruits as early as possible. Of course, you can sow in May, June, only you need to be more careful and pay more attention to seedlings. You will not have time to plant late seedlings in the ground, that is, in a permanent place, so she will have to spend the winter in boxes on the windowsill.

Therefore, we will start growing seedlings as early as possible. The seeds of garden and remontant strawberries are small, so you need a light and loose soil, which should contain sand, humus,. You can prepare the mixture yourself or purchase ready-made soil mixtures. A mixture such as for "Begonia", "For violets", as well as an all-purpose mixture will do. Before planting a seed or treat with a solution of potassium permanganate.

You will also need a shallow container (about 5 centimeters) with drainage holes. You can use both individual pots and large boxes. If planted in separate pots, then in the future you free yourself from diving, because the seedlings are very delicate and fragile.

Planting strawberry seeds for seedlings is a very sensitive process. Prepare the soil a few days before sowing, it should be moist and at room temperature. If you will sow different varieties of strawberries, be sure to sign or leave a recognition flag with the inscription of the variety.

Plant one seed at a time at a distance of about a couple of centimeters from each other. From above, it is not necessary to cover the seeds with earth, it will be enough to sprinkle the earth with water from a spray bottle so that the seeds sink tightly into the ground. Be sure to close the seedlings with foil and put in a warm place, but not near the battery. Overheat the soil, and nothing will work.
It is necessary to open the film every day in order to ventilate or moisten the soil. The first shoots will appear in about a few weeks.

Second phase. Shoots will appear small, fragile, will grow quite slowly. Therefore, you need to monitor watering. It is impossible to overmoisten the soil, as a disease such as "black leg" may appear. Move the seedlings to a bright, warm place, you do not need to remove the film. Ventilate the ground twice a day. As soon as the first leaves appeared on the sprouts, increase the number of airings, thereby accustom the young sprouts to room conditions.

It is impossible to remove the film sharply, as the plant may die from temperature and humidity changes. If the plant is a little stronger, it's time to start picking, this applies to the seedlings that were sown in a common box.

Watering should be moderate. In separate small pots, strawberry seedlings are kept until a rosette of leaves up to 7 cm in diameter is formed. If the size is larger, then it is worth transplanting the seedlings into a pot of a larger diameter.

Feeding young and only sprouted seedlings is not worth it, since the plant takes all the nutrients from the soil. That's when the real five leaves appear, you can gradually accustom the plant to daily watering with fertilizers.

Third stage- preparation and planting of strawberry seedlings in open ground. This stage is quite important, since it is necessary to prepare the seedlings, that is, to harden the young plant. Start accustoming the plant to sunlight, wind, rain, take the seedlings to the balcony, veranda. Such hardening must be done gradually and carefully so as not to ruin the work that has been done. Each time increase the time spent in the fresh air and by the end of May, you can leave small strawberry bushes on the street all night. You can plant bushes in the ground only after they get stronger. Select on suburban area sunny, fertile place and can be planted.

The distance between the bushes should be about 30 centimeters, between the rows about 50 centimeters. Proper care and watering, will bear the first fruits by mid-July.

Freego technology

This is new technology which is not cheap. The essence of the method is as follows.

A bush of strawberries (strawberries) is dug up in the fall, before the first frosts come. It is during this period that the plant is at rest. The leaves are cut so that about 3 centimeters of the stem remain. Of course, such seedlings look a little strange, but the most important thing here is the root system. Seedlings must be processed with special solutions, thereby preparing them for hermetic storage in a refrigerator. A certain temperature is constantly maintained there, which allows long time store seedlings until sold or planted.

Advantages of freego technology:

This type of strawberry should not overwinter in the beds, thereby eliminating the influence of adverse factors.
It turns out a good harvest.
Frigo seedlings can be planted at different times in order to create a constant fruiting cycle.
Seedlings can be transported over long distances due to the fact that they are compact.
Fast survival due to good root system.
After rooting, frigo seedlings are not affected by dry and hot weather, thanks to a good root system.

There are, of course, drawbacks to such seedlings. These include:

The difficulty of preserving at home, since seedlings need a temperature from 0 to + 1C with an air humidity of at least 90%. If the temperature is at least half a degree higher, then the growth process will start.
Also, the difficulty lies in the exact determination of the timing of digging the plant.

But if you are a real gardener, then you don’t care about any difficulties.

Video: growing strawberries from seeds

by the most in a reliable way to get the variety of strawberries you need and avoid many diseases and other troubles is growing strawberry seedlings from seeds.

What gardener will deny himself the pleasure of growing strawberries on his plot? In fact, its name is large-fruited strawberries, but we are more familiar with the name - strawberries, and we will call it further.

Usually everyone starts it at home in the usual way: they take bushes from a neighbor and plant them, not knowing either the name of the variety or other valuable information about it. Together with the bushes, they receive all his diseases. There is no guarantee against this even when seedlings are bought on the market.

By growing seedlings from seeds on our own, we will avoid this risk.

To begin with, it is important to decide what kind of strawberries you want to have. Remontant varieties give several harvests per season, but their berries are not so tasty. Most large varieties hybrid, but all hybrids require more fertilizer than conventional varieties. There are also many differences in taste. Your choice will depend on the purpose of growing: a more acidic one is suitable for canning, and a sweeter one for fresh food. The choice of grades allows to satisfy any inquiries of gardeners. Here are some of them:

Moscow delicacy F1

This is a remontant hybrid variety, the fruits are large, dense with excellent palatability. The variety is early, fruitful (up to one and a half kilograms per bush). It is beautiful, which allows it to be used in hanging and vertical beds.

Sarian F1

A new remontant hybrid suitable for growing in greenhouses and conservatories. Berry picking can begin as early as four to five months after sowing. Large-fruited, resistant to both frost and drought, little susceptible to infection by fungal diseases.

Queen Elizabeth

Also remontant, but not a hybrid, which allows you to collect seeds from it. It bears fruit all summer without pauses. The berries are large, bright crimson in color, fragrant, dense in texture, transportable.

Gigantella

The name speaks of the large size of the berries (up to 120 grams)! Gigantella bears fruit once a season, not a hybrid. Berries are very sweet, dry skin allows them to be stored well.

Geneva

Appeared in our country in the nineties. Productive variety even with a lack of sunny days. Gives a crop twice a season, has a dormant period, large-fruited.

Zephyr

Attracts high productivity and early ripeness. Tolerates shading, not capricious in care. The taste is airy - light, as the very name of the variety indicates. Fruits once a season.

Tristar

Large conical berries. Can produce a second crop in late summer. Sweet dessert variety.

The berries grow on the mustache, so they should not be cut off.

Diamond

Resistant to viruses, early ripening, gives up to 2 kilograms of berries from one bush.

Ducat

Differs in frost resistance.

Other varieties

Sakhalin berry bears fruit all summer and until the end of autumn. It is impossible not to mention such proven frost-resistant varieties as Festivalnaya, Masha, Bogota, Mount Everest, Zarya.

When purchasing seeds, be sure to look at the expiration date, and if it comes to an end, then do not take them, since germination is highly dependent on freshness. By value, choose averages to take less risk.

Remember that you cannot collect seeds yourself from hybrid varieties they must be purchased.

To collect the seeds yourself, you need to choose the berry you like, it must be overripe. We remove the top layer from the berry, immerse it in water and carefully separate the seed from the pulp, filter. Now it remains only to dry the seeds, and they are ready. You can sow them immediately, but if necessary, they are perfectly preserved for three to four years.

Benefits of growing strawberries from seeds

At first glance, it seems that growing strawberries from seeds is very difficult. Indeed, strawberry seeds are hard to germinate, and sprouts sometimes die. But here the problem is only in the lack of necessary knowledge and experience. If you master this simple technology, you will always use it, because it provides a number of advantages:

Unlike seedlings, seeds persist for a long time.
It is easier to choose the best variety for you.
The cost of seeds is several times less than seedlings.
You will definitely know the name of each variety and its features.
From one berry you can get many bushes.

Try to get strawberry seeds no later than January, otherwise they may disappear from sale. Until you are completely sure of success, it is better not to buy expensive elite seeds, be sure to check the expiration date when buying.

Seed preparation

First you need disinfection by immersion for 20 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Then we take a transparent container with a lid, making holes for ventilation. We cover the bottom with cotton pads or cloth, having previously moistened them, then lay out the seeds.

It is very difficult to lay out such small seeds, a toothpick can help with this. Top with the same moistened material and close the container with a lid. The napkin needs to be moistened every day, but not filled with water (use a spray bottle).

If you decide to sow several different varieties, then use different containers for them, which are worth signing. We keep warm for two days, making sure that the seeds do not dry out, put them in the refrigerator for two weeks and also maintain humidity.

This operation is called stratification. After stratification, the seeds are ready for sowing.

Instead of tap water, use melt water. In winter, there will be no shortage of such water.

Sowing dates

In the middle lane and to the north, it should be sown no earlier than March, and in the south of Russia it can be done as early as February and even in mid-January. Specific dates depend on the variety and climate, therefore the exact date determine individually. If you are late with sowing, then the strawberries in the ground will not have time to take root.

You can sow seeds in more early dates if you use a lamp for illumination.

Substrate preparation for sowing

Gardeners have seen from their own experience that ready-made soil mixtures do not always meet the required parameters. For strawberries, it is better to prepare the mixture yourself.

Unsuitable predecessors for strawberries are: strawberries, raspberries and nightshade crops. After them, the land should not be taken; it is better to prepare the land in the forest or in the forest belt.

The substrate should be light, crumbly, not fertilized. Here are examples of its composition:

A mixture of forest land and sand in equal parts;
Three parts of biohumus, peat and sand;
Two parts of turf and one - sand with peat.

Buy biohumus in a store, deoxidize peat with lime or dolomite flour before mixing.

You can destroy pests in it by keeping the substrate in an oven with a temperature of 200 degrees for about twenty minutes. Instead of high temperature treatment, on the contrary, it is possible to freeze the soil by placing the container outside at low temperatures. In order to restore healthy microflora after that, after warming up, keep the earth cool for two weeks. During this time, just the seeds will undergo stratification.

It is possible to use ashes and humus as fertilizers, but do not overdo it, excess fertilizer can burn the seeds.

Selecting suitable containers

Capacities can be anything, consider the most common:

Finished plastic cassettes. They can be purchased at gardening outlets. Each container of the cassette is designed for planting one seed in it. Drainage holes have already been made, but you need to pick up the pallet yourself.
Homemade wooden boxes. They can be used repeatedly, but disinfected with repeated use.
Various paper and plastic cups. Of these, seedlings are easy to transplant, but they need containers during transportation.
Pots of their peat. Plus, this is that they are planted in the ground along with seedlings, and the disadvantage is that they may turn out to be of poor quality. Buy from trusted stores.
Transparent packaging for cakes, cookies and more. Drainage holes are made in them on their own, and the container is ready. The advantage is that they have transparent lids.

You will choose for yourself, based on your conditions, possibilities.

Before filling with earth, the containers should be wiped with a cloth soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate.

Sowing in boxes

The containers are filled with pre-prepared soil mixture (substrate), the surface is slightly compacted and watered. Then you need to make small grooves, spread the seeds in them, but you should not cover them with soil on top, the seeds germinate better in the light.

After planting, sprinkle the ground with water and cover the containers with transparent lids, film or glass. Condensation (drops of water) should appear on the lids. If there is too much of it, it is necessary to ventilate it, and if it is not there, then pour it from the spray bottle. The place where the seedlings will be grown should be warm and well lit, but not in direct sunlight.

With this method, you can apply the stratification of seeds directly in the ground using snow. It is done like this: We fill the box with earth by two-thirds, cover the surface with a thick layer of snow, and trample down. We lay out the soaked seeds on the surface and put the box in the refrigerator for fifteen days. During this time, the seeds will pour melted snow and be drawn into the soil. Then we put the containers in a warm place and take care, as described above.

Sowing in separate containers

If you have prepared cups for sowing, then everything is done in the same way, only one seed is laid out in each cup.

Since strawberry seeds are difficult to germinate, plant only germinated seeds in separate containers so that they do not subsequently turn out to be empty.

Now on sale there are peat tablets. This product is specially designed for sowing seeds of various crops. They have holes with a depth of about 8 millimeters. Before sowing, the tablets must be soaked until swollen, then remove excess water.

The hatched seeds are placed in the holes, and all this is covered with a film, which should be removed with the emergence of seedlings. You also need to support optimal humidity, if necessary, water. The advantage of this method is that the seedlings do not need to dive.

Rules for caring for young seedlings

Since the plants are very small and delicate, care for them requires some attention.

Proper watering is the main condition for success. Watering will have to be done with great care. In order not to wash off with water and lay tender sprouts on the ground, water under the root using a medical syringe, pipette or teaspoon. Water must be settled or purified.
Top dressing. Complexes containing potassium, magnesium, phosphorus should be added
Prevention. To protect against fungal diseases, water fungicide (Trichodermin, Planriz) once every three weeks.

If you notice that the sprout lay down, lift it up and sprinkle it around with earth.

In a sealed container high humidity ideal conditions are created for the development of mold, which produces harmful toxins. You can get rid of this misfortune if:

Carefully collect the mold along with the top layer of soil, without damaging the roots of the seedlings.
Lightly loosen the soil with a toothpick.
Treat with the following preparations: phytosporin, vermiculite, a solution of one tablet of nystatin in a glass of water, a one percent solution of potassium permanganate.
Dry the ground a little by removing the lid or glass for a while.

During subsequent picking, try to carefully shake off the ground in which the mold was from the roots of the plant. If mold has formed on peat tablets, they must also be thrown away, and the plants should be treated with an antifungal drug.

Do not rush to open the seedlings when they grow up. They need to be accustomed to external conditions gradually. Transparent covers should first be moved a little, or opened for a short time until the seedlings get used to room temperature and humidity.

Picking strawberry seedlings

If the strawberries are not sown in separate containers, then after the appearance of three leaves, it needs to be picked. We place the prepared soil in cups with drainage holes made in them, compact and water. You can easily make cups yourself from thick paper or other similar materials.

We also water the soil in containers with seedlings. Carefully transplant strawberry sprouts along with a clod of earth. If the roots of the seedlings are intertwined, you will have to separate them in water so as not to damage them. It is recommended to pinch the longest roots when diving. Of course, after transplantation, careful watering under the root is needed.

Necessary conditions for growing seedlings

Optimum temperature for growing 20 -22 degrees. Illumination at least 12 hours, but not direct sunlight. Plantings should be shaded from such rays, and if there is a lack of light, artificial lighting should be used. In this case, it is advisable to use automation for independent switching on with the appearance of darkness.

Monitor the level of humidity in the room. If it is increased, seedlings can be damaged by diseases and pests.

Due to excessive watering, strawberries may experience such an ailment as blackleg. If it is found, it is urgent to transplant the seedlings into another soil, and add a fungicide when watering.

Preparing seedlings for planting in the ground

In order for the plants not to experience stress from transplantation, some agricultural practices should be applied, namely:

hardening. Two to three weeks before planting seedlings in a permanent place, hardening is necessary. To do this, during the day, seedlings are taken out to the balcony or porch on Fresh air, and in the evening they bring it into the room. This is done so that the plants get used to sunlight and temperature changes.
Solution processing. In the event of a white coating appearing on the leaves ( powdery mildew), should be sprayed with a solution of biofungicidal preparations. If wound up spider mite, treat with acaricide solution.

If you carefully follow the advice, then growing strawberries from seeds at home is not as difficult as it might seem at first. For care and efforts, she will surely thank you with a rich harvest.

Strawberries are especially loved by gardeners. This berry has excellent taste, and some varieties ripen as early as June. But it is not always possible to find seedlings of the variety that you want to have in your garden. In such cases, strawberries are grown from seeds on their own. Let's look at a few important questions.

When to sow strawberries?

Sowing strawberry seeds for seedlings can be carried out from late February to early May. Such sowing is carried out in peat cups or in trays. Watering should be regular and moderate to prevent drying out or excessive accumulation of moisture.

Strawberries can also be sown in early May in film shelters, in open ground or in pots for temporary sowing.

What seeds to sow?

To date, stores in a wide range seeds of small-fruited remontant strawberries (Alpine) and large-fruited garden (pineapple) hybrids are presented. Large-fruited varieties are very expensive, but the result is pretty surprising.

You can get your own seeds, but you need to collect them not from hybrid varieties (look, F1 should not be indicated near the name of the strawberry variety). To harvest strawberry seeds yourself, choose the ripest fruits and crush them on a thick plastic wrap, then dry in the sun. Next, grind the dry pulp and sift on a fine sieve. You can not sift, just grind thoroughly and sow immediately.

How to prepare the soil for seedlings?

Strawberries cannot be grown from seeds on poor soil, the seedlings are very tender and small, they will die within 3-5 days. A good soil mixture can be purchased at a specialized store or prepared independently:

Option 1: Make a mixture of 1 part peat moss, 1 part sand and 2 parts soddy soil. Add some rotted manure and wood ash. Mix thoroughly.
Option 2: 1 part of sand, 1 part of biohumus and 3 parts of non-acidic peat.
Option 3: 1 part sand, 4 parts non-acidic peat.

There can be a lot of pest eggs in the ground, for example, midges, which then quickly settle in everything flower pots in the apartment. And getting rid of it will be very difficult. To prevent this from happening, steam the soil mixture for 30 minutes over a pot of hot water or roast it in the oven. To restore the microbiological properties of the soil, let it stand for 3 weeks.

How to prepare seeds and improve germination?

For better germination of seeds, they can be germinated. To do this, soak in warm water for 2-3 days. After that, take a damp cloth made of natural fabrics, preferably white, so that you can see the seedlings well later, and spread the swollen seeds on it. For better warming, place a cloth with seeds in a plastic bag and place in a dark, warm place until germination.

We carefully monitor the condition of strawberry seeds to avoid overgrowing. Seedlings with large sprouts will not be suitable for planting. When the sprouts appear, we carefully take it with the help of a sharpened match so as not to damage the sprout, and plant it in the prepared soil.

How to sow?

Seeds are selected and prepared, now let's find out how to sow strawberries in several ways.

Option 1: how to plant strawberries with seeds without stratification

After preparing the containers, these can be pots for temporary sowing or ordinary plastic trays and wooden boxes, fill them with soil, level them.

If sowing seeds is done in open ground, do the same.

Cut the grooves with a small plank and fill them with seeds. Open the seed sachets carefully. The strawberry seed is very small and easily lost. Lightly press the surface of the soil with your hand so that the seeds come into better contact with the ground, but in no case sprinkle it with it, otherwise the sprouts may not appear.

This advice applies to all seeds that are tiny.

Cover the trays with plastic wrap. If crops were made in open ground in hot weather, it is better to cover with agrofiber. For crops in trays and boxes, glass can be used as a shelter. Every day we look at our landings, ventilate them and water a little from the spray bottle.

Option 2: how to sow strawberries using snow for stratification

There is a method of sowing strawberry seeds in the snow. This way you can reduce the risk of seed penetration into the soil. Snow is placed on top of the prepared soil, and the seeds are put on it and put in the refrigerator (not in the freezer!). In the process of melting snow, the seeds are firmly planted on the soil.

After 3 days, move the trays to a warm room. After that, don't touch them again. Cover the container with film or glass and place it on a window. Thus, you subjected strawberry seeds to stratification - first cold, then heat cause activation (awakening of seeds) of germination processes.

Seedling care

When caring for seedlings, do not forget about watering. They must be moderate. Keep track of soil moisture in containers. Seedlings need a lot of light, we put them closer to the window, but we protect them from drafts. Picking, that is, transplanting into a freer container, is carried out at the stage of two formed true leaves.

Disembarkation to a permanent place

Before planting in a permanent place, it is necessary to harden the seedlings. When the air temperature is not lower than 10 degrees, the plants are taken out for a while to the street and put in the shade. Strawberry seedlings are planted in late May - early August.

When transplanting, water well, you can fertilize with organic matter. Sprinkle aisles with tyrsa or sawdust, also use dry hay and straw. This is not necessary, but this way the roots of the plants will be protected from drying out, and the growth of weeds will be kept for a while. Some varieties of strawberries from seeds will be able to please the harvest in the same year.

For summer seedlings that grew in the open air, of course, no preliminary hardening is needed. It can be planted in a permanent place in late August, early September. If the seedlings are not yet quite large, it must be insulated for the winter with a thin layer of oak leaves.

Watch a video on how to grow strawberries from seeds:

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