How to make a garage wall out of slate. Shed roof for a garage with your own hands: calculations for a garage with a shed roof, as well as installation. Video: roof repair from roofing felt
One can only envy those car owners who have or got the opportunity to build their own real garage. Knowing the mentality of our men, it can be stated with a high degree of certainty that the vast majority of "lucky ones" will start building a "house" for their car with their own hands. Nowadays, there are many opportunities for choosing materials for building a garage - both from the standpoint of ease of self-construction, and from the point of view of maximum efficiency.
Any building is always crowned with a roof, and if, again, focus on minimum costs, then the best option its single-sided design becomes. In addition, the problems of some special decorative effect, as a rule, recede into the background, giving way to the reliability of the design and the speed of its installation. It is precisely these qualities that the mentioned option possesses. So, a shed roof for: from carrying out the necessary calculations to installation features - in this publication.
What are the advantages of a shed roof, are there any disadvantages?
So, the garage in most cases is considered precisely as an auxiliary Utility room, therefore, during its design and construction, a utilitarian approach usually dominates - simplicity, reliability, and the creation of effective protection for the car from atmospheric precipitation. That is why shed roofs are so popular in this case.
- This design is easy to independent calculations. It is based on a triangle - the most "rigid" of all two-dimensional figures, which is described by simple and understandable geometric relationships.
- The cost of materials and components is always significantly lower than for even the simplest gable roof. It is important that saving lumber in this case does not in any way affect the reliability of the structure.
- Installation of a shed roofing system is simple and intuitive. For the independent construction of such a structure, it is not at all necessary to be a qualified craftsman - subject to technological recommendations, any garage owner can handle such a task. This is another "plus" in terms of cost-effectiveness of construction - there is no need to resort to hiring specialists.
- Another advantage is the speed of work. close the garage pitched roof possible in a matter of days, while when choosing a more complex truss system and it will take much more time.
True, the owner of the garage, when choosing a pitched roof, will have to come to terms with some of its shortcomings:
- A shed roof is more susceptible to snow load - due to a slight slope, snowdrifts can form on its surface. This must be taken into account when making calculations.
- Such a design either does not imply an attic at all, or its operational capabilities will be significantly limited.
- There are certain difficulties in ensuring high-quality thermal insulation of such a garage, especially if the project does not involve at least a small attic space.
- Finally, not everyone likes the appearance of a shed roof, which does not involve any decorative frills. However, this is a matter of taste, and if desired, a pitched roof can be entered into the general "architectural ensemble" of one's country estates. For many, this disadvantage is not significant at all.
Shed roof garage options
The shed roof system is a series of stacked parallel to each other, arranged in such a way that one of their ends is raised relative to the other to a certain height to create a slope. The rafters become the basis for the installation of the necessary crate, and already she, in turn, for the flooring of the selected roofing.
The excess of one edge of the rafters on the other can be provided in several ways:
- Even in the process of designing a garage, one of the walls is planned to be higher than the opposite, by an amount (the calculation of such an excess will be discussed below). The other two walls in this case are given the shape of a trapezoid.
This approach is often used in frame construction. Even when drawing up the drawings, it is envisaged that the height of the supporting vertical racks of the frame on one side will be higher. Thus, at different heights, in compliance with the required ΔН, there will also be bars of the upper trim, which will play the role of a Mauerlat. As a result, a ready-made shed roof system is immediately laid, on which it remains only to mount the rafters, and then the desired crate.
Which walls will vary in height will, of course, depend on the chosen direction of the slope.
- It can be a cross slope, towards one of the sides of the garage. This method is attractive because the rafters are shorter, and you can often do without the simplest circuit, without creating additional supports for them.
- Another option is when the front wall of the building is higher than the back, and then the slope of the slope is organized back. The length of the built in this case, in relation to the garage, already reaches 5 ÷ 6 and even more meters, and one cannot do without their reinforcement.
- If, according to the project, both walls of the building are of the same height, or a shed roof is being erected on a previously constructed building, then you can organize the slope of the rafters by substituting racks of the same height ΔН under them on one side. Racks on top are usually combined with a strapping beam, which will begin to perform the function
In this case, the front part of the roof structure and the remaining open gable triangles after the installation of the truss system are simply sewn up with wood or other material, at your discretion.
This approach often allows you to achieve savings in the construction of the main walls of the garage - it will take less brick or blocks, and the laying process itself will go faster - there is no need to display additional side trapezoidal walls of the gables.
- If the walls are of the same height, then they resort to another method - they mount them on the "ground" roof trusses, and then already install them with certain steps on the Mauerlat.
Usually in the course of work one such truss is made, carefully tried on and adjusted to the place. Well, then it becomes a template for "cloning" - the rest are made according to its model, in convenient conditions on earth. When all the farms are ready, they proceed to the final installation. The lower corners of the trusses are attached to the Mauerlat, the upper corners are tied together with a beam, creating a single rigid structure.
This approach is especially convenient when a large distance between the walls obliges the builder to strengthen the rafters. And the truss in itself is a rigid structural element, as it combines both a kind of floor beam and a rafter leg, with reinforcing jumpers installed between them - racks or struts.
Rafter mount
Another obvious convenience - in such a garage it will be much easier to hem the ceiling, if necessary, also insulate it - the horizontal beams of the trusses provide all the possibilities for this.
Another option is when the garage is attached to a finished solid wall of an already previously erected capital building.
In this case, one end of the rafters rests on brackets or a support beam installed on the wall at a certain height, and the other end rests on vertical racks with strapping - in the case of a frame structure, or on the Mauerlat of a nearby wall. In any case, this fulcrum is again located with the calculated height difference ΔН.
If necessary, instead of rafters, roof trusses can also be attached to the wall of the house, by analogy with the previously considered case.
The main parameters of the shed roof of the garage, their calculations
So, if a decision is made to build a shed roof over the garage, then it is necessary to determine its main parameters.
From the initial data, as a rule, there are only the dimensions of the "box" of the garage - its length and width. From here we will start to “dance”.
Roof slope direction
First of all, it is necessary to determine in advance the direction of the slope of the slope, guided not only by considerations of convenience and ease of installation of the truss system, but also taking into account the prevailing wind direction at the construction site.
The slope of the roof is recommended to be carried out precisely on the windward side, so that the movement of air does not create lift, but, on the contrary, presses roof structure way down. Although the garage, as a rule, is a low structure, and can be almost completely buried from the effects of wind by other buildings, nevertheless, the predominance of the wind can be caused by the features of the terrain or neighboring buildings - open spaces, forest clearings, etc. And, of course, the specifics of the site can play a certain role in choosing the direction of the slope - the general "background" of the design of the territory, the location of the elements of the system storm sewer or other factors.
Determination of slope slope
The next step is to determine the steepness of the slope, that is, the angle α.
For shed roofs, this angle usually does not exceed 25, maximum - 30 °. With too much steepness, the structure itself looks ridiculous, and most importantly, the roof becomes very vulnerable to wind load. Too small slopes, less than 10 °, are also undesirable, since in this case the significance of the snow load on the slope increases sharply, the outflow of water becomes more difficult, especially during thaws or the beginning of massive snowmelt.
The slope angle is seriously affected by and. If the garage owner prefers one or another roofing material in advance, for example, in order to withstand the general design of the territory, then he must be guided by certain rules when calculating the steepness of a pitched roof.
Below is a diagram showing the acceptable types of roofing for various angles steepness of the roof slope.
Please note that the slope in the diagram is shown in three various options- in degrees and in the ratio of the lift height (ΔH) to the base length (D or L), which, in turn, can be expressed as a fractional ratio or as a percentage. Having such a scheme at hand, it will not be difficult to convert one unit of measure to another.
The circled numbers indicate the types of roofing, and the arrow coming from them indicates the minimum allowable the amount of roof slope at which they can be used.
| Designation on the diagram | Permissible type of roofing |
|---|---|
| ① | Coating of shingles, wood chips, natural shingle. |
| ② | Natural piece tiles, slate and bitumen-polymer tiles. |
| ③ | Flat roof: at least four layers of bitumen-based roll coating, with an external dressing of fine gravel embedded in molten mastic. |
| ④ | The same, but three layers of material are enough with a mandatory sprinkle. |
| ⑤ | The same, but without the obligatory gravel backfill. |
| ⑥ | When using rolled material - two layers applied to the mastic in a "hot" way. It is allowed to use metal tiles or some types of corrugated board. |
| ⑦ | Asbestos-cement slate corrugated sheets of reinforced profile. |
| ⑧ | Clay tiles. |
| ⑨ | Sheets of flat slate reinforced pro |
| ⑩ | Sheet steel roofing, with seam connections of sheets. |
| ⑪ | Slate asbestos-cement wavy regular profile. |
How to give the ramp a given slope angle?
The next question is how to give the slope the desired angle of inclination.
If with a value α and we decided on the direction of the slope of the slope, then, knowing the initial parameter of the length or width of the garage (), it is easy to determine the required height difference ΔN, which has already been mentioned several times.
If the walls have a certain thickness (for example, they are made of blocks or bricks), then the measurement of the linear parameters of the building D and L draw along their outer edges.
To calculate, we use the well-known trigonometric formula:
H = L(D) × tg α
In order not to force the reader to look for tangent values and carry out independent calculations, a calculator is placed below that will allow you to perform the calculation in a matter of seconds. If desired, you can "play" with the values to find the best acceptable option.
Decking
Calculator for calculating the excess of the wall to ensure the required steepness of a pitched roof
The completion of the construction of any building is the construction of the roof. Different designs can be used for a garage, but a shed roof would be the best and cheapest option. This is explained by the fact that decorativeness and appearance here usually fade into the background, giving way to reliability, simplicity and speed of construction. A shed roof has all the listed advantages, therefore it is most often used for a garage, especially since any home craftsman can do it with his own hands.
Types of pitched roofs
When creating a shed roof, the rafters are laid parallel to each other, while one of their ends is slightly higher than the other, which ensures desired slope. A crate is mounted on the rafters, which serves as the basis for the selected roofing material.
In order for one edge of the rafters to be higher than the other, the following design solutions can be used.
- During the design of the garage, it is envisaged that one of its walls will be higher than the other. Depending on which direction the roof slope should be directed, the opposite walls are made of different sizes. If the slope is from front to back, then the front wall is made higher, otherwise the back wall should be higher. In such cases, the length of the rafters is more than 5–6 meters, so they must be further strengthened. When creating a transverse slope, one of the side walls is made higher. Here the rafters will be shorter, usually 4-5 meters, so they do not need to be reinforced, and the design is simpler.
The required slope of the slope is provided due to the difference in the height of the walls
- A shed roof can already be erected on a finished building, in which all walls are of the same height. In this case, the slope is provided by installing racks on one side of the roof. From above, the racks are tied with a bar, which acts as a Mauerlat. After the installation of the roof, the facade and side triangles are sewn up, for which wood or metal can be used. This solution saves wall material, since it is not necessary to build trapezoidal gables, and the construction process is much faster.
If the walls are the same height, required slope the slope can be provided by installing racks on one of the sides
- With the same height of the garage walls, truss trusses can be made on the ground, and only then installed on the Mauerlat after a certain distance. To simplify the work, you must first assemble a template farm and already make all the rest on it. After all the triangles are ready, they go up to the roof. The lower corners are fixed to the Mauerlat, and the upper ones are tied with a beam into a single structure. This solution allows you to create long rafters, as they can be reinforced with racks and struts. In the garage, a horizontal ceiling is obtained, so it will be easier to hem and insulate it.
With the same wall height, the required angle of inclination of the slope can be obtained by installing roof trusses assembled on the ground
- If the garage is attached to a capital building, the lower edge of the rafters rests on the Mauerlat or on the racks, and the other end is fixed on a support beam, previously fixed to the wall of the building. Both rafters and roof trusses can be fixed, as described in the previous version.
In the case of adjoining the garage to the house, one end of the rafters is fixed on the wall of the building, for which a supporting frame can be assembled on it
Do-it-yourself shed roof for a garage
The pitched roof is simple solution, which is often used in the construction of garages. Depending on the roofing material used and the climatic conditions of the area, its angle of inclination should be different:
- for slate - 20–35 o;
- for corrugated board - not less than 8 o;
- for a soft roof - more than 10 o;
- for seam roofing - 8–30 o;
- for metal tiles - from 30 to 60 o.
Despite the fact that such a roof has simple design, if everything is done correctly, then it will serve for more than a dozen years. For the manufacture of the rafter system and the batten, only well-dried wood should be taken (humidity should be no more than 18%). If it is more humid, then during drying, the structure may change its size and shape.
A shed roof is quite within the power to do with your own hands to any home master. When choosing this particular design for a garage, its main advantages should be taken into account:
- simple calculation;
- not a large number of building materials;
- cheapness;
- high speed of erection;
- the possibility of improvement, insulation and modernization in the future.
Despite this, the shed design also has its drawbacks, which must also be taken into account:
- you will have to remove a large amount of precipitation, so you need to make an appropriate drainage system;
- if the slope of the ramp is less than 30 o, during heavy snowfalls, it will be necessary to manually clear the snow, since due to the slight angle of inclination, it will not be able to come off on its own;
- it will not be possible to make a full-fledged attic space;
- the building will not have a very attractive appearance, but for a garage this is not critical.
Materials for the manufacture of the truss system
If you decide to build a garage with your own hands, then to create its pitched roof, you need to prepare the following materials:
- beams and timber for the truss system;
- unedged boards for lathing;
- waterproofing materials - a special film is used for this;
- insulation - it can be mineral wool or polystyrene;
- roofing materials;
- fasteners: screws, nails, staples.
Roof coverings
For a shed roof, there is a large selection of roofing materials, each of them has its own characteristics:
- corrugated board. Differs in low weight, affordable cost and the possibility of reuse;
Decking is the most popular garage roofing material.
- slate. It is easy to install and has a long service life. Although the weight of this material is relatively large, and the appearance is not the most modern, over the years it has not lost its popularity;
Modern slate can be not only gray, but also painted in other popular colors.
- ondulin. This is a modern alternative to slate, which has less weight and an optimal price-quality ratio. In addition, it is much easier to mount;
Ondulin looks like slate, but is made from other materials, has less weight and is much easier to install
- metal tile. Has a beautiful appearance and is great for roofs large sizes with increased slope slope;
Metal tile imitates natural tile, but has less weight and cost
- false roof. For its manufacture, sheet or roll material, while the surface is durable and tight. Laying of such a coating is carried out using special equipment, since the fold is made at the venue construction works, and this is not the cheapest pleasure;
Seam roofing provides high tightness, but its installation requires special equipment and skills
- soft roof. Its cost is low, installation is simple and fast. The most modern coatings have a service life of up to 15–20 years, but it will still be less than that of other roofing materials;
by the most budget option for garage roofs with a slight slope is a soft roll roof
- flexible tiles. It is easy to install, but requires a solid crate, and this is an additional cost. The service life of such a roof will be relatively small - about 10-15 years;
For styling shingles a continuous crate is required, and its creation is associated with additional costs
- natural tiles. It has a beautiful appearance, but weighs a lot and requires special skills during installation. For a garage, this material is rarely used, usually when the garage is located next to the house and must be made in the same style as it.
For a garage, tiles are usually used only in cases where it is necessary that it be made in the same style with adjacent buildings.
Required Tools
To perform the work, you will need the following tools:
Shed roof device
As already mentioned, a shed roof is quite simple, it includes the following elements:
- truss system. It is the basis of the supporting structure, perceives all loads and serves to fasten other elements of the roofing system;
- racks, braces and other elements necessary to strengthen the truss system. They are usually used when the span exceeds 5–6 meters;
- crate. It serves as a support for the selected roofing material, it can be either solid or sparse;
- hydro and thermal insulation materials. Designed to protect the building from moisture and to keep it warm;
- roofing material. Protects the roof from external negative factors. The options for roofing used in the construction of a garage were discussed above.
Since the truss system is the main supporting frame of a shed roof, let's talk about it in more detail. The main element of this system is the rafter, which can be suspended when it rests on the ends, and layered if it has an intermediate support. Typically, the garage span between the supporting walls on which the roof is installed is about 4–5 meters, so in such cases it is possible to do without strengthening the truss system. At the junction of the rafters and the Mauerlat, a reliable connection is made, which is fixed with nails and anchors.
If the span is more than 6 meters, then it is necessary to strengthen the truss system with additional stiffeners
In addition to the rafter legs, the truss system includes the following elements:
- mauerlat - a beam that is installed on the walls and evenly distributes the load from the roof. in stone or brick garages attached to the wall with anchors. In wooden buildings, the role of the Mauerlat is played by the last crown of the wall trim;
- overhang - the length of the rafter protrusion beyond the perimeter of the garage;
- pediment - part of the wall located between the corner of the roof and the eaves;
- crate - the basis for laying roofing material.
Installation of shed roof elements for a garage
After all have been purchased necessary materials and tools, you can go directly to the installation of the roof.
- Mauerlat laying. The specified element serves to evenly distribute the load from the roof to the walls of the building. This should be a bar with a section of not less than 10x10 cm. It is mounted on bearing walls with the help of anchors with a step of 1–1.5 m, its laying is controlled by a level. Between the wall and the timber it is necessary to lay a waterproofing material, usually a roofing material. The greater the slope of the slope, the thicker the section of the Mauerlat should be.
A waterproofing layer must be laid between the wall and the Mauerlat
- Installation of the truss system. Depending on the type of roofing material and the total external load on the roof, the section of the rafters and the distance between them are selected. Usually they take rafters measuring 100x50 or 150x50 mm, while the timber is installed on the edge. The distance between the rafter legs is usually chosen in the range of 60–100 cm. To fix the rafters in the Mauerlat, a tie-in is made so that the fastening is as reliable as possible. First, the extreme beams are laid at the same angle, then a rope is pulled between them and all the rest are mounted. If necessary, install elements to strengthen the truss system: struts, braces, etc.
When laying the rafters, it is necessary to ensure the same angle of inclination of the roof along the entire length, so they are usually aligned along a stretched rope
- Lathing. For it, unedged boards with a thickness of 20–25 mm are usually used, which are laid across the rafters and fixed with nails. Depending on the roofing material used, the sheathing step is selected, and a solid base is created for laying rolled materials or flexible tiles.
The lathing can be sparse or solid, it depends on the roofing material used.
- Roofing material. The selected type of roofing material is mounted on the crate. Depending on its type, fastening can be performed in different ways. Decking and metal tiles are fixed using roofing screws with seals, slate and ondulin are fastened with special nails, rolled materials are glued using bituminous mastic or due to a self-adhesive layer.
Roofing material can be sheet or roll, the method of its installation depends on it.
- Warming. If necessary, the roof is insulated. First, a waterproofing film is attached to the rafters using a stapler. Then the insulation is laid and fixed, usually mineral wool or polystyrene. After it, a vapor barrier film and material are stretched interior decoration ceiling - plywood, chipboard, MDF, etc.
As a heater for a shed roof, mineral wool or polystyrene is most often used.
To reduce the load on the rafter beams and be able to use a beam of a smaller section for them, the distance between the rafters must be made small.
Video: creating a pitched roof
Operation and maintenance of a shed roof for a garage
Since the shed roof has a simple device, its maintenance does not require much effort. The advantages of such structures have long been appreciated in Europe, where they are used not only in outbuildings, but also for residential buildings.
In order for a shed roof to serve reliably and for a long period of time, it must be properly looked after. It's easy, just follow the following rules:
- with a slight slope of the roof during heavy snowfalls, it must be cleared of snow, since it will not be able to go off on its own. This is especially true in the spring when the snow becomes very heavy.;
- it is necessary to monitor the condition of the elements of the truss system and, in case of detection of serious damage, replace them. If this is not done, then after a while it may be necessary to completely replace the failed truss system or roofing material;
- Roofing should be inspected periodically. It is advisable to do this twice a year: in autumn and spring. If damage is detected in it, they must be urgently repaired, otherwise, as a result of leaks, the wooden structural elements and insulation will begin to be damaged.
If you follow the rules described, you will be able to ensure the maximum possible life of the roof.
Shed roof repair
In the garage, they usually make a shed roof with a small angle of inclination, and roll materials are often used to cover it. If the service life of a conventional roofing material does not exceed 5 years, then its modern counterparts can serve up to 15–20 years.
The main enemy of the roofing material is ice that appears in the cold season, the improper removal of which with a steel scraper or shovel leads to damage to the roofing material. In addition, damage can occur from walking on such a roof and from exposure to rain, wind and sun.
Before the onset of cold weather, it is imperative to perform a routine inspection of the coating in order to identify possible defects. Order and list repair work will depend on the degree of damage to the coating.
Fixing cracks and small holes
If the roofing material is covered with cracks, but is not leaking yet, it is enough to thoroughly clean it of debris and cover it again bituminous mastic. Keep in mind that you will need about 1.2–1.5 kg of mastic per square meter of surface.
If there is a small hole, the area around it should be well cleaned, and then simply filled with bitumen mixed with sawdust or sand. It is better to use not just bitumen, but a special mastic, since it contains additives that improve the plasticity and adhesion of the material.
To eliminate cracks, the surface of the roofing material is covered with bituminous mastic.
Damage repair
If the damage is significant, then a patch is applied to it. To do this, use a piece of roofing material, which is larger in size than the damaged area. The place is also cleaned, after which the patch is lubricated and pressed to the surface. If there is a topping on the roofing material on both sides, then it will prevent it from sticking, so it must be removed. This is done with the help of solar oil, which is applied to the sprinkled layer, and then removed with a spatula. After installing the patch, it must also be covered with a layer of mastic.
If the damage is small, it can be repaired with a roofing felt patch.
Elimination of through holes
Through holes are eliminated by replacing all layers of the coating up to the base.
Repair of such roofing materials as slate, metal tiles, ondulin and metal profiles is carried out by replacing the damaged sheet with a new one.
Video: roof repair from roofing felt
The shed roof for the garage is easy to install and maintain. It can be used to cover other outbuildings. In order to build it correctly, it is necessary to determine the slope of the slope, depending on the roofing material used and the weather conditions of the region where the work is being carried out. If you follow the recommendations of experts, you can do it yourself reliable roof that will serve for decades.
09.04.2013
The car has long ceased to be a luxury item. Today it is a common means of transportation. Not everyone has the opportunity to find a company after purchasing a car and order the construction of a garage. Pleasure is not cheap. Therefore, many do it with their own hands.
If there is room on your land, then why not try building a garage yourself? But first you need to think everything over carefully, sit over the sketches for more than one evening and make a single right decision. The complexity of the work depends on what material you will make the walls from. There are many options here. You can build a garage from bricks, from cinder blocks, you can pour it from concrete, or use lightweight concrete. The easiest way to build from wood, but there are options.
A wooden garage is made of timber, its thickness can be any. They make a garage using a frame, and then either wooden elements are attached to it, or the outside is covered chipboard boards, and from above they are protected by sheets of flat slate. The cost of such garages will depend only on the price building material and its delivery. And such a garage will cost you much cheaper than if you turn to a construction company for help.
Whatever you decide to build a garage from, you cannot do without a solid foundation. But don't make it too strong. It's not a two-story building, though. It will be enough to deepen it by 50 cm and make the thickness the same as the walls. If you carefully dig a trench, then you can do without formwork. But if you used an excavator to dig a trench, then you will have to make formwork.
On the leveled bottom of the trench, pour 10-15 centimeters of sand in an even layer and compact it. Make formwork boards. Install them in the trench. Try to level the top of the shields. Then it will be easier for you to build walls if the foundation is horizontal.
By the way, a simple level is not suitable for this. You will either need to purchase or make your own liquid level. With it, you will accurately set the corners, and then along the cord and the entire formwork. If there is a great desire, then you can install reinforcement in the formwork, just do not put any iron objects there. From this, the foundation may even crack over time.
After you pour the concrete into the formwork, give it time to set and harden. Formwork can be removed in 2-3 days. If this is not done, then it will be much more difficult to do it later. The boards can stick to the concrete so that during their dismantling they will simply break.
Having finished pouring the foundation, proceed to the construction of walls and roofs. The technology of building walls from different materials will be very different from each other. Therefore, in each case, use the method inherent in this material.
The best option for saving time and money for a car owner is to build a garage from corrugated board with their own hands, which does not require a large amount of work with cement mortars. Thereby total cost construction is reduced both in terms of materials expended and in the number of necessary skilled workers. If there is an installation manual, the metal sheet around the entire perimeter and the roof, if there is 1 assistant, is fixed independently. This design is lightweight, so it does not require a powerful foundation. Inexpensive grades are thinner and fastener consumption increases for them. With thickness standards from 0.35 to 1.2 mm per garage, it is better to purchase brand "C" with a parameter of 0.5 mm.
It should be erected on flat areas located at a sufficient distance from slopes eroded by precipitation, undermined areas and growing ravines. Questions of the influence of geological conditions on the basis of construction are considered at the design stage.
Building a foundation for a garage
The weight load on the soil of a frame structure measuring 5x7 m and subsequent sheathing with a profiled sheet will not exceed 0.35 tons. With a tape shallow base width of 0.2 m, it is permissible to make a garage right next to the main wall (basement) of a residential building without rigid binding to its support .
The simplest for a pencil case for 1 car is a pile design. Columnar can be in one of the options:
- bored piles;
- supports made of bricks, blocks;
- screw elements (most fast way for any location and season).
First, draw up a drawing indicating the location of the support points. The design of the floors, the materials used for its manufacture depend on the chosen scheme. Under the garage-pencil case made of corrugated board on screw piles, it is enough to install and tie it with a rigid grillage of I-beam or channel from 10 to 14 supports. An example of such a foundation of 11 elements: 4 pcs for each wall, 2 pcs for the gate frame, 1 pc - back wall.
Floor installation technology includes operations:
- opposite (across the room) pipes are welded with a channel;
- they are reinforced with 2 channel strips 8 under the right and left wheel lines;
- on the rest of the floor area, a crate is welded from a steel profile pipe with a wall thickness of 4 mm and a cross section of 40 × 40 mm. It is enough to make a step between such rods from 0.4 to 0.5 m.
With a low floor height above ground level, the interior space is sometimes simply covered with sand (with the installation of walls along the perimeter of flat slate) and a screed is made. For any type of foundation (pile, MZLF), a fertile layer of soil is removed inside the perimeter and replaced with sand or gravel. This will extend the life of the deck, especially if wood beams are used.
Another major option for the foundation device is the pouring of a concrete reinforced slab with a thickness of at least 0.4 m. The price of materials will be higher, but the issue of a solid floor is immediately resolved, and the frame will not experience deforming forces from soil movements. When pouring concrete with their own hands, they necessarily expel air from it with a vibrator and carry out the “ironization” of the surface - even pre-fabricated collapsible garages have been in operation for decades and they need a reliable solid foundation.
The technology of assembling walls from a profiled sheet
The steel frame is assembled from vertically mounted profile pipes and horizontal stiffeners welded to them.
- Initially, it is determined where the opening for the gate will be. Racks are attached to anchor bolts in the corners and in the passage. On each side wall, 7 such racks are made, which are aligned with a plumb line.
- Vertical supports are connected with a sheet to provide initial rigidity. Check the diagonals (on the top and on the floor) of the resulting box. Until the end of the formation of a rigid strapping, they cannot be removed.
- Weld horizontal beams, starting from the top (crossbars). Their location may vary if it is intended to lay polystyrene foam in the walls for insulation. Soft roll material is easier to lay.
It is better to paint over welded seams immediately so that corrosion does not corrode them over time. The plates are mounted to the profile with self-tapping screws with wide caps, under which compensating rubber washers are installed. The panels are overlapped (like slate) so that there are no gaps. To increase the strength and tightness of the coating, the overlap spot is lubricated with adhesive mastic. After its complete polymerization (2-4 days), the lining acquires the qualities of a continuous sheet.
Roof
The roof of any geometry can be done by yourself, based on preferences or need. For the garage, the following forms of the upper part are chosen:
- lean-to;
- domed;
- gable;
- flat;
- combined.
When developing its drawing, it is important to take into account the wind and snow load characteristic of the region. According to the number of vertical pillars of the frame in the longitudinal wall, it will be necessary to make elements to support the roofing from the profiled sheet. They consist of 2 rafters converging at an angle that will provide a slope angle of at least 20 °, and a vertical stop of the ridge in a horizontal connection. Such parts are best harvested and welded according to one template.
They begin the installation of the rafters from the pediment (from the gate) and at each step of this operation they check the coincidence of the axes of the box and the future flooring. A do-it-yourself combined corrugated roof should exert uniform pressure on the underlying structures (walls, foundation). A significant distortion in the distribution of loads and vibrations leads to rapid wear of fasteners and welded joints.
Common mistakes during installation
Incorrect accounting of all existing destructive factors creates a risk of damage not only to the garage itself, but also to the car. The main shortcomings of the project and its implementation are classified as follows:
1. Unstable (weak) foundation. Wooden frame buildings are often placed simply on cinder blocks laid out around the site. The structure of the wood compensates for slight distortions from the movement of the soil. Steel is stronger, but has residual deformation, which leads to distortion and further destruction, prevents the opening / closing of doors, cracks the anti-corrosion coating of the metal, bursts fasteners.
2. Large spacing of stiffeners, especially rafters. Assembling the profiled sheet summer time creates a feeling of metal reliability even when strong wind, but heavy snowfall will be able to bend the roof in the opposite direction, resting it on the car.
3. Weak goalposts. The entrance block must be securely fixed in relation to the adjoining walls. If an accidental impact of a heavy sash on the frame is capable of moving the adjacent frame, then it will quickly deform and destroy it.
4. The weakening of the step-by-step control of the frame geometry leads to inconsistencies at the final stage, the formation of cracks, loss appearance, the need to use "people's ingenuity" without a guarantee of saving the calculated specifications details and materials.
5. Screwing in self-tapping screws at different angles, damage to the polymer sheet protection by a power tool, open slots, increased gaps. Saving on rubber washers will not only allow moisture to penetrate at the attachment points, but will also lead to rattling of the cladding under gusts of wind.
6. Cutting the cost estimate for the acquisition quality materials for construction leads to the effect "they didn't wait, but it happened."
7. Savings on insulation and waterproofing. A significant temperature difference under the profiled sheet is achieved not so much in winter as in summer. Most of all it is harmful to rubber and plastic. The formation of condensate adversely affects the service life of steel, wood. An additional advantage of the heat-insulating layer is a significant reduction in the passage of sounds from both outside and inside the room.
From the inside of the attachment to the racks, it is better to lay the sheets with plastic wrap and wooden slats(section 4-5 cm). This technique will provide a sufficient ventilation gap to remove water condensate. If necessary, reduce the distance in the places where the screws are screwed in, it is permissible to cover the steel plane with a layer of silicone sealant.
To update the anti-corrosion protection along the cutting line, spray paint sprayed onto metal that has not yet oxidized will help. In the absence of stable skills in working with an electric screwdriver, it is better to use a manual analogue - an accidental breakdown will damage the profiled sheet. Such operations are performed efficiently and efficiently with the help of an automatic screwdriver. To carry out the installation of the flooring with your own hands, you will need at least 2 people.
The cost of building a garage
To make a rough estimate, begin with monitoring the prices of materials in your region. If you start harvesting in advance, you will be able to find quality products during the period of seasonal discounts, sales of leftovers by large wholesalers, and save on transportation costs.
Indicators for preliminary calculation:
- the amount of materials for the project;
- transport costs;
- price of tools and equipment;
- workers' wages.
If necessary, energy resources are turned on (for example, refueling an electric generator at a remote construction site where electricity has not yet been brought up). Unforeseen expenses are laid at a rate of 5-10%.
A simplified estimate for a do-it-yourself building without a foundation:
- corrugated board for a garage in the amount of 18 sheets at 420 rubles / piece - 7,560 rubles.
- profile pipe 80 × 80 × 3 only 70 m - 30,000.
- corner 100 × 100 × 7 410 cm long - 2,500.
- profile pipe 60 × 40 × 2 only 24 m - 5,000.
- Total 45,060 rubles (without foundation, interior decoration and labor of workers).
Mineral wool can be purchased for insulation, its cost per 1.5 m³ is about 4,300 rubles. Depending on the type of foundation, the desire to equip viewing hole, the basement to the estimate will have to be added from 1/3 or more of the above calculation.
Every motorist is well aware that the car must be stored in a dry place. Excessive moisture can cause metal corrosion, which leads to damage to the car body. Therefore, the humidity in the garage where the car is standing should be minimal. One of the main places through which water can enter is the roof of the garage. That is why its installation and operation must be given great attention. Next, we will look at how to make a roof on a garage with your own hands correctly.
In order to start work, you need to decide on the type of roof that will be armed. Below we give the most popular roof designs that are used in the construction of garages:
- Flat roof. It can hardly be called flat, of course. After all, even such a roof has a small slope, to prevent the accumulation of moisture. slope flat roof, as a rule, does not exceed 2⁰-3⁰. Usually, this method is used to cover the roofs of garages in garage cooperatives, where the buildings are right next to each other, which makes it difficult to make an overlap using a different method. This type of roof is most popular for building a garage, as it is mounted quite easily and quickly.
- Double pitched roofs. Less common in the construction of garages. Such a roof has a more complex structure than a flat one, and its installation takes a longer time.
- Tent or hip roofs. Quite rarely found as a roof for a garage due to the complexity of the design. The only justified case for using this coating method is the architectural uniformity of the garage with other buildings.
- Mansard type roofs. Through such a roof above the garage, they usually equip a living space or a workshop. The cost of this design is very high, and is justified if there is a need for additional space. The process of building a mansard-type roof is quite complicated and requires special knowledge and skills.
Types of roofing materials
For different types roofs, various roofing materials are used:
- Roll materials. These include roofing material, rubemast and other bitumen-based materials. Also recently, glass-based membrane coatings and floors have become widespread. As a rule, they are used for flat roofs. Their main advantage is good waterproofing, relatively low price and ease of installation. The disadvantages of rolled or soft roofing materials include their relatively low service life, potential fire hazard and fear of strong heat.
- Slate. Wave slate has been a leader among roofing materials for several decades. As a rule, they are covered with gable, shed roofs or mansard-type structures. The slate is laid on a wooden crate and fastened with self-tapping screws. Its advantages include low price and excellent performance. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the fear of impacts and fragility, as well as a lot of weight, which requires the construction of powerful truss systems.
- Metal tile. used for roofing pitched roofs. It is a sheet of galvanized metal formed under the structure of the tile, covered with a special anti-corrosion coating. Such material is easy to install, has excellent performance, is not afraid of shock, has little weight. Service life of a metal tile can reach 50 years. Of the shortcomings, only its price can be distinguished. In addition, when hail or heavy rain hits, a metal roof can give an unpleasant resonance.
- The corrugated board, in principle, is similar to a metal tile. The only difference is the profile structure.
- Ondulin. Represents the sheets of a cardboard impregnated with bitumen. This is not a very popular roofing material for a number of reasons. It burns quickly, is not very practical, requires a large amount of fasteners, and has a short service life.
Flat roof roofing with soft roll material
So, our garage is built, reinforced concrete slabs are laid on the ceiling and we need to block the structure.
- To begin with, you should ask yourself the question: will our new room be heated. If yes, then it will be necessary to lay a layer of thermal insulation, if not, we will manage with only waterproofing.
- First of all, we prepare the coating. We remove it from construction debris and dust. If this is not done, there is a risk that water may seep into the voids formed due to dust lumps.
- After cleaning, the coating is thoroughly primed, usually with a primer. Filling gaps between tiles cement mortar. Then we lay roofing material on the surface with an overlap of at least 150 mm.
- Next, we place a layer of thermal insulation on the surface of the roofing material. It can be expanded clay, slag or expanded polystyrene plates. With the help of thermal insulation, it is possible to form the necessary slope of the roof.
- The next step will be laying the screed. It is laid on the basis of a cement-sand mortar prepared in the proportion of 1 part of M-400 cement and three parts of sifted river or quarry sand. After laying the screed, you must wait 2-3 days until it finally hardens.
- When the screed hardens, a bituminous solution is applied to its surface. To reduce the cost of work, you can use melted resin. because of high temperature resin with it must be handled carefully, using personal protective equipment.
- A layer of waterproofing is laid on the surface of the bituminous layer. As a rule, rolled material, such as roofing material, rubemast or hydroisol, is used as insulation. Their basis can be bitumen or fiberglass. The material is laid with an overlap of up to 30% of its width. If all the work is carried out correctly, then such a roof will serve for quite a long time.
Annually in the summer it is necessary to inspect the soft roof. If minor damage is detected, the area of the damaged coating is cut out and a patch is applied, the edges of which are smeared with bitumen. After 10-12 years of service soft roof accepted to change.
Do-it-yourself shed roof of a garage made of slate
To install such a roof, it is necessary to make a truss system. When building the walls of the garage, a slope should be provided. Therefore, as a rule, one of the walls of the building is made higher.
Step-by-step order of work:
- The first step is to mount the floor beams. For this, a timber with a size of 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm is perfect. When choosing a tree for installing a truss system, it is necessary to carefully examine it. The bars should not have knots, potholes and defects. The wood must be dry.
- Beams are placed on the so-called seismic belt. They should be parallel to the floor. If such a belt is absent, then a special board is attached to a high wall at a height equal to the height of the opposite wall. This is done with dowels with a diameter of at least 8 mm in increments of not more than 500 mm.
- On the attached board and the surface of the opposite wall, we lay the beams at a distance of no more than 800 mm from each other.
- Next at high wall install vertical rafters. For them we use the same beam as for the beams. The rack is installed on the beam, and one of its edges is sawn under the rafters.
- The next step is to lay the rafters with one end on a vertical beam, the other on a horizontal one. It is necessary to fasten beams and rafters rigidly, because the reliability of the entire structure depends on this.
- Next, install the braces. Braces are diagonal beams that connect slanted rafters to a horizontal beam. Their installation is designed to improve the rigidity of the structure and its reliability.
- We place a layer of waterproofing on the inclined rafters. As a rule, it is used as a polyethylene film or hydroisol. It is necessary to start laying waterproofing from the bottom. The junction of the two strips should be on the rafter. The material is attached to the rafters using a construction stapler. You can duplicate the mount using a wooden plank nailed over the rafters. We seal the overlaps and joints of the material with construction tape.
- The next step is laying the crate to which the roofing material will be attached. For her, we take a board 50 mm wide and 20 or 50 mm thick. We place it across the rafters and fasten it with stainless steel screws. If the planks are smaller than the length of the roof, then we saw them down so that the joint is in the middle of the rafter. The distance between the boards of the crate depends on the size of the roofing sheet. The sheet should cover two laths of the crate and enter 120-150 mm from each side.
- The last step will be the installation of roofing material. In our case, it will be slate. We start laying from the lower right corner. We fix the slate with slate nails or self-tapping screws. Sheets of corrugated board or metal tiles are laid in the same way.
Laying thermal insulation
If you want to insulate the roof of your garage, then it is best to use mats from mineral wool. It is necessary to choose a material when a garage roof project is being developed. This is done so that the width of the insulation matches the distance between the rafters. In order for the material not to draw moisture, it is protected from interior layer of vapor barrier. It can be a polyethylene film or a membrane material.
After laying the vapor barrier, the roof can be finished with sheets of fiberboard, chipboard or other sheet material. A good option can be sheathing from layers of drywall. However, it is worth remembering that it makes no sense to insulate only the roof, so if you want to get a warm room, then you should also think about insulating the walls and garage doors.
Garage roof: photo
