The most economical heating for a private house. How to make cheap home heating with electricity. More ways to save
Autonomous heating systems in private houses perform one of the main functions in their arrangement. Not only the comfort of living depends on the correct distribution of heat in the premises. Heating also carries a constructive load: it prevents the occurrence and spread of dampness, fungus and mold. With the constant rise in prices and the expensive cost of connection, the question of which heating is better in a private house is becoming more and more relevant.
Autonomous heating has a number of advantages, but you still need to choose the right system Source 999.md
Heating systems: their choice and the requirements that apply to them
To date, various schemes for the design of heating systems and models of equipment for them are presented. Ideal option when they are not selected. But there are basic rules that must be followed - to achieve the correct regulation, distribution and transfer of heat throughout all the premises of the building.
Video description
In our video, we'll talk about heating in a private country house. Our guest is the author and presenter of the Teplo-Voda channel Vladimir Sukhorukov:
The main criteria for choosing heating systems:
Minimum expenses with high heat transfer. Providing housing with the necessary amount of heat and small costs for installation, operation and maintenance.
Maximum automation. Heating systems, in order to ensure safety, must be operated with the least human intervention in their work.
High wear resistance of all elements. It is necessary to choose the necessary equipment taking into account its operational reliability.
In some cases, you can use the formula: "the simpler, the more reliable" Source promogaz.ru
Types of autonomous heating systems
The classification of all heating systems without exception occurs according to the type of fuel needed for their operation. If you need to constantly save on the energy consumption of the system, and it is possible to use several types of fuel for heating, then the best solution would be to purchase combined equipment. These models have all the advantages of standard types of heating boilers and can operate on several types of fuel. For information purposes, presented different types installation, so that the developer can choose which heating is best for a private house.
The boiler for the heating system can run on any type of fuel Source neohomesdeaf.org
Water heating
One of the most recognized devices of the individual heating system in your home. The heat carrier here is a pipeline closed along the contour with wiring, with water heated from the boiler circulating through it. Heating installation is carried out in several ways: one or two-pipe, with batteries (cast iron, steel, bimetallic) or convector-type radiators. The model of the heating boiler is set taking into account the type of fuel.
Schemes of an autonomous water heating system
There are several options for installing such systems. When designing a private house, you need to carefully consider their choice.
For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose which heating is best for a private house.
Wiring with separation according to the type of circulation system
assembly with natural circulation due to pressure difference;
installation with forced circulation type.
At the location of the supply line
installation with top wiring;
installation with bottom wiring.
It makes sense to consider such schemes only when building a two or three-story house Source pinterest.com
By number of stands
single-pipe installation diagram;
two-pipe scheme.
According to the location of the risers
vertical connection diagram;
horizontal connection diagram.
According to the scheme of laying the highway
decoupling scheme with passing highways;
decoupling scheme with dead ends highways.
The dead-end circuit is used with a small number of radiators Source dvamolotka.ru
Heating scheme "Leningradka"
The Leningradka scheme simplifies the management of the temperature adjustment process for each individual room in the house.
pros:
constant volume liquids in heat carriers;
saving on fuel;
noiselessness at work;
simplicity installation, maintenance and repair;
large term operation.
Minuses:
slow heating;
frequent cleaning radiators to increase heat transfer;
high possibility of leakage pipes in case of metal corrosion;
mandatory removal liquids from the system before its conservation;
the need for permanent job, to prevent freezing of the liquid in the cold season;
laboriousness during assembly.
Scheme of the heating system "Leningradka" Source promogaz.ru
air heating
The dwelling is heated directly with air, which is heated by a gas air heater, a water heat exchanger or an electric heater and is distributed by a fan through the supply air ducts to the heated premises of the house. The cooled air is taken from the premises through the return air ducts, mixed with it Fresh air from the street, this mixture is cleaned of dust by a filter, and again fed to the air heater for heating. And so on in a “circle” until the temperature in the house reaches the value set on the thermostat and the system turns off. When the temperature in the house drops by 1 degree, the thermostat will turn on the system again, and so on.
Video description
In this video we will discuss whether it is possible to install air heating yourself:
Instead of heating the air in winter, the air in such a system can be cooled in summer by installing an air conditioner evaporator or water cooler in the duct next to the air heater. The evaporator can be used to heat the air if outdoor unit The air conditioner has a heat pump function.
If necessary, a humidifier, an air sterilizer, an additional HEPA filter can be added to the channel.
pros:
- High levels of comfort due to the combination of heating, ventilation and air filtration in the basic version.
- Energy savings up to 30% compared to other types of heating due to controlled ventilation.
- High reliability, long service life and no threat of system defrosting.
- The ability to adjust the temperature regimes with a thermostat according to the program and via the Internet.
- Job Opportunity in air conditioner and heat pump mode.
- All types of air treatment in the house at one point (humidification, sterilization, additional filtration).
- Ease of maintenance (replacement of filters and other replaceable elements of the system).
- Air ducts occupy some part of the internal volume of the house.
- Air ducts must be inscribed in the design and interior of the house at the design stage.
Steam heating
Installation of heating with the device of steam systems and now remains in demand. The system normally works with various types of fuel - wood, gas, coal, electricity. During its installation, priority is given to combined heating methods (gas + electricity, solid fuel). Right choice combining fuel will significantly reduce the cost of heating a home.
Scheme of installation of autonomous steam heating system Source kevuza.recalobip.ru.net
Operating principle
In a steam boiler, the liquid is heated to the boiling point, and the resulting steam enters radiators or pipes. Gradually cooling, it condenses and flows back into the boiler. Reliability in operation directly depends on the model of the steam boiler. It must be chosen taking into account the area and engineering features of the building.
System advantages:
ecological purity;
fast heating houses, regardless of its area;
cyclicity;
good heat transfer;
small probability l freezing of the system.
In general, the steam heating scheme does not differ from conventional water heating. Source promogaz.ru
Minuses:
heat inside the coolant negatively affects the operational capabilities of the system;
availability required permits for commissioning;
unable to support a specific temperature regime inside the building;
noise when filling with steam;
the need for constant control due to the explosiveness of steam boilers;
big price equipment;
complexity installation.
Gas heating
If in the area where it is located private house, there is no main branch with gas, they assemble a system with liquefied gas heating. For this purpose on personal plot install a gas tank - a hermetic container, which is periodically filled with propane butane.
The gas tank is essentially a big gas bottle, which is buried near the house Source shumcity.ru
pros:
ecologicaly clean heat source;
increase service life equipment;
complete autonomy.
Minuses:
laboriousness installation;
inconvenience refueling;
problems with receiving permissive documents;
high cost installations;
constant the control from the side service departments;
if there is no connection to the gas main, then it is necessary Availability of special installations for fuel storage.
design of country houses and systems of heating and warming of houses on a turn-key basis. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Heating by electrical installations
Rising energy prices have significantly influenced the popularity of arranging heating systems using electricity. This approach is economically justified only in the absence of other alternatives. Electric fireplaces, convectors, infrared heaters, warm floors act as heat carriers in electrical systems.
Advantages of heating with energy carriers:
relatively small cost of equipment for installation;
it is possible to use electric boilers to obtain hot water supply;
environmental friendliness;
possibility of automation to maintain optimal building temperature regime;
not necessary in an expensive after-sales service;
the possibility of rearrangement heater from one room to another.
Minuses:
high power consumption (up to 24 kW / h) and considerable cost of electronic carriers;
the need to install additional multi-phase distributors;
possible power outages there is a failure in the whole scheme.
Geothermal installation to create a heating scheme
Choose the heating of a private house, using the energy resources of the earth for this purpose - to get an environmentally friendly and economical source of heat for heating private housing. The soil layers accumulate 98% of the sun's energy, which is the basis for fuel generation. Regardless of the season and temperature on the surface, heat is retained in the deep layers of the soil.
Arrangement scheme of a geothermal heating system Source promogaz.ru
The geothermal plant consists of external and internal circuits. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located below ground level. The internal circuit is a conventional system located in the house and assembled from pipes and heating radiators. The heat carriers are water or other liquid containing antifreeze.
pros:
the ability to set up and start the system in different climatic conditions;
ecological security;
permanent obtaining the required amount of thermal energy;
small expenses for operation.
Video description
Minuses:
high cost purchase of the necessary equipment;
payback installation is possible only after 7-8 years;
laboriousness installation;
the need to build collector.
Solar heating
An alternative and environmentally friendly way to generate heat is to install heating using solar collectors. In regions with low solar activity, this method is used as a fallback or additional option.
For the greatest efficiency of the system, it is necessary to properly position the batteries on the roof Source finetodesign.com
pros:
large operational period;
fast payback;
availability installation equipment;
best option for heat from electric heaters and when arranging underfloor heating;
ecological security;
simplicity in operation;
no cost for the purchase of fuel.
Video description
Minuses:
the need for constant sunlight;
need in complex calculations for correct installation photocells;
roof installation at a 30 degree angle;
desirable have a spare heat source available.
Stove heating
The use of fireplaces and stoves is advisable only as a source of additional or temporary heat energy when installing heating systems in individual construction. Mainly used for heating country cottages. In private houses of a large area, with permanent residence of people, they have no efficiency, since they are not able to provide uniformity in the supply of heat to all rooms. Or you will have to additionally mount a water heating system, and use the stove itself as a beautiful wood-burning boiler
The oven is more suitable for small house Source chrome-effect.ru
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey installation of stoves and fireplaces. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Conclusion
In order to decide on the best option for arranging autonomous heating systems and finally find out which heating system to choose for a private house, it is advisable, first of all, to analyze which type of fuel is most available in the area. It is on this that the decision in favor of installing a suitable heating system depends.
At the present time, many owners of suburban private houses or cottages are increasingly having to look for an alternative to gas as the main type of fuel to heat their homes. The reasons are different: for some, natural gas becomes too expensive, some have the opportunity to use other energy sources, and for some, main gas is simply not available due to its complete absence nearby. Then the question arises - what is the economical heating of a house without gas and what kind of fuel is better to use then?
Alternative energy carriers
There is no single answer to this question, since each individual case has its own nuances. For example, on your land plot there are many old large trees that are just asking for a firewood boiler.
Option two: in exchange for certain services, the customer is ready to supply you with diesel fuel or coal for a long time. It is clear that in such situations you will lean towards these types of energy carriers and not pay attention to others. In the long run, this will be a mistake, since such sources will sooner or later run out and you will have to look for other ways of heating. country house or buy the same fuel, but at a generally accepted cost.
Let's try to develop some kind of universal methodology for determining the optimal energy carrier for heating a home, which will suit each individual case. First, we will make a reservation that the technique will help determine for ourselves the cheapest heating without gas, we do not take it into account.
Just as we do not take into account various high-tech and exotic types of heating that are inaccessible to ordinary citizens. This includes heat pumps, solar panels, windmills and various types of machinery and vegetable oils. Then how to heat the house if there is no gas and the above sources? We have at our disposal: 
- ordinary firewood;
- eurofirewood;
- pellets;
- coal;
- diesel fuel;
- liquefied gas in cylinders;
- electricity.
For each of these energy carriers, a calculation of the costs for the entire cold period, then it will be clear what is cheaper to heat the house.
Important! Before starting calculations, it is necessary to bring the units of measurement of the amount of fuel into line, that is, to prevent confusion between volume (m3) and mass (kg). It is recommended that all types of energy carriers, except electricity, be reduced to units of mass - kilograms.
Calculation of heating costs
To find out what is the most economical heating of a country house, it is recommended for clarity to draw up a simple plate of this form:
In this table, the second column is filled in based on the cost of each type of fuel in your region, or your individual price is entered in it. The third column for the convenience of calculations is already filled. The cost of 1 kW of thermal energy is easily determined by dividing the price of 1 kg of fuel (column 2) by its specific calorific value (column 3).
The fifth column is filled in based on the fact that the average heat output in a private house with an area of 100 m2 per season is 5 kWh, and the duration of the heating season is 180 days (5 x 24 x 180 = 21600 kWh).
It is clear that the designs of houses are all different and the area will be different, as may be the length of the season in your area, so you will need to make appropriate adjustments. Multiplying the data in columns 4 and 5, we determine the estimated costs for the season.
However, these values do not take into account the efficiency of the equipment, the values of which are given below. Dividing the estimated costs by the value of efficiency, in the last column we get a direct answer to the question - the cheaper it is to heat a house other than gas.
Those homeowners in whose homes have already been installed gas boilers, you can add another row below for comparison, filling it with data on natural gas, based on actual fuel consumption and its price.
It would seem that now everything has fallen into place and you can safely make a choice in favor of one or another energy source for economical heating. But this approach is one-sided, because there is still such a thing as convenience and complexity in maintaining and operating the heating system of a private house.
The choice of energy carrier, taking into account ease of use
The comfort of operation of boiler equipment that supplies heat to water heating is an important factor, since any extra trouble and inconvenience is your time and money. That is, the total costs increase indirectly in proportion to how much effort is put into keeping the system running. In some cases, economical heating systems after the first season no longer seem so economical, and sometimes you want to pay extra money, just not to mess with such problems.
Unlike financial indicators, ease of use is the same value for each type of fuel, so it can be found out immediately, which will help you make a choice. Convenience will be evaluated according to the following criteria:
- complexity of repair or maintenance of the boiler plant;
- necessity and convenience of warehousing;
- comfort in daily operation (the need to load fuel, and so on).
To find out which of the energy carriers will provide comfortable and economical heating of a private house, we will compile a second table, where for each of the criteria we will put down all types of fuel on a five-point system, after which we will summarize.
Service
Require no maintenance electric boilers, other than occasionally opening the lid and dusting or cleaning the contacts, for which they receive the highest praise. Some actions are required if you heat a country house with liquefied gas. Once every 2 years, it is recommended to check and, if necessary, clean the igniter and burner, which is why propane is a solid four. Pellet boilers get 3 points for requiring several times a year to clean the combustion chamber and once a chimney.
Accordingly, wood and coal units need to be cleaned frequently, as they become dirty. The worst in this respect is the case with diesel fuel, since often its quality leaves much to be desired, which is why the frequency of service is unpredictable.
Warehousing
It is clear that electricity does not require storage space, while liquefied gas and diesel fuel may require some space. But when economical heating of a private house with firewood is organized, then a lot of space for a warehouse will be required. The same goes for pellets, as they need a dry room or a special silo. As for coal, there is a lot of waste, dust and dirt from it, therefore - the lowest rating.
Ease of use
And here, economical electric heating turned out to be at its best, since it does not require any intervention during operation. Pellets and liquefied gas must be replenished periodically, 1-2 times a week, or even less often. A little more attention should be paid to diesel fuel, more for supervising work than for the purpose of adding fuel.
Well, traditionally delivers the most trouble heating system in a private house on coal and wood, here loading into the combustion chamber is needed from 1 to 3 times a day.
In the last column, by summing up, the results are summed up, according to which the most comfortable and convenient is heating. country house winter with electricity. If this result is considered in combination with financial costs, then electricity may not be the worst option.
Conclusion
An integrated approach to the issue shows that the most economical heating systems for summer cottages and country houses can be the most troublesome during operation. Therefore, do not rush and carefully weigh and calculate everything, and even better - install an electric boiler in combination with any other.
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By different reasons Despite the high cost of electricity, owners of private houses often opt for heating using electrical equipment. This method of buildings is considered the most expensive, so the issue of saving money spent on maintaining a comfortable temperature in the premises is relevant. Economical electric heating of a private house will help solve the problem. How to organize it is described in this article.
Types of electric boilers
Electric heating devices are divided into several main groups:- heating elements;
- electrode boilers;
- induction equipment;
- infrared heaters.
Tubular heaters (TENY)
They belong to the most popular type of heating devices. Their work is based on the transfer of heat from a tubular electric heater to a liquid heat carrier (usually water is used, less often antifreeze).Advantages of heating elements:
- the design of the unit shown in the photo excludes electrical contact with the coolant. Thanks to this, they can be equipped with emergency automation designed for protective shutdown;
- the type of coolant does not affect the power of tubular heaters, it changes if the voltage in the network increases or decreases. Thanks to this feature of the device, it is possible to organize a stepped or smooth heating method. When the owner wants to implement economical heating with electricity, this advantage should be used (read also: "").
- the working life of the heating elements is limited. When purchasing such a boiler, it is necessary to pay attention to whether it is possible to replace the heating elements, which in the future will lead to saving money, since you do not need to buy a new device;
- scale is formed on the surface of the heating elements and for this reason they can fail ahead of time;
- water must have a certain hardness, therefore, if this indicator exceeds the norm, measures must be taken to reduce it.
Electrode boilers
The structural device of such a boiler is simple for a simple: electrodes are built into the tank. Heating of the coolant occurs due to the release of heat when current passes through the liquid. At the same time, there is noelectrolysis process, so the anode and cathode alternate continuously with a frequency of 50 Hz.
Advantages of electrode boilers:
- compared to tubular electric heaters, they are more reliable and have a longer service life. If scale forms on the electrodes, they do not fail;
- have smaller dimensions.
- when using water as a heat carrier, it requires special treatment;
- when antifreeze is used, it must be designed by the manufacturer of the device.
induction equipment
Its device is similar to that of a transformer.The induction device has two circuits:
Advantages of induction devices:
- the possibility of boiler breakdown is minimized, since it does not have heating elements;
- practically no scale is formed;
- high degree of electrical safety;
- the equipment operates in a wide range of pressures and temperatures;
- usage different kind coolants.
- significant weight;
- large dimensions;
- high price;
- the possibility of problems with smooth power control.
Infrared heaters
It is believed that the most economical electric heating can be organized using infrared devices. From different manufacturers, they differ not only in size, but also in weight and color. Often these devices are called panels, and they are usually installed on a wall or ceiling, where they will not interfere with the movement of people (read also: "").
Infrared heaters can be used to heat residential premises, offices, production halls, etc. They are usually used when fast heating is required. The principle of their operation is based on the fact that the infrared rays coming from the device heat the surfaces of walls, floors, objects in the room, after which they give off heat to the air. Often, it is organized in this way.
- they provide fast space heating;
- no combustion of oxygen;
- people in the room feel a pleasant warmth;
- it is possible to heat the room only from below, which allows you to organize economical electric heating;
- combustion products are not formed during operation;
- the presence of automatic adjustment and control of the device;
- there is no air circulation, which means that dust does not move;
- the device is simply mounted and easy to care for - it is not necessary to involve a specialist;
- long service life is from 12 to 35 years;
- devices are absolutely fireproof.
Electric heating - a device, see an example in the video:
How to organize economical heating
In a private house, you can organize economical heating with electricity using an electric boiler (read also: "").But provided that the following requirements are met:
- The heat output required for space heating should be reduced. To do this, it is required to eliminate heat loss by insulating the walls, ceiling, windows of the house. After carrying out a number of works to reduce heat loss, electricity consumption will decrease.Of course, the implementation of such measures will require financial costs, but laying and connecting the line from the main gas pipeline is also an expensive pleasure. See also: "".
- To organize economical heating with electricity for the house, you need to choose correct option heating. The right way will be the one that will save more money (read also: ""). For example, if it is well insulated one-room apartment, it is better to use the electric boiler as an additional source of heat, despite the fact that the centralized steam heating system will constantly function. In apartments with a large number of rooms, it is advisable to install appliances with built-in power control, since they allow you to maintain in each room different temperature depending on when they are used.
- In the room, you need to install different types of heaters and combine them to get really economical heating of a private house with electricity. All types of heaters differ in performance, and their proper combination can provide efficient heating with electricity.
for bathroom the best choice an infrared heater will become, since it will need to be turned on before taking water procedures, and, as you know, this device warms up the room very quickly. In the kitchen, you can use a combination heating appliances. The optimal solution there will be an infrared heater plus an electric convector. You can use them in the following way. will constantly work at low power and thereby maintain the minimum allowable temperature in the kitchen when all the residents of the house are absent. In the evening after returning, you need to turn on the infrared heater and quickly heat the room to a comfortable state. - It is necessary to control the temperature in the house with the help of thermostatic automation. It can be configured in such a way that in the absence of people in the house the temperature drops significantly, and in their presence comfortable conditions of stay are maintained in the room. As a result, the operation of heating equipment in this mode will significantly save.
- If possible, use the night rate. The price of electricity at night compared to the daily cost is several times lower. To install a multi-tariff electricity meter, the property owner needs to contact the district energy supply organization.
As follows from the above information, organize economical heating using electrical appliances it is quite possible, but without taking a number of measures it is unrealistic to do so. Before embarking on a project, you should decide which electric heating is the most economical in this case and think it over carefully. See also: "".
The cost of providing heating at home will not be so big if everything is done correctly. When the power consumption of the heating devices planned for installation exceeds the established value in the contract for the supply of electricity, this issue must be agreed with the organization supplying electricity, otherwise serious problems for consumers cannot be avoided.
Heating a private house requires certain financial costs - consumers need to regularly pay for the energy they use. Therefore, the question of the efficiency of heating systems worries many. How to make the most economical heating of a private house with your own hands? Which heating boiler to choose? To do this, you need to understand what a particular heating system is and what its potential is in terms of ensuring efficiency.
Traditionally, autonomous heating systems are used to heat private houses. The energy sources for their operation are natural gas, liquefied gas, solid fuels, liquid fuels and electricity. Natural gas systems are considered the most economical.. But in some conditions, their profitability does not play any role. For example, if the house is not connected to a gas main, then comparisons with gas are not appropriate here.
Gas heating systems
Economical heating systems of a private house are systems that operate on a cheap heat carrier. If there is a gas main nearby, we boldly connect to it and use one of the most inexpensive sources of energy. Comparing the cost of gas with the cost of other sources, you begin to understand that this is one of the most inexpensive species fuel.
Solid fuel heating systems
Economical heating of a private house without gas can be built on the basis of a solid fuel boiler. It is powered by coal, coke, briquetted fuel and even ordinary firewood. Coal burns the longest, but it is also quite expensive. But the heating system is not only economical, but also inexpensive - the simplest solid fuel boiler is quite affordable.
The cheapest heating of a private house without gas is built using solid fuel boilers, sometimes homemade. If you want to ensure a more convenient operation of the system, you should look at the boiler with a small bunker for pellet fuel (fuel pellets). Such pellet boilers operate in automatic mode, requiring only periodic loading of new portions of pellets.
The operation of solid fuel boilers on wood is complicated by the need to load firewood too often. In addition, a lot of firewood is needed, which increases the cost of operating the heating system. One has only to miss the moment of loading the next portion of fuel, as the house starts to get cooler. The problem is solved by installing special solid fuel boilers for long burning.
Liquid heating systems
Liquid fuel heating systems cannot be called the most economical. After gas and solid fuels, they occupy an honorable third place. Used engine oil and diesel fuel are used here as fuel. Because of this, in houses heated by liquid boilers, there is always a characteristic smell. There is also a need to create a special storage for liquid fuel, and at a distance from residential buildings - this creates additional costs.
Electric heating systems
It is difficult to create cheap heating of a private house with electricity - you need a source of free electricity. The whole point is that classic electric boilers are unusually voracious. And it is almost impossible to do something here, since their efficiency is 99% - that is, almost all energy is converted into heat. Some efficiency can be provided by induction boilers, but many experts are not ready to confirm this fact.
Economical electric boilers for heating a private house exist, but they cost much more than their simple small-sized counterparts. Achieving savings in them is carried out through the use of weather-dependent automation and room temperature sensors. That is, they are able to automatically adjust to the characteristics of outdoor and indoor temperature conditions by adjusting the heating power - if a person was involved in the adjustments, then the costs would be higher.
How to make economical heating in a private house
How to make cheap heating of a private house with your own hands? For this you need:
- Use the most economical and efficient heating boiler;
- Pay attention to the thermal insulation of your home;
- Use alternative heat sources.
The principle of operation of a condensing boiler, one of the most profitable devices for heating a private house.
If there is gas in the house, take a closer look at the condensing boilers - they have high efficiency and almost completely transfer heat from the burner to heating system. If you want to create the cheapest heating for a private house without gas, consider purchasing a solid fuel boiler - by buying a truckload of firewood, you will provide yourself with relatively cheap heat for the entire cold period. Also attention should be paid to the installation of radiators with high heat dissipation.
Thin front doors, lack of proper thermal insulation of the walls, old windows - all this contributes to the leakage of heat outside your home. We recommend that you install normal entrance doors with effective thermal insulation, order plastic windows and think about lining the house with a layer of brick (it is also possible to apply a cement “shirt” that creates good thermal insulation) - this will reduce heat loss and reduce heating costs.
Alternative heat sources
As for alternative heat sources, they can be:
- Infrared film for creating warm floors;
- Solar panels;
- Heat pumps.
A heating scheme in which heat is generated using electricity obtained from solar panels.
Solar panels use the free energy of the sun - they generate electricity that can be used to heat the coolant or to operate other heating equipment. Their downside is their very high cost.- you need to spend a lot of money to buy the required number of batteries.
Heat pumps use the energy of water bodies, soil or air. The principle of their operation is based on the intake of heat from environment and transfer it to heated rooms. If you do not delve into the laws of physics, then the principle of operation of the refrigerator is used here. To power heat pumps, external sources of electricity are needed, but even with this in mind, the heating system turns out to be quite economical. But the cost of heat pumps so far crosses out their advantages.
If you need to create an economical heating system for a private house without gas, you can use infrared film. It is powered by electricity and provides floor heating - under the action of infrared radiation, they heat up and begin to give off heat to the premises. According to experts, the film provides up to 30% efficiency in comparison with the use of conventional electric boilers.
Heat bills no longer scare! What is the most economical way to heat a house?
Heating is the biggest energy expense in most homes. It accounts for from 35 to 50% annual electricity bills.
Most effective method reduce the size of these bills - reduce the use of energy for heating.
The heating system replaces the heat that is lost through the walls, windows, floor and ceiling of your home.
Ways to economically heat a private house
The amount of energy required to replace the lost heat depends on four factors:
- location of the house (in colder regions, consumption is higher);
- the size of the building;
- energy efficiency at home;
- energy efficiency of the heating system.
The first factor is the main but it does not depend on you. The colder the weather outside, the more energy is required to maintain comfortable temperature inside.
important and house size. A spacious room contains a significant amount of air that needs to be warmed up. Therefore, a large house requires large heating costs.
A great opportunity to save energy and money is to improve the energy efficiency of your home and its heating system. There are several ways to do this:
- select optimal type heating system;
- improve facade insulation;
- repair the heat distribution system (air ducts and pipes);
- eliminate heat leakage through doors, windows and various cracks.
How to perform facade insulation
Thermal insulation of the facade in the form of its insulation is the main protection of the house from heat loss through the building body. Therefore, it is very important to insulate the largest part of the house in terms of area - the walls of the facade. Insulating materials reduce heat loss by providing a barrier between inside home and significantly different temperatures outside.
Houses use different types of insulation. The most common ones- polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene and fiberglass.
Polyurethane foam
Foam insulation is spray or injection foam.
- spray foam in a liquid state, it is distributed in the open spaces of a new house design. After that, the foam expands, fills the cavity and solidifies.
- injection foam pumped into existing cracks, crevices or other voids in walls. This makes this polyurethane foam indispensable for repairing the insulation of existing homes.
Styrofoam
Styrofoam happens with open or closed cells.
- Expanded polystyrene with open cells very light and flexible. When the polystyrene foam is foamed, the gas inside the cells escapes through holes in the cell wall. This process contributes to the creation of a light and flexible shape that compacts as it cures.
- Closed cell expanded polystyrene has a much denser and heavier structure. It forms a dense surface that is more resistant to weathering and temperature changes.
Fiberglass
Fiberglass is made from soda, limestone, sand and crushed glass and is supplied in slabs or rolls. It is placed in unfinished walls, floors and ceilings between pins, beams and crossbeams. Due to its fibrous structure, this material is excellent keeps air inside and prevents heat loss.
Photo 1. A piece of fiberglass. It is one of the most popular home insulation materials.
Efficient boilers for space heating
In order to efficiently and economically heat a house, it is necessary to choose a quality heating equipment . Most often, boilers are used in this role.
Condensing gas
Boiler operation with condensing gas allows you to use all the energy released during the combustion of gas. All boiler systems distribute heat to hot water, which gives off heat by passing through radiators or other devices in rooms throughout the home. The chilled water is then returned to the boiler for reheating.
In a conventional boiler, the heating system circuit is heated during the combustion of natural gas. condensing boiler uses the energy available in products gas combustion . These products contain water vapor. As the steam cools, it condenses and releases heat. The water in the heating circuit is heated by this energy. The evacuation of water released during condensation (condensate) is carried out through the sewage network.
Important! Natural gas is the most affordable source of energy. Therefore, the cost of operating a condensing boiler will be the most profitable.
Such a boiler is easy to operate, consumes less fuel than a standard gas boiler, and has an efficiency, often exceeding 100%.
Pyrolysis
The pyrolysis boiler runs on solid fuel. In this case, not only the firewood itself is burned, but also the gases that are released in the process.
Therefore, the efficiency of such boilers is up to 90%. Firewood or special pellets made from dried biomass burn in one chamber, releasing pyrolysis gas.
Under the influence of high temperature, the gas enters another chamber through a special nozzle, in which it burns, mixing with oxygen.
The thermal energy released in this process is much higher than in conventional boilers and burn time is much longer. Therefore, pyrolysis boilers are called long burning boilers.
Such gas-generating boilers do not depend on the presence of a main gas pipeline, and can most effectively use purchased fuel.
solid fuel
The simplest boiler is a wood or coal boiler. He completely autonomous, and does not require any connection to the gas pipeline or electrical network, nor the cost of paying for gas and electricity. Just a standard body is enough, consisting of a firebox (or combustion chamber) and a blower, and ordinary firewood.
Firewood is burning in the firebox thanks to the air that is supplied through the blower. In this case, thermal energy is released. It heats steel or cast iron heat exchanger in the form of a coil, located in the furnace, and increases the temperature of the coolant. Hot water gives off heat when it passes through the heating system of the house. The chilled water is then returned to the boiler for reheating.
Electric boiler
Electric boiler operation similar to the operation of other boilers: the water in it is heated, and then circulates in the heating system circuit and radiators.
Water is heated in these boilers via electric current . It provides high performance and excellent heating rate.
In addition, the installation electric boiler does not require large expenditures for the installation of expensive equipment, the presence of a chimney and a large room.
Warm floor
Underfloor heating - the most old form central heating . Even the Romans used an underfloor heating system that warmed buildings and baths. Today's system floor heating is gaining more and more popularity in Russia.
Underfloor heating is a system that heats a house through a heated floor covering. Exist two types of such system. In the first type warm water heats the floor, passing through the pipeline laid under the floor ("wet" system). In the second floor becomes warm with electric coils placed under it ("dry" system).
Concrete floor slabs heat up, and heat is radiated from under the floor into the room. "Wet" system can be connected to gas boiler for water heating. This will help to significantly save on cheap gas fuel.
Attention! For this type of heating massive building work is required. Therefore, its installation is best done during the construction of the house.
Infrared heating is one of the most economical ways
The infrared spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This form of radiated heat is the most basic. It's the same 100% natural heat type, which radiates and absorbs the human body daily.
Photo 2. Installation of infrared heaters under the roof of the house, this installation method allows you to completely warm up the room.
The peculiarity of infrared radiation is that it heats objects and people in its path. without heating the surrounding area. This makes infrared heating much more efficient than convection. The convective heat generated by conventional radiators and central heating systems only heats the air.
Warm air is distributed throughout the room, circulating uncontrollably and leaving objects in the room cool. Infrared heating radiates direct heat and heats everything. This type of heating brings long-lasting, comfortable warmth to the house, consuming less energy.
Infrared heaters can provide targeted heat anywhere, no matter the distance. This means that there is no need to spend electricity to heat a room of any, even the largest area, and heat is not lost due to air circulation.
Solar collectors - cheap and economical
Solar collectors use the heat of sunlight to heat water, which then goes inside the building. They consist of a panel of heat-absorbing material into which mixture of water and antifreeze to collect heat. This mixture then heats the water in the hot water system, so solar collectors must be integrated into the existing heat distribution system.
Photo 3. Solar collectors installed on the roof of the house. Devices must be placed at a certain angle.
Such thermal systems can be useful not only in warm climates. Even a small increase in water temperature dramatically reduces the amount of energy needed to heat it. Solar collectors create favorable conditions for the start of any heating systems. It means that less energy is used overall.
How to heat a house with heat pumps in winter and summer
Heat pumps are devices for transferring warm air using an electric pump. in winter warm air separates from the cold in the open air, and spreads into the interior of the house. In summer, the heat pump reverses the direction of flow and the warm air from the room is carried outside. Heat pumps use forced air systems to distribute heated air throughout the home.
Exist two types heat pumps.
Geothermal
Geothermal pumps pump warm air from a pipeline placed underground. The temperature in such a source stable throughout the year.
In geothermal pumps, the collector circuit is a coil buried in long, shallow pits or in vertical wells.
The efficiency of heat pumps is often happens more than 100%, because electricity is used in them not to create heat, but to move it.
Air
Air source heat pumps use outside air as a heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. These heat pumps look and install just like a central air conditioner.
Conclusion
Heating our homes is expensive and getting more expensive every year. As costs rise, each of us is looking for more affordable heating and insulation options. Fortunately, many such options. Choose carefully combine different types and systems of heating and you can choose the best option in terms of price and efficiency.
What is the most economical way to heat your home?
Home heating can be organized in different ways, but which is the most economical method available? We will try to understand this below.
Choosing a heating method - the nuances
To determine which option is the most economical way in your case, you should accurately answer a number of questions. Their list is as follows:
For example, for houses in which the owners are visiting, it is not advisable to use permanent heating.
Fuel
The very first thing is to find out what kind of fuel in your area is most affordable. The main criteria here are:
- uninterrupted supply;
- resource cost.
It is the availability of energy in this particular area that is the main starting point.
In most cases, they are used in private homes:
- natural gas;
- firewood;
- coal (both stone and brown);
- fuel oil;
- peat briquettes.
Sometimes they also heat with electricity - this is far from one of the most economical ways, but in the absence of an alternative and this opportunity should be considered.
Depending on the list of available resources, the boiler is also selected. The calorific value of this appliance directly affects the overall efficiency of the entire system.
The property mentioned above is weakest in systems operating on solid fuels. Followed by:
But, as statistics show, today, on average in Russia (if all the described energy carriers are available in any area without exception), then natural gas is necessarily the cheapest.
The least economical heating is undoubtedly electric. Other ways to do without gas, although much cheaper, will still require twice as much spending compared to the cost of blue fuel. However, in the absence of an alternative, you don’t really have to choose.
Depending on what kind of resource is available in your area, the choice of heating system is also made. There are 2 types most widely used in Russia:
Electricity
If a we are talking about electricity, here the proven ways to heat the house are:
- warm floor;
- infrared panels (film heaters, etc.);
- convectors;
- boilers.
The first three types are suitable for relatively economical heating of buildings where people do not permanently live. Their consumption is far from small, but a few days of use per month is not critical. For wooden capital country houses The most convenient are, probably, film heaters. They consume only 40 watts per square meter.
The advantages of electric heating are:
- low cost of installation;
- ease of maintenance;
- fine adjustment;
- noiselessness.
Water heating
Such systems work in the same way, regardless of the type of boiler installed in the house:
- the carrier, heated to the operating temperature, is fed into the pipes;
- circulates through all radiators (the latter, due to the convection of air masses, provide heat transfer);
- the cooled water is returned through a closed circuit back to the boiler.
At the same time, one of the most economical is heating with natural circulation. Since pumps are not installed in the system to pump the coolant, it means that there is no need to spend additional electricity.
At the same time, if the house has an area of more than 100 square meters, the described option will not work. A large length of communications leads to an increase in hydrodynamic resistance in the pipes, which means that the movement of water will be too slow.
The disadvantages of water heating are:
- the boiler must work constantly;
- adjusting the exact temperature in each room is almost impossible.
air heating
Compared to the methods described above, the considered one is quite economical. It is ideal for both houses where people always live, and for those in which they visit.
The principle of this system is simple:
- the air is heated directly through the heater;
- is supplied to the premises through special sleeves and grates installed either in the floor or in the wall.
Undoubted advantage can be called:
- literally lightning-fast heating of the whole house;
- economical use of fuel;
- high efficiency (about 90 percent);
- low duct maintenance costs.
- noise occurs during operation;
- the installation of the heater requires, according to safety rules, a rather large area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
List of other ways
For budget-conscious homeowners, it will be useful to know that insulation can reduce costs, and quite significantly. A well-insulated house consumes much less resources (about half) while maintaining comfortable conditions for its inhabitants.
Such work must be carried out comprehensively:
- the walls are covered with foam plastic or pressed mineral wool;
- windows are installed with double-glazed windows;
- the attic floor and floors are necessarily insulated.
Installing a programmable thermostat will also allow more efficient use of energy for heating. This device:
- can independently monitor the temperature in different rooms;
- turn off the heating in the absence of people;
- controlled remotely via a built-in SIM card.
Home heating with electricity: the most economical way and the advantages of choice
It is known that the most inexpensive option heating is considered gas system. But there are situations when it is not possible to use it, for example, if a gas main does not pass nearby. In this case, heating the house with electricity is recommended. The most economical way can be chosen by analyzing all the options offered. This is what we will do in this review.
This option is suitable for buildings outside the city and country houses.
Why choose electricity for heating your home: the most economical way
Electric heating system has the following advantages:
- Electricity-based appliances are virtually silent and do not require an additional type of fuel. They do not pollute the atmosphere. To use them, you only need an electrical network;
- installation of equipment does not require significant investments;
- to save electricity, you can use a system of two-tariff meters or solar panels on the roof;
- connection of a convector or boiler can be done independently.
Heating with electricity is carried out using different devices.
Options for electric heating of a private house
Such a heating scheme involves the use various kinds equipment.
Boiler Application
It is not uncommon to install an electric boiler for home heating 220v. Such a device is budget options and is easy to install.
Boilers powered by electricity are of the following types:
- ten models are traditional options. The heating element is heated by electricity and transfers heat to the coolant, which transfers it to installed radiators. This unit is equipped with a thermostat, which allows you to keep the temperature at a certain level. The disadvantages include scale, which is collected on the heating element;
The diagram shows the principle of operation with a heating element
- instead of a heating element, the electrode type of the boiler has an electrode that acts on free ions, which creates heat. This is a safe design option, since if water leaks, the device stops working. With this method of heating, there is no limescale, but only water can be used as a heat carrier;
The device of the electrode model
- the device of an induction electric boiler includes a pipeline and a radiator. In this case, the radiation mechanism forms an electromagnetic field that interacts with metal elements. Electricity produces vortex flows that transfer energy to the coolant. Such a product is characterized by ease of installation and maintenance. Water, oil formulations or antifreeze are used as a heating fluid.
Installation of the induction device
Selection of IR panels
When deciding how to heat a house with electricity economically, you can consider the option of installing infrared structures. Such products do not heat the air inside the rooms, but various objects. If, in the version with a boiler, the air masses move upwards and then cool down, then in this case the hot streams are directed to the floor.
Infrared designs do not take up much space
If thermostats are added to infrared devices, they will work more efficiently. One controller is enough to control three heaters. This equipment is economical in the process of application, but expensive in terms of installation and construction costs. IR devices consume a small amount of electricity. In addition, they rationally distribute heat. They can perform spot and zone heating. Even after the design is turned off, objects generate heat for a long time.
Infrared panel device
Installation of such equipment can be done independently. The infrared system is used both as the main type of fuel and as an additional one. The advantages of the option include a long service life, up to 80 years.
Electric heating of the house is also carried out using infrared floor heating. This is an economical and effective tool. This design is not afraid of unexpected power surges and does not break with minor damage. You can install such a device under various floor coverings except for parquet. Infra-red rays heat only solid objects, therefore, when the floor is heated, the elements themselves do not heat up.
Installation of infrared flooring
Infrared ceiling panels
Benefits of convectors
When choosing the economical electric heating without a boiler, it is worth exploring the possibilities of convectors. According to manufacturers, a convector powered by the mains heats the space with high quality and at the same time spends a small amount of electricity. The main advantage of the device is that its installation is simple.
It takes about two minutes to warm up the heating element, which is much faster than when heated with water devices. The advantages of such structures include:
- low cost of equipment;
- fire safety;
- the heating system can not be completed immediately, buying additional radiators as needed;
- modern design;
- uninterrupted operation even with sudden voltage changes;
- small sizes.
This method maintains the desired ratio of humidity in the room and does not destroy oxygen. Excellent technical properties and excellent power ratings allow the use electric convectors for heating both large and small private houses.
Such structures are compact and portable.
The main element of the design is the heating element, which converts the energy of electricity into heat. The principle of operation is air convection. In this case, the cooled streams penetrate into the slots in the lower part of the body, and then exit through the upper holes. The convector can work alone or in a system controlled by a temperature controller.
Wall models are characterized by functionality and allow you to free up space
Which option is better not to choose?
When choosing the most economical way to heat your home, it's worth exploring options that aren't worth buying. An oil cooler is an expensive option. It has increased power, but when working in winter time consumes a lot of electricity. Despite the significant power, such products have a low heating efficiency. Interestingly, IR panels of the same power will heat the space in the house faster. Fan heaters are inefficient devices. They contribute to the reduction of oxygen, make noise and move dust.
An oil heater is well combined with other heating methods.
How to increase the efficiency of electric boilers for heating a private house: prices and methods
To get the most economical way, heating a house with electricity must be properly organized. The efficiency of the entire structure can be reduced as a result of poor thermal insulation. Various gaps, gaps and lack of insulation on the windows contribute to the rapid cooling of the rooms.
If no one is at home during the whole day, then you can not heat the house for the whole day. In such a situation, you can install a special controller that will start the heating system a few hours before the arrival of residents. Two hours is enough to fully warm up the rooms.
Scheme of operation of electrical equipment
Of great importance is a skillfully designed heating system, taking into account the location of the heaters and the power. A good solution is to install a multi-tariff meter. This device allows you to save electricity at night, when the heater will work.
Helpful information! At good insulation ceiling and walls, the quality of heating can increase up to 80%.
To get a home heating system with electricity cheaply, you need to choose the right equipment and calculate the location of all devices.
When thinking about which heating system to choose for a house or summer cottage, they often think about the use of electricity. The advantage of this type of energy carrier is its environmental friendliness, "cleanliness" and high reliability of electric heaters. The downside is a considerable price, which is why electric heating is not the most popular way of heating.
What can it be
Heating a house with electricity can be done different ways. Whatever type of heating you choose, its efficiency largely depends on how well the house is insulated. This issue should be given maximum time.
Heating your home with electricity is the cleanest way
First of all, you need to decide on the type of system: it can be air, water and steam, you can still heat warm floors. Let's briefly go over the main advantages of each of the systems.
Steam heating (do not confuse with water)
Steam heating is very effective, but dangerous - the temperature of heating radiators and pipes going to them is about one hundred degrees (higher or lower depends on the type of system chosen). The system is very similar to a water system, but more economical at the stage of arrangement: much fewer radiator sections are required, pipes can be taken with a smaller section.
In general, in view of the high danger, it is prohibited in public and apartment buildings, but it can be done in a private house. An electric steam boiler can act as a heat source in this system. So this is also one of the varieties of electric heating, although it is completely unpopular.
Air
Air heating using electricity can be organized using other heaters powered by electricity - ceramic heating panels, infrared emitters. These systems are good because they immediately begin to heat the air in the room. They are also attracted by low costs at the stage of arrangement - there is no need to build anything. Bought heaters, installed, turned on, began to warm up.
The disadvantage of this method of heating is the active circulation of air in the room (uncomfortable) and with such heating the air is too dry (an installation to increase humidity is required). Another disadvantage is the need for almost constant work. If electric heaters are installed with thermostats, this is not so critical, since they will turn off when the set temperature is reached. But low inertia leads to the fact that the room cools down quickly and, therefore, most of the equipment is in operation.
Among all electric heaters, infrared installations are considered more economical, but they also “pull” a decent amount of electricity. So this method of heating is often used as an additional one - during severe cold weather. The second area of application is cottages, where they live only periodically. With this mode of visits, only the necessary rooms can be heated upon arrival. In this case, the advantage of this type of electric heating is that it is not afraid of freezing (only when choosing heaters, pay attention to whether they tolerate freezing).
Electric underfloor heating
This electric heating can be both additional - to increase the level of comfort, and the main one. Electric heaters for underfloor heating can be different:
- heating cables (resistive and self-regulating);
- heating cable mats (easier to install);
- carbon films (with infrared radiation);
- carbon mats (not yet very reliable in operation).
This option of electric heating is only suitable for houses with permanent residence - too much time (and resources) is spent on warming up the concrete slab, in which the heater is usually “packed”. And that seems to be a disadvantage. But on the other hand, a large heated mass helps to maintain a stable temperature in the house. Another positive point: it takes several days for such a stove to cool completely, so temporary power outages in this case are not very scary.
Electric heating with underfloor heating cannot be called very economical. The amount of payment depends on the degree of insulation of the house. But it is worth remembering that it is necessary to make an electric floor heating only in tandem with a thermostat and temperature sensors. In this case, the heaters will turn on only part of the time and the bills will be relatively small. Well, the fact that underfloor heating is the most comfortable way of heating, there is probably no need to say.
Water heating by electric boilers
In fact, this is a heating system familiar to everyone with pipes, radiators and which circulates in the system. The only difference is that the boiler runs on electricity. Electric boilers are of three types:
- on heating elements;
- induction;
- electrode.
Boilers on heating elements are the most common. Induction and electrode are used less frequently. Manufacturers (and many users) say that they are more economical. As for savings, there are still disputes, but there is no need to argue about the size. The induction boiler looks like a piece of medium-diameter pipe. It takes up very little space, is easy to install, and can work offline.
It is a little more difficult with the electrode one: you need to monitor the condition of the electrodes, select the composition for the coolant (usually a certain amount of salt is poured in to increase the conductivity of the water). So periodic Maintenance for such a boiler - a must.
What type of electric heating to choose
The type of heating system is usually chosen based on its purpose. It is more rational to make electric heating of a dacha of an air type - less installation costs, low inertia - this is what is required. But this is only if you do not plan to maintain positive temperatures in it all winter.
For home permanent residence suitable electric underfloor heating or water heating. By the way, a warm floor can be made and, but whether it makes sense when using an electric boiler, you need to think about it. Both of these systems have a large inertia, which can rather be assessed as a plus - they cool down for a long time. The disadvantages of these systems are high costs during the arrangement.
When installing electric floor heating under the tile, it is necessary to lay the heating elements in the screed, and this takes a lot of time. If the flooring is laminate or linoleum (special), everything is much simpler. (and linoleum) is laid on level ground, on a special substrate. A laminate or a rigid base for linoleum (plywood) is mounted on top.
Water electric heating is standard. However, in some cases, there is an opportunity to save.
How to make water electric heating economical
Many regions have introduced multi-zone tariffs. If such tariffs are provided for in your area, you can make the cost of electric heating minimal. This will require the installation of a multi-tariff meter and a heat accumulator (TA). A heat accumulator is a large container of water. In our case, it serves to accumulate heat during the period of the “night”, cheaper tariff.
During the time when electricity is much cheaper, the water in the tank heats up to quite respectable temperatures. During high tariffs, heating does not work, and the temperature in the network is maintained using the heat that has been accumulated in the heat accumulator. Such a system really helps to save money, but the specific result depends on the region - tariffs are very different in different regions.