loops 

Water heating of a private house in photographs and diagrams. Closed heating system: advantages and disadvantages Step-by-step instructions for a closed heating system

The creation of a water heating system by unknown inventors, no doubt an ingenious solution that uses change physical properties water when heated. The water heated in the boiler moves up and creates a certain head (pressure). Under its action, water moves by gravity through the pipes of the circuit, gives off heat to the radiators and returns to the boiler through the "return". The first working heating system was, of course, open. After the advent of new technologies, materials and equipment, closed heating circuits were created, but there are still disputes about which closed or open heating system is better for heating homes.

There are only two options to choose from - a closed or open heating system at home. Has anyone wondered why the first systems created were only open? And they were open for one simple reason - the boilers that heated water were solid fuel. When the circulation stops, the water in the boiler boils, the explosion of the boiler prevents safety valve, but it is impossible to pay it off quickly. Therefore, closed heating systems with forced circulation began to be used for electric and gas boilers, which can be turned off automatically at any time.

Open heating system

The open heating system is now considered obsolete and is used in small private houses and country cottages. In this case, it is necessary to install an expansion tank in an open heating system at the highest point of the accelerating manifold, to ensure circulation under the influence of gravity.

Modern open circuit heating systems from a closed system borrowed the most important unit - a circulation pump. It is usually used during system start-up to reduce its inertia. Then, during operation, the pump turns off and the bypass opens. Knowing where to put the pump in the heating system is necessary for its reliable and long-term operation. The pump is placed at the point with the lowest coolant temperature, usually in the "return" near the boiler.

The system is called "open" because atmospheric air is constantly in contact with water in an open expansion tank.

The open system is simple, reliable, and its cost is minimal. There is an erroneous opinion that its installation is more expensive, because such systems require pipes of a larger diameter. Considering the cost for a closed heating system circulation pump, expansion membrane tank and electricity costs, then installation will obviously not be cheaper. In some cases, alternatives to using open system there is no heating. For example, if there is no power supply.

The main advantages of open heating systems:


Of course, a simple and reliable open heating system, its scheme is usually two-pipe, is not without drawbacks:


Closed heating system

If a closed-type heating system is chosen, the scheme of which can be any - one-pipe or two-pipe, with warm floors or without, then its main feature is the absence of contact between the coolant and air, i.e., it is completely sealed. The movement of the coolant in the circuit provides, and the thermal expansion of the liquid is compensated in a sealed membrane expansion tank. The use of forced circulation facilitates installation, because it is not necessary to strictly maintain the slope of pipes, which may be of a smaller diameter. The presence of a pump makes the system volatile.

With an increase in the number of storeys of private houses and the complexity of heating circuits, a closed-type heating system is mainly used, which may include several circulation pumps, collector beam wiring and automated electronic control temperature of different rooms. In a closed circuit, the scheme for installing an expansion tank in a heating system differs from its placement in an open system. The best option is to place the membrane tank in the "return" near the boiler.

The popular closed heating system has both advantages and some disadvantages:


Commissioning of a closed heating system

After installation is completed, the system must be filled with water and tested. The initial filling of a closed-type heating system is carried out according to certain rules. The design of the heating circuit must provide for drain valves located at the lowest point of the system and valves for filling the system with water.

The sequence of actions when filling the circuit with coolant is as follows:


If leaks appear during the filling process, then the filling process of the system must be stopped and the problems eliminated. After eliminating the shortcomings, work can be continued.

If, after carrying out all the above operations, the system does not work well, some batteries do not warm up well, circulation is disturbed, then this indicates the presence of air in the system. In such cases, the heating system is purged, which consists in carefully removing air. The Mayevsky tap opens and not only air is removed, but also a certain amount of water. At the same time, it is desirable to provide high blood pressure, in the heating system by opening the make-up from the water supply. Usually, repeating the procedure leads to complete removal air bubbles from the contour.

What is the need for recharge in a closed system

For effective work In a closed heating system, it is necessary that the working pressure is constantly maintained in it. Despite the fact that the system is sealed, there are leaks that are imperceptible at first glance and insignificant. Water from the system is lost when air is removed through the Mayevsky tap, seeps through glands, through various joints of the circuit. These losses are cumulative and after some time affect the performance of the system. To compensate for these losses, it is necessary to feed the closed heating system from the water main.

Manual or automatic make-up

For simple and small heating systems, a mechanically operated tap is usually used. It is installed at the point of least pressure, which is in front of the circulation pump. At this point, a pressure gauge is installed to control the make-up process.

A shut-off valve is used to prevent the ingress of coolant into the water main.

In complex and branched systems, automatic replenishment of the heating system is carried out; the price of the supply valve depends on the brand of the manufacturer. Sometimes automatic make-up valves are part of the boiler equipment. If the make-up is carried out from the water supply, in which the pressure is usually 3 - 4 bar, then everything happens quite simply. The factory setting of the valve is 1.5 bar.


If the pressure in the heating system falls below 1.5 bar, the valve will open and remain open until the set pressure is reached. If the automatic make-up will use the coolant from other sources, then a pump is needed, which will be turned on by a signal from the valve and supply the coolant at a certain pressure to the heating system.

Automatic temperature control

How to automate and choose the optimal mode in the premises of the house, especially if you are often away from the apartment or in a private country house. Very simply, you need to buy a controller for the heating system - a device that allows you to program and control the temperature in the house. Before buying a controller for heating, you need to make sure that the boiler has an appropriate control unit. The best option is to consult a specialist.

One of the most best options automation is obtained by using . Special valves are installed on the comb, which are controlled by the control unit of the multi-channel controller. The same control unit issues a signal to turn on the boiler.


A separate thermostat is installed in each room, which is set to a certain temperature. The multi-channel controller of the heating system is radiant, it processes data from thermostats and when the temperature drops in any room, it turns on the boiler and opens the valve of this room on the comb. In any case, the boiler will work until the temperature in all rooms reaches the programmed value.

It is impossible to say unequivocally which heating system is better - open or closed. The application of a particular system depends on many factors, such as the size and number of storeys of the house, its location, the availability of financial resources and the region. Only a reasonable approach will allow you to choose a home heating system that will provide comfort and coziness in the house at optimal installation and operation costs.

closed system heating involves the mandatory installation of a membrane-type expansion tank. In addition, with this scheme, the contact of atmospheric air with the coolant is excluded.

Such options for organizing the heating of a private house are very popular these days. They are relatively easy to install with your own hands and have many operational advantages, which will be discussed below. A closed heating system consists of several main elements:

  • circulation pump;
  • heating unit (gas,);
  • pipes;
  • membrane expansion tank;
  • batteries.

Such systems work according to a clear principle. Heating of the heat carrier to the set temperature is carried out in the heating boiler. At the same time, the volume hot water rises, which initiates its entry into the heating batteries through pipes.

Excess heated liquid passes through the return line into the expansion tank. This part of the system is made in the form of a closed-type capsule, which is divided into two separate compartments by a special membrane.

The principle of operation of the expansion tank

Nitrogen is pumped into one section of the expansion tank, the second is necessary for the passage of hot water. In the compartment where the gas is located, when the boiler is started, the pressure is identical to the pressure of the system. The coolant upon admission to expansion device equalizes the pressure. Water is pumped out and sent back to the heating unit by a special circulation pump.

The systems under consideration are necessarily equipped with additional control equipment. These include:

  • drain valve;
  • security group (it protects the system from excessive pressure);
  • make-up valve;
  • valves;
  • valve to remove excess pressure;
  • manometer.

These elements provide reliable control of the functioning of the heating complex and make its operation easier.

Such equipment has many advantages, which determines its popularity today. The main advantages of closed-type heating systems are as follows:

  1. Ability to perform all installation work with your own hands.
  2. High heat dissipation.
  3. No need for additional thermal protection of the line and for setting clearly calibrated angles of its inclination.
  4. It is not necessary to regularly add water to the system, as it does not evaporate during long-term operation of the equipment.
  5. Uniform distribution of the coolant over all, regardless of which wiring diagram was chosen to build the system.
  6. Minimal corrosion provided by increased tightness of the equipment used.
  7. Rapid heating of the coolant.
  8. Increasing the time of trouble-free operation of a closed-type system due to a significant reduction in the temperature difference between hot water in the return and direct lines.
  9. Possibility of using small heating pipes.
  10. If desired, instead of water, antifreeze can be used as a coolant. Its use allows you to stop the boiler in winter for a long time. In this case, the antifreeze will definitely not freeze.

Closed heating system

The disadvantages of closed systems include the need to purchase a sufficiently large expansion tank (its cost is high) and the need for a constant supply of electricity. The circulation pump will not work without electricity.

The expansion tank may be installed next to the circulation pump. At the same time, both of these elements of the system can be placed with a heating boiler in the same room. This means that you will achieve a reduction in the footage of the main and save on the purchase of additional pipes. And the need to install fewer pipe products will please any home craftsman who is used to doing home repairs with his own hands.

A closed heating system is equally effective for a private house with a small area, and for spacious cottages. It can be installed even in very spacious industrial and special facilities. This distinguishes closed systems from open ones, which function effectively only in buildings with a small area.

Closed heating system in the cottage

Note! In most cases, the circulation unit and the expansion tank are placed on the return line, thereby increasing the time of its use (the cooled coolant brings less operational harm to the pump).

But there are also devices that can be placed on the supply pipe. Such pumps are treated with a special lubricant that perfectly protects them from the negative effects of hot water.

For a private house, both two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems are suitable. The scheme with two pipes (with supply and return lines) is considered by experts to be more modern and efficient in operation. It guarantees the same temperature of the heat carrier supplied to all heating radiators (no matter how far they are from the boiler).

The one-pipe scheme also has its supporters. The arrangement of such a system requires less financial investments. But its calculation must be carried out very carefully. The main thing is to correctly determine the number of heating batteries and the number of their sections. Professionals recommend using single-pipe systems exclusively in small houses, for heating all rooms of which 4-5 radiators are enough.

Heating batteries in a single-pipe scheme

It is optimal to create closed-type heating systems using metal-plastic pipes. They do not rust and have a long service life. It is recommended to purchase pipes with a cross section of 2–2.5 cm. In this case, products with a diameter of 2.5 cm should be connected to the heating unit. And then smoothly switch to pipes with a cross section of 2 cm.

Batteries for the systems we are interested in take aluminum, steel or cast iron. You choose. If you plan to install the system yourself, it is better to buy lighter and at the same time quite reliable aluminum radiators. They are easier to transport and install. It is advisable to place batteries under window openings. In this case, they will form an excellent barrier to air seeping through windows from a cold street.

Last pro tip. Spend a little more money buying pipes and fittings and create a two-pipe system in your home. It is much more efficient and more convenient to operate the outdated single-pipe scheme. The best option for wiring two mains is a sequential lower circuit with a horizontal arrangement of elements of the heating system.

The scheme for installing heating elements is simple. First put the heating unit, then the rest of the parts in the following order:

  • pipes (all planned wiring);
  • heating batteries;
  • stop valves;
  • expansion tank.

Strictly follow the installation order and you will not have any problems.

Remember that you need to equip a closed system in such a way that at any time you can turn off the failed element without stopping the operation of the entire heating complex. To drain water from individual radiators, ball or other shut-off valves are installed at their outlet and inlet. Be sure to install a bypass (spare) line. It makes it possible to direct the coolant directly to the battery.

Shut-off valves for draining water from the radiator

Also, do not forget about the need to install a security group. It is placed at the outlet of the heating installation. This group, when pressure increases, automatically resets it to acceptable limits, thereby protecting the system from breakdown.

Seal all joints between pipes and individual parts of the heating complex with sealant or sanitary flax. Choose fittings carefully to create a complete system. Connecting products made of brass and bronze have maximum resistance to pressure surges.

If a Vacation home designed not only for the periodic arrival of their owners during the summer season, but for a long or even permanent residence them in it, then you can’t do without a heating system. This issue is always carefully thought out even at the design stage of construction or reconstruction, and is taken into account when buying ready-made housing.

This question is extremely serious, requiring scrupulous consideration of all available conditions: the periods of future operation of the building, the climatic zone of the area, the availability of power supply lines, utilities, building design features, the total estimated cost of implementing a particular project. And yet, most often, homeowners come to the conclusion that the best solution would be water system closed-type heating in a private house.

This publication will review basic principles closed system, its differences from the open one, existing advantages and disadvantages. Attention will be drawn to the main elements of such a system with recommendations for their selection. typical schemes distribution of the heating intra-house network.

Closed heating system in a private house - main features

A private house can be heated in different ways.

  • For a long time, the main source of heat was one or more stoves (fireplaces), each of which heated one or another part of the building. The disadvantages of this approach are obvious - uneven heating, the need to carry out regular fireboxes, monitor the combustion process, etc.

Furnace heating is already “yesterday”

Currently, this type of heating is used less and less, and as a rule - with the absolute impossibility or complete inexpediency of using another, more efficient system.

  • System electric heating with the use of convectors or oil coolers - extremely expensive to operate due to the high price of electricity and its high consumption.

Indeed, they appear alternative ways, in the form of film infrared elements, but they have not yet gained wide popularity.

  • Most of the owners of private houses still stop at water heating. This is verified efficient system, which, by the way, can operate on almost all energy sources - natural gas, liquid or solid fuel, electricity, which determines its complete versatility - the difference is only in the type of heating boiler. A well-calculated and correctly installed water heating system ensures uniform distribution of heat throughout all rooms, and is easily adjustable.

Not so long ago, the main scheme for organizing water heating in a private house was open with the gravitational principle of moving the coolant through pipes and radiators. The thermal expansion of water was compensated for by the presence of a leaky one, which was installed at the highest point of the entire circuit heating system.The openness of the tank, of course, causes constant evaporation of water, so there is a need for constant monitoring of its required level.

The movement of the coolant through the pipes is ensured in this case by the difference in the density of cold and heated water - the denser cold one, as it were, pushes the hot one forward. To facilitate this process, an artificial slope of the pipes is created along their entire length, otherwise the effect of hydrostatic pressure may occur.


It is quite possible to embed a circulation pump into an open system - this will dramatically increase its efficiency. In this case, a system of valves is provided so that it is possible to switch from forced circulation to natural and vice versa if necessary, for example, during power outages.


The closed-type system is arranged somewhat differently. Instead of an expansion tank, a sealed compensation tank of a membrane or balloon type is installed on the pipe. It absorbs all thermal fluctuations in the volume of the coolant, maintaining one pressure level in a closed system.


The main difference between a closed system is the presence of a sealed expansion tank

AT currently this the system is the most popular, as it has many significant advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of a closed heating system

  • First of all, there is no evaporation of the coolant. This gives one important advantage - you can use not only water, but also antifreeze in this capacity. Therefore, the possibility of freezing of the system during forced interruptions in its operation is eliminated, for example, if it is necessary to leave the house for a long time in winter.
  • The compensation tank can be located almost anywhere in the system. Usually, a place is provided for it directly in the boiler room, in the immediate vicinity of the heater. This ensures the compactness of the system. An open-type expansion tank is often located at the highest point - in an unheated attic, which will require its mandatory thermal insulation. In a closed system, this problem does not exist.
  • Forced circulation in a closed system provides heating of the premises much faster from the moment the boiler is started. No unnecessary losses of thermal energy in the area of ​​the expansion tank.
  • The system is flexible - you can adjust the heating temperature in each specific room, selectively turn off some sections of the general circuit.
  • There is no such significant difference in the temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet - and this significantly increases the period of trouble-free operation of the equipment.
  • For heating distribution, pipes of a much smaller diameter can be used than in an open system with natural circulation without any loss in heating efficiency. And this is both a significant simplification of installation work, and significant savings in material resources.
  • The system is sealed, and with proper filling and normal operation of the valve system, there should simply be no air in it. This will eliminate the appearance of air pockets in pipelines and radiators. In addition, the lack of access to oxygen contained in the air does not allow corrosion processes to actively develop.

Underfloor heating can also be included in a closed heating system
  • The system is highly versatile: in addition to conventional heating radiators, water “warm floors” or convectors hidden in the floor surface can be connected to it. A water heating circuit is easily connected to such a heating system for household needs– through an indirect heating boiler.

The disadvantages of a closed heating system are few:

  • The expansion tank must have a larger volume than with an open system - this is due to the peculiarity of its internal design.
  • Requires installation the so-called "security group"– safety valve systems.
  • The correct operation of a closed heating system with forced circulation depends on the continuity of the power supply. It is possible, of course, to provide, as with the open type, switching to natural circulation, but this will require a completely different arrangement of pipes, which can reduce a number of the main advantages of the system to zero (for example, the use of "warm floors" is completely excluded). In addition, the heating efficiency will also decrease sharply. Therefore, if natural circulation can be considered, then only as an “emergency”, but most often a closed system is planned and installed specifically for the use of a circulation pump.

The main elements of a closed heating system

So, the composition of the general closed-type heating system for a private house includes:


- heating device - boiler;

- circulation pump;

— system of distributing pipes for heat carrier transfer;

- Expansion compensation tank of sealed type;

- heating radiators installed in the premises of the house, or other heat transfer devices (“warm floors” or convectors);

— safety group — valve system and air vents;

- necessary shut-off valves;

- in some cases - additional automatic control and management devices that optimize the operation of the system.

Heating boiler

  • by the most widespread are . If a gas main is connected to the house or there is a real opportunity to lay it, then most owners without an alternative prefer this particular method of heating the coolant.

gas boilers- the best solution if there is a possibility of their installation

Gas boilers are distinguished by high efficiency, ease of operation, reliability and cost-effectiveness in terms of paying for energy. Their disadvantage is the need to coordinate the installation project with the relevant organizations, since such a heating system has very special safety requirements.

The variety of gas boilers is very large - you can choose a floor or wall model, with one or two circuits, simple in device or saturated with electronics, requiring connection to a stationary chimney or equipped with a coaxial combustion products exhaust system.

  • They are usually installed in those conditionswhen gas supply to the house is impossible for some reason. Such an installation will not require coordination - the main thing is that the requirements for electrical safety and compliance with the boiler's power are met. electrical network. Such heaters are distinguished by compactness, simplicity and ease of adjustment.

For heating systems with electric boilers the reputation of "uneconomical" was firmly established due to the relatively high cost of electricity. This is only partly true - modern electric heaters, thanks to new technologies for heating water, have a very high efficiency, and with reliable insulation at home should not burden the budget too much.

In addition to the well-known boilers with heating elements (which are really not very economical), modern developments are actively used.

"Battery" of three electrode boilers

For example, they are widely used in which heating is carried out by flowing alternating current directly through the coolant (although here you will need a specially selected chemical composition water in the system). By themselves, such boilers are inexpensive, but there are certain problems with adjustment.


Induction boiler - unpretentious and very economical

It ceases to be popular: the point is one significant drawback - air constantly enters the coolant. This leads to a decrease in heat transfer: the circuit does not cope well with the heating function. Therefore, for many owners of private houses, a closed heating system is preferable.

Structure

A closed system is a mechanism where the coolant functions with a pump. Distinctive feature Such heating for a private house is good tightness: no air that disrupts work enters the coolant.

The scheme of a closed heating system consists of the following components:

  • boiler;
  • pump and pipelines;
  • security group;
  • heating appliances - pipes, radiators.


Principle of operation

The principle of operation is based on a change in temperature: after its increase, the operating valve begins to operate, and excess water passes into expansion tank. When the temperature drops, the pump pumps excess water back to the system. Therefore, a closed heating system for a private house can control the pressure set within acceptable limits.


Peculiarities

In such a scheme, the tank has one feature: it can be completely filled with coolant. Therefore, maintaining pressure will be much easier than with a simple expansion tank. But with improper filling, air can still enter the radiators and pipes.

To get rid of air in upper parts, it is necessary to use float air vents. To remove the air dissolved in the coolant, separators are used, which are placed in pipes. Thanks to the separators, the coolant is deaerated, and the system works stably, without technical failures.

Advantages

A closed system has the following positive characteristics:

  • safe pressure;
  • limited contact with environment, which prevents the ingress of air that can disrupt operation;
  • the use of specialized tanks for pressure safety;
  • dividing the tank into two chambers: one of them is a gas storage (mainly nitrogen), and the second is a water chamber;
  • safe work process;
  • a dedicated valve in the tank maintains a safe pressure level.

In practice, a closed structure rarely fails, which makes it popular.

Installation Features

The installation is carried out in such a way that in the future it would be possible to turn off any heater with your own hands without stopping the operation of the entire system and draining the liquid from it. To do this, professionals use specialized shut-off valves, which are located at the inlet and outlet of the radiators. Through the installed taps, you can manually adjust the temperature.

Another feature is the installation of a safety group at the outlet of the heating boiler. The main task of such a group is to relieve pressure if it exceeds the norm. The group consists of the following parts:

  • manometer - pressure controller;
  • safety valve - responsible for collecting pressure when a safe maximum is exceeded;
  • air vent - removes air when "airing".


A device for measuring the pressure in the system.

Stages

Do-it-yourself installation of a closed system is carried out in the following order:

  • the boiler is installed;
  • pipes are run to the boiler, to which radiators are hung;
  • after all these procedures, an expansion tank is attached;
  • a pump and devices for thermoregulation are mounted in the heating circuit.

The heating tank can be built into the oven. A separate boiler room in a private house is not required. If the sequence of the scheme is observed, and the equipment is correctly selected, then the system will become an effective heat source.


If rework

It is not uncommon for an already existing open system to no longer suit the user, and it needs to be converted into a closed one. To do this, it is necessary to replace the expansion tank with a membrane one and install it on the return line together with thermostats.

A mud filter is placed in front of the pump, and the old open tank is removed, the heating system is closed to the new tank by welding. A safety group is also installed at the outlet of the boiler: it is better to use ball or plug valves.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The heating system is a whole complex of devices that are combined into a single circuit using a pipeline. The work of heating in this case consists in the constant movement of the coolant (usually liquid). When heated, the coolant expands, and in a closed heating system an expansion tank is used to neutralize this phenomenon. These devices are divided into two types, and it depends on them whether the system will be closed or open. A closed heating system implies the presence of a tank that does not come into contact with the environment, and in an open heating system, the tank interacts with air.

For the circulation of the coolant in closed heating systems, pumps are used that ensure the constant movement of the liquid at a sufficient level. The use of pumps allows a closed system to work much more efficiently by varying the speed of the coolant (read: "").

Forced circulation is also good because additional circuits with connected heaters can be connected to such a system. Of course, such systems become energy dependent, since electricity is required for the operation of the pumps, but this disadvantage is compensated. high efficiency the whole structure.

Pumps in a closed heating system are mounted on the return pipe directly in front of the boiler. An expansion tank can also be placed in the same place. A closed heating system has a number of advantages that become apparent when compared with other types of heating systems: the installation of the system is carried out without much difficulty, since there is no need to maintain a constant slope. The pipeline does not require insulation, and the pipeline itself can be made thinner, which will affect not only its aesthetic qualities, but also the cost of the structure.

In a closed heating system, the coolant cannot evaporate, so you will have to monitor its level much less often. In addition, the use of circulation pumps provides accelerated heating of the premises, and if thermostats are installed in the circuit, then it becomes possible to fine-tune temperature regime throughout the house.

Elements of a closed-type heating system

The scheme of a closed heating system contains a large number of elements:
  • boiler;
  • membrane expansion tank;
  • circulation pump;
  • heating devices;
  • pipes for laying the circuit, installing risers and piping;
  • fitting;
  • cranes;
  • filters;
  • fasteners.

The principle of operation of a closed heating system

In the boiler, the coolant is heated, after which it is distributed to the heating devices through the pipeline. When the coolant fills the entire space of the circuit, an expansion tank joins the work, containing excess liquid. The membrane expansion tank consists of two cavities: one of them receives excess coolant, and the second part is filled with gas or air. See also: "".

During installation in a closed heating system, pressure is created, which subsequently sets the pressure for the entire circuit. The heating of the coolant provokes an increase in pressure in the system, and its excess, together with the pressure that has arisen, enters the tank, bending the membrane located in it. The further path of the coolant runs through the circulation pump, and the system continues to operate normally.

Features of the scheme of a closed heating system

There are several features in a closed heating system with forced circulation:
  1. The possibility of installing an expansion tank and a circulation pump next to the heating boiler, which reduces the cost of pipes and simplifies the installation of the entire system.
  2. The complete tightness of the tank leads to the fact that the coolant cannot evaporate from the system, and the pipeline itself is reliably protected from air ingress.
  3. The expansion tank and pump must be installed on the return pipe. The operation of the pump is possible only when a liquid with a low temperature passes through it.
  4. Compared to an open heating system, a closed one can be located in rooms of any size.

Pros and cons of a closed heating system

The scheme of a closed heating system, in which the movement of the coolant is forced, has its advantages and disadvantages. There are fewer negative points, but in some cases they are decisive. There is a dependent and independent heating system, from which you need to choose a system that is best suited in your case.

Advantages of a closed heating system:

  • high efficiency;
  • impossibility of liquid evaporation;
  • use of pipes of reduced diameter;
  • increasing the service life of the boiler due to the temperature difference in the supply and return circuits;
  • reduction of corrosive effect on the pipeline;
  • the possibility of using antifreeze.
Disadvantages of a closed heating system:
  • dependence on electricity, especially in regions where power outages are not uncommon;
  • the need to install a more complex, capacious and expensive expansion tank.

Converting an open system to a closed one

A closed heating system with natural circulation of the coolant is used quite rarely, but solely because of its features. About what features in question, and how is the transition from one type of system to another? When installing an open heating system, the thought of switching to a closed system comes up infrequently, but it is quite simple to do this - just install a membrane expansion tank, and the structure will immediately become closed.
Of course, it is always possible to design such a circuit, but it will have some disadvantages of the two types of systems. To ensure the natural movement of the coolant, the pipeline must be laid with a constant slope, which often leads to the appearance of air pockets and significantly complicates installation.

What are the benefits of such a design? Independence from electricity in this case is the only plus, but its necessity can be questioned: as a rule, electricity is always available in most houses. The cost of the pump and the operating costs associated with its use are quite low, so the classic closed circuit is still much better than the open one.

Heating system installation

Before installing the heating system, a project is drawn up, according to which all elements will be installed. In order for the selected scheme to justify itself, it is necessary to correctly select the devices that will work in the circuit, and it is worth starting with the choice of a heating boiler. When choosing a boiler, you need to start from the type of boiler, depending on the fuel used, and its power.
AT last years spread solid fuel boilers, which practically do not require operating costs, but you can choose another option from among those on the market.

How is system power calculated? When carrying out averaged calculations, the ratio of 1 kW of power to 10 square meters premises. Having chosen a suitable boiler, you can start the calculation heating appliances. The best option are radiators, the characteristics of which are individual, but there are usually few differences in them, so you can choose the right devices based on personal preferences. In addition to the boiler and heating appliances, other elements will also be required, and the installation of the system must also be included in the calculations.

The approximate cost of the structure can range from 4,000 to 4,500 thousand dollars, but if you wish, you can find cheaper or more expensive options. It is important to remember that a design that is too cheap may not provide the house with the necessary amount of heat, and too expensive options often do not live up to expectations.

Conclusion

What conclusions can be drawn from the above? A closed-circuit heating system with forced circulation is quite reliable and durable, and this design will serve the house for many years. If necessary, natural circulation can also be used in a closed circuit, but this option will create some inconvenience, without which it would be quite possible to do without.