Which septic tank to choose for a private house and cottage with permanent residence. Which septic tank to choose for a private house? What is the best septic tank for your home?

06.05.2020

If you try to decide which septic tank is better for giving with no permanent residence, then you will quickly realize that there is no single answer to be found here. Family budget, "productivity", geological features of the site - this is an incomplete list of selection criteria, therefore, in each individual case, something different will be the best solution. But in any case, the very nature of seasonal residence already imposes some restrictions of a fundamental nature on the choice of design.

There are universal solutions, but they also have certain limitations. Source skopelitissa.com

Classification of septic tanks

According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are the following types:

Cumulative. If you approach strictly, then this is not a septic tank, but simply a container for collecting wastewater, the prototype of which is a cesspool. Previously, there were no special requirements for the tightness of the walls and bottom of such an underground reservoir. Now this is a mandatory condition, non-compliance with which is prosecuted as damage to the earth. Therefore, instead of a “pit”, a finished container is buried in the ground or it is made of reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

Anaerobic. This is a classic example of an underground local treatment plant, where effluents are separated and processed by bacteria in the process of flowing from chamber to chamber without oxygen. The degree of purification reaches 60-70%, and clarified effluents undergo post-treatment with aerobic bacteria in filtration fields, trenches or wells.

Aerobic. The design is built in such a way that inside the septic tank there is a complete cycle of wastewater treatment with aerobic bacteria up to a level of 95-98%. This is a volatile species, since forced air supply is necessary for the vital activity of microorganisms.

Comparison of the characteristics of the aerobic septic tank BARS-Aero and TOPAS Source erkas.ru

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks in summer cottages

Each species has its own set of advantages:

A storage septic tank for summer living is now one of the most popular options. The advantages include: low price, simple device, the ability to accept all types of wastewater, regardless of their "acid-base" balance. It is not subject to the regulations on the minimum distance from water sources, a residential building and the boundaries of the site - the drains for the entire period between pumping are inside a sealed container.

The only drawback is the need to frequently call a sewage truck, the periods between the arrival of which depend on the volume of the septic tank and the intensity of operation. The load on it can be reduced, the duration of work without pumping can be increased if the drains are divided into gray and black, and the drain of water from the shower cabin, bath and from the washbasin is brought to your filter or drainage well.

Effluent from a storage septic tank without electricity has to be periodically pumped out Source strojdvor.ru

An anaerobic septic tank consists of two or three chambers connected in one building or spaced apart in separate tanks. The right selection the volume of the chambers and their ratio to each other regulate the productivity and degree of wastewater treatment to a “clarified” state, which allows them to be diverted to soil treatment and filtration devices.

Anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile. The entire liquid part of the effluent is eventually discharged into the ground. They clean the containers only from solid fractions that settle at the bottom of sealed chambers in the process of separation and processing by bacteria. The frequency of pumping out can be from several months to several years - it depends on the volume of wastewater, the number of residents and visitors, and the length of stay. This is the best option for a septic tank for a non-permanent residence without electricity (even when it is). But provided that the size of the site and its plan allow installation without violating the requirements of the standards.

The main disadvantage is the rather strict requirements for the location of the water intake, reservoirs, residential building and site boundaries. In addition, when arranging filter fields and wells, there are restrictions on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater.

In some cases, a pump is used to remove treated effluents. Source otepleivode.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

An aerobic septic tank, despite the almost complete wastewater treatment, is rarely used to give non-permanent residence. To create conditions for the vital activity of microflora that process wastewater, a constant air supply is required, which is provided by the operation of the compressor.

When the electricity is turned off, aerobic bacteria die, and to start the septic tank, you need to do quite a bit. large volume system preparation work.

Another reason against interruptions in the functioning of an aerobic septic tank (even if the compressor is running) is the death of bacteria in the absence of "fresh" effluents containing organic matter, which serves as a food medium for them. But this is not the main drawback. According to the manufacturer of septic tanks Topas, it takes 2-3 weeks to reach the design level of cleaning after launch. That is, if they live in the country in the summer, then it must be started in the spring and turned off in the fall.

For the same reason, such a septic tank is not suitable for work in winter with intermittent residence in the country, when people come here only on weekends.

For the vital activity of bacteria that live in an aerobic septic tank, a constant influx of effluents is necessary - with long interruptions in work, the colony of bacteria will have to be repopulated Source repair-book.com

Combined septic tanks. A design of this type provides for at least two sealed chambers (in practice, at least three). In the first chamber, separation into fractions and clarification of effluents with the help of anaerobic bacteria takes place, in the second - cleaning with aerobic bacteria.

The advantage of this configuration over the previous version is considered to be higher productivity and less load on the biological phase of purification by aerobic microorganisms. But these are volatile models that have the same disadvantages as septic tanks for giving non-permanent residence.

Septic tank materials

In both types of septic tanks for giving non-permanent residence, there is always a container with a sealed bottom and walls.

Polymer septic tanks

If you choose among ready-made models, then septic tanks are made of durable polymers that are not subject to corrosion and can withstand prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. These include polyethylene low pressure, polypropylene and fiberglass.

All factory containers are designed for a certain pressure both from the inside when filling with drains, and from the outside as a result of soil pressure - the wall thickness and a set of stiffening ribs guarantee shape stability.

Most often, factory septic tanks are made on the basis of plastic containers. Source alfa-septik.ru

Each type of polymer has its drawbacks, but they are not fundamental. The main common feature is the low weight of the container. Even when full, the specific gravity of the septic tank, taking into account the solid fractions of wastewater, does not exceed 1100 kg / m 3, and even the bulk density of the soil is not less than 1500 kg / m 3, not to mention the compacted state in its natural form. Therefore, heaving forces will tend to push the septic tank up, especially if it is empty. When installing a plastic septic tank, it must be fixed to a solid foundation in the form of a concrete slab. And on strongly heaving soils, it is recommended to backfill the pit with excavated soil mixed with sand.

Note! In any case, during a long break, the container should not remain empty. The standard recommendation for a period of absence is 3/4 fullness so that the walls can better hold the pressure of the soil, and the colony of anaerobic bacteria does not completely die out.

Video description

Biological sewerage treatment plants for non-permanent residences have their own conservation process for winter period. Everything is clearly shown in the video:

Metal septic tanks

Polymer septic tanks have replaced metal containers, but they are still found. Among the offers on the market of metal septic tanks there are three types of containers:

factory products with fixed characteristics;

production under the order according to the individual sizes;

sale of used steel tanks and tanks for technical liquids, which are being modified for a storage septic tank.

Unlike polymer tanks, such tanks have a large margin of safety: the minimum metal thickness is 4 mm, and for large volume tanks - 8-12 mm. But the service life of metal septic tanks summer cottage, even under the condition of anti-corrosion treatment, is lower than that of plastic ones.

Reinforced concrete rings

One of the most popular materials for arranging sewerage for non-permanent residences is reinforced concrete rings of the KS series. They come in different diameters and heights, which allow you to make the design of the optimal volume.

Advantages - high strength and stability in the ground. Concrete has a tendency to get wet during prolonged contact with a humid environment, but this disadvantage is compensated by a waterproofing surface treatment.

High-quality waterproofing is the key to long-term operation of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings. Source ru.zhovta.ua

Installing a septic tank is a little more complicated than installing a finished tank. Basically, it's a team. reinforced concrete structure from several containers, each of which consists of several rings (including a filter well without a bottom with perforated walls). But in each region there are construction organizations specializing in such a turnkey service.

The choice of the volume of the septic tank

With the volume of the storage septic tank, everything is very clear - the more, the less often you have to call the car to clean it. And if we divide the drains into black and gray, then a tank of medium volume will be enough to give a “day off” for the whole season.

An example of the separation of drains into "black" and "gray" Source 1bcm.ru

The shape and dimensions of the storage septic tank are dictated not only by the required capacity, but also depend on the free space on the site, which would provide free access for the car to the technological hatch. The standard location is somewhere in the middle between the wall of the cottage from the side of the bathroom and the border of the site adjacent to the road. There are usually no problems with the depth of the tank - the power of the vacuum pump of the sewage truck guarantees pumping sewage from a depth of up to 4 m.

The volume of a septic tank without pumping out is determined by a simple formula - the number of people is multiplied by the rate of water consumption of 200 l / day and a factor of 3 (so many days it takes for a cycle of disinfecting wastewater with bacteria). Sometimes they add 20-25% for a “volley” discharge when guests arrive. This total volume is distributed among the chambers. For a two-chamber septic tank (excluding the filter well), at least 2/3 is given to the first tank, for a three-chamber septic tank - at least ½.

Video description

See the following video for the pros and cons of septic tanks and biological stations:

Conclusion

No matter how simple a septic tank may seem to give non-permanent residence, it should be installed by professionals. Especially if it is an anaerobic septic tank. And the difficulty is not even in the installation itself, but in the choice of methods for soil wastewater treatment. Specialists will take into account the geological features of the site and the filtering capacity of the soil as fully as possible.

A septic tank is a local sewerage device on the site. There are many varieties of systems and types.

This and simple designs, made by yourself, and treatment plants. This article should help you choose the best septic tank for your private home.

The main purpose is the collection, settling and purification of wastewater. Used in places where centralized system- in suburban areas, outside the city.

There are several parameters by which this component of the local sewage system is classified:

by the number of wells;
by material;
for constructive solutions.

Based on the number of wells, there are single-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber. The material in the manufacture is steel, reinforced concrete, plastic. According to the design, accumulative, with soil post-treatment, with deep filtration are distinguished.

Cumulative

Consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. Waste that enters a hermetically sealed storage tank is divided into liquid and solid. Organic matter is broken down, and the liquid settles. So that the chambers do not overflow, they should be pumped out periodically.

This option is considered not the most expensive. They are used in cottages, where accommodation takes place only during the season or on weekends. In this case, you can clean it once a year.

Important: storage systems should be used when a small amount drains, for example, in summer cottages, otherwise the cost of their maintenance will be high.

In the construction of the structure, concrete rings and plastic containers are used.

With soil treatment

In a house with permanent residence of people and the presence of running water, the best option would be to install an overflow structure. In it, the liquid is not only settled, but also additionally purified.

This type requires pumping less often. It is cleaned with their own hands every two to three years. To increase this period, use special bacteria. As a result of their activities, the amount of denser waste is significantly reduced.

There is only one caveat to using this model - the type of soil. It cannot be built on a site with clay soil and with a high groundwater level.

With biological treatment

The decomposition of waste in such an installation occurs in several stages and by various methods. First, liquid and solid waste fractions are separated. Then the denser ones settle to the bottom, and organic matter is biorecycled.

This model is more of a treatment plant equipped with a compressor. It is quite expensive, but it neutralizes up to 95% of drain masses. Installed in areas located near a reservoir or with a high GWL. During operation, it does not emit any odors.

The principle of operation of the septic tank is based on the connection to the mains. With an unstable power supply, the station will not be able to work.

anaerobic and aerobic

Bacteria are used in some types of modern sedimentation tanks. In the course of their life, they absorb waste and contribute to the natural treatment of wastewater. According to the principle of work, they are:

aerobic;
anaerobic.

Aerobic bacteria purify and clarify the liquid by 95-98%. At the outlet of the aerobic system, it meets the requirements accepted for technical water. This liquid can be used to water the soil or fill a reservoir.

An anaerobic septic tank requires constant maintenance. Every two months it is necessary to top up the bioactivator to ensure that the wastewater treatment is at the proper level. The advantages of using this type include the low cost of construction.

How to choose

In parallel with the construction of the house, the sewerage system is also being designed. Previously, this was not particularly taken care of, and all the masses simply merged into cesspools.

Later, they began to be replaced by septic tanks - containers for collecting wastewater from a residential building. To know which sump to choose, you should study all the factors that affect its location on the site.

We take into account the type of soil

The type of soil on the site should be taken into account. Some of them are not suitable for use in clayey rock, others are preferable to put in sandy soil.

In the work should follow a few simple rules:

when groundwater is located at a depth of one and a half meters, it is difficult to prepare drainage for a three-section sump;
on sandy soil, it is preferable to mount a container with biological treatment. The liquid is directly discharged into the sand, where it is absorbed. Filtration drainage is arranged closer to the surface;
at a high location of surface waters, a variant with deep biological treatment should be used. It is made heavier with the help of improvised means or fixed.

Clay is an unstable material, which requires additional work in the installation of the sump. At the end of frost, the structure of the clay changes, it thaws and pushes the structure out of the soil. Therefore, a septic tank in clayey rock is equipped with additional metal clamps during installation.

For containers used in clay soils, two filtration fields are arranged. For this, two trenches are brought to the sump. In one are, and in the other - a layer of gravel, the height of which is up to 30 cm.

Seasonality and volume calculation

An important point when choosing the type of sump is the period of residence in the country or in your home. When installing a minimum set of plumbing, an inexpensive single-chamber storage option is quite suitable.

Despite its simplicity, it is qualitatively different from a cesspool. Sand or gravel is poured to the bottom of the drive. Thus, a filtration layer is formed, which cleans the effluents with a 50% result.

For longer stays, you should purchase a compact two-chamber version. It consists of sections for settling and infiltration of effluents. The use of this type of equipment is effective if the volume of drain masses does not exceed its standard value.

Important: when purchasing a septic tank, carefully consider the choice of its technical characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to the number of residents it is designed for.

With permanent residence and sufficient funds, it is better to purchase a whole station, consisting of two or three sections. It can be prefabricated or built independently from reinforced concrete rings.

With its device, a one- or two-chamber drive and a filter section are combined. Settling tanks are made airtight, and a filtration septic tank with a drainage bottom made of sand and gravel. The liquid is pumped out with a vacuum cleaner from the storage sections, and the filter is changed every three years. This multi-chamber sump purifies effluents by 90%.

The volume of the device is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage per person. This figure is 200 liters. Also, when calculating the capacity of the sump, the number of people living in the house and the possibility of accumulating a three-day supply are taken into account. For example, for a family of three, the volume is calculated as follows: 200 * 3 people * 3 days - equal to 1800 liters.

In the event of the arrival of guests, the volume received should be increased by two thirds: 1800 * 1.66 - equal to 3000 liters.

The recommended depth of sedimentation tanks is 1.3-5 meters. Using these data, determine their cubic capacity and select required view. With a volume of drains up to 1 m3. use a single-chamber version, with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. choose a two-chamber type if the volume of effluents is more than 10 cubic meters. - three-chamber, with a field for drainage.

A sump with a filtration field combines two or three wells. The drainage zone covers an area underground of at least 30 sq. m. The distance from the field to the house is 30 meters.

With a high occurrence in the groundwater area, it is recommended to install a multi-section septic tank with a biofilter. This model includes four sections: a sump, an anaerobic chamber where large waste decomposes, a separator containing a filter with microorganisms, an aerobic septic tank with forced ventilation.

The performance of the proposed wastewater treatment plants meets a variety of requests. On sale there are also small options for servicing a family of one or two people, and entire treatment complexes for servicing a summer cottage.

Material for manufacturing

Most models of modern multi-chamber devices used in private homes are made from PVC. Often there are products made of stainless steel and fiberglass.

Main advantage plastic products- light weight. Their installation does not require the involvement of a special construction equipment. On the other hand, this quality is also a disadvantage, since the container may float or be subjected to mechanical action of the soil. To protect the structure, concreting the walls of the pit and securing the septic tank with belts are used.

The choice of material of the product depends on its service life and reliability of work:

Reinforced concrete rings used in the construction of sedimentation tanks are not subject to destructive corrosion processes. For their installation, it is necessary to involve special equipment.
Metal structures are durable and low cost. But, perhaps, these are the only advantages. Such types require additional waterproofing work. The inner walls are constantly in contact with the active chemical material, which leads to destruction.
Fiberglass is a chemically neutral material that is strong, light and resistant to temperature changes.

Note: fiberglass products are the most practical in use, have a long service life.

For cleaning structures in country houses, factory-made or home-made sedimentation tanks are used.

Do-it-yourself options from improvised materials are only suitable for cottages with seasonal residence of several people. For a house with permanent residence of people, it is better to use a purchased installation, which guarantees a long and safe removal of waste.

The use of a two-chamber device allows for primary wastewater treatment and safe disposal of purified water into the soil.

Service

Trouble-free operation of a septic tank requires its maintenance. These works are carried out on your own or with the help of experts.

Simple two-chamber do-it-yourself structures are serviced by the owners of the houses themselves. These works include pumping out solid fractions and sludge from the settling chamber, replacing microorganisms for the decomposition of organic matter, revision of ventilation and overflow pipes.

Once every three years, the filter layer at the bottom of a leaky chamber should be replaced. This should be carried out, since the bottom is silted, which leads to a deterioration in its operation.

By performing these simple operations, you will extend the operation of the local sewage system for several years.

If your house is served by a multi-chamber treatment plant, then its disassembly, filter cleaning, and membrane replacement should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Local sewerage costs

The cheapest designs are septic tanks or sewers. If you dig a pit yourself, then the financial costs will go only to the purchase of a container for wastewater. The approximate price of septic tanks with a volume of 1.4 to 5.0 thousand liters is 15.0-62.0 thousand rubles.

When arranging a local sewage system, the costs include not only the purchase of sedimentation tanks, but also the purchase of pipes, a waterproofing device, and the purchase of components for.

The cost, consisting of two or three reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks with waterproofing and a cushion of sand and gravel, is about 42.0-47.0 thousand rubles. The price depends on the diameter of the rings, their number, the choice of water purification method.

The installations used for deep biological wastewater treatment have a high cost. Arranged in the form of combined blocks, equipped with biofilters. They are made of reinforced concrete, plastic and metal. Price from 80.0 to 345.0 thousand rubles.

Popular models and principles of operation

two-chamber septic tank with a drainage field. It allows you to make drains cleaner and less likely to use the services of a sewer. The drainage area is up to 30 sq. m. underground areas. Distance from home - at least 30 m;
multi-section sump with biofilter. Used in the case of permanent residence of a family of 3-4 people in country house and with a high occurrence of groundwater in the area.

The standard model consists of four sections: the sump itself, the chamber for the splitting of coarse waste with anaerobic, the separator with microorganisms, the aerobic septic tank, which plays the role of a drainage field.

You can find designs that meet the most diverse requirements of users. It could also be a wastewater treatment plant. Rating:

"Triton". Compact in size three-chamber sump for giving.

Available in models, the volume of which is from 2 to 40 cubic meters. Cleaning of coarse waste is carried out twice a year. The service life, subject to the rules, is about 50 years.

During installation, the walls of the pit are concreted to securely fasten the structure.

For small dachas with seasonal residence of one or two people use the two-chamber model "Triton-mini".

"Tank". The septic tank is made of high-strength plastic.

The principle of operation is based on the stage-by-stage purification of wastewater with the help of settling and the use of biofilters. The main advantages include ease of installation, high level of purification, low cost. Cleaning is carried out every five years.

"Topas". It is a volatile model, as it runs on electricity.

Effluent is treated in several stages: decomposition of large particles, reduction of the degree of their mineralization, mechanical removal of components. Allows you to clean wastewater by 98%, which is the best indicator. Purified water is used to irrigate the soil.

In order to choose the right option, you should find out the requirements of its work and study the conditions of the site. Then compare the characteristics of models offered by different manufacturers.

Useful video

Detailed breakdown:

Everything on the shelves:

If it is impossible to connect to a centralized one, choose the construction of an autonomous one. Here it is important to choose the right method of wastewater treatment. There may be several options. Consider each of them and determine which septic tank is better.

All about choosing a septic tank

Types of waste disposal devices

A septic tank is a watertight container in which wastewater accumulates or is processed. Classify the equipment according to such criteria.

All units are recycled wastewater but they do it different ways. The degree of purification also varies. Based on this, several types are distinguished.

Septic tanks

Tanks of various capacities, completely sealed. Most often they consist of one chamber, less often of two communicating compartments. Their function is to collect sewage, which is periodically taken out by a sewage machine.

Advantages

Can be placed anywhere on . The main thing is to leave a free entrance for the car.
There is no need to equip a post-treatment system, for example, filtration fields that occupy a significant area. Plus, they are hard to install.
High resistance to volley discharges.
Safe for the environment, provided that the tightness is not compromised.
Energy independence and complete autonomy.

Flaws

There is perhaps only one drawback - the need for pumping.

Septic tanks

Consist of three or two chambers. In each, the liquid is purified. Depending on the design features and the type of "working" microorganisms, water is clarified by 40-75%. Thus, anaerobic microorganisms are able to purify the waste liquid by 40-60%.

Advantages

Sufficiently high degree of wastewater treatment.
Reliable durable construction.
Electricity supply is not required.

Flaws

Installation restrictions in different types soils.
A permit for installation and operation is required.
The need for regular cleaning of the first compartment from accumulated sludge. True, this happens much less frequently than pumping out the drive.
A large area of the underground part of the structure, taking into account infiltrators and drainage wells.

In addition, you will have to periodically buy bacteria and biofilters necessary for normal functioning.

Deep biotreatment systems

Multi-chamber system where waste is decomposed by chemical, biological and mechanical methods.

At the end of the cycle, 96-97% purified water comes out. It is considered technical, it is dumped into the ground or a reservoir. Post-cleaning is not required. A good quality of purification is ensured by the vital activity of aerobic bacteria and forced aeration. Possibility of installation in soils of any type.

Advantages

Compactness.
They take up little space, given that the installation of additional devices for post-treatment is not required.
Regular pumping or cleaning is not necessary

Flaws

The need to connect to the mains for the operation of aerators.
Difficult service. It is good that it is regularly carried out by specialists. Independent intervention will lead to incorrect operation of the equipment.
Restrictions on the use of household chemicals. Some of them provoke the death of aerobes.
The price is higher than other types of equipment.

Differences in the type of appliances determine which septic tank to choose for a private house. For example, for, a septic tank is suitable.

Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house

A competent choice of a recycling device is impossible without taking into account several defining criteria.

materials

Concrete monolith. Durable, very durable. It is erected independently, formwork is used for installation. Quite difficult to make.
Reinforced concrete rings. Like the previous version, they are durable and last a long time. They need a secure seal. They can only be installed with the help of special equipment.
or brick structures. Raised from the bottom of the pit. Effective sealing is required, otherwise the material is destroyed by moisture. Installation is difficult.
Plastic tanks. Lightweight, relatively durable, low price. Insensitive to corrosion. Can be damaged by rodents, crack when low temperatures.
Metal containers. More often from steel alloys. Durable, durable, sealed. Without effective protection, they are destroyed by corrosion.
Fiberglass containers. Tight, lightweight, durable. Chemically inert, do not crack at low temperatures. They serve for a long time.

Dimensions

Calculated on the basis of the average daily flow rate. On average, one person per day accounts for 200 liters of sewage. According to the norms, the reservoir must contain at least a three-day norm for each resident. Plus, there is a reserve of 25-30% in case guests often come. The technical documentation of factory models always indicates how many people they are designed for.

The estimated volume of waste fluid determines the number of sections. So, if it is less than 1 cu. m, then choose a single-chamber utilizer, less than 10 cubic meters. m - two-chamber, more than 10 cubic meters. m - three-chamber. Dimensions homemade devices are chosen arbitrarily.

Soil type and groundwater level

The geological situation of the area affects the choice. A sump with or infiltrate is placed only on sandy, pebbly and gravel soils, on plastic and sandy sandy loams. Groundwater should not reach at least 1 m to the structure. Clays, hard sandy loams, loams are not able to pass or absorb liquid. Therefore, it is impossible to put post-treatment systems on them.

Here, only discharge through sealed pipes into a centralized sewer or into ditches for drains is possible.

The best choice for clayey soils there will be sealed reservoirs or bio-treatment stations. Highly rising groundwater also does not allow the installation of sedimentation tanks complete with post-treatment. Only accumulators or biological stations are possible.

Homemade or Factory Made

Sometimes owners refuse to buy factory equipment. Make a choice in favor of homemade. Sometimes this is justified.

It is built from concrete rings, monolithic concrete, bricks. Provided that the installation is carried out correctly, a reliable durable construction is obtained. Sometimes old tires are used or just a pit is used. Such structures have a detrimental effect on environment polluting the soil around them. Factory containers made of plastic, and even more so fiberglass, will do the job better. Putting them in place is very simple. Septic tanks can also be made independently, but only the simplest models. After them, the liquid needs to be further cleaned, and equipment must be installed for this. If you need a completely safe, reliable design with a high degree of cleaning, you will have to buy it.

We conclude that a small drive is enough for a temporary home. The advantage of this solution is that the mini-tank can be installed independently. Houses with a permanent stay should be equipped with bio-cleaning stations. Settling devices equipped with post-treatment equipment can also be installed, but only if the terrain conditions allow it.

Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house

Topol, Eco-Grand company. Purifies waste liquid by 99%. Service is simplified due to the non-standard design of the first compartment. It is possible to clean the device yourself.
"Eurobion" from "Yubas". The rhythmic aeration tank allows the system to work even if the sewerage is not constantly used.
"Triton" and "Tank" from "Triton-plastic". A wide range of septic tanks, settling tanks and storage tanks of different capacities. From mini and micro models to 10,000 l tanks.
Astra from Unilos. Carries out effective multi-stage cleaning.

So, how to choose a septic tank for? It is necessary to accurately determine the volume of sewage, find out the type of soil, the level of groundwater rise. All this will help you choose the type of device. It remains to choose the material and volumes. The range of systems for recycling is very wide, it will not be difficult to make a rational choice.

User Choice 4 The best aerator 5

One of the most important questions when buying a plot, cottage or country house- availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and most practical solution to this problem is to buy a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of waste disposal devices use several stages of treatment: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Self-contained septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not need oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

The choice of the optimal model of the cleaning device depends on several factors:

Required performance. For one person, the volume of wastewater is usually laid equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
Availability of electricity on site.
Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
Ground water level. High GWL may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a shallower pit.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

recommendations of civil engineers;
feedback from users who have installed specific models of cleaning devices in their area;
value for money septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for summer cottages

Septic tanks for installation in a summer cottage are small and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple stand-alone models that act as a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of productivity, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the line of non-volatile septic tanks Triton Plastic. Its design is simplified to the limit: there are only two chambers: coarse primary treatment and secondary biological treatment. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of treating up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the more expensive models of the company: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece cast body with special stiffeners, which increases the service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the interior of the building.

This compact model is ideal for installation in the country and is designed for use by two or three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, therefore, it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place with it. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you still have to clean the chambers from sediment once every few years.

3 Termite Profi 1.2

The strongest container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Due to its small weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easily transported and mounted. This is a great option for a small country house or a free-standing bath. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Profi 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal operation under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents it is recommended that it is mandatory to sprinkle the container with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha that is visited by 1-2 people, a guest house or a change house for the period of building a house, the best option would be a budget septic tank Microb 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it, you will need to make a sand cushion, and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its wall thickness is small. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any level of groundwater - of course, with the implementation of the manufacturer's design recommendations.

Customers especially like the device's reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a larger capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and with limited budget Microbe 450 fits perfectly.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and volatile. What is their peculiarity, what are their strengths and weak sides- learn from the detailed comparison table:

Type of septic tank

pros

Minuses

Autonomous

Low, compared to a volatile septic tank, cost

Generally higher reliability

Does not depend on power supply

Does not create additional energy costs

– The need for underground filtration of wastewater

– In some cases, it does not isolate the surrounding space from a fetid odor

– Gradual accumulation of sludge requires periodic pumping

– The need to equip access roads for a sewage truck

volatile

No sediment buildup

The ability to take the septic tank to a third-party place, there is no need to equip an access road

Complete isolation from unpleasant odors

Installation of filtration fields is not required (for soil treatment of runoff)

– Compared to stand-alone models, higher price

– Dependence on electricity and, as a result, significant additional costs

– The presence of a larger number of constituent elements reduces the theoretical reliability

1 Rostok Mini

Stable performance in all conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 24,120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and the lightness of the design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. The Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions, it requires pumping out once or twice a year (provided that all the supplies and the system are in good order). Highly a good option for the equipment of a dacha or a house, which will not hit the pockets of potential consumers hard.

Advantages:

seamless durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic case;
the presence of additional stiffeners to give structural strength;
completely blocks unpleasant odors;
low, but stable performance;
does not require frequent maintenance;
attractive price.

Flaws:

for its price category - no.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations, whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms, are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They produce 98% purified water at the outlet - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks from silt is needed every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the drains do not need additional ground filtration, the structure takes up a minimum of space.

The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. As part of the aerobic system, there is always an aerator-compressor that saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment plant is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. As part of the septic tank, Japanese compressors and German pumps are used in order to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system. In case of loss of power supply, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent value for money of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. You can choose either a gravity-fed installation or a forced discharge option for areas with a high groundwater level.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that a special structural plastic is used for casting the body, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which eliminates the need for additional soil filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a dacha or a country house with permanent residence of 2-3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device does its job perfectly, there are no smells and noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User Choice
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous models septic tank in the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on the incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% of the purification rate. Thus, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The input of the drain pipe can be organized at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to the ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
reliable container body;
good throughput (filtration up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Poplar)

Best processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: 148,230 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Dimensional volatile septic tank, ideal for large equipment country houses. Except that the tank weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of performance, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the effluents enter the receiving chamber (volley ejection can reach 450 liters), due to aeration, the solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping wastewater through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - a little, but a decent amount accumulates over a long time of operation.

Advantages:

active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
good performance (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Flaws:

high price;
increased power consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: 99,875 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. Putting such a tank in the country is not entirely justified - it is much better suited to a small country house. The convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) is no longer provided here - the entire structure weighs nearly 350 kilograms. Thanks to the installed filters, it does not require cleaning, it well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

popularity among users;
low power consumption;
high efficiency filtration;
reliable case;
ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Flaws:

not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require connection to the electrical network - best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of effluent clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water needs additional filtration. There are several ways - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional cash costs and reduce the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
Country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: RUB 67,575
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment has quite successfully entered the Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfect), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by user reviews, is the extreme intolerance to the removal of rain and drainage water to the local cleaning system. Why this is so is a matter of intense debate. But the fact that this is an obvious minus is supported by all and unanimously.

Advantages:

good standard filtration efficiency;
quality body materials.

Flaws:

rainwater or drainage water entering the treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering capacity.

2 Termite Profi 3.0

Maximum degree of cleaning in the class
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The performance of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the level of purification reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of the final soil filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is flushed only once a year, while the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it back into operation is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This one is relatively inexpensive option cleaning system for a summer residence or a country house, where there are significant problems with the power supply. Productivity of model - 700 liters a day that provides requirements of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and the sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally apply a drainage field or an infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the mains. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from living quarters, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially well suited for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.

What are septic tanks?
Cesspool or storage tanks
Sump with soil additional wastewater treatment
Deep biological waste treatment
How to choose a septic tank? Key Criteria
What are the septic tanks according to the materials of production?
What are the ways to install a septic tank?

To create the necessary level of comfort in a cottage or in a country house, you will need to connect a water supply system, as well as a sewerage system. The best solution for autonomous wastewater collection in such a situation is a septic tank. It remains for the owner to decide on the appropriate option among the variety on the market.

What are septic tanks?

Wastewater treatment plants for country houses are usually classified according to three main features:

way of working;
Applied materials;
Shape, location, and type of installation.

Cesspool or storage tanks

In fact, such a treatment plant is an improved cesspool. By design, this sealed tank, the key and only function of which is the accumulation of wastewater from the house. In the chamber, wastewater is divided into fractions. For example, heavy particles fall to the bottom. In turn, the lungs (fats, oils, etc.) gradually accumulate on the surface. The advantage of such septic tanks is the ease of installation and simplicity of design. The main disadvantage is the need for regular cleaning with the involvement of vacuum trucks.

The cesspool is suitable for an object where the volume of permanent effluents is small. For example, this is a good option for giving, where several people live, and water consumption is negligible. The main requirements for such a septic tank are sufficient volume, complete tightness, as well as increased strength of the storage tank. Compliance with these standards will reduce the regularity of cleaning the device and protect the soil from the ingress of waste that accumulates when using sewers.

Sump with soil additional wastewater treatment

Overflow septic tanks are suitable for a home where the daily sewage flow rate is small, but people live here and use plumbing on a regular basis. In such treatment facilities, in addition to the accumulation of wastewater, they are partially processed and cleaned. It is necessary to remove accumulations in the septic tanks under consideration much less often (you have to turn to the help of sewers every few years).

Overflow septic tanks are in most cases two-chamber. The first is sewage from the house. This chamber acts as a sump. After separation into fractions, the liquid with a low content of solid particles enters the second chamber, which performs the cleaning functions. Here, aerobes are used to process waste, decomposing organic matter. The level of water purification in the end is approximately 65%. Such purified water can be used for irrigation of the site, or it is thrown into natural reservoirs, undergoing post-treatment in equipped soil filtration fields. This is a complex of rock layers that have increased water permeability and remove pollution like fur. filters.

The advantages of overflow septic tanks are:

ease of maintenance;
a significant interval between cleanings due to the reduction of residue accumulation;
processing of most of the waste that is contained in wastewater.

The problem of a septic tank with additional cleaning in the ground is the inability to operate in areas with clay soils with low water permeability. Another obstacle is the increased level of groundwater.

Deep biological waste treatment

These are full-fledged stations designed for thorough wastewater treatment. They process large volumes and can be installed in large cottages where families of 3-4 people live permanently. Biochemical septic tanks perform almost 100% water purification. The design of these treatment facilities provides for the use of three chambers for:

separation by fractions of substances contained in wastewater;
biopurification by aerobic or anaerobic bacteria;
chemical disinfection.

The advantages of such septic tanks are:

complete wastewater treatment, reaching 99-100%;
no unpleasant odors during operation;
there are no restrictions for installation by type of soil, as well as groundwater level;
minimal installation costs and high commissioning speed, since the stations are sold already completed;
the system does not require constant maintenance by a person;
the replacement of chambers or the selection of dry residue must be carried out once every five years due to its insignificant accumulation.

The main disadvantage is the high cost. Please note that if the mode of residence provides for a long absence from the house (for example, in winter), then treatment facilities with biofilters are not used, because without a constant supply of nutrient medium in the form of waste, the bacteria that process them will die.

How to choose a septic tank? Key Criteria

Performance

The volume of processing wastewater generated in the house is a key technical specifications cleaning stations. The size of the drains or volley discharge depends on the number of people who live in the house, as well as the intensity of the operation of the plumbing. Of course, in a country house where a couple of people live in the summer, using only a bathroom, the volume of wastewater will be an order of magnitude less than in a huge country house, which is designed for permanent family life, with a swimming pool, washing and dishwasher, as well as a number of other equipment that uses water for operation.

In terms of performance, treatment facilities are selected based on:

if the daily volume of wastewater is up to 1 m³, then the storage septic tank is enough for one chamber;
if the daily volume of wastewater is 1-10 m³, then a two-chamber septic tank is used with additional soil filtration;
if the daily volumes of drains are more than 10 m³, then it is worth choosing a septic tank for deep biological treatment.

Note! When using a single-chamber storage septic tank, you need to take care of its subsequent cleaning. If the volume of wastewater is large, then the vacuum trucks will need to be called on a regular basis. In terms of costs, this will become more expensive than using more expensive, but functional two-chamber and three-chamber septic tanks.

It's important to know!Existing sanitary norms provide for the minimum size of the treatment plant chambers. The septic tank must contain the wastewater that forms in the house for three days.

Soil type and groundwater level

The above factor should be taken into account only in the case of using a septic tank with additional cleaning in the filtration fields. At the same time, only soils with an increased coefficient of water permeability can be used for the use of such treatment facilities. At the same time, on heavy clay soils, natural filtration has certain difficulties. In such a situation, it is necessary to remove the required amount of soil, replacing it with a complex of crushed stone and sand. The implementation of these works requires time and money. A septic tank of biological or chemical treatment is more cost-effective in this aspect.

What are the septic tanks according to the materials of production?

Septic tanks are equipped directly at the facility or they are purchased ready-made complete options. The first category is made up of wastewater treatment plants, which are made of brick, reinforced concrete or improvised materials.

A brick septic tank is easy to manufacture and does not require the use of special equipment in the process of arranging. But brickwork leaky, which can cause seepage of effluents into the ground and hot water. To avoid such problems, the pits are sealed with cement mortar and waterproof mastics.
Reinforced concrete structures make it possible to form septic tanks with sufficient reliability and tightness. For the construction of prefabricated structures, well rings are used. When arranging such a structure, it is fundamentally important to seal the joints between the rings.
The arrangement of a treatment plant from improvised materials is mainly used in summer cottages. On the net you can find detailed instructions for building a septic tank from tires or an overflow installation using plastic barrels. In this case, you only need to worry about sealing the septic tank and ensuring the performance that is enough to serve the residents of the house.

A more expensive and reliable solution is ready-made septic tanks with housings made of polymers or fiberglass. Such treatment facilities have a set of advantages:

a wide range of performance - from small septic tanks for a summer residence for two people to semi-industrial models that process wastewater from a small cottage village;
complete reliability and tightness;
provision of ready-to-use equipment, which minimizes the installation and start-up time of the system;
complete set of equipment and means of cleaning for full-fledged work.

Note! Treatment facilities with bodies made of polymers or fiberglass need protection from floating in the event of an increase in GWL, as well as destruction of soil masses under high pressure or displacement of soil layers. To do this, purchased septic tanks are placed in pre-concrete pits, after which they anchor - they attach the tanks to the walls, as well as to the bottom of the pit.

What are the ways to install a septic tank?

Purchased treatment facilities and home-made septic tanks are made in vertical as well as horizontal versions. Structures of the first type are installed with deepening into the ground, which leads to a problem, since on heavy soils or high GWL, the installation becomes laborious and requires the involvement of special equipment, as well as special tricks to guarantee reliability and environmental safety. Horizontal septic tanks are most often installed on the surface. To obtain the desired performance, such structures occupy a large area, which, in the case of limited or no free space on the site creates additional difficulties.