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Do-it-yourself production of concrete blocks. Homemade machine for the production of building blocks with your own hands. Manufacturing method using molds

Why make blocks?
What do you need to have for this?
What are blocks made of?
How to produce them?
Why is it profitable to create blocks yourself?
What is the profit from this?
Where to start and how to develop this business?

In this article, you will receive answers to all the questions posed and will be able to "turn on" for yourself a reliable source of income that depends only on you.

And so, let's figure it out in order.

Why make building blocks?

You have probably noticed that construction has been going on rapidly for the last 4-5 years. They build from small and medium-sized private buildings: garages, summer cottages, estates, workshops, workshops, agricultural buildings, to large industrial, residential buildings, storage facilities, centers. Construction professionals are in demand like never before.

New building technologies and materials are emerging. But are they always affordable and affordable for a wide range of developers?

Therefore, they are little used in small and medium-sized construction, both in large cities and in small towns.

The most accessible building material is the so-called cinder block and brick.

Moreover, a brick is often inferior to a cinder block in terms of price, thermal conductivity and ease of masonry.

But hollow building blocks are convenient and affordable for most private developers.

Yes, because due to its properties:

Of these, it is easy to build a low-rise (2-3 floors) building (garage, house, cottage, utility block, workshop, etc.) without even resorting to the services of a bricklayer. (1 block = 3-4 bricks);

Walls made of cinder blocks are sound and heat impervious;

The price of cinder block is lower than the price of brick, foam block and others building materials due to the cheapness and availability of its components (see below);

Only cinder block can be made by yourself. You can also make adobe (clay-straw brick) yourself.

So how do you make cinder blocks yourself?

What is needed for the production of building blocks?

It is known that the cinder block was produced by reinforced concrete products on special equipment using a steaming chamber. Therefore, the production of a quality block in domestic conditions was not available.

But if there is a demand, then the supply is inevitable. And it is!

Since 1994, the experience in the production of building blocks in the private sector and in small-scale production has given the answer to the question posed.

What does that require?

vibrating machine
- Raw materials
- Technology
- Relatively flat ground
- Household network at 220V (no comment).

Let's elaborate on each point.

vibrating machine

There are different designs of vibrators. In the domestic conditions of production and small business, the manual, electric, small-sized slag-block vibrating machine MZ30 (produced for the 14th year) has confidently proven itself in the CIS countries. Popularly known as the "Builder's Dream"

Raw materials

The following components are required for the production of building blocks:

Cement- Portland cement brand 400. Let's say another. But proportions are needed. For example, when using cement grade 300, its consumption should be increased by 10-15%.

Fillers for concrete may be the most different materials: sand, crushed stone, slag, granulated slag, ash, sawdust, shavings, screenings, expanded clay, gypsum, brick scrap and other natural and industrial materials.

Depending on local conditions, requirements for produced blocks and cost price, the appropriate filler can be selected. I will list several popular concrete compositions and the main groups of concretes

one). Slag from metallurgical enterprises (gray or dark gray with a high content of cement, seeded fine fraction) - 9 parts

Cement - 1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

2). Granulated slag from metallurgical enterprises (yellow-greenish color with a high content of cement, seeded fine fraction) - 4 parts

Fine screening - 4 parts

Cement - 1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

3). Other cinder blocks

4). Concrete on sand and gravel

5). Concrete on waste bricks

6). Expanded clay concrete

7). ash concrete

eight). sawdust concrete

nine). Perlite concrete

ten). Polystyrene concrete

and other concretes with different combinations of the above.

Now it is clear that the current name "cinder block" is not the most accurate definition of possible building blocks.

Plasticizing additive is not a required component of concrete. But its presence provides: early strength of blocks (this is very important with limited production areas), improves the quality of blocks (reduces cracking and abrasion of blocks), improves water resistance and frost resistance of concrete.

The amount of additive is very small - about 5g per block.

Manufacturing technology of building blocks:

  1. Concrete preparation
  2. Block production
  3. Drying and storage of finished blocks.

Concrete preparation(on the example of the previously given 2nd concrete recipe)

one). Fall asleep 4 shovels of fine screenings + 4 shovels of granulated slag

2). Pour 1 shovel of cement

3). mix thoroughly

4). Add to 7-9 liters of water + 250 ml (half of a half-liter jar) of dissolved UPD. The additive solution is prepared as follows: pour 0.5 kg of UPD into a 40 liter container and mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.

5). Stir. At the same time, the concrete is qualitatively impregnated with a UPD solution.

Block production

one). Pour ready-made concrete with a small slide into the vibrating machine. Briefly, for 1-2 seconds. turns on the vibrator - the concrete sits, with a trowel, in one movement, level the surface of the slightly settled concrete.

2). Install the clamp and, without much effort, press on it by turning on the vibrator.

Blocks with round and rectangular voids are vibrated for 4-5 seconds. before lowering the clamp on the limiters.

Narrow full blocks (2 pieces) vibrate for 5-7 seconds.

3). Raise the machine with vibration - the block remains on the site.

Drying and storage of finished blocks

When using UPD, finished blocks can be removed from the site and stored after 5-6 hours. Without UPD - in two days.

After this time, the blocks do not crumble, subject to the proportions of concrete and the technology of their manufacture.

I advise you to store the finished blocks in pyramidal piles in one block with a small (2-3 cm) gap between the blocks - for further drying of the side faces.

In each such pyramid there are 100 pieces. It's easy to count. It is useful to mark each pyramid with the date and time of manufacture of the last block. This will come in handy during implementation. On the 4th, 5th day you can ship.

production site

  1. A room with a flat concrete floor.

Can produce blocks all year round. Good ventilation and heating is desirable in cold weather.

  1. Open flat area.

It can be concrete or earthen, covered with plastic wrap to preserve the presentation of the blocks (the back side does not get dirty).

  1. Open, relatively flat area without prior preparation.

On such a platform, you can lay out ready-made blocks on pallets.

Where to start the production of building blocks?

1. Select the optimal local concrete material, considering its cost and delivery.

2. Calculate the cost of 1 block, taking into account the components of concrete.

3. Decide on a production site.

4. Get a vibrating machine.

5. Master the given technologies.

At first, concrete can be prepared by hand. Subsequently, it is more efficient and easier - on an electric concrete mixer with a volume of 0.2-0.5 cubic meters (better than 0.5, taking into account the prospect).

Why is it profitable to create building blocks yourself?

I will give my real costs for aggregate with delivery and cement, calculation of the cost of manufacturing blocks and the payback of the vibrating machine "Builder's Dream" for the production of cinder block in Zaporozhye (Ukraine) in 2004 using concrete from granulated slag (gray) and cement.

Initial data:

8 cubic meters of slag- 30 dollars / car with delivery around the city (KRAZ or large MAZ)

Cement:

Proportion 1:9 - 0.88 cubic meters or 18 bags of $ 3 = $ 54

Vibrating machine price- 200 dollars

Total volume of solution:

Proportion 1:9 - 8 + 0.88 \u003d 8.88 (cubic meters)

The volume of the solution for 1 GOST cinder block:

Total volume: 39cm x 19cm x 19cm = 0.014 (cubic meters)

void volume:

At d \u003d 9.5 cm: 3 x 3.14 x 4.75 ** 2 x 15 \u003d 3188 cc \u003d 0.003188 cubic meters

The volume of the solution per 1 w / block at d = 9.5 cm: 0.011 cubic meters

Table of calculation results:

Note:

1. For a cinder block with 2 rectangular voids, less mortar is required (but the strength of such a block is lower)

2. By replacing the granulated slag with a local aggregate for concrete acceptable to you, the prices of your region (in Russia, the retail price of sh / block is higher) and using the dimensions of the cinder block, you can easily calculate the cost of 1 sh / block and the payback of the machine for yourself.

Calculation of profitability and profit:

We accept initial assumptions:

Name

Value range

Reference value

Time of formation of 1 block (sec.) without UPD

The number of blocks in 1 hour, taking into account the loading time of concrete in MZ30 sec. (things)

The number of blocks in 1 day (8 hours) pieces

Retail price of 1 cinder block (in 2005): in Ukraine

2.0 UAH ($0.4)

15 rub. ($0.5)

Yield(From the previous table it follows that the cost of 1 sh / block is 1/3 of its retail price)

To produce blocks per day for the amount of:

in Ukraine

For a month, produce blocks in the amount of:

in Ukraine

The cost will be:

in Ukraine

Profit will be:

in Ukraine

Note :

  1. If you apply UPD, then productivity will increase significantly.
  2. The record belongs to Viktor Romanov and Sergei Rachmaninoff, who made 700 blocks of 390*138*188 in a day in July 1998

Business development and expansion

1. Hire responsible workers, having adequately interested them. (In our city - 20 kopecks (0.04 cents) per block, in the region - 0.02 cents.)

2. Starting the sale, reduce the retail price, thereby making a worthy competition and getting grateful customers and their recommendations. (Important! The quality must certainly be worthy).

3. In the warm season or in a heated room (regardless of the season), it is possible to organize work in 2 shifts.

4. In this case, the entrepreneur depends only: on the presence of voltage in the network and on the health of 1 labor force (at the first stage, until payback, you can work with the machine yourself).

5. If appropriate, lease the machine to "builders".

6. Fulfill the orders of "developers" directly on their site, saving them money on loading, transporting and unloading blocks.

7. In addition, - You do not need permission from the State Electronadzor, since all equipment is designed for a regular household network!
Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.97 No. 1013, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation No. 86 of 08.10.2001 and Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 128 of 12.24.2001, the list of products requiring mandatory certification does not include building concrete blocks with various fillers (slag, expanded clay , sawdust, etc.), as well as vibroforming equipment for their production.

Thus, the building block business can be developed in stages:

  • Begin with minimal cost for the purchase of a vibrating machine, 1 machine of local raw materials as a concrete filler, 15-20 bags of cement.

To give free announcements about the implementation of high-quality cinder block.

Produce 800-1000 blocks. Quickly sell out, reducing the retail price.

  • Purchase a concrete mixer and the next batch of raw materials + UPD.

Align the price to retail (optional).

Post free ads + paid ads.

  • Productively, with accumulated production experience, to produce high-quality blocks, managing to fulfill orders.

It is no longer necessary to give ads: high quality blocks + word-of-mouth advertising will do their job.

Organize 2-shift production of building blocks.

Expand the range of manufactured blocks.

Purchase additional vibrating machines, possibly a concrete mixer.

Recruit hard workers

Have time to spend profits or invest it in a new business that is just as profitable.

What I sincerely wish you!

Success and Prosperity!!

"Catalog of complete business packages" masterdela.info
mailto: [email protected],
Ukraine, Zaporozhye, August 2005

Concrete blocks are a very popular building material needed to build a house, barn or fence.

The width for a homemade block should be chosen according to the width of the foundation.

In addition, you can make concrete blocks with your own hands without much difficulty, this will significantly save money on construction costs.

Site preparation and formwork

To begin with, it is worth deciding on the size. Usually the width for the homemade block is chosen the same as the width of the foundation masonry. However, its deviation to the smaller side by 3-5 cm is allowed. The thickness of the bottom of the voids should be at least 2 cm, and the thickness of the walls should be 4 cm. If you make a block of dimensions 29x29x44 cm with two vertical voids, then its mass will be about 42 kg.

The optimal size for blocks is 20x20x20 cm or 20x20x40 cm. Due to the small dimensions, the process of laying the material, as well as the manufacture itself, becomes convenient and simple. It should also be taken into account that for special types of work it may be necessary to make halves.

For the manufacture of concrete blocks with voids, a special form is needed.

Concrete blocks should be made on compacted soil or on a flat area (for example, built from boards). The surface must be covered with oilcloth or a dense film. The forms in which the blocks are formed are made without a bottom. They are knocked down from boards, chipboard or plywood sheets, and sheathed with sheet metal on top. Several inserts are made from wood logs, with the help of which voids will form in the blocks, due to which the building material will become lighter and warmer. The edges of the logs are sheathed with metal and handles are mounted to them, which in the further process will help to pull out the liners from the setting cinder block without any extra effort.

Experts say that it is most convenient to do several forms at the same time. For their construction, it is necessary to knock down or fasten with screws a frame with a height of sides equal to the height of the block, in the middle of which insert plywood partitions. By the way, you should first install the longitudinal partitions, and then put the transverse ones on them.

All elements and details of the formwork must be coated with drying oil or machine oil, as a result of which the hardened blocks will be much easier to remove from the mold.

Concrete mix laying

Necessary materials:

  • cement;
  • fine gravel;
  • sand;
  • lime;
  • water;
  • hard reinforcing wire.

Grain size of gravel can reach 1 cm.

The amount of materials depends on the required number of finished blocks. Cement, sand and gravel are taken in a ratio of 1:3:5.

Blocks are made of concrete based on a mixture of gravel and sand. Fine gravel, sand, lime (in small portions), cement are poured into a metal basin. Thoroughly mix the constituent elements, and then add water. There should be just enough water so that there are no problems during laying in the formwork (the mass should not be liquid).

The strength grade of such a material will be approximately 135 kgf / sq. cm. The size of the filler grains can reach 1 cm. The insert cores for the formation of voids are placed in the mold when the solution is already filled and compacted with a thickness of 2 cm. To fix the distance of the core, it is recommended to install special rails between the mold wall and the core, about 4 cm wide. These slats can only be removed after the concrete has been loaded and compacted to a third of the mold height.

The bottom of the form can be covered with old newspapers, which will prevent the block from seizing with the previous base. The mixture during laying should be semi-dry. That is, taken into a fist, compressed into a lump and then located on a flat surface (for example, on a board), the mass should not spread.

Each formwork compartment is filled with a maximum of half a solution, after which a reinforcing rigid wire is laid.

To prepare the solution at home, you can use a stationary concrete mixer.

Some craftsmen make blocks using cinder blocks as heat-insulating air chambers. glass bottles. To do this, plug the bottles with corks and install them in the middle of the block. After that, the forms are filled to the top, the solution is compacted, and then smoothed with a trowel.

Home-made blocks freeze quite quickly - within 3-4 days, after which they can be safely removed from the formwork. However, this does not mean that they are completely dry. They can be used in construction no earlier than two weeks later.

Block Care

The solution sets in 1.5-2 hours. Therefore, with a small amount of material for the construction of the formwork, after this time it is allowed to dismantle it in order to manufacture the next cinder block. In such cases, the concrete mass is prepared in portions for each form. Using one formwork, you can make about 5-6 blocks per day.

After the building material is ready, it is covered with a film. It serves to protect the cinder block from precipitation, as well as protection from excessively rapid drying. If the film is missing, then the block is recommended to be watered daily (starting from the second day after production) for 2-3 weeks. To ensure uniform drying, the material must be rotated periodically.

Making a cinder block with your own hands, of course, is primarily a money saver. But if available necessary materials and time this task can be done by anyone.

Depending on the desired result, the form for making the block will be different. The construction market is full of foreign/domestic concrete block manufacturers. They produce material of any category of complexity. When self repair, the option of creating a block from at home is quite real.

Please note: the installation of blocks will take much less time compared to other materials, due to their size.

Scope of application

More often, concrete blocks are used as a basic element of buildings: garages, multi-storey residential buildings, offices, private houses, summer cottages And so on. The scope of application is not limited to large-scale construction projects. It is possible to independently manufacture / use concrete blocks at home. The only difficulty: you need to use additional construction equipment(dryer, concrete mixer). As a dryer, you can use a closed room (utility), with the presence of a heater. The required temperature for a do-it-yourself dryer is 70 degrees. Concrete molds are used for the following products:

  • building concrete material;
  • decorative architectural elements (vases,);
  • paving slabs(type may vary);
  • fencing (including decorative ones);
  • reinforced concrete building slabs.

Feature: Depending on the product we need, the quality, details, mold casting will be different. To create a form, and then a product with your own hands, you should make accurate calculations, carefully monitor the process, follow the rules for creating, know the features of the material / future product.

Material for manufacturing

A variety of concrete blocks, features of their application, put forward many new materials on the market. The source material that gives the mold its quality characteristics may vary depending on the requirements for the final product. Each material is designed for the price category, quality, processing methods, technical indicators.


Silicone molds for bulk products.

The production of products with fine details, the creation of the most accurate copies, requires the use of elastomeric molds. Application area:

  • complex bulk products;
  • high-precision bas-reliefs;
  • architectural erections.

The production of these products is impossible without the following components:

  • rubber (synthetic rubber);
  • formoplast;
  • compounds (polyurethane/silicone).

Approximate material consumption: 10-40 kg/m2.

Disadvantage: it is extremely difficult to make such a product at home. You should use specialized equipment for cooking, crushing purposes. In addition, before starting work on the substance, you should consult a specialist. Due to the subtleties of working with the material, such a consultation is mandatory.

Plastic

Large-sized constructions that do not require precise geometric calculations are best made from plastic molds. Main materials:

  • fiberglass (low compatibility with the cement matrix, which may cause cracks, breaks);
  • hard plastic (prone to warping, so the main scope is paving slabs, curbs, concrete pavers);
  • ABS plastic sheet (prone to delamination, additional silicone lubricant should be used. Small size material can be made from it);
  • sheet / film polystyrene (it conveys the texture well, the outlines of objects, is a fragile material);
  • PVC plastic (the most durable, high-quality. The lowest possible adhesion, does not require cleaning and lubrication).

If you decide to use plastic to make a block, be sure to check for rigid formwork. It is the formwork that will give the material the desired relief, rigidity, and ensure easy extraction. In case of non-compliance with this rule, the products will either fall apart during drying, or the result will be of poor quality, short-lived.

Self-creation of the form

Please note that the final processing of the product should be carried out after complete solidification. If the product is raw, further actions(for example, cutting) are illogical, inefficient. Form creation:

  • Start production with improvised means. For example, you can use foam. Cut out the stamp, fill it with a pre-prepared mixture (sand-cement). You will receive one copy of the concrete decoration mold. You can use plastic containers of different sizes instead of stamps.
  • Assemble the product from scraps of chipboard, wood. The main rule is that the surface should be smooth. In the case of roughness, cracks form between the blocks and the surface, or the concrete is unevenly distributed, which makes it difficult to remove the product.
  • Pour concrete mix form, leave it for several days until completely dry (depending on the type of mixture, product material. See the required indicators in the instructions for the material).
  • After complete drying, carefully remove (for example, with a spatula or similar object) the finished product.
  • Carry out (if necessary) the required decorative work.

If you do not have the time / desire to carry out the process yourself, use the services of construction companies. By contacting the company you need, you can place an order for the form that you need. Explain the purpose of construction, the desired material, specify the time frame. Behind set price(should be agreed in person, by phone) you will be consulted and the order will be taken. Thus, you can be sure of the quality of the resulting product, its durability, and the correctness of its creation.

Building a house from blocks is moving faster than from bricks. You can buy them freely, but many make building blocks with their own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for the construction of walls. It also speeds up the use of building blocks for the foundation. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic meter. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look, is not such a super complicated matter.

Where to begin?

And the beginning of everything is the manufacture of forms.

Forms

On sale there are forms for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape of the workpiece from it and weld the shape. They also make molds from wood, they are good for adobe blocks. The bottom is not needed here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

What makes DIY building blocks good is that they use material that you already have or you can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made on the basis of cement with different fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers, sometimes do without it. Depending on the material chosen, it is possible to manufacture home-made building blocks of the following types:

  • cinder concrete;
  • blocks based on liquid glass;
  • adobe;
  • chip concrete or arbolite.

How the filler is used:

  • ash;
  • slag;
  • screenings;
  • crushed stone;
  • gypsum;
  • perlite;
  • expanded clay;
  • sawdust;
  • straw;
  • broken brick and more.

Blocks without cement

The manufacture of building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because liquid glass is present in the mixture. Is it possible to negotiate with the nearest reinforced concrete plant and buy the main component there. The mix will be:

    • two dozen parts of river sand;
    • one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
    • 4 parts of chalk;
    • 3 parts of slaked lime;
    • 2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

  • First, the sand is sifted;
  • chalk is added;
  • everything mixes well;
  • slaked lime is introduced;
  • kaolin or brick crushed to a state of powder;
  • liquid glass.

The feedstock should be homogeneous, pasty. Before pouring this dough-like mass, moisten the molds from the inside. If you wish, you can add color to the building blocks. To do this, add:

  • chalk of any color;
  • powdered red brick.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement.

Expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

  • cement - 1 part;
  • expanded clay - 5 parts;
  • sand - 3 parts;
  • water - about one part.

Technology

The manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete building blocks is, in general, the same as any other:

  • the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
  • rammed;
  • the form is removed after 10 minutes;
  • the product remains in place;
  • after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
  • in warm weather, the blocks will become hard after a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks are better with voids. To do this, inserts made of wood are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be taken out well, before inserting them, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

  • light weight;
  • frost resistance;
  • breathability;
  • moisture resistance;
  • strength;
  • small cost.

A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than a brick house, less mortar is needed for masonry.

adobe blocks

Components

For this type of block, the material is literally underfoot. All it takes is:

  • clay;
  • straw;
  • river sand;
  • water.

Selection features

In order for the characteristics of the building blocks to meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of the selection of components:

  1. It is better to prepare clay in the fall, cover it with a film and let it winter - this will improve its quality.
  2. Sand first sift, freeing from impurities.
  3. Straw can be taken to the field where wheat, rye or barley have just been harvested. If the straw remains from the harvest of the past year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying down, it begins to sing.

How to determine the percentage of components

  • clay - 1 cu. m;
  • straw - 20 kg;
  • sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do it like this:

  • connecting all the components small quantities and write down the proportions;
  • we make a batch;
  • form a ball;
  • leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
  • We throw it on the ground at a height of a meter and a half.

If all the components are matched in the right proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Added more sand than it should? It will break or crack. Not enough sand? The ball will float. So, in a practical way, we select the most best option.

Training

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a recess in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line the bottom with polyethylene. Although some kind of ready-made container is also suitable: a trough or old bath. Then everything is as it was done in the old days: we put on high boots made of rubber and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

  • While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for products: we select a flat sunny place;
  • we bring the mixture with buckets;
  • filling out forms;
  • we compact;
  • we remove the excess by drawing a board along the upper edges of the form;
  • remove the form.

Finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they do not get rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried again. Will be ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly, durable, fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolit)

The technology for manufacturing blocks from sawdust concrete is similar to the manufacture of adobe blocks, but the components need not be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start manufacturing, you need to purchase:

  • cement - M300 or higher;
  • sand - a fraction no larger than 1.8 Mcr;
  • not slaked lime;
  • sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

  • sift sawdust;
  • mix dry cement and sand;
  • lime here and mix again;
  • add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
  • pour water;
  • In order for the components to adhere well to each other, we add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
  • we control the quality of the mixture.

For quality control, roll the ball and squeeze it in the palms. If water flows, then there is too much of it in the mixture, if the ball crumbles, there is a lot of sawdust or sand.

Let's start manufacturing

  • We line the form with plastic wrap;
  • lay the mixture;
  • rammer;
  • without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
  • take it out of the mold and dry it further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is to be large-scale, then it may make sense to invest in equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL on sale. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions of 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Produced by a Russian manufacturer - the company INTEK.

Vibrating tables are widely used in the manufacture of building blocks. They allow you to solve the problem of ramming mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

  • movable table;
  • engine;
  • control panels;
  • sometimes a transformer is included.

Compaction of the working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by the vibration motor.

Working cycle

  • on the movable table we set the form;
  • put in the mold half or completely dry mixture;
  • start the engine;
  • drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

  • up to 75 kg;
  • from 75 to 160 kg;
  • from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should choose the best vibrating table for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are released by:

  • Russian company VPK;
  • Stroymash LLC;
  • plant "Red Poppy" in Yaroslavl and others.

Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:

  • Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
  • Germany - Wacker;
  • Italy - Batmatic;
  • France - Paclite.

Each of us needs a family and our own comfortable place for permanent residence. Someone wants to have an apartment in a big city, and someone wants to live where you can grow vegetables and fruits, keep pets, have a house suitable for habitation, and all the necessary outbuildings. But not everyone can afford to build all the necessary premises from purchased building materials. In this case, we think about whether it is possible to build a house from hand-made material.

Aerated concrete blocks are a lightweight building material, so there is no need to strengthen the foundation when building a house.

This question was asked by all generations before us, so a sufficient number of ways to obtain building materials from improvised means have long been known.

The most optimal solution in this case is the construction of housing on your own from what can be obtained directly on the spot.

Elements of the supporting frame: 1 - the first row of blocks based on mortar; 2 - additional cellular blocks; 3 - annular reinforced belt; 4 - reinforced concrete floor slabs; 5 - heat-insulating gasket; 6 - monolithic reinforced concrete distribution belt; 7 - lintel reinforced from concrete; 8 - lintel made of concrete; 9 - waterproofing; 10 - base.

The most accessible of the materials that can be found everywhere is the earth, or rather, the soil, which is under the fertile layer. Since ancient times, both residential buildings and other buildings were built from the ground, but more often in those areas where there was little forest. Blocks were made from this material using plastic molding or tamping, as well as using formwork (the soil was simply stuffed into it very tightly).

For example, if do-it-yourself work on building a house is planned without a basement, then the soil that was taken out for the arrangement of the future foundation will be enough to build the walls of a one-story house. If you make a basement, then the house can already be made two-story. For walls fit and the soil that is taken out during the construction of a pool, drainage or well.

Previously, it was not possible to mechanize at least some part of the manufacturing process of such a building material, but in our time, of course, you no longer have to mix the necessary ingredients with your feet, because special mechanized devices have been invented for this.

With the advent of special mechanisms, the situation with the construction using improvised materials has changed significantly for the better. With the help of an electrified tool, it is possible to produce material - mix it and compact it. And the result is no worse than in ancient times, but it takes much less time and physical effort.

To the authors of the equipment about which in question, it was possible to create a tool suitable for compacting concrete and other building low-moisture mixtures and materials, as well as soil masses. And this invention, affordable to many, will make it possible to produce most of the building material and parts directly at the construction site.

Soil manufacturing technology

With the help of such a machine, it is possible to form wall blocks from local raw materials, incl. from the soil using the “zone injection” technology.

The basis production process This apparatus is taken to reproduce the natural effect called "fluid wedge". home technological feature consists in the fact that the form, the molding powder mass and the supercharger simultaneously move in it. And all this without any vibrations and noises. This eliminates the need for such traditional processes as dosing mass, control of product size and pressure, which inflates the punch in similar molding plants.

In the molding machine called "Mini-supercharger" MN-05, a dense and uniform structure is formed throughout the entire volume of the mold, and the dimensions of the product always correspond to the shape in all respects. When switching to another material, no changeover of the equipment is required. And in the process, the effects of elastic aftereffect, air entrapment and overpressure are excluded.

Block laying sequence: a - single-row dressing system; b - multi-row dressing system; c, d - multi-row dressing system in a mixed way (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

MN-05, which has no analogues in the world, is intended not only for the manufacture of single-format blocks for building needs, with its help it is possible to independently manufacture bricks, and various racks, blocks, slabs for window sills and much more, which is necessary when building a house with your own hands. The raw materials for MH-05 can also be different kinds soils, and, and industrial waste, and other materials.

This molding kit is indispensable for owners of garden and summer cottages, cottages, farmers, landscape designers and architects, as endless opportunities for individual creativity come off when building a house, and when landscaping any area, whether household plot or a park.

Everyone has the opportunity to work with this device. Nothing complicated needs to be done. And at the same time, the cost of building a house is several times lower than usual. Here are some parameters of products that can be made on MN-05 (name, size in millimeters and one-time quantity):

  • raw brick from a soil block - 65x120x250 - 4 pieces;
  • concrete block for paving - 65x120x250 - 4 pieces;
  • paving slabs 250x250 - 2 pieces;
  • concrete gas stone - 65x120x1000 - 2 pieces;
  • flat tiles -120x250 - 4 pieces;
  • window sill plate - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
  • window lintel - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
  • concrete facing tiles - 250x250x15 - 2 pieces;
  • reinforced concrete pillar-rack - 65x65x100 - 3 pcs;
  • concrete tray - 65x250x100 - 1 pc.

The phenomenon of "fluid wedge" makes it possible to obtain unique properties material: its density reaches 99%, which prevents the occurrence of elastic stress, transverse delamination and expansion of the compacts, since air is not trapped.

Manufacturing in a block form

It is better to make a mold for making blocks with a removable bottom, so it will be easier to take out finished blocks.

There are other technologies for making blocks for construction and other building materials for the house with your own hands from improvised materials (clay, sand, lime, sawdust, earth bit) and from cement.

The technology that will be discussed now is similar to the technology called "tise" (technology + individual construction + ecology), but this one is modified and universal, since it can be used to make building blocks with voids (sand and cement mortar ), and without them (clay, sand, sawdust, cement, lime, earthbite).

The durability of structures made of blocks using this technology is greater than that of those made traditional ways, - up to 100 years or more. With the help of such blocks, it is possible to erect buildings up to 4 floors.

The process of making a block with your own hands:

  • preparation of a solution (sand-cement or other);
  • setting the block form to exactly horizontal position;
  • pouring the solution into the mold (and, if necessary, ramming it);
  • after 5-10 minutes, the pins and internal structures are removed to form voids;
  • removal of the mold from the manufactured structure, further drying of the block.

In this way, you can make up to 40 blocks per day with your own hands. And building blocks made in block form have significant advantages over panel or brick blocks:

  • very significant reduction in construction costs;
  • use of economical equipment;
  • no need for heavy lifting and transport vehicles;
  • availability of building materials;
  • minimal waste;
  • ensuring high strength of the structure;
  • high thermal insulation of the house;
  • environmental safety and high level of comfort;
  • during operation there are no high costs for maintenance and repair.

Building blocks from wood concrete

The main composition of the wall blocks includes wood chips and concrete.

Wood concrete blocks are lightweight building blocks that are made from wood chips (usually from trees conifers), water, sawdust, chemicals and cement. In the sixties of the last century, the production of such blocks was carried out by more than 100 factories throughout the country. But after the approval of panel construction, production was discontinued.

Nowadays, it is possible to make blocks of wood concrete for building a house with your own hands, with strict observance of all technological requirements. The requirements of GOST, according to which wood concrete was previously made, involves the use of wood particles, the size of which is strictly 40x10x5 mm. The number of leaves and needles cannot exceed 5% and should not exceed 10% of the bark.

For manufacturing, a considerable amount of cement is needed, which worsens the thermal insulation properties of the material. Precisely because of this ideal option wood chips are considered as the main raw material.

Arbolite is an ideal material for making the walls of a bath or sauna.

Experts recommend the use of sawdust and shavings, because wood shavings can serve both for heat and for reinforcement. The ratio of sawdust and shavings can be either 1:1 or 1:2. Before use, in order to avoid rotting from chips and sawdust, sugar must be removed, and for this it is necessary to keep the material outdoors for 3-4 months. Without this procedure, swelling of the blocks is possible in the future.

During aging, it is necessary to periodically shovel chips with sawdust, but if this is not possible, then the mixture must be treated with calcium oxide. A solution is prepared at the rate of 150-200 liters of a 1.5% solution per 1 m² of raw materials. The processed mixture is left for 3-4 days with stirring several times a day.

For the manufacture of wood concrete is required. Experts recommend using Portland cement 400 grade, and as additives - liquid glass, slaked lime, aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate.

Additives are prepared in the amount of 2-4% of the mass of cement. The best combination of additives is considered to be a mixture of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% aluminum sulfate, or in the same ratio of water glass and calcium oxide.

Process features

If possible, you can prepare both shavings and sawdust with your own hands using special machines and processes, but you can also purchase this raw material in ready-made and already processed.

This material is soaked in water with the addition of liquid glass. And to speed up the process of hardening and mineralization of the material, calcium chloride is added to the mass. In order to carry out disinfection, you need to introduce slaked lime.

And only after all these preparations, the mass is kneaded in a concrete mixer along with cement and other necessary ingredients. Next comes the filling of special forms with the resulting material, while it is necessary to compact the mixture with a manual rammer, a vibropress, or pneumatic or electric rammers.

Material shaping

Experts recommend making forms for blocks from boards and upholstering their walls with linoleum in order to make it easier to remove building blocks. With manual tamping, it is done in layers, made of wood and iron-studded tamper. After the block is aged for a day, and then removed. Then it is left under a canopy for full refinement to the desired strength. In this case, it should be covered while still wet for hydration.

The optimal temperature and time for this is 15 degrees and 10 days. At lower temperatures, longer holding times will be required. it is important not to allow the mark below zero and do not forget to periodically water the blocks with water.

Expanded clay blocks

You can do it yourself and. First of all, for the manufacture of expanded clay blocks, you need to prepare a special form. You can run it from a regular board. The form is made from a pallet and two halves, resembling the letter "G". The boards must be treated on the inside with machine oil or beaten with tin. At the ends, special closures should be installed that will not allow the form to disintegrate or change size.

It will be a little more difficult to make a form with void formers for an expanded clay block with voids, but this is offset by the economical consumption of expanded clay mixture. If desired, schemes for their correct manufacture can be found in articles on this topic.

The size of the form can be arbitrary and depend on the construction tasks, but the following sizes are more often used:

  • 39x19x14 cm;
  • 19x19x14 cm.

In addition to the form, you will need the following tools:

  • Master OK;
  • shovel;
  • buckets;
  • container for primary mixing of components with water;
  • metal plate for final mixing of expanded clay concrete mass;
  • water, sand, expanded clay.

Component ratio

To make a quality mixture, you need to take:

  • 1 part of a binder - cement grade not lower than M400;
  • 8 parts of expanded clay (approximately 300-500 kg / m³). It should be added that about 5 kg of expanded clay fraction from 5 to 20 mm is placed in a bucket of 10 liters;
  • sand - 3 parts without admixture of clay and other components;
  • 0-8 - 1 part water.

Experts advise adding a teaspoon of any washing powder to the solution for greater plasticity of the solution.

Proper mixture casting

With a trowel or shovel, you need to carefully pour all the components into a container of water and let this mass settle for some time. Then it is transferred to a metal sheet and brought to the desired state by thorough mixing.

After the finished mixture is placed in a mold and subjected to vibration using a special device that creates vibration impulses. You can get by with tapping with a shovel on the sides of the form.

After two days, the rammed block must be carefully released from the mold by unhooking the shutters on it, and in this form it should be left to harden for another 26 days.

A standard expanded clay block weighs from 16 to 17 kg, and it takes about 1.5 kg of cement, 4 kg of sand and 10.5 kg of expanded clay. Having made some simple calculations, we get that each block costs about 25 rubles, with an average cost of finished expanded clay of 30 rubles without delivery.

Aerated concrete blocks

For the preparation of blocks of aerated concrete, the following components are needed:

  • Portland cement;
  • quicklime;
  • sand;
  • water;
  • a small amount of aluminum powder.

You will also need:

  • concrete mixer;
  • forms for blocks;
  • metal strings, in order to cut off excess mixture from the top of the molds;
  • shovel;
  • measuring utensils;
  • buckets;
  • individual protection means.

The components are taken in the required proportion: quicklime and Portland cement - 20% each; quartz sand - 60%; aluminum powder - less than 1% and slightly more than 9% - water. All this is mixed in a mixer until the consistency of sour cream.

Molds for casting aerated concrete experts advise to purchase ready-made, preferring metal and plastic molds. And the finished mixture is poured into such forms, filling it in half, since gas formation will raise the mixture to the rest of the mixture in some time. And if the mixture rises above the edges, then the excess is cut off by the strings.

The mixture in the forms is aged for 6 hours. In this state, the blocks will already be ready for cutting into smaller pieces after the formwork is removed from the precast molds. When cutting, it is necessary to form gripping pockets and grooves for the fingers.

Further, in industrial conditions, the blocks are placed in an autoclave to gain strength, but these installations are very expensive, so when self-manufacturing blocks will gain strength in natural conditions.

The removed and cut blocks are kept indoors for another day before they can be stacked one on top of the other. Such material can be used to build a house only after 28-30 days, when the blocks gain their final strength.

Whatever method you choose to prepare the material for building a house with your own hands, in any case, the construction of buildings from it will come out cheaper, and in some cases much more environmentally friendly, stronger and more comfortable than using industrial material.