Justification of the need for three loops and the main methods of their insertion. Self-installation of hinges on the door - a detailed guide Entrance door on 3 hinges

16.03.2020

The superiority of removable canopies over universal ones, the analysis of the loops of "butterflies" and "invisibles". Load distribution and explanation why the third loop only spoils everything. Separately, a mini-review - ideal partners for a massive door.

1. "Let's decide: heavy doors - how many in kilograms?"

Conditionally: from 50 kg. Anything lighter will be handled by regular mortise hinges with 2.5 mm thick cards. But under doors heavier than 50 kg, it is better to buy thicker hinges.

In general, the weight of the canvas depends primarily on: a) the material and method of filling; b) dimensions; in) exterior finish. So that you understand the average alignment:

~ 14 kg - the weight of a "cardboard" interior door without glass (800 x 2000 mm, thickness - 35 mm).

~ 17 kg - similar model, but with a wide glass insert from top to bottom.

~ 40 kg weighs a deaf interior door made of solid oak (800 x 2000 mm, thickness - 35 mm).

~ 75 kg weighs an entrance door made of solid ash (900 x 2000 mm, thickness - 55 mm).

~ 115 kg - weight of a church oak door (1300 x 2300 mm, thickness - 60 mm).

These figures are for bare linen and weight should always be kept in mind. decorative overlays(if any) and, of course, fittings. Some door handles add 0.5-1 kg on top.

2. "How is the load distributed on the hinges that hold the heavy door?"

Let's say we have a classic version - a door with two mortise hinges. Then the main axial load falls on the lower one, and the upper part takes the radial load for the most part. Simply put, the lower hinge bears the weight of the sash, while the upper hinge is affected by a force that tends to pull the hinge out of the jamb.

Door hinges wear mostly "down". Under the weight of the canvas, their halves grind off each other, bearings are gradually produced. As a result, over the course of a year, the interior door in the house drops by about 0.2-0.3 mm. That is, in 5 years it will inevitably sag by 1-1.5 mm. And this is even under ideal conditions: adequately selected hinges, competent installation, etc.

Thus, the correct (with an eye on the weight of the canvas) choice of door hinges will allow you to delay the creak, tight move, clinging to the box and other incidents as much as possible. And vice versa: if you hang a thick oak door on steel hinges 100 x 75 x 25 mm, then expect trouble. The hinges may not break out of the box, but they will suddenly sag.

3. “Why do you offer to buy mortise hinges for a heavy door? There are overhead canopies "butterflies" "

Under the butterflies do not make a groove (groove). In fact, the door is held by four poor self-tapping screws of the lower hinge. Butterflies also have a giant “out of the box” backlash, which will only grow. In this situation, any wooden door from the 50+ kg category is doomed. She will quickly sag and begin to rub against the jamb, even if hung on 3-4 butterflies.

4. “And the door hinges of hidden installation (“invisible”)? What's wrong with them?"

They have a short hinge mechanism and a small mounting area, which leads to an increase in the load on the screws, and there are two of them on the side of the sash and the box. In general, it is already clear that these are not the best hinges for thick doors (as well as for high, wide, etc.).

Many more stealth narrow the opening angle. Sometimes very seriously - from 180° to 100°. You can, of course, bring the box forward, as if drowning the casing in it, but this is unlikely to please your master. He already has a lot of work planned, because for hidden hinges the groove is milled not by 2-3 mm, as is the case with mortise ones, but often by 10-11 mm or more. It would seem, and okay. But then we remember that we have heavy wooden doors and inside is not soft pine, but something very hard - oak, beech, ash. Such wood can be removed with a milling cutter, but it will not be so fast and easy. By the way, it won't be cheap either.

And since we're talking about money. Decent hidden door hinges (of those that can withstand a heavy canvas) cost from 3,000 rubles / piece.

5. “So, mortise hinges. But which ones: universal or removable?

Removable. And it's not that with them you can remove the canvas at any time without unscrewing the screws. They have another not obvious, but crucial plus - simplicity. Removable hinges have only two rubbing surfaces and one fulcrum (in the form of a hardened ball at the end).

Due to the simplicity of the design, removable hinges play less and are not so sensitive to workmanship. In fact, if the ball rests against the cap, the loops should and will work fine. Even if otherwise they have minor and moderate flaws in geometry.

With universal canopies on 4-5-6 bearings, everything is complicated. In order for the bearings to be evenly loaded, precision casting is required. It is unrealistic to achieve this in the cheap segment: door hinges for heavy doors for 150-200 rubles are not poured, but stamped, the axial play in them can reach 1-1.5 mm. This is already enough so that even with an ideal tie-in, only one bearing will solo, and the rest will play along. In turn, this forces wear on the first bearing. After its development, the canvas will shrink to the position of the next one, which from that moment will begin to work for accelerated wear.

By the way, the removable loop has another plus. If it sags, you can compensate for the change in height by ordering a brass or bronze washer from the turner and throwing it on the axle. Universal canopies are non-separable - and such a feint will not work there.

6. “How many hinges do you need for a heavy door - two or three?”

For two, except for special cases (more on that at the end of the paragraph). At the same time, they should be fixed with an indent of 200 mm from the top and bottom of the web.

Why exactly two loops? First, three is almost always an overkill. For example, you can order Palladium N 700 door hinges from us, which together can handle a 90-kilogram leaf. And 90 kg is a lot: 99% of home wooden doors will fit into this limit.

Secondly, the third loop is needed for pressing. Its participation in load distribution is negligible, if not zero at all.

Thirdly, it is incredibly difficult to embed three loops, putting them on the same axis. Even if it works out, no one canceled the seasonal fluctuations of wood, and the door will inevitably lead. Because of this, carefully set alignment will go, the load on the canopies and fasteners will become variable. Simply put, the porch will be broken, one of the loops will begin to creak. And it is impossible to predict which one.

It makes sense to add a third loop in two cases:

Weak and thin door frame (≤ 20 mm in thickness);

High web (≥ 2200 mm).

7. “I want to buy hinges for heavy wooden door that will last at least 20-30 years. Without creaking, jerky movement, sagging, etc. What to look at?

1.[sideness] This is if you listened to our recommendation and settled on removable models. How to distinguish the right loop from the left,.

2.[Size] If the door is too heavy (70+ kg), take the canopies higher and thicker. For example, our Palladium N 700-5″ (125 x 80 x 4 mm) brass hinges - they are designed for weights up to 100 kg. If the door is of moderate weight (60-70 kg), 100 x 80 x 4 mm will do. For interior canvases weighing 40-45 kg, you can limit yourself to loops 100 (125) x 75 x 2.5 mm.

3.[Material] Steel is at best a four with a minus in geometry. Brass hinges tend to be much more accurate because they are not stamped but cast.

Door fittings are very diverse and today are made from the most different materials, and even has additional features. But the question of how far the hinges in the interior door should be remains relevant. This is mainly due to the fact that exact standards are not provided here.

Door sash weight

This is one of the basic characteristics, taking into account which fittings are selected. It is clear that overhead models made of aluminum alloy cannot cope with a heavy glass sheet, so they cannot be fixed, and powerful hidden ones will make opening and closing a light plastic sash quite difficult.

The most common materials for interior doors are as follows.

Plastic is an option for the office. Budget, imposes low weight, but not too durable. It will require the most simple easy accessories.

Shield sash - is wooden frame lined with MDF sheets. The weight is minimal, the strength is low, the appearance is much more presentable. You can hang a consignment note, and mortise fittings.
Chipboard - a canvas from a whole sheet has quite decent strength. So you can install any fittings that are suitable for weight.
MDF - an interior sash made of MDF sheet weighs noticeably more, is stronger, more durable, is not afraid of water, and has a very aesthetic appearance. Accessories can be attached to any kind - forged overhead models, hidden, mortise, etc. It may be necessary to install more than 2 elements for larger sizes.
A canvas made of solid wood is the most elegant and expensive option. The most difficult - here you will probably need not 2, but more elements.

Hardware characteristics

You need to hang or embed accessories in accordance not only with the style, but also taking into account the possibilities. The distance between the hinges on the door is calculated from the same considerations.

Overhead - the usual version is able to withstand 25-30 kg of weight.
Mortise - more powerful, especially reinforced. They are used for installation on heavy wooden doors.
The power of the screw-in model is determined by the number of pins.

Hidden - you can even install on metal entrance doors, but, of course, the models differ in power. As a rule, at least three are attached in order to provide the sash with the ability to adjust in three planes. In the photo - fittings installation.

How far apart are the hinges on the doors?

This parameter depends on the number of fittings, which is associated with the weight of the sash. The exception is the distance from the edge for the lowest and highest loops. This distance is 15–25 cm and is not strictly regulated: even a different distance from the upper and lower edges is allowed, if this is due to the distribution of weight in the sash.

Large manufacturers in the instructions give the ratio between the weight of the canvases and the number of elements:

on light doors, 2 elements are installed. The distance between them is determined by the height of the sash;
with a canvas weight of 35 kg, it is recommended to hang 3 loops at an equal distance from each other. The distance from the edge in this case should be the same;

with a weight of 35–50 kg, 3 elements are installed, but in a different way: 2 at the top and 1 at the bottom. In this case, the distance between the centers of the two upper elements is 25 cm;
with a mass of 50–80 kg, it is desirable to install 4 elements - 2 at the bottom, 2 at the top, the distance between a pair of elements is 25 cm;

at a height of more than 210 cm, the fittings should be placed symmetrically between the two closest to the edge. The distance is determined by the height of the sash.

To find out at what distance the hinges are placed on the door, you can use the table designed for such cases.

In the process of installing an interior door, one of the important steps is to fasten the hinges and hang the canvas on them. Fittings are selected from your own preferences, taking into account the characteristics of the door and who will be involved in the installation. Butterfly hinges or card hinges are especially easy to install, which do not require scrupulous turning work on inserting fittings. How to install butterfly hinges on interior door you will learn from this article.

What are the features of this type of fittings?

Canopies in the form of butterflies constructively consist of two inseparable parts. When folding, a smaller element is nested in a larger one. For this reason, there is no need to equip the groove for fitting fittings. Fastening is carried out by means of conventional hardware and does not require professional tools and skills.

Benefits of hinged hinges

Usually butterfly hinges are used as fittings for the first experience of installing an interior door. They are characterized by the following advantages:

Relative strength and wear resistance. Typically, these fittings are made of stainless steel or brass and coated with a galvanized layer that provides additional resistance to mechanical wear.
Easy Installation. The hinges do not require tapping, so the help of a specialist is not required for tapping them.
Comfort of operation. The design of the fittings includes bearings that provide a smooth ride and no creaking.
Versatility. Suitable for left and right door mounting.
Aesthetic look. Stylish and modern form hinges go well with many interior styles. Wide range of colors allows you to choose fittings in accordance with the shade of the door.

To hang a canvas of standard sizes, it is enough to purchase two loops designed for loads from 40 to 100 kg.

Disadvantages of butterfly loops

The disadvantages of card loops include:

Their lack of reliability. Due to the fact that the fittings are located on the outer part of the web, it is easy to dismantle it for the purpose of hacking.
The impossibility of screwing the door hinges on the door, equipped with a feigned strip around the entire perimeter.
Not suitable for hanging techno-style doors with the illusion of no fastening.

Experts identify several features of butterfly awnings that must be taken into account before installing hinges on an interior door:

the need to precisely fasten the hinges for the perfect folding of the sides of the canopy in order to avoid unevenness of the door and problems during operation;
frequent occurrence small gap, which is side effect loop cards;
the impossibility of removing the door leaf without unscrewing the hardware.

Butterfly hinges are best suited for light interior doors. For hanging heavy interior or entrance structures, it is better to give preference to other more reliable fittings.

When analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these products, it is necessary to decide whether you will install a butterfly hinge or give preference to other, more suitable fittings.

How to install butterfly hinges on an interior door?

Before installing overhead fittings on the door, it is necessary to prepare necessary tools. You will need a clerical knife, an electric drill or screwdriver, fasteners and a set of drills.

Mounting diagram

The installation of this fitting begins with the markup stage. For this you need:

measure 200 mm from the top and bottom of the canvas and attach a loop;
mark with a pencil the location of the hardware.

Further actions are performed according to the installation scheme:

According to the marked notches, drill holes, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the corresponding indicator of the self-tapping screws.
Screw the smaller half of the overhead fittings to the end part of the canvas with a screwdriver or screwdriver.
Fix the other part of the canopy on the box. To do this, the fittings must first be fully opened, attached to the beam and the appropriate markings must be made.
After installation, critically evaluate the quality of the work performed.

The nuances of proper installation

When fastening hardware, you should observe the same distance between the fasteners on different parts cards. If you fasten them closer on one side, and further on the opposite side, this will manifest itself in problems during operation. So that it can be fixed correct installation should be made in a safe place of the canvas, where a special wooden beam. If you drill a hole in another place, you can ruin the canvas itself. This will necessitate a complete door replacement.

If the fittings are correctly fastened, then the composite fragments of the loops should enter one into the other without gaps and errors. In this case, the outer card lies flat on the end of the door leaf. If this condition is not met, then an error was made during the installation of the fittings, which will negatively affect the operation of the structure. Experts recommend eliminating the defect by placing a thin piece of cardboard under the loop.

On sale you can find canopies in which the cards are not located in a single plane, but have a discrepancy between the inner and outer parts of 1 mm. Their operation differs in convenience, and installation is carried out according to the same method described earlier.

What to do if a defect was detected during the operation of the butterfly loop?

The butterfly hinge has such a simple and concise design that it is ideal for installation by a novice master. As a rule, with a lack or complete lack of experience in carpentry, there are some errors in installation. You may not notice them immediately, but soon, during the operation of the structure, they will manifest themselves in a creak, spontaneous opening of the door, or, on the contrary, in difficult closing of the canvas. Experienced craftsmen say that every defect can be corrected with your own hands.

Identified defect in the operation of the door		Ways to fix
The door creaks when used, opens spontaneously, the hinges and lining of the canvas wear out quickly	The wings of the hinges do not fit tightly to the end or to the door frame. Most likely, there are excess gaps and the loop “walks”	The defect is corrected by placing a small piece of cardboard in such a way that the free part of the loop fits snugly against the surface of the canvas or box
The door does not fully close during operation	Need to replace hinges in which the wings are not located in a single plane	Old fittings are replaced with canopies of a suitable type. Another way is to put a small piece of cardboard on the inside of the structure.
Can't close the door tightly	Sagging top loop. At the stage of preparation for installation, the correct gap (larger) was not provided on the side of the lock	The problem is more often detected at the final stage of the installation of the web and box, when a change can harm appearance products. As a way out, drowning an external card in the door frame is recommended.

findings

It is best to put overhead canopies on light interior doors, the functions of which are not subject to increased requirements. They are very decorative and easy to install, but they are not able to withstand a massive structure and last a long time in conditions of increased wear. For entrance and heavy doors, it is recommended to choose fittings that are more resistant to wear and tear.

Installing hinges on the door is an important stage in the installation of the door leaf and frame. One side, this process does not cause any problems, since it comes down to installing the hinges themselves and fixing the door leaf, and on the other hand, it requires time, as well as patience and the availability of the necessary tools for installation. Before you install door hinges with your own hands, think about whether you can achieve high quality work. It is from the correct installation of hinges and doors on them that their further operation largely depends.

Varieties of door hinges

Features of the installation of certain loops will depend on their variety. Loops are classified according to the features of the structure and fastening into three main types:

Overhead. Consist of two identical parts fastened together. One part is fixed on the door frame, the other on the canvas. There are also, which are a single whole. Installation of overhead loops does not require special skills and is the simplest and most accessible to everyone.

Mortise. They differ in a more complex and lengthy installation, which requires special equipment and skills to work with it. The complexity of installation is offset by the wide distribution of mortise hinges, as well as their reliability and durability.

Screw-in. They are fastened with threaded pins - they are screwed into the door leaf, thereby securely fastening to its surface. Usually installed in the amount of three pieces per door, they differ in the number of mounting pins.

There are also hidden door hinges, which are very difficult to install, but guarantee excellent security and safety of the home.

Preparing the necessary tools

The installation process is unthinkable without a set of certain materials, tools and equipment necessary for work. So, before starting installation, you should prepare:

door hinges.
screwdriver and a set of screws.
pencil (required for marking).
a set of wooden wedges for leveling the structure.
building level.
hammer and chisel.

After you have made sure that the work area has the tools and materials listed above, you can proceed with the installation of door hinges.

Proper marking

Installing door hinges by eye is unacceptable - even a small error can lead to distortion and deformation of the door leaf and structure. Marking is done with a pencil as follows:

Attach the hinges to the places of the intended installation. The placement of the hinges should be carried out with a minimum indentation from the edges of the door (top and bottom) by 20 centimeters.
Circle the hinges attached to the door end with a pencil, then set them aside.
Using a chisel and a hammer, make indentations in the marked areas necessary for installing the mortise hinges.

Pay close attention to the thickness of the recess. If it exceeds the thickness of the hinge, when closing the door will rest against the box. Ultimately, this will lead to deformation of the door leaf and problems with opening and closing the door.

Before you install the hinges on the door, you need to mark the door frame. This operation will require skill and patience to correctly determine the location of the loop:

Install the canvas in the box and fix it with wooden wedges as it should be in the installed state. To align the door leaf, use the building level.
After aligning the canvas, mark on the box where the door hinges come into contact with the door.
As in the case of the door leaf, use a hammer and chisel to make the required number of recesses for installing door hinges.

The alignment of the door leaf in the box should be carried out not only vertically, but also horizontally. Incorrect vertical installation will cause spontaneous opening of the door, and horizontal installation will make it difficult to close it.

Proper installation of door hinges

Installation of mortise hinges

Inserting hinges into an interior door is the most difficult procedure of all possible, so having mastered it, you can easily install overhead and screwed hinges. The installation procedure for mortise hinges is as follows:

Drown the hinges in the recesses made in the previous stages of work on the door.
Using a screwdriver, make holes in the tree for the hinges.
Take screws of suitable diameter and, using a screwdriver, fasten the loops on the door leaf.
Install the door in doorway and secure it with wooden wedges.
Dredge the loops in the recesses made, then repeat steps 2-3.

During installation, make sure that the door is level in the frame and does not move during installation. Before you hang the door on the hinges, carefully align it in the doorway with building level(as in markup).

Installation of overhead loops

This is the easiest to use method that does not require cutting and preliminary preparation of the door and door frame (without creating recesses). Simplicity lies both in the design of such loops and in the installation features - you don’t have to think about how to weld the loops and fix them in the socket as firmly as possible.

Installation is similar to the installation of mortise hinges, however, the parts are not installed in special recesses, but are simply screwed to the end of the door and frame with screws. As in the previous case, it is important to maintain the correct position of the door leaf in space throughout the installation of the hinges.

Installation of screw hinges

Installation of screw door hinges will not cause problems even for a novice master. Typically, installation comes down to three simple steps:

Before you put the hinges on the door, you need to drill holes in the door leaf according to a special template that usually comes with the hinges. Nests for hinges are drilled both on the door and on the frame, on the same level.

The next step is to install the hinges in their places. One half is placed on the door, the second on the box.
The final stage is the "stringing" of the door hinges on the box hinges. This completes the simple installation of the hinges.

After the installation is completed, it is recommended to prevent creaking when opening and closing doors, as well as to extend the life of door hinges. If you have any questions about correct installation door hinges, you can get more information from the video (as well as consolidate the information already received from this article), which can be found and played below.

Not everything is so simple. Let's try to figure out how much there should be and on what criteria the number of hinges in the door depends. The main thing here:

The weight of the door must be evenly distributed between the hinges.
“Loop strength” is the mass for which it is designed. The “strength of the hinge” determines the number of hinges in the door structure.

Myth 2: The lock manufacturer is not important

In fact, the reliability of the lock is not affected by the size, but by its design features.

Each lock is tested for burglary resistance with the assignment of a security class from 1 to 4.

The most reliable and secure locks correspond to the 4th security class. At the same time, each of the manufacturers develops its own lock security system, and the more production experience, the more complex and reliable the protection will be.

Advice: choose locks from manufacturers that have been on the market for a long time, so you can be sure that the locks are not only tested for security, but also tested for durability. Specify which class the locks installed in the door belong to. Optimally, if two locks are installed in the door various types, so it will be twice as difficult to open the door.

Myth 3: hardware is the same for all doors

This myth is easy to verify in practice. If a door with ordinary fittings is installed on the “street-house” border, then, most likely, already in the very first winter you will be able to observe irreversible consequences. From exposure to strong temperature fluctuations and from exposure high humidity the handle coating will wear off, fade or rust.

Tip: when choosing a front door for, ask the representative of the outlet for the resistance of fittings to various kinds of temperature influences. If, for example, moisture-resistant fittings are produced, then they are made of a special multi-layer coating, which is not afraid of temperature fluctuations, high humidity and sunbeams. thanks to the use of this type of fittings, your doors will retain their perfect appearance all the time while they are in operation.

Outcome is this: when choosing an entrance door, pay special attention not only to the design of the door itself, but also to hinges, locks and fittings.