What should be the dowels for the timber. Metal dowels in a log house - pros and cons. What is a lamella

31.10.2019

Round wooden dowels can be easily made at home.

Holes of the required diameter are drilled in the steel plate-matrix at an angle of 45-60° to the surface of the plate.

The rail-blank is clamped into the chuck of an electric drill and, having inserted a plate into the hole, is gradually passed through it.

When the workpiece is rotated, the sharp edges of the hole cut off excess wood and form a cylindrical rod, which is cut into dowels of the required length.

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DIY dowels for timber

The construction of structures made of wood implies the mandatory use of special fastening fragments. Such elements are focused on ensuring that the design is of high quality, reliable, monolithic, as strong as possible.

An integral part of the structure are pins, or dowels. It is the quality of this part that determines the reliability of the entire structure. You can easily make dowels for timber even with your own hands. The procedure is not something particularly complicated. The main thing is to follow the chosen method.

What are wooden dowels?

To begin with, it is worth understanding what the nagel itself is. The detail is a miniature fragment made to strengthen the walls of a log house made of timber. At the same time, it is the diameter of the dowels for the beam that acts as one of the most key characteristics.

The purpose of the pins may be different. For example, wooden dowels are focused on fixing log structures. The detail allows you to slow down a variety of negative consequences that invariably accompany the functioning of structures made of wood. It could be:

Such peculiar pins, installed correctly and correctly, will make the building stable. The beams of the structure will be placed in such a way that they will remain unchanged after a couple of months, and after several decades.

Spikes for fixing timber: which ones to choose and for what?

The most popular are dowels made from hardwoods.

Fixing the timber with dowels

The most durable options are spikes made of oak or birch. They are not possible to deform, bend, break. However, there is one condition. They must be properly fixed. What is their shape and size? The optimal solution is the details of rounded contours.

Their length should not exceed 25 mm. Wooden pins must be smooth, even, not only at the installation point, but over the entire surface. It is these nails that guarantee the longest possible service life.

Installing dowels in timber is a mandatory rule for timber and log structures. Birch spikes are the most common option. Such pins cannot become an analogue of self-tapping screws or primitive nails. If they are used, then it is impossible to guarantee the stability and reliability of the structure. It is also worth abandoning the use of reinforcement. Metal versions can lead to a number of negative consequences, which is explained by the direct interaction of materials with different thermal conductivity parameters. What can lead to the use of metal dowels? It could be:

formation of condensate;
coating the surface of the spikes with rust;
rotting of the entire layer of wood.

The nuances of creating dowels

How to make dowels for timber? Actually this simple procedure. It is easy to do it yourself. To do this, you need to use logs of a certain length. Blanks (optimally from birch) must be split into many small fragments. It is advisable to make them in the form of squares. Then you need to trim them. This is done manually. It is recommended to give the blanks a rounded shape of the desired diameter.

Owners lathe making pins is very easy. With its use, elements are created quickly and accurately. If there are no wooden logs, you can always use cuttings from shovels that are already out of circulation. To give them the required size and shape, you just need to cut them. Round parts are easily created with a circular saw.

The subtleties of fastening dowels made of wood

How is the beam fastened with dowels? It can also be done with your own hands, without the use of the services of professionals. The order of work is extremely simple. Using wood spikes to begin with will require finding the middle of the plane used. At this point, it is necessary to make the appropriate markup. This is where the hole will be created in the future.

Now you need to drill a recess using a drill. It is in it that it will then be necessary to fasten the dowels. That is why it is very important to correctly select the diameter of the drill. Its dimensions must be identical to the same spike parameters. As for the depth, this is 1.5 timber. The question of what dowels for a 150x150 beam turns out to be quite simple. You can see how this procedure is performed.

At the same time, the task itself disappears: how to drill a beam for dowels. Undoubtedly, best option- This is a modern drill. It is much more important to monitor the correct processing of the hole. The entry angle depends on the position of the drill. It should be strictly perpendicular to the base itself. The literacy of this step will allow you to avoid problems with the installation of fragments in the future. It is also worth remembering that if the dowel is extremely loose in the timber, this will deprive the structure of all the advantages of this kind of fasteners. It is also worth avoiding excessive density. The length of the dowel should not be more established dimensions. Protrusion of the part above the surface leads to problems in the process of inevitable shrinkage of the structure.

Some secrets of the procedure

A dowel made of wood, like the metal versions, is focused on connecting 2 logs or beams. That is why there are several secrets on how to properly fix them. Professional assembly of timber for dowels implies:

observance of chess alternation, taking into account the perimeter of the structure;
the optimal distance between them is in the range from 1000 to 1500 mm;
competent combination of openings and bowls of about 300 mm;
coincidence of the degree of humidity of the dowels with the given parameter of the base itself.

The photo shows how to install without errors yourself. Those holes that had to be pre-drilled with a drill are now filled with core buttons. They are necessary for marking on the beam. If there is no such special fragment at hand, you can sharpen it in pencil format. Its diameter must correspond to the prepared hole. They should be fixed directly to the center of the base.

The next step is laying a couple of boards on a perfectly flat and smooth surface. In this case, the parts need to be barely pressed against each other. However, most builders are interested in the question of how to hammer dowels into timber. The spike must be placed as tightly as possible in the groove. There should be no bevels or other defects between the timber and the dowel. This way you don't need to drill anything else. Nagel will do his job with ease.

For this purpose, you can use a marking thicknesser. When the spikes are installed, you need to process the fragments of the boards with glue. This will allow you to connect the workpieces that need to be firmly clamped in the process and then dried.

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Dowels for timber: do-it-yourself manufacturing process

Purpose and features of dowels
Manufacturing guide
Mounting sequence
The use of pins in the construction of houses and baths

As a rule, the construction of any wooden structure is associated with the use of fasteners in the work. They help to create a strong, monolithic structure, independent of the type of structure. Dowels, or dowels, are an integral part of any building. Their quality determines the reliability of the structure. Dowels for timber with your own hands can be made by following a certain technique.

Scheme of interventional connection using a dowel.

Nagel is a small element, but it is impossible to do without this detail. It provides reliable fastening of walls from a bar and a felling. These fasteners were called dowels in ancient times by carpenters from Vyatka. In the XVIII-XX centuries, the construction of huts from timber and logs began to actively develop there. In that era, one could observe the active development of woodworking production, as a result of which a construction boom arose.

At that time, natural wood houses were built using birch spikes. The construction of log cabins in those parts and throughout our country began to be carried out using this particular type of material. Every carpenter knew this.

Purpose and features of dowels

Schemes and sizes of various dowels for angular fastening of a beam.

Wooden pins are specially designed for fastening log walls with pins. They prevent such natural processes in wood as shrinkage, as a result of which the tree changes its original properties, deforms.

The use of such bolts will help to avoid the process of displacement of logs in the wall. Their correct installation will provide the structure with stability, the bars will be located as they were in the initial position.

The most popular are dowels made of hardwood. Birch or oak dowels cannot be broken if they are correct installation. Most often they are given a rounded shape and a size corresponding to 24-25 mm. wooden nails should be even and smooth throughout.

Nagels are a material that helps to hold the wall in a certain position.

Dowel connections

Dowels are used without fail, regardless of whether the building is log or timber. The most widespread are birch thorns.

These wooden bolts cannot be replaced by other components such as nails or self-tapping screws, the use of which will only cause the situation to worsen. In addition, do not use metal-based dowels, which are most often reinforcement. As a result, it is possible to observe the interaction of materials with different degrees of thermal conductivity.

As a result, condensation may appear on the inner surface of the timber, and this is completely unnecessary. In this case, the fittings will begin to rust, and the wood will rot.

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Manufacturing guide

Wooden dowels should be even rounded.

Dowels for timber can be made independently, it is only important to know about some of the nuances. To do this, you need to take birch logs of a given length and split them into many parts, creating blanks square shape. Then manually trim them, giving a rounded shape of a certain diameter.

In the case of a lathe, all elements can be carefully and quickly machined. In addition, as the basis for the spike, you can take obsolete cuttings from shovels. To give them the desired shape, you just need to cut them and make blanks. Round spikes can also be made using a circular saw.

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Mounting sequence

The procedure for working with wooden spikes comes down to the following points: first you need to find the middle on the desired plane and mark the future hole.

Using a drilling machine, you need to make a recess. A spike will be inserted into it. The diameter of the drill should be the same as that of the dowel. Depth - 1.5 timber.
If the fastener is too loose in the hole, it will not be able to perform its function fully. In the case of excessive density and protrusion of the dowel above the surface, problems may arise as a result of the natural shrinkage of the building.
When processing a hole, make sure that the angle of the drill is perpendicular to the base. This will help avoid problems when connecting parts. Nagel connects 2 beams or logs, and this must be done in a checkerboard pattern along the perimeter of the log house wall. In this case, the allowable distance between them will be 1000-1500 mm.
From the combination of bowls and openings, it is necessary to indent 300 mm. During installation, the moisture level of the dowels must match the humidity of the beam itself.
It is necessary to insert core buttons into the resulting hole, designed to mark the hole on another board. In the absence of such a detail, it is quite possible to resort to self-manufacturing. To do this, you need to sharpen the rod in the form of a pencil so that there is a needle in the middle. Insert it into the hole.
Then two boards are laid on a flat surface, slightly pressed against each other. Thus, markings appear on a blank board for drilling a recess for a spike.

The dowel must sit tightly and without bevels in the grooves of the timber, otherwise it will not fulfill its function.

For such purposes, you can use the marking gauge. Here it is important to correctly find the middle of the desired surfaces.

Insert the rod into the holes obtained, process the parts of the boards with glue, connect the blanks and clamp them into the clamp. Then you need to dry the structure.

Make holes for dowels correctly. This connection has its own peculiarity: it cannot be changed at the time of assembly.
A prerequisite is the drilling of recesses strictly perpendicular.
Do not make holes too deep, this can lead to the dowel coming out of the board. They shouldn't be stuck.

Everyone has long known that any wooden building is built using one or another fastener. In many cases, dowels for timber and logs are used. With their help, you can build very strong and reliable structures. There are metal and wooden dowels and pins. You can buy them ready-made or make your own.

Image 1. Diagram of a twist drill.

What are dowels and pins?

Nagel is a fastener element. It is used in wooden construction very widely and provides fastening of walls. This element is also called a dowel. This name came to us from carpenters from Vyatka, where construction from logs and timber began about 300 years ago.

Image 2. Diagram of the location of the dowels in the beam

Then they began to use birch dowels. They were designed to mount wooden walls. Later, metal parts began to be used.

They were cut off from a piece of reinforcing wire. But the most popular dowels are made of wood. For their manufacture, they take mainly birch and oak. When processed, they are given a rounded shape. Their diameter is most often about 25 mm.

Dowels, when properly installed, cannot be broken. They hold a wall made of timber or logs in a predetermined position. Metal parts have different thermal conductivity.

This can cause condensation to form on the wall surface from inside the room. If this happens, then the piece of reinforcement will begin to rust, and the wood will rot from contact with it.

Wooden dowels and their installation

If you wish, you can make dowels out of wood yourself. To do this, you need to take birch logs of a certain length, split them into pieces, trim them to a rounded shape. It's even better to use circular saw, on which to cut square-section bars. You can take cuttings for agricultural tools as blanks for dowels. Another option is to have a lathe. On it you can quickly sharpen the right amount of parts.

The installation procedure is reduced to the following points:

determine the installation location;
make a recess;
install dowel.

On the plane of the beam, you need to mark the middle line.

Image 3. Corner connections timber.

Fasteners will be installed on it. The distance between the fasteners should be approximately 1.5 m. With a large diameter drill, equal to the diameter of the dowel, a hole is drilled with a depth of about 1.5 timber thicknesses (image No. 1). When working, it is necessary to ensure that the drill maintains a perpendicular direction with respect to the beam. The dowel is inserted into the hole and hammered. Its top should sink 2-3 cm into the wood (image No. 2). The next row is connected with the installation of dowels in a checkerboard pattern in relation to the lower crown. From the end of the beam, you need to indent about 300 mm. The moisture content of the fastener and base material must match. A structure cannot do without dowels for timber.

The connection of the bars is made different ways(image #3). Laying is carried out in the main ways:

With the rest.
No remainder.

With the remainder - this is “in okryap”, “in fat tail”, in half a tree. Without a trace - in half a tree with a plug-in or root thorn, "in the paw" with a plug-in thorn. It is better to choose wood that was harvested from December to March. It should be dried for a month natural ventilation. You need to select a finished timber without cracks and chips, without insects (bugs), without a harbinger of rot (cyanosis). There is a prerequisite: the beam must be straight.

Some rules for laying timber

Image 4. Technology for assembling a log house using dowels.

You need to start laying the timber in larger sizes (compared to the walls). A waterproofing of 2 layers of roofing material is mounted on the foundation. It is laid across the lath with a thickness of about 15 mm in increments of 20-25 cm. The length of the laths should be equal to the width of the foundation. The initial crown is placed from a beam with a section of 20x20 cm. It is not necessary to fasten it to the foundation, but it must be leveled. All gaps between the slats, the foundation and the timber are treated with mounting foam.

It is necessary to lay insulation on the laid crown. It can be:

jute cloth;
tow;

Jute in the form of a ribbon is a very convenient material. It is unfolded and placed on the beam from above, securing it with a construction stapler. The material is durable and practical.

Tow is sold in bales. Before use, it must be rolled up and laid a bar. Fastening it is a little worse than jute tape, but tow is much cheaper than jute linen.

In last place among the heaters is moss, which can be found in any swampy place and collected for free. Moss or tow should be laid so that the edges hang over the beam by 15 cm. They will later be used for caulking the walls. Caulk the walls after they shrink.

The next rows are laid from a bar 15x15 cm. Here our dowels are already in use. You can sometimes use metal pieces of reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. Holes are made with a drill to a depth of one and a half thickness of the timber. After drilling all the holes, the upper beam is removed, the dowel is inserted, and the heat insulator is laid.

Then the holes are combined and the upper beam is planted on the dowels. Openings for windows and doors can be left immediately, you can cut them out later. The top 2 rows of bars are not attached. After shrinkage of the log house, they are removed for the flooring of the ceiling. The assembly of the log house is carried out quite quickly (image No. 4).

Thus, you can build a solid house for living. It will stand and delight you for many years. This building does not require special decoration. You should choose wooden dowels.

Dowels are completely environmentally friendly and safe, do not rust or rot. The use of metal options according to the standards is not allowed. Assembly using dowels guarantees uniform shrinkage. They also prevent sagging of the crowns during shrinkage. In addition, such a house will be easy to dismantle and assemble in a new place.

Fastener Benefits:

Inexpensive budget price;
They do not contain resin in their composition, unlike coniferous wood;
The strength of birch wood is comparable to oak;
High fracture toughness;
Completely factory production cycle.

Technology of installation (driving) of dowels in a bar

Dowels are driven into the beam only vertically at a distance of 1-2 meters from each other into pre-drilled holes in the very center of the log. It is important to take into account the fact that the moisture content of the dowels must correspond to the moisture content of the log itself. For a bar with a section of 150x150 and 150x200 mm, it is quite enough to install fasteners with a diameter of 25 mm. A beam with a cross section of 200x300 mm and logs rounded and chopped with an ax with a diameter of 30-32 cm are best fastened in a log house on dowels d. 30 mm round section. The installation of metal and wooden dowels made of coniferous wood (pine, spruce, larch) is not allowed. As conifers with their resin they glue the beam and log connection. And this is a gross violation of building codes and regulations!

Table of technical parameters of used dowels for beams and logs of log cabins made of wood

Sale in Moscow

To buy dowels d.25 or d.30 mm in Moscow (Moscow region), we recommend placing an order or calling. With the wholesale purchase of these fasteners, we have delivery to the regions of the Russian Federation with shipment by transport companies from Moscow. Call!

Purpose and features of dowels

Wooden pins are specially designed for fastening log walls with pins. They prevent such natural processes in wood as shrinkage, as a result of which the tree changes its original properties, deforms.

The most popular are dowels made of hardwood. Birch or oak dowels cannot be broken if properly installed. Most often they are given a rounded shape and a size corresponding to 24-25 mm. Wooden nails should be even and smooth along their entire length.

Nagels are a material that helps to hold the wall in a certain position. Dowels are used without fail, regardless of whether the building is log or timber. The most widespread are birch thorns.

As a result, condensation may appear on the inner surface of the timber, and this is completely unnecessary. In this case, the fittings will begin to rust, and the wood will rot.

Back to index

Manufacturing guide

Wooden dowels should be even rounded.

Dowels for timber can be made independently, it is only important to know about some of the nuances. To do this, you need to take birch logs of a given length and split them into many parts, creating square-shaped blanks. Then manually trim them, giving a rounded shape of a certain diameter.

Back to index

Mounting sequence

The procedure for working with wooden spikes comes down to the following points: first you need to find the middle on the desired plane and mark the future hole.

Using a drilling machine, you need to make a recess. A spike will be inserted into it. The diameter of the drill should be the same as that of the dowel. Depth - 1.5 timber.
If the fastener is too loose in the hole, it will not be able to perform its function fully. In the case of excessive density and protrusion of the dowel above the surface, problems may arise as a result of the natural shrinkage of the building.
When processing a hole, make sure that the angle of the drill is perpendicular to the base. This will help avoid problems when connecting parts. Nagel connects 2 beams or logs, and this must be done in a checkerboard pattern along the perimeter of the log house wall. In this case, the allowable distance between them will be 1000-1500 mm.
From the combination of bowls and openings, it is necessary to indent 300 mm. During installation, the moisture level of the dowels must match the humidity of the beam itself.
It is necessary to insert core buttons into the resulting hole, designed to mark the hole on another board. In the absence of such a detail, it is quite possible to resort to self-production. To do this, you need to sharpen the rod in the form of a pencil so that there is a needle in the middle. Insert it into the hole.
Then two boards are laid on a flat surface, slightly pressed against each other. Thus, markings appear on a blank board for drilling a recess for a spike.

The dowel must sit tightly and without bevels in the grooves of the timber, otherwise it will not fulfill its function.

For such purposes, you can use the marking gauge. Here it is important to correctly find the middle of the desired surfaces.

Insert the rod into the holes obtained, process the parts of the boards with glue, connect the blanks and clamp them into the clamp. Then you need to dry the structure.

Make holes for dowels correctly. This connection has its own peculiarity: it cannot be changed at the time of assembly.
A prerequisite is the drilling of recesses strictly perpendicular.
Do not make holes too deep, this can lead to the dowel coming out of the board. They shouldn't be stuck.