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Cinder block houses 8. Building a house from cinder blocks with your own hands: fast, economical and fun! Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - a step by step diagram

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block is considered quite convenient and fast way construction, but any fact has both positive and negative sides, this is what we will try to figure out. Also consider how to make this construction material on site.

Cinder block house - choose the material

For small buildings, this material is considered the most convenient and practical. In addition, the cheapness of cinder blocks has long been known, this fact becomes even more noticeable if you produce building blocks right in your area. Further, the advantages of this material only continue to pour in, for example, you may not even be a professional bricklayer to successfully build a house from cinder block. At right technology you will also get a “warm” house, because the air cavities will become the best insulator.

But there are also disadvantages to such a material, for example, it is very afraid of water, so you will have to guess the weather and after construction, plaster the walls well, the craftsmen advise making a layer up to 2 cm on one side and the other. Also, this “fear” is reflected in the foundation, or rather, in its isolation and height. To prevent moisture from reaching the blocks, you need to make the foundation higher, and it is even better to provide a plinth, and then make a thorough waterproofing between it and the first row of the wall. It would be desirable to finish the construction before the rainy season, and even put a roof on so that dampness and moisture do not damage the material. Fortunately, speed is a plus for building from cinder blocks.

When buying blocks on the market, you should be able to evaluate their quality and safety. After all, any filler for cement in their manufacture can be taken, sometimes even combustion waste, for example, ash. Such blocks will not be good, it is better to focus on expanded clay, sawdust, crushed stone, brick chips. Feel free to check the strength of the purchased material. You need to drop it, without effort, just lift it a meter and a half and let it go. If it breaks, such a product is not suitable for you, even a crack is considered unacceptable. Only a few chips testify to the required strength.

How to put a cinder block and calculate its amount per house?

The amount of purchased material is considered in several stages, first you determine the parameters of your structure and the thickness of the walls, and then calculate the number of blocks, depending on the geometric parameters of the building elements. First of all, we decide what the walls will be in thickness, this will determine the type of masonry. If the most severe winter is not more than 20 ° C of frost, then 45 cm of the wall is enough, if the temperature drops below, then it is better to make a thickness of 60 cm or more.

Now we look at the parameters of purchased blocks or home-made ones and determine how to lay the cinder block, which will help us most conveniently achieve the planned wall width. These can be the following options: half a stone, one stone, one and a half and two stones. And then comes the most important part - the calculation of the purchased material. You need to calculate the perimeter and multiply by the expected wall thickness. So you get the area that the masonry edge should cover.

The website site masters have prepared a special calculator for you. You can easily calculate the required number of blocks.

For example, you lay out a wall in two stones, the dimensions of which are 200x400 mm, that is, an area of ​​\u200b\u200b0.08 m 2. It is necessary to cover an area of ​​​​12 m (the perimeter of the house) * 0.4 m (wall thickness) \u003d 4.8 m 2. This means that in order to lay out the first row of blocks on the entire perimeter of the house, it will take 4.8 / 0.08 = 60 blocks. Next, estimate the height of one block, the expected height of the walls, and calculate the number of rows. For example, the height of the block is 20 cm, the height of the walls is expected to be 2.5 m, which means that the rows will need 250/20 = 12.5 (round 13). Therefore, in total, about 13 * 60 = 780 blocks will be needed.

This calculation was made roughly, without taking into account openings for windows and doors, but we will keep this figure as the main one in order to have a supply of stone in case of breaks, battles and other unforeseen situations during transportation and construction, besides, we will probably have to cut some blocks.

How to make cinder blocks with your own hands?

As we have already mentioned, you can make cinder blocks with your own hands. For manufacturing, you will need a special form for pouring, water, cement, filler (sand, crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, etc.) and some devices for creating a cavity in the stone, for example, bottles or special blanks. Forms can be made of wood or metal, and it is better if there are a lot of them, because the blocks will have to be dried right in them. The strength of cement is taken at your discretion, the design of your house is closer to you and you know about further loads on the walls, whether it be a roof or floors.

The solution is kneaded, as for pouring, the proportions are approximately as follows: cement-sand-filler 1:3:5. All this is poured into a mold with exposed bottles or blanks in places where cavities are planned. After 5 hours, when the mixture sets a little, the blanks can be removed. Now the resulting form is left to set for 24 hours. Then the blocks are taken out of the molds, and new ones can be poured, and these are stacked to dry for 28 days, until the concrete gains strength, only after that they can be used in building a house.

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - stages of work

The masonry of this stone is somewhat different from the usual brick, however, in some cases, we even win, so let's take a closer look at the process.

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - a step by step diagram

Step 1: Foundation preparation

We have already mentioned that the foundation needs to be high (up to 70 cm above the ground) and well insulated, but it is not necessary to make it super strong, of course, unless you have several floors or reinforced concrete floors. The first stage of your construction should look something like this: a formwork is installed on a high pillow of sand and gravel (about 50 cm), in which reinforcement is placed, and all this is poured with medium or high strength concrete. After a week, the foundation will set, and if you have a basement planned, you can already make it, and the walls can only be started directly after the concrete has completely cured, i.e. after 28 days. Under the base and above it must be high-quality waterproofing.

Step 2: Building the walls

First we set the corners, this guarantees smooth walls in the future. To do this, we put one cinder block from each wall in the corners, level the corner with a building level, and stretch the rope along the perimeter, along which we will lay out the future walls. It remains to take the solution and start laying. The first 3 rows will be the most important, they set the percentage of quality for the entire wall, so apply the level more often, both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical one. Some craftsmen add a plasticizer to the masonry mortar, thereby increasing the strength of the future structure and extending the life of the mortar until it solidifies in order to knead new portions less often.

We do not recommend applying a thick layer of cement between cinder blocks, as you create additional channels for cold, because the working solution does not have such insulating qualities as cinder blocks, so a layer of up to 1.5 cm is enough. Do not fill the cavities in the blocks with cement, this will reduce the thermal insulation, they can then be covered with something warmer, such as slag. During laying, you will need a rubber mallet to tap on the blocks and a trowel to remove excess mortar from the joints. By the way, you will have to build even a one-story building using scaffolding, it is extremely inconvenient to lay blocks from a stepladder, this can degrade the quality of the building.

Step 3: Completion of construction

After the laying of the walls and the complete drying of the elements, it is time for the next floor or roof. There is a question about the severity of the floors or beams of the truss system, if you use something heavier than wood, then the top row of cinder blocks must be strengthened with an iron belt. And again, we are not afraid to repeat ourselves, we should not hesitate with the construction of the roof, we must not allow the existence open walls in the rainy season. Also, do not delay with the exterior and interior decoration, you can even additionally insulate the building from the inside and outside with a thin layer of mineral wool, for example. The main component of success in cinder block construction is to protect the building from the external environment as quickly as possible.



    What was done

    Project: the Innsbruck project was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, a decision was made to relocate the terrace.
    foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was built on a pile-grillage foundation.
    ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete monolithic; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs.
    box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, laying with masonry glue. Windows are made to order, with one-sided lamination, installation on site.
    roof: metal tile.
    exterior finish: walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered, finishing elements made of wood, made on site, based on TK-visualization, painted. Plinth laid out decorative stone.
    interior decoration: decoration was carried out according to the design project, where the combination was taken as the basis decorative plaster with stone and wood. False beams were mounted on the ceilings.
    additionally: a fireplace is installed and finished.

    What was done

    The very case when our Customer and we speak the same language and are inspired by the ECO high-tech style! Designer Ilya came to us with a ready Project of his future home! Our team liked the project - after all, such unusual and stylish solutions are always a professional challenge!
    We prepared estimates for Ilya and developed unique design solutions - all this allowed us to implement this project! Frame house made in our proven Canadian technology with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour! Outside, the house is sheathed with imitation timber. All windows are custom-made and laminated in colors according to the project. Additional accents are placed thanks to the professional coloring of imitation timber and the selection of colors.

    What was done

    What does it cost us to build a house? Indeed, having a team of professionals and knowledge - building a house from scratch is a matter of time! But sometimes the task is more difficult! We have introductory - an existing foundation, or buildings on the site, extensions to existing buildings and much more! For the Matsuev family, it was precisely such a difficult task. They had a foundation from an old burnt house, and a landscaped area around it! The new house had to be erected in a short time on the existing foundation. Dmitry and his family had a desire to build new house in hi-tech style. After careful measurements, a project was made that took into account the old layout, but had a new one. modern form with exciting news! The house has appeared entry group, where you can sit at a table in cozy evenings and a complex but possible exploited roof in our lane. To implement such a roof, we called on our knowledge and modern building materials LVL beams, built-up roofing and much more to help. Now in the summer on such a roof you can arrange an unusual dinner or watch the stars at night! In the decoration, our architect also emphasized the minimalistic and graphic high-tech style. Smooth stucco walls with painted planken details add personality to the wooden beams at the entrance. Inside, the house is finished with imitation timber, which is painted in different colors depending on the purpose of the room! Large windows in the living room kitchen overlooking the plot - created the desired effect of illumination and airiness of the space! The house of the Matsuev family - decorated our photo gallery in the section of country architecture in high-tech style, in the style that bold Customers with excellent taste choose.

    What was done

    Olga and her family have long dreamed of a country house! A reliable, solid home to live in, which will fit perfectly into their difficult narrow lot! With the advent of children, it was decided to realize the dream, children grow up quickly and in own house nature has many possibilities and Fresh air. We, in turn, were happy to work on an individual project at home in classical style from red brick with a bay window! After the first acquaintance with our company in a cozy office, we invited Olga to take a look at our existing construction site: evaluate the order and construction processes, store materials on the site, get acquainted with the construction team, make sure the quality of work. After visiting the facility, Olga decided to work with us! And we were happy to do our favorite work again to make another country dream come true!

    What was done

    Project: changes were made to the San Rafael project and redevelopment was made according to the wishes of the Customer.
    ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete floor slabs; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs
    box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, mortar masonry??? Windows inserted.
    roofing: metal tile
    terrace: rough enclosing elements are made, flooring is done.

    What was done

    Dmitry approached our company with an interesting draft design to calculate the cost. Our experience allows us to perform such calculations according to draft designs with minimal errors, no more than 2%. Having visited our construction sites and received the cost of construction, Dmitry chose us from among many of our colleagues in the shop to complete the project. Our team has begun to implement a difficult and expressive country project with spacious rooms and a garage, large windows and complex architecture. After the delivery of the project, Dmitry chose us as a contractor company, and we, in turn, wanted to do further work on the same high level! Since the object is large, Dmitry proposed a phased cooperation, namely, upon successful completion of the foundation work, we proceeded to the second part of the project - walls + ceilings + roofing. Also important for Dmitry were exact dates construction, in order to speed up the construction process, the team was reinforced by 2 experienced masons.
    The box on a pile-grillage foundation was handed over right on time! The result pleased us and the Customer. All stages of work were coordinated and worked out for Dmitry and his individual project, from which all participants in the process benefited!

    What was done

    Project: The project of our company Inkerman was changed taking into account the wishes of the Customer's family, the house was planted on the site, taking into account the existing situation on the site and the relief
    foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was built on a reinforced pile-grillage foundation.
    ceilings: wooden wooden beams, in places of large spans installation of LVL beams. The basement is insulated with 200mm basalt insulation; interfloor overlap with sound insulation 150mm.
    box: box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, mortar masonry. Windows inserted.
    roofing: installation of metal tiles.
    exterior finish: the facade is insulated with 100 mm basalt facade slabs, the facades are covered with facing bricks; color solution proposed by the architect and agreed with the customer.

    What was done

    The Krutov family decided to build a spacious house for the whole family!
    From the idea to its implementation, Olga and other family members went through several stages! The choice of technology, the long work on the project, the construction of the foundation, the construction of the house with the exterior and then the work on the interior! The frame technology was chosen as energy-saving, prefabricated and high-tech! Why did the Krutovs choose our company? They liked the quality of work at our construction site and the workers who gave a detailed tour! We also worked on the estimate for a long time, combining different variants finishes, comparing their cost. This made it possible to choose best option from a wide variety finishing materials and kits.
    The project was created by an architect friend, but we had to work out the constructive part of it. After that, the most reliable and effective foundation was erected - UWB. Then work began on the box. A frame house with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour and a unique 300 mm roof insulation technology. For exterior finish siding was chosen in a spectacular combination of colors - coffee and cream. The accents are placed thanks to the powerful roof overhangs, interfloor belt and large windows!

    What was done

    When you decide to become a happy owner own house and move to a new home permanent residence, first of all, you think about what the house will be like; what to build it from; how much will it cost and most importantly, WHO will do all this?
    Alexander, came to our company with the desire to move to his own Vacation home. He liked the Avignon project and there was already a strip foundation on the site. After the initial visit to the site, measurements and examination of the foundation, we gave our conclusions and recommendations. Strengthen the foundation, change the project and adapt it to the dimensions of the existing foundation! After agreeing on the cost, it was decided to build in the winter. Alexander received as a gift reinforced concrete floors, one of the leading construction teams and a house according to the project he liked, which stood on the site with exterior decoration by spring! Alexander watched every stage of construction, regularly visiting the construction site and was pleased with the result, and we were satisfied with our work. This is an individually designed Avignon project, implemented in stone technology with external insulation and siding!

    What was done

    Each house is a separate story of creation and implementation! Once we built a house for good people and they recommended us to someone else good man! Rumyantsev Andrey came to our company with a desire to replace the old country house to build a one-story spacious country house with a fireplace for warm family evenings... It was decided to build the house from aerated concrete blocks so that the future country handsome man would please the owner for decades! The customer voiced his wishes for finishing - and we, in turn, brought everything to life. Thanks to the detailed visualization of the project, each element of the exterior decoration is a member of a friendly ensemble! Bavarian masonry, as the final stage of exterior decoration, looks noble and thorough. Without a doubt, such a tandem - aerated concrete and brick can be safely called the best solution in the field of stone housing construction - warm, affordable, beautiful, reliable. Modern technologies we have stepped forward so much that such unique configurations become available in a short time, because we built this project during the winter months. The main thing is to have the necessary knowledge and constantly replenish their stock!

    What was done

    Project: the project of a European company was taken as a basis and was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, a terrace and a patio were proposed, taking into account the cardinal directions on the Customer's site.
    foundation: based on geology and the architect's calculations, the house was built on a pile-grid foundation.
    ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete monolithic; interfloor - wooden on beams with a sound insulation device of 150 mm.
    box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, laying with masonry glue. Windows are made to order with one-sided lamination, installation on site.
    roof: metal tile.
    exterior finish: the walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered. Based on the visualization, facade panels were added under the Tolento stone. The enclosing elements of the terrace, balcony made of wood, made on site, based on the TK-visualization, painted. Roof overhangs are hemmed with spotlights in the color of the roof.

    Vladimir Murashkin,

    The owner of the house "brought to life according to his idea and sketch!"

    House options:

    What was done

    When Customers come to us with bright, modern ideas future home, we light up doubly! After all, to work on a new stylish project it is always interesting and a challenge, how to implement all the bold ideas from a constructive point of view, what materials to use? Vladimir bought a plot with picturesque views of the Oka River! Such a view could not be ignored, so a dizzying terrace (51.1 m2) and a large balcony, focused on beauty, became an indispensable attribute of the future home! Vladimir wanted to relax in nature in wooden house, and it was necessary to build a house in a short time and the ideal solution for such tasks was frame technology construction! If we are different, then in everything! The house was made even more spectacular by the vertical finish with an imitation of durable larch timber, painted in natural shades with an accentuated wood texture. Complement the modern look of the house - windows with lamination! It turned out to be an excellent country house, with zest and at the same time incredibly functional.

    It all started with an individual project found by the Customer's family on a European site. It was with him that she came to our office for the first time. We made preliminary calculations for the project, conducted a tour of the existing construction site, shook hands and the work began to boil! The architect improved and adapted the project to the site and the Customer's family; the foreman "planted" the house on the site. Based on the fact of geological surveys, it was decided to put the house on bored piles. The frame has grown in a few weeks, then the roof, insulation, exterior finish! Behind winter period a house grew on the lot. The customer invited a third-party technical supervisor who monitored the process regardless of our multi-stage control. The color scheme for painting the imitation of timber was chosen by our manager and here we have a bright and cozy dream country house of the Pushkov family!

Cinder blocks were invented almost a hundred years ago. Due to the versatility of use and affordable cost, they have firmly entered the market. They are used everywhere for the construction of residential buildings and objects for various purposes.

During production, a variety of fillers are added to the concrete solution: blast furnace or volcanic slag, gravel screenings, expanded clay, shell rock, ash, sawdust. After pouring, the molds are pressed on a vibrating machine and dried for a long time.

The prefabricated blocks are lightweight and have a low heat transfer coefficient. Large dimensions allow you to create lightweight structures and accelerate the pace of construction. Slag concrete is actively used in the design of low-rise buildings, garages, the arrangement of basements, cellars, the installation of attics, the laying of columnar and strip foundations.

Advantages:

1. Profitability - cheap fillers and low-cost technology imply a minimum consumption of a binder component (cement) without loss of product quality. The cinder block walls of the house do not require heavy expensive foundations.

2. Fire safety - withstand prolonged exposure to open fire and do not collapse from high temperatures.

3. Resistance to natural disasters - houses are able to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, especially if the walls are reinforced with steel reinforcement.

4. Durability - the main material does not shrink and gains strength over time. For a cinder-block house, builders set a service life of up to 100 years.

5. Simple installation - for masonry it is not necessary to involve expensive specialists, you can do the work on your own.

6. Unpretentiousness - storage and transportation of blocks do not require special conditions.

7. Affordable design - many online resources offer free detailed plans and ready-made schemes construction of turnkey houses.

The porous structure facilitates masonry work, increases sound absorption and improves the thermal insulation of the house.

Overview of popular projects

1. House with an attic 10 × 15.

The total area of ​​the cinder block building is 220 m2. Approximately one third of the first floor is occupied by a garage and Technical buildings. On the opposite side of the house there is access to a wide terrace. The spacious living room and kitchen are located nearby, which is very convenient for receiving a large number of guests.

In the center of the attic is a large hall with a full-wall window. The project also includes a bedroom, an office, 2 children's rooms and 2 bathrooms. All rooms are separate, the doors overlook the hall. There are balconies in the office and one nursery.

2. House plan 10x10 with garage.

The location of the attic is provided only above the residential part of the 1st floor. In addition to the garage, there is a narrow hall downstairs, a toilet, small kitchen. The living room has an oven, built-in corner staircase and access to the terrace. Upstairs there are 2 bedrooms and a bathroom.

The house is designed for a small family of 2-3 people.

3. Project of a cinder block house in 2 floors 10 × 10.

The total area of ​​the building is 180 sq.m. The house is divided into many living rooms. It also provides the necessary technical and auxiliary facilities: boiler room, kitchen, wardrobe, 3 bathrooms (one downstairs and 2 upstairs). This is a spacious ergonomic home for a large family.

What determines the cost of building a house?

The final price of building from cinder blocks consists of many factors:

  • The project of the house, taking into account engineering and communication systems. Ordering a plan in an architectural studio starts from 25,000 rubles.
  • Excavation under the base of the house to a depth of 0.7-1 m. A cube of earth costs 400-500 rubles.
  • Monolithic device strip foundation(reinforcement + filling). For a wall with a thickness of 0.4 m, a base width of 0.5 m is required. Material costs are about 8,000 rubles per cubic meter. If you hire a team, then the project estimate should be increased by 10-15%. Laying a turnkey strip foundation costs 17,000-19,000 rubles per cube of concrete work.
  • Filling with crushed stone and sand will cost 600-800 rubles / cubic meter with delivery. At this stage of construction, you can include the arrangement of the basement.
  • Purchase of slag concrete 390×190×190 mm. For laying walls in one block per 1 m2, 12.5 pieces are needed. If double cinder block walls are indicated, then 25 pcs / m2 will be required. The approximate cost of a block is 30-35 rubles plus 8-10% for a fight and marriage.
  • Cement and sand. According to the masonry plan, a cube of mortar is enough for 4.3 m3 of a wall. To do this, you need to buy 6 bags of M400 cement and a cubic meter of sand, which will cost 1800-2000 rubles.

The estimate includes the cost of roofing, ceilings between floors, windows, doors. The general list also includes materials for insulation, interior and exterior decoration. The most expensive part is the heating, sewerage, gas, water and electricity supply.

The final cost is influenced by some nuances:

1. Cinder concrete walls do not withstand the load of concrete floors. Therefore, in the design of the house, it is usually planned to install an armo-belt from longitudinal beams.

2. When building walls, it is necessary to reinforce every second row of blocks with steel bars. This increases the cost of masonry cube by 300-350 rubles.

3. To facilitate and reduce the cost of construction, hollow cinder blocks can be used. Since they have increased fragility, they are only suitable for the construction of 1-2 storey houses, garages or attic installation.

Thus, the approximate price of a turnkey house is about 20,000-25,000 rubles per 1 sq. area meter.

It should be taken into account that the cinder block has a higher thermal conductivity than aerated concrete block, another popular and inexpensive building material. Therefore, in any case, additional wall insulation will be required. In addition, cinder blocks are laid on cement mortar, the thickness of the seam is about 1 cm (for comparison - when laying a gas silicate block, the thickness of the seams is only 2-3 mm). The thickness of the seams also affects whether the house will be “warm” or “cold”. Another minus of the cinder block is its low frost resistance. As a result, the material tends to break down over time under the influence of low temperatures. These points should be taken into account when ordering the construction of a turnkey cinder block house, so that later additional costs for insulation and possible repair did not come as a surprise.

For some customers, the cost and the speed of construction are decisive when choosing a building material. In this regard, the cinder block is optimal: it is inexpensive, and the walls of such material are built in the shortest possible time. Most often, cinder blocks are used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls because of their strength and high bearing capacity. However, they are less durable than gas silicate blocks, which have no less strength, and the cost is not much higher. Therefore, we usually recommend that our customers choose a more modern and reliable building material, since the total cost of building from a cinder block and a gas silicate block will be approximately the same. But in any case, the decision is up to the customer, and we do our best to professionally bring this decision to life.

When you start construction, you want everything to be done as quickly as possible, cheaper and more reliable. All these factors can be satisfied by a house built from cinder block with your own hands. This building material can be made independently. We will consider both the technology of its production and the construction process from marking to roof installation.

Advantages and disadvantages

At some point in time, the cinder block became very popular. This is explained by the fact that the waste material that remained after the smelting of the metal had to be used somewhere. It was decided to use it as a filler for building components. That's how this one came about fake diamond. But then he was distinguished not by the most good qualities, because from an environmental point of view, he had certain shortcomings. It had to be kept on the street for about a year and only after that put into work. Today the situation is a little different and it seems to be the most popular material for the construction of low buildings. His strengths are:

  • Long service life. With the right approach, the stone will last about 100 years.
  • Good thermal insulation. Thanks to the manufacturing method with air chambers, the material perfectly retains heat.
  • High build speed. Due to the large dimensions, the walls can be driven out much faster than from ordinary bricks.
  • Resistant to the development of fungus and mold.
  • The possibility of an individual approach to the size.
  • The material is unloved by rodents and other pests.
  • A house made of such material is easy to repair.

Disadvantages:

  • It absorbs moisture well, which leads to a loss of heat capacity.
  • Poor plaster adhesion to this building block.
  • The impossibility of erecting a building more than 2 floors.
  • The need for rapid construction of the roof. The fact is that the expelled walls cannot be left uncovered for a long time, because this will lead to their rapid destruction.
  • The importance of strict adherence to masonry technology.
  • The need for a high foundation.
  • News construction works important in dry weather.
  • Poor tolerance of building shrinkage. In this case, a split is possible not at the seams, but along the blocks themselves.

If you decide to purchase cinder blocks, then there are a few nuances that you should pay attention to. Well, if it is possible to take measurements with a dosimeter. Thanks to this, you can determine how environmentally friendly the material is. Look at the conditions under which it was stored. It is important that this is not an open space where it is exposed to precipitation. It should not have chips or cracks. Using a tape measure, you need to check its dimensions. Parallel sides must match.

The manufacturing technology is quite simple. To successfully move in this direction, it will be necessary to acquire some equipment, as well as accurately maintain proportions. So, the first step is to design a vibrotamper. For this you will need:

  • sheet metal 3 mm thick;
  • pipe with a diameter of 75–80 mm;
  • Bulgarian;
  • welding machine;
  • roulette;
  • electric motor to create vibration.

The engine can be used from an old washing machine or from a grinder. Large power is not required. The main thing is to correctly place the weight, which will shift the center of gravity.

The sequence of work will be as follows:

  • Blanks are cut out of metal. Two of them are 200×400 mm, the other two are 200×200 mm.
  • They need to be welded together to make a small box.
  • Cut three pieces of pipe 170 mm each. The size is smaller along the length so that the thickness of the bottom wall is at least 30 mm.
  • Cuts are made along the end of the sleeves to a depth of 50 mm. One of the sides is given the appearance of a truncated cone.
  • From the other end, cuts are made to a depth of 50 mm. A strip of metal 400 mm long is placed in them. It connects all three elements together.
  • The ends of the pipes are closed with plugs.
  • This design is placed in a box and fixed to the walls.
  • A side is welded along the upper end of the container to make it more convenient to backfill and ram the solution.
  • Additionally, you can make a mechanism by which the box will rise up. To do this, you can use the profile square pipe. If there is no desire to complicate, then it is enough to weld two handles on the sides of the box.
  • An engine is attached to the large side. To do this, four bolts are welded to the wall so that their location coincides with the holes on the apparatus body. It is pressed with washers and nuts of a suitable diameter.
  • Additionally, a cover is made, which improves the tamping. For it, you need a sheet of metal 195 × 395 mm. It is necessary to make holes in it for pipes (they should be 5 mm larger than the diameter of the sleeves) and cut into two parts along. This must be done so that it calmly sinks and does not rest against the partition that secures the hollows. The parts are interconnected using brackets made of reinforcement. It is also necessary to make a depth limiter, which will exclude its immersion deeper than 5 cm.
  • In order to speed up the work, you can combine several of these containers with each other.
  • Two bolts are welded onto the motor shaft on both sides. This must be done symmetrically. In the future, in order to adjust the frequency and strength of vibrations, it will be enough to screw the required number of nuts.
  • The final touch will be a thorough polishing and painting. This is necessary so that subsequently the solution lags better.

Today on sale there are many options for ready-made machines. If you do not want to waste time and energy, then you can simply buy or rent it.

The key to durable and resistant to various influences blocks is a properly prepared solution. If a compactor is used, it must be sufficiently dry. If it is incorrect to calculate the proportions of water, then after raising the container, it will simply disintegrate. As a filler, you can use ash from burnt coal, broken bricks, small gravel, slag, etc. To give additional resistance to moisture, plasticizers are used. The first mix will look like this:

  • 9:1 ​​- cement and slag, which is well sifted so that there are no extra inclusions;
  • water should be about half of the cement.

Second cooking method:

  • 4:4:1 - industrial granulated slag, crushed stone of small fractions, cement;
  • water is the same ratio as for the first option.

The best consistency can be roughly determined as follows: you need to take the finished solution and squeeze it in your hand. It must keep its shape. If you then throw it on the ground, it should spread. After squeezing it again, it should hold its shape again.

The best place to work would be outdoors. Under such conditions, the mortar will dry and set faster, which will increase productivity. It is desirable that the place is flat. It can be a concrete path or a lining made of sheet metal boards knocked down into shields, etc. The block preparation process will be as follows:

  • The unit is installed in the place from which the calculation will begin.
  • The prepared mixture is poured inside. Its quantity must be greater than the actual capacity.
  • The vibrator motor is turned on for a few seconds. Part of the solution sits down, so you need to add more.
  • The vibrator starts again for a few seconds. Finishing filling is done and the upper end is closed with a lid.
  • Sealing is in progress. If the lid has reached the limiters, then you can raise the container.
  • Full setting takes a period of 4 to 9 days.
  • Finished products can be stored indoors. You need to move them there after a day of drying on the street. If there is a plasticizer in the composition, then after 6 hours.
  • For greater convenience, they can be stacked on top of each other.
  • They will be ready for the construction process in 1-2 months.

Often, partitions are laid out from blocks that are smaller in size. For their manufacture, it will be necessary to make a mold according to a similar principle, as described above, but its dimensions will be 120 × 400 × 200 mm. It is better to use rectangular inserts as void formers. They should be of such dimensions that the walls are at least 3 cm.

Calculation of the number of blocks

Projects must be approached rationally. It makes no sense to be overly economical, because this will affect the quality of the future structure. There is also no reason for being extravagant. This is especially true for the number of blocks. Calculations should begin with the fact that to determine the thickness of the wall. This size is determined by several factors, such as climatic conditions and soil conditions. If the temperature drops too low during the winter period, then it may be necessary to make a wall of 40-60 cm. In other areas, 20 cm will be enough, which will also be insulated with foam or foam. Laying can be done in several ways:

  • Half a stone. This does not mean that the block will need to be cut into two parts. This means that it lies along. That is, in the described case, this is a thickness of 20 cm.
  • In a whole stone. This is the one that lies across, while the wall is 40 cm.
  • One and a half stones. By simple addition, we find out that this is 60 cm.
  • In two stones - 80 cm.

Suppose that a project of a future house with dimensions of 10 × 12 m was chosen, one-story with a wall height of 3 m. First of all, you need to calculate total area walls. To do this, multiply the length by the width. 3 × 10 \u003d 30 m 2, 12 × 3 \u003d 36 m 2, now we double these results and add them up, because there are two identical planes. 30×2+36×2=132 m2. So the end result is 132 m 2. We determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone block - 0.2 × 0.4 \u003d 0.08 m 2. Divide the total area of ​​the walls by the area of ​​the block - 132:0.08=1650. But this figure is valid if the wall is planned in one stone. If in two, then the end result will be 3300 blocks.

These calculations deliberately do not take into account the openings that will be made for windows and doors. This is done in order to have a small margin. While working with the material, there may be rejection, and our surplus compensates for it.

The calculation of the amount of stone for partition walls is carried out in the same way. In fact, the final figure will be the sum of the blocks for the main walls and internal ones.

Foundation laying

As mentioned above, this type of design requires a high . In addition, it must be very durable so that in no case cracks begin to form, which will certainly pass through the entire wall. The work will be carried out in the following order:

  • The area chosen for construction is carefully inspected. It is better to know in advance in which part of the site ground water are at a lower level. She's the one who fits.
  • Everything that clutters it is cleaned up, the grass is mowed to the lowest possible level. This is necessary to assess the overall slope and markup.
  • According to the drawing, landmarks are transferred to the area according to the size of the future building.

  • One peg is driven into each corner.
  • The correct dimensions are checked. In addition to length and width, diagonals are also measured - they must match so that the shape is correct, and not trapezoidal (if this is not provided for by the project).
  • Holders for the reference line are made. This will require 16 wooden blocks of arbitrary size, but at least 90-100 cm long. You will need 8 more small boards. Their length should be 10–15 cm more than the width of the foundation. From the boards a crossbar is made for two bars. You should get a design in the shape of the letter P.
  • Two self-tapping screws are screwed on each crossbar. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the foundation.
  • All elements must be hammered into the ground. It is important to do this at such a level that the screws are at a height of 70 cm above the surface. The order of the supports is two for each corner so that they are opposite each other in pairs.
  • A fishing line or twine is stretched between the elements. It is more convenient to use a fishing line that has bright color. It is not lost against the background of surrounding objects.
  • At this stage, it is once again necessary to check the diagonals between the corners that the stretched thread formed.
  • A trench is being dug. Its depth should be 50 cm below the freezing of the soil.
  • Sand is poured to a height of 25 cm. It is leveled and rammed well. After that, you need to wet it with water and let it dry. If necessary, add a level.
  • Another 25 cm is made of crushed stone. This layer is also well compacted. Ramming is best done with a special electric or gasoline tool.

  • Next, a metal grill is made. For the foundation of the planned height, two or three elements will be required. To work, you need ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 – 12 mm. It is better to assemble the structure on the surface. Its dimensions should be such that it is immersed in concrete 5 cm on each side. That is, the total length and height must be at least 10 cm less than the length and height of the foundation. Several rods are laid out for a total length. The distance between the horizontal components should not exceed 30 cm. If there are no strips of the required length, then you can get from several. In this case, the binding between them should be at least 1 m. Staples are made from smaller rods. Their height should be equal to the size of the planned crate, and the bent elements should be the width of the structure. They are attached to the lined elements every 30-40 cm. Instead of staples, you can make ordinary vertical jumpers. They are fixed to each other with a knitting wire. From above, the same number of longitudinal rods are attached to the inner side as from below.
  • Typically, the height of one such structure is 40–50 cm.
  • Stands are laid out at the bottom of the pit, which will allow the concrete to close the reinforced base from below. For these purposes, bricks or other homogeneous elements can be used. The minimum height is 5 cm.
  • From edged board, knocked down into shields, plywood or other durable material, formwork is made. It must be strong enough to withstand the pressure that the concrete will exert. Be sure to install the jibs, which will be stops from the outside. The distance between the shields must be the same so that the foundation is obtained without sagging.
  • After preparatory work you need to prepare a solution for pouring. In advance, you need to make sure that there is an assistant and a productive concrete mixer, you can use several. This is very important, because it is necessary to provide a good volume. Thanks to this, the design will turn out to be monolithic, and not puff, which will reduce strength. The composition of the mixture will be 3:1:3 - crushed stone, Portland cement, sand. For such purposes, Portland cement is perfect. The fact is that it contains additives of calcium silicate and gypsum. Thanks to this, a quick setting occurs and strength is ensured. Be sure to add a plasticizer, thus the fluidity and filling of voids will be improved, frost resistance will increase, as well as moisture resistance.

  • Periodically, during pouring, it is necessary to treat with a vibrator. So the concrete is better compacted and the structure will subsequently gain maximum strength.
  • During pouring, it is also necessary to try to distribute all the concrete in level. Subsequently, this will help to quickly cope with the pasture of the walls.
  • If the weather is hot enough, then it is necessary to moisten the surface with plenty of water, it would also be good to cover the foundation with a building film or pieces of roofing material.
  • With a high curing rate, the formwork can be removed after a week.
  • It is better to continue further work after a month. It is this period that is necessary for the cement-sand mixture to gain all its strength.

If you decide not to fill in such a high foundation, as described earlier, then you need to take care of the construction of the base. This is a continuation of the foundation, which protrudes above the surface of the earth. It is important to remember that before you start laying it, it is necessary to provide for waterproofing. To do this, a roofing material or bikrost is laid on the foundation. The height of such a structure should reach 70 cm or more. Then a layer of waterproofing is laid on it again, and only after that the construction of walls begins.

When building walls, the main task is to make them even, without protrusions. The first step on the way to such a result is to determine the highest corner of the foundation. The fact is that during pouring it is difficult to deduce the ideal value. This measurement is made using a water level. In advance, you need to make sure that its length is enough for the length of the foundation.

  • An arbitrary angle is selected. One flask of the device is installed on it. The other part moves to different ends. Thanks to the difference in the position of the water, you can determine where the highest point is. Laying and leveling should start from here. It is very important to do this, because if you start the construction from the lowest point, you will have to subsequently cut the stones. If this is done with the highest, it will simply be enough to make the seam a little larger.
  • Having set the starting point, you can do the same for the remaining corners. This will require the same hydraulic level. The task will be to place 4 more stones so that they coincide with the reference in all planes. Additionally, you can check the diagonals.

  • A fishing line or twine is stretched along the outer edge of the wall. It will help to make the wall flat in the horizontal plane. It is necessary to raise it to the height of one row and, after each new one, rearrange it to the same level. During operation, it is necessary to ensure that the landmark is not pressed or touched by anything, otherwise it will not be of any use.
  • To maintain the verticality of the wall, you can use several tools. For example, after laying each row, check the plane with building level. An ordinary plumb line will also serve as a guide. If there is no desire to mess with such devices, then you can build stationary reference points. To do this, they dig into the ground metal pipes that fit close to the wall. They are exposed in planes and fixed. Thanks to them, it will be possible to control the process.
  • The solution has good thermal conductivity, so there can be significant heat loss due to it. To reduce this value, it will be enough to control its layer. It is better if it does not exceed 1.5 cm.

  • If you do not have much experience in masonry, then add a special plasticizer to the cement-sand mixture, which will slow down its setting. This will help to calmly expose each element without having to redo it later.
  • Do not try to close the cavities in the stone with a solution, this will only worsen its properties. If desired, they can be filled with loose insulation.
  • Every 3-5 rows it is necessary to invest metal mesh. It will increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

During the laying of the last few rows, you must not forget to wall up the studs. It will be good if you can bend them and bandage them with the seam of one of the rows. They should protrude above the surface to a distance exceeding the height of the Mauerlat beam by 4 cm. The step can be kept at 1 m or less. Rolled wire can be used instead of studs. Another option would be to fill the armored belt with the installation of studs in it.

Roof

The installation of the rafter system and the laying of the flooring should be started as soon as possible after the end of the pasture of the walls. Before choosing the desired shape of the future roof, it is necessary to analyze the maximum amount of precipitation that can fall, what gusts of wind are. You also need to consider what buildings or trees are nearby. Usually all data can be obtained from the relevant services. This information will affect which angle will need to be observed.

If the area is famous for the presence of strong gusts of wind, then the slope of the roof must be maintained in the region of 15-20 °. Even with sufficiently strong snow drifts, the layer will not remain, it will simply inflate. In the case when the area is quiet, but there is a lot of precipitation, then optimal solution there will be a spread of 35‒40°. With such a slope, the snow will not be able to linger in large layers.

Looks great on private homes gable roof or all sorts of variations of multi-slope. We will consider an example of the construction of the first option. If the principle is well understood, then you can move on to more complex designs.

  • Installation begins with the installation of the base - Mauerlat. They can tie the longitudinal walls on which the rafters will rest. Or install it around the entire perimeter, which will facilitate the construction of the pediment if it is wooden, not brick. To do this, you need a bar with a section from 50 × 150 mm to 200 × 200 mm. It should be placed in the middle or no closer than 5 cm to the edge. A layer of waterproofing must be laid under it, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture and rotting of the wood. Holes are drilled at the locations of the studs. Boards are fixed with nuts and washers or knots when using wire.
  • At its core rafter system is a constructor that includes a large number of details. In shape, it resembles the letter A. In this case, the beams act to break, that is, the force is applied in such a way that the walls are under constant stress. This option is not very good for a cinder block house, so it is advisable to use additional connecting elements. They are racks and beds.
  • The first step is to install the ceiling beams. After that, the entire area can be covered with a film to rainwater did not enter the building.
  • Next, the beds are laid on which the racks will rest. They should run parallel to the Mauerlat. The distance between them will depend on how the attic space will be used. You can make them from the same timber as the base.

  • Rafter legs are interconnected with nails or nail plates. In some cases, additional metal staples are used. If they need to be lengthened, then it is better to overlap, it should be about 1 m.
  • Rigels can be two or more. It is important to remember that the distance between them should be no more than 50 cm.
  • The trusses must be the same size to support the plane of the roof. You can collect them both on the building and below. In most cases, the second option is safer and more reliable.
  • Two finished elements rise up. They are installed at the ends of the roof and fixed with temporary struts.
  • Three strings are stretched between them. One goes along the upper corner, the other two - from the middle of each side. They will serve as guidelines for how the next trusses will be mounted. Instead of fishing line, you can use a ridge board. It is important to put it on temporary supports and check that it is level in the plane.
  • All other farms are installed. In order for them not to move, jumpers are mounted, which will then be removed. The step between the rafter legs must be observed one that will contribute to easy installation insulation.
  • The entire area from above is tightened with a hydrobarrier membrane.
  • What material should be used for the crate is usually indicated in the recommendations for the flooring that is planned to be used.
  • The last step is to insulate the roof. This is usually done with mineral wool. This is a very important stage, because it will reduce heat loss and reduce the cost of different kinds fuel.

It is better to close the gables as soon as possible. This must be done so that the wind does not blow precipitation inward. So moisture will not accumulate and destroy the building material.

Interior and exterior decoration

It is advisable not to leave the walls bare for a long period. Their finishing can be carried out in parallel with roofing works. For the outside, the ideal solution would be insulation with foam. It is fastened with the help of special dowels-umbrellas. It's better to start from the bottom. First of all, a metal starting bar is mounted. In its role can be a profile for drywall. It needs to be leveled, which will simplify the task in the future. A hole is drilled through the insulation sheet using a perforator in the wall. Glue is applied to the back of the insulation; ordinary polyurethane foam with low expansion can act as its role. Each element should fit snugly against the previous one. During installation, it is advisable to check the evenness of the surface with a level. After that, the entire surface is covered with glue intended for this purpose. Together with its application, a reinforcing mesh is laid, which will prevent the appearance of dents from impacts. The final layer will be a decorative finish. It can be bark beetle or embossed plaster.

The house can be sheathed with siding. In this case, mineral wool can also be used for insulation. A product with a high density is suitable, for example, foam. First, the crate is mounted under the cladding. After that, a heater is inserted into the space between the beams. You can fix it to the wall in the same way as the foam.

As noted above, for interior decoration it will be almost impossible to use plaster. But this is not a problem, because you can sheathe the rooms with drywall. This will compensate for any irregularities, as well as apply the desired finishing. It is important to take care of the vapor barrier so that moisture does not seep into the cinder block.

It will take a sufficient amount of time to complete all these works. But with good organization and planning, you can meet acceptable deadlines. It is always interesting to look at finished projects. Share your observations and suggestions in the comments to this article.

Video

In this video you will see how you can make a cinder block at home:

Watch the process of laying the cinder block:

A photo