How to plaster walls with your own hands. How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video instructions and some tips How to plaster walls in a new house
Plastering is a wall finishing process required to level them. This process needed if you want to evenly paste the wallpaper, paint or decorate the surface. Before you plaster the walls yourself, you need to prepare necessary materials, instruments. It is important to strictly adhere to the rules and follow the recommended algorithm of actions. Find out the best way to plaster walls and how to prepare the surface before you plaster it.
Ways to level walls
Before finishing the walls, you need to find out the degree of their unevenness. If the surface is not perfectly smooth, then any finish will lie unevenly.
Plastering is a wall finishing process required to level them.
The most accurate device for determining the evenness of the walls is a plumb line. You need to use it like this:
- Drive a nail into the wall at a level of approximately 30 centimeters from the ceiling, 20 from the floor. The head of the nail forms a gap of 25 millimeters.
- Tie a plumb line, nail a nail on it in the same way. Repeat the procedure on the other side of the wall to be tested.
- To check the middle, the cord is tied to the nail located at the top and to the bottom.
A laser level is also used to detect irregularities. With a perfectly flat surface, the rope should not touch the wall (the gap is at least 5 millimeters). E If there are irregularities, leveling methods using plastering are used:
- on a plane, using the rule (beacons are not needed);
- with the help of beacons (special profiles designed for smooth plastering);
- on a reinforced mesh (superimposed directly on the leveled wall).
Plastering with the rule is used if the surface is sufficiently even, requires minor correction. Alignment with beacons is necessary if the wall has significant irregularities or other defects.
Plastering with a rule is used if the surface is sufficiently even, requires minor correction What is the best way to plaster walls?
The most common mixtures:
- plaster;
- cement-lime.
Each of the mixtures has its own characteristics. This determines which plaster is better to plaster the walls in a particular case.
Gypsum plaster densely lays down on walls, creates a smooth basis for further finishing. It is not subject to shrinkage, has a high plasticity, a high level of adhesion. Provides additional sound and thermal insulation, allows the walls to breathe. The only negative is that it is applied in a layer no thicker than 5 centimeters.
The answer to the question: "Which plaster is better to plaster the walls?" depends on the location of the surface. Cement-sand mixture is used for building facades. It is heavy and cold, it is desirable to use it in rooms with high humidity. For convenience, a metal mesh is pre-attached to the surface of the facade. This is especially true for walls made of silicate bricks.
Cement mortar for wall plaster Cement-lime mixture is often used for plastering walls country houses. It is warm, like gypsum. It is optimal to use it in areas where there is enough space for storage, installation of a concrete mixer. An important advantage: cement-lime mixtures have a low price compared to gypsum. The disadvantage of such plaster is low strength.
To effectively level the wall with plaster, an uneven surface is pre-marked. The purpose of installing beacons is to bring them into one plane. For this, the basic rules will come in handy:
- the best tool for installing beacons is a laser plane builder (it sets both planes at once, which simplifies the installation of beacons);
- beacon profiles are installed vertically (the optimal step is 1000 - 1200 centimeters);
- the distance from the corners of the room to the lighthouse is up to 500 millimeters;
- beacons can also be installed horizontally (more time-consuming method).
Properly installed profiles - beacons build a flat vertical plane.
Pulling plaster over lighthouses It is necessary to start installing beacons from the corners, using a square for accuracy. Lighthouses are attached to the mortar with which the walls will be plastered. Next, the distance between the beacons is filled with a solution, it must dry completely. The same work is done with finishing plaster, and after complete drying, the beacons are removed from the walls.
Beacon profiles - types
Metal beacons are thin profiles made of galvanized metal. They are pre-drilled with holes for fasteners. Lighthouses act as limiters.
Plastic profiles are an alternative to metal ones. They are also attached to the wall with screws. The only drawback is the fragility of the structure (it collapses when strong blows rule).
Temporary gypsum beacons are a practical option. No need to ditch the wall to install them, then close up the holes. They are plaster strips. Their installation is as follows:
- Attach the screws to the wall to be plastered, align (optimally using a laser level).
- A metal profile is temporarily superimposed on the screw heads.
- Holding the profile with one hand, a gypsum solution is applied under the metal strip.
Unnecessary gypsum is removed, then the profile is removed. The resulting gypsum strips serve as guidelines.
Beacons for wall plastering Required Tools and Consumables
To carry out the work you need to prepare:
- plaster mixture;
- primer (for concrete surfaces or acrylic);
- beacon profiles (size from 3 to 10 millimeters);
- perforator;
- dowel;
- screws;
- bubble level;
- cross screwdriver;
- grinder;
- plumb;
- a hammer;
- aluminum rule;
- metal spatula;
- bath and roller for primer.
Take gloves to protect your hands.
Aluminum rule, double grip, 2 stiffeners Plastering process
Before plastering walls, you will need to carefully study the rules for plastering walls:
- work is carried out at a temperature of +5 - +30 degrees;
- be sure to follow the manufacturer's recommendations in the manufacture of the mixture;
- tools after each use are cleaned, washed;
- when applying plaster in several layers, each subsequent one must be dried;
- when plastering internal walls, work is carried out in the direction from top to bottom.
It is necessary to plaster the partitions, the wall, strictly following the sequence of actions. How to plaster vertical surfaces:
- Mark the walls, install beacon profiles.
- Fix the beacons on the plane.
- Apply plaster, drying each layer.
- Make plaster grout.
Finishing is carried out after complete drying of the solution.
Need to fix the beacons on the wall Wall marking, priming and installation of beacons
Work sequence:
- Examine the walls with a level, identify the degree of unevenness. Found - mark with a marker.
- Make a preliminary markup for the beacons. First, mark a place for beacons in the corners and from the side doorways.
- The markup must be done with the expectation that for plastering the rule is 130 - 160 centimeters.
- Draw a line near doorway. Stepping back 160 centimeters, draw the second. The distance to the next line is 2.3 meters, it must be divided in half.
- Returning to the side lines, step back from the floor by 15 centimeters. Make holes, hammer in dowels with self-tapping screws. Stretch a cord horizontally between them.
- Step back from the driven dowels 245 centimeters, repeat the procedure. The result should be 2 parallel stretched cords. In places where the cords cross the markup, make marks with a marker. Holes are drilled through them, dowels are driven in without self-tapping screws.
The result is 2 rows of holes with self-tapping screws. Remove the corners, it is recommended to leave the dowels. The next step is the primer. It is necessary for better adhesion, removal of moisture from the surface. When leveling smooth surfaces, it is rational to apply mixtures of the Betonkontakt type. Absorbent, porous top coat with a high penetration primer.
After drying, the marking of the wall continues:
- Tighten 2 outer and 4 upper screws. Attach a rule to the hats, check on the upper self-tapping screw.
- Make sure that future beacons do not stick out. Pull the cord diagonally over the hats. Adjust the screws to the center.
- Same for the bottom row.
Each level will have 8 screws.
Priming walls before plastering Fastening beacons
The algorithm for fastening beacon profiles is the same for all types:
- Trim the beacons just below the dowels.
- Prepare a small amount of plaster mixture. The consistency is thicker than cottage cheese.
- Apply a layer of plaster above the screws.
- Press each beacon into the mixture using the rule. Align with a plumb line. Pull the screws out of the wall.
Applying plaster - technology
There is a simple algorithm for how to properly plaster walls:
- Solution preparation. Pour the dry mixture into 1/3 of the water, mix with a mixer. This action is performed strictly according to the instructions. On each package of the mixture it is written how to prepare a solution for plastering walls.
- Liquid-absorbing walls must be moistened. This will prevent cracking in the future.
- The professional way to apply the mortar on the wall is to throw it on the surface with a spatula.
- Alignment is carried out in the direction from the ceiling to the floor, starting from the lower border of the beacons.
Application plaster mortar on the wall If bubbles and bumps form, they are removed. The solution is again thrown onto the site, leveled. Repeat to the top of the beacons. Near doorways and windows, plaster is applied with an overlap. Lighthouses are removed, gates are closed up. Dried plaster should not fall off when pressed. Before quickly plastering, the beginner needs to prepare the tools and mixture in advance.
Grouting plaster
The last stage is the grouting of the applied plaster, which is carried out until the solution is completely dry:
- The plaster is diluted in small portions. A surface area of 1 m2 is moistened.
- The solution is applied to the malka, after which it is smeared with a thin layer over the surface. Holding the tool at an angle of 45◦, level the area.
- It is necessary to smooth the area until the mixture stops accumulating on the bevel.
The procedure is repeated with the entire surface of the wall. It is recommended to work without breaks. The exception is the preparation of a fresh portion of the mixture.
Facade plastering
For plastering the facade, it is optimal to use a sand-cement mixture, with a substrate of metal mesh. The algorithm for carrying out work is the same as for internal walls. The most important condition is temperature regime and dry weather. Work is carried out only at temperatures higher than 0 degrees.
For independent and correct plastering walls, the material from which it is made is taken into account inner wall or facade of a building. This depends on the choice of solution. To save time, you can use ready-made plaster mixture. The durability of the finished coating directly depends on the quality of the primer and mortar.
Do not neglect the information on the product packaging, because it indicates how to prepare a solution for plastering walls, at what temperature it is possible to plaster, as well as the sequence of work using cement density m500
Based on our article, you will eventually be able to perform various innovative and design solutions. For example, decorative will look great in the hallway or in the kitchen. Before decorating a large surface, practice on small volumes. Cement-sand mixture for plaster creates a beautiful surface.
Plastering walls is a complex, time-consuming process. But with strict observance of technology, even an inexperienced person will cope with it.
Reviews about us
Kyiv City
Very friendly punctual and responsible guys. They suggested how best to do it, and what materials to buy based on their experience. They work neatly, they do very high quality, there is something to compare with.
The Let's Do-Repair company is really a pro.
Kyiv City
I contacted them because I needed repairs before selling the apartment. The apartment was inherited from my grandmother, and repairs were done in it a very long time ago. After the arrival of the measurer, I was advised to make cosmetic repairs so that they would later give a good price for the apartment. In general, everything was done as I wanted and not at all expensive. Thank you very much.
Kyiv City
Ordered apartment renovation (three rooms, kitchen, bathroom). The work was completed even a couple of days ahead of schedule. In the process of buying building materials assistance was provided in choosing based on the requirements: price-quality. Adequate craftsmen brought all our ideas to life. I was very pleased with the efficiency and quality of work performed.
*according to the results of an independent survey conducted in 2017-2019
All human labor requires physical strength, waste of time, nerves, financial costs. This rule does not bypass the construction industry, namely, the plastering of walls, which will be discussed later.
Plastering walls with your own hands is not unrealistic complex process, everyone can learn it, you just need to prepare yourself psychologically. It has been proven that plaster directly affects the improvement of sanitary and hygienic standards, heat and sound insulation, protects the room from atmospheric influences (snow, rain, heat, wind), and also increases fire resistance, which adds a huge plus to such laborious work.
What tools will be needed when plastering walls:
Preparing the room for plastering
It’s great when we plaster an empty room, but often repairs have to be done in living rooms that need to be prepared. We must take out all possible furniture, what is hard to transport - we shift it to the center of the room, cover it with either plastic films or newspapers. Take care of the wiring, it is better to isolate it.
Having freed the room, we proceed directly to preparing the surface for plastering. First you need to decide on the choice of application method, as you know, they are of two types:
- "wet" - traditional, involves the application of mortars (cement, gypsum, clay);
- “dry” - in part, it is not plaster, but rather wall cladding using various building materials, for example, drywall sheets, etc.
The next step is to avoid defects in plastering, here you need to have a little information that contributes to success, which is:
- Use of solutions of normal fat content.
- Do not allow lumps of lime to enter the solution (lime must be well quenched) - this will lead to bumps on the plastered surface.
- Do not apply the mixture on a very dry, dusty, or dirty wall.
- It is not desirable to apply the next layer of plaster on the previous batch that has not set.
- It is better to take river sand, not coarse-grained, in order to avoid surface roughness.
Having learned the little subtleties, we proceed to clean the ceiling and walls. Accordingly, we remove the whitewash, the assistant will act hot water and an ordinary spatula, scraper, hammer. We turn to the old wallpaper, using the previous inventory to help: we moisten it abundantly warm water the surface itself and after, remove the remnants of paper with a steel brush, scraper.
The prepared surface may not turn out to be perfectly flat, having many small nuances that will ultimately affect the result of the work on the negative side, they must be eliminated. It is necessary to carefully examine the walls, ceiling. All detected cracks, chips, other obvious flaws, without putting it off, clean it of dirt, wet it well with water using a brush (sponge) and seal it with a new mixture.
Upon careful examination, the possible detection of so-called dutik, which must be eliminated. Therefore, the surface moistened with water is cleaned, then the cleared area is plastered with lime mortar. If the plaster peels off, then that piece should also be removed, the surface washed, and plastered.
Materials for applying plaster
An important factor influencing plastering work will be the material from which the walls are made. There are brick, concrete, wooden and other walls that require a variety of cleaning methods, taking into account individual qualities.
Preparing the surface of brick walls for plastering
Initially, we get rid of the old plaster, if any. To make it lag better, we moisten it several times with a damp sponge. We remove the plaster layer, here a spatula and a hammer can help: we tap the necessary areas with a hammer, we pick up the cracks that have appeared with a spatula. Then we pass the surface with a brush (iron) or use a grinder of the desired nozzle.
The final stage of preparation is the application of a primer, always in two layers. As soon as the first one dries completely, we cover the walls a second time.
Preparing concrete block walls
Concrete walls are better cleaned than the previous ones, because the plaster keeps much worse there. Here cleaning will be only two stages:
- We soak the whitewash abundantly, using a sponge, then comb it with a brush (iron). Then we wash the surface well. You can use a paste with which to cover the wall with a thick layer, after drying, comb off unnecessary material.
- The second stage is the application of notches (shallow), which guarantees the best result. Some builders replace the notches (after all, the work is not easy) with a simple, not tricky way of priming the walls, the well-known composition deep penetration(with the addition of sand). True, this method may not always work, so it is better to play it safe by processing a small area.
The next step is important enough. For the "iron grip" of the plaster with the surface, we deepen the seams between the bricks by 5-7 mm. Again, it is advisable to clean the wall, only this time using a soft brush, followed by a damp washcloth.
Preparation of wooden walls for plaster
Everything is simple with the preparation for plastering wooden walls, one has only to tap the wall with a hammer, as the previous mixture itself flies to the floor. To avoid excess debris, dirt, pre-lay plastic wrap under your feet.
There are small nuances, they should be taken into account when plastering wooden walls, which are as follows:
- the mortar used is firmly held, having previously stuffed slats on the wooden wall, called shingles (they are stuffed diagonally with nails);
- before stuffing the crate and after, it is recommended to treat the wall with a wood preservative to protect it from mold and harmful insects;
- the wall is well dried - feel free to proceed to the next steps.
Exposure of lighthouses
Having previously prepared the existing surfaces, we proceed to the placement of beacons, which are an integral part of the plastering of the walls, applying own forces. As a result, do-it-yourself plastering of the walls along the lighthouses contributes to the even application of the mixtures used.
To set up the beacons, we need a dowel-nail (self-tapping screw), hammered along the edges of the wall from above and below, opposite each other. After that, we proceed to pull the thread or fishing line from edge to edge in a horizontal direction. Further along the entire perimeter of the wall, every 1 m 80 cm, self-tapping screws are hammered (wall from a foam block, gas block) or a dowel-nail (brick, concrete wall), to which the same thread (fishing line) is strictly attached. Using the level and the rule, the level of the wall is determined.
Step number three is throwing in the plaster. Focusing on the stretched threads, we throw the batch available for work with small tubercles, into which we press a special metal beacon.
Solutions for plastering walls
Now that the surface has been prepared and the beacons have been set up, it is necessary to move on to the most important “culinary masterpiece” that exists at the construction site, the preparation of a “meal” under a low-profile name - mortars for wall plastering.
An excellent and durable result is guaranteed if the plastering takes place in three layers:
- The first, so-called “splash” is the strongest, sour cream-like consistency, which is applied to a surface 5 mm thick (concrete, brick walls) and 9 mm thick (wooden walls). To carry out such a process, you can use a trowel or manually, wearing thick rubber gloves.
- The second layer is referred to as "primer" - the doughy batch is applied with a thickness of no more than 10 mm, with the help of such assistants construction funds, like a wide spatula or trowel, after which it is leveled until a smooth smooth
- The finishing one, which is also the third one, is called "nakryvka". Like the first covering layer, it should resemble a creamy mixture. It is made from fine-grained sand, which is sifted through a construction sieve with cells measuring 1.5x1.5 mm.
Naturally prepared bags of plaster can be purchased at any hardware store, but very often the mixtures are made independently, using cement, lime, gypsum. The most durable is the plaster, which is based on cement. For preparation, three parts of sand take one part of cement (3: 1).
Often other well-known solutions are used:
- lime mixture - 1: 3 is taken, where 3 parts are sand, similarly one is lime;
- cement-lime - includes such proportions 1: 5: 1 (where 1 part includes cement and lime, and 5 parts sand);
- gypsum-lime mixture - one part of dry gypsum (in other words, alabaster), respectively, three parts of a pasty lime mixture.
Methods for applying plaster on walls
Plastering walls with your own hands requires certain skills and ideas about the application technology. The technology for applying plaster to walls includes three main points: the main ones are the conditions under which the solution is applied; the next aspect is the tools used; the application methods play an important role.
As mentioned above, plastering walls for a result that will please and faithfully serve for a certain number of years must go through three stages, in other words, layers for which certain work skills have been developed.
The foundation layer is sprayed. The strength of the plaster depends on the correct application of this initial and very important layer. Throw slides of the initially prepared mixture, using a wooden chip or trowel, from the bottom of the wall to the top. The main thing at this stage is to spray the wall correctly - we stand close to the object and make a sharp wave of the hand, more precisely with a brush, which allows you to “smear” the solution, for better adhesion to the plane. Using the rule, you should level the appeared layer of plaster: having installed it along the guide beacons, pressing on the plaster mixture, pull it up, distributing the batch with these movements.
The next step is to apply the primer, only making sure that the first coat has set perfectly. Plastic due to its properties, we apply the batch for the second stage using a wide spatula (for convenience, you can take a spatula with a medium width spatula from the container, transferring it to a wide one).
If the plaster passes through the lighthouses, then the second layer (primer) should be leveled along the previously recessed slats, by drawing only a rule.
The final stage will be the well-known covering, the thickness of which should add up to about 2 mm. The essence of this layer is to smooth the surface, correct all previous defects. The end result is a perfectly smooth surface. The coating is applied to a wet primer, if it has had time to dry, then it should be moistened with a roller. To achieve the desired smoothest walls, builders often illuminate surfaces with a light bulb so as not to miss a single detail that can distort the result.
withered finishing layer should be rubbed off. Grouting basically goes through two stages, involving roughing and smoothing (finishing) work. Rough grout passes in circles, pay attention, in the opposite direction of the clock with a wooden or plastic grater. The last step is the final sanding of the walls: we use the same grater, only with felt material. Here the movements go from top to bottom (from the ceiling to the floor), then they are replaced by horizontal ones.
A lot of modern firms in the construction industry are keeping up with the times and acquiring machine stations. Machine plaster still has a number of advantages, the most important of which is incredibly smooth snow-white walls that can be immediately pasted over with wallpaper. The speed of plastering is undeniable, financial and labor costs are minimized, as well as significant savings in the materials used.
Do-it-yourself high-quality cement plastering of walls with your own hands depends on many factors, which are the steps explained above, but the most important is a properly prepared batch. The cement mixture at each stage is prepared in different proportions:
- spray - 1: 2.5 - 4, where, respectively, 1 part of cement and 2.5-4 - sand;
- soil - 1: 2 - 3 (cement: sand);
- covering - 1: 2, the components of the proportions are similar to the previous ones.
Do-it-yourself plastering of walls with gypsum plaster is in most cases used as a finishing layer, due to the fine fraction and giving a well-groomed, as well as even appearance.
Sometimes gypsum plaster plays the role of the basis for further wall decoration, without changing the application technology in such cases. But often the initial scope of this mixture is finishing work. It is also a good helper in repairing cracks, chips and leveling significant irregularities and other obvious defects. A significant advantage of gypsum plaster is the ease of application in comparison with cement and, of course, the versatility of use.
Repairing a house is always a personal matter, and it is up to you to decide what and how you will do, whether you yourself or hire specialists, choose cement or some other plaster, set up beacons, or do it without extra costs. Everything is in your hands and the comfort in the house also depends only on you.
With the use of mortars, decorative and protective surfaces are created, walls are leveled. They are used for various reasons, and. The correct use of universal technologies allows us to successfully solve various functional and aesthetic problems. This article talks about how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner. Videos, step-by-step instructions, comments and other materials will help you learn the nuances of professional techniques.
Read in the article
What is plaster: we study general information
The purpose of applying this technique is to create a durable layer that eliminates irregularities and other defects in the original surface.
Homogeneous solid plaster provides good protection from wind and other adverse external influences. It performs full-fledged, improves economic performance during the operation of the property.
Such a tool is more often used for masonry,. However, it is also used for plastering walls. Stir with a trowel, collect and throw the solution onto the wall. With the help of the narrowed part, working operations are performed in the corners, gaps are closed.
The tapered trapezoid shape is well suited for accurately filling the joints with a mixture. In particular, such a tool is used when forming surfaces from sheets. It is also convenient for them to separate the old plaster, remove dirt from the cracks.
This tool is used to work with figured pilasters and other complex elements. The tapered front part of the paddle is well suited for dosing and spreading the solution in hard-to-reach places, on curved surfaces.
This tool got its name from the name of a special technology. decorative finishes. walls are made using plastic mortars. Apply thin layers with careful alignment of the smallest irregularities. For high-quality and fairly fast reproduction of work operations, an ideally smooth large work surface is useful. Rounded corners trowels prevent scratches.
Note! Experienced craftsmen acquire identical blades in several sizes. Large ones are used for stirring and throwing, creating the first plaster coating. Compact tools are used to apply subsequent layers and perform “jewelry” work.
From this photo it is not difficult to understand the principle of working with the tool. It is moved based on beacons to form a flat surface.
This tool removes irregularities from the surface. The photo shows a grater with a replaceable blade.
Apply specialized means mechanization
To perform certain operations, in addition to gloves, you will need a respirator. Other means personal protection. The list of necessary purchases is made after choosing a certain technology, taking into account the characteristics of the property, other important factors.
How to prepare a mortar for wall plaster
- When plastering walls with your own hands using factory mixtures, use the manufacturer's official instructions.
- The created solution should be well fixed on a vertical surface.
- It is necessary to obtain such a consistency that there are no difficulties when smoothing the rule.
- Too dry mixture forms lumps and bumps. With excessive moisture concentration, the solution flows down.
- Be sure to specify the period for which the finished composition must be used in full. In case of insufficient qualification, it is better to prepare a small amount for the working cycle.
If there are no special instructions for creating a solution, the following algorithm of actions is used:
- Prepare a container of the right size. A light plastic bucket is suitable, which is not damaged by a construction mixer, and is quickly cleaned of dirt. Unlike metal counterparts, it does not make loud sounds when in contact with metal working tools.
- First pour clean water. It is not necessary to boil it, but colored impurities and strong odors must be excluded.
- Dry ingredients fall asleep gradually, mixing thoroughly.
- When the lumps are eliminated, leave the solution for 3-4 minutes. Next, the viscosity is checked, water and other components are added in the correct proportions until the desired consistency is obtained.
Note! For standard recipes cement base wall plastering with one batch should be completed in 45-60 minutes. If there is gypsum in the composition, the work will have to be done twice as fast.
The most important stage of finishing work: preparing the walls for plastering
- The base for applying a new layer must be strong, so remove the old, other coatings.
- Check the condition of the walls. Upon detection, they close up cracks, install elements for strengthening the power frame.
- If dampness is detected, eliminate the source of its occurrence. Repair, install high quality.
- Next, it is necessary to prevent the walls from absorbing moisture from the plaster mortar. To do this, use depending on the material of the wall.
- Special formulations improve the adhesive properties of the surface. If mechanical processing is used for this, at the final stage, contaminants are removed from the working area.
How to plaster walls without beacons with your own hands: video and useful tips
This technology is used in basements, technical rooms, in attics and other facilities where it is not necessary to create an ideal surface.
| A photo | How to level walls without beacons: step-by-step instruction with expert commentary |
 | If you do everything right, you can ensure high quality with an economical consumption of the building mixture. It should be noted that such techniques are indispensable when working in cramped conditions, when it is necessary to plaster walls behind pipes and. |
 | Pre-clean the influx of the solution, close up large holes. The brick is old, so the typical solution (wetting with water) will not work. Careful handling required. |
 | The design has corners. They will need to be covered with overlays made of plastic or metal. |
 | To create the first layer, do not apply sketching. Use sequential processing of small areas, rub small doses of the solution into the wall. It is at this stage that all the voids in the masonry can be filled. A wide spatula makes it easier to level the surface. When performing smooth movements, it is not difficult to notice and eliminate depressions and tubercles. |
 | Next, the rule checks the evenness of the wall section, mount the corners. Mark the places (recesses) where it is necessary to remove irregularities. |
 | Start applying the second layer. After fixing the plaster on the wall, the rule is again used to control the surface. They can also have an extra solution. |
 | After 30-40 minutes, a finishing layer is applied. At this stage, small doses of the solution are used, since in fact only corrective actions are needed. On a fairly flat surface, the consumption of material is small. It is especially important here that there are no lumps or foreign bodies in the mixture. In a real situation, the time is set taking into account the characteristics of a particular recipe. |
At the final stage, after hardening, the top layer is treated with a grater. Experienced craftsmen remove small defects with a spatula. When plastering walls with your own hands without beacons, you can save consumables. But here you have to spend more effort and time to get good results. But in some cases, perfect quality is simply not needed.
Video of plastering siten without beacons using gypsum mortar:
What are the differences between do-it-yourself wall plastering on lighthouses: video with professional comments
| A photo | Plastering walls using homemade beacons: step by step instructions |
 | After removing old decorative and insufficiently durable coatings, construction defects are eliminated. Next, a primer is applied with a paint roller. |
 | Mark the location of the beacons in such a way that when performing work operations, the rule is based on two reference lines at the same time. |
 | Marks are made at a distance of 5 cm from each edge of the instrument. If a 250 cm long rule is selected, the distance between the beacons should be 240 cm or slightly less. |
 | Holes are drilled according to the marked marks. Plastic dowels are hammered into them. |
 | Screw in self-tapping screws with wire rings. Similar operations are performed on the other side of the wall. |
 | Wooden pegs are used to accurately set the desired level. The dimensions of these elements and the corresponding position of the string are chosen taking into account the position and geometric features of the wall. |
 | With the help of a bubble level control the vertical. If necessary, change the position of the strings. When suitable pegs are selected, the self-tapping screws are tightened to the stop for strong wire tension. |
 | Mix the solution in accordance with the manufacturer's official recommendations. This procedure does not require the ideal state of the finished mixture, but it is more convenient to work with high-quality consumables, no lumps. |
 | Using a plaster spatula, a solution is applied near the string. Remove excess parts from the surface of the stretched wire. After hardening, small irregularities are removed with a spatula from the surface of the created beacons. |
 | Start mixing the ingredients. Dry ingredients are poured into the water. Next, use a construction mixer. At this stage, a high-quality solution with a uniform structure and optimal density should be created. |
 | Throw in a mixture of trowels (trapezoidal trowel). For preliminary smoothing use a wide spatula. |
 | Next, the rule is applied. They pull the solution to the side. Lighthouses serve as longitudinal supports. Small movements up and down make this operation easier. |
 | Continue plastering the walls in the same way. After completing the treatment of the entire area, it is necessary to withstand 10-15 minutes until the top layer “grabs”. After that, small irregularities are removed with a grater, a wide spatula. |
Watch this lighthouse plastering video for beginners:
Here it is shown how a high-quality flat surface is created using this technology. It can be painted and wallpapered without additional processing after drying.
In this video, do-it-yourself alignment of the wall along the lighthouses is done with preliminary reinforcement:
This technique can be used instead of creating special irregularities. The grid will also provide increased stability layer to mechanical stress.
Additional advice: setting beacons without errors
The drawing of the premises will help to accurately establish the lines for placing vertical beacons.
In the figure, the places of their installation are marked, taking into account the length of the rule. As with the strings, here you need to make the distance smaller than this leveling tool. Leave enough distance to internal corners, other obstacles.
In this figure, the principle of constructing the field is clear. Instead of nails, it is more convenient to use self-tapping screws that are screwed to the desired depth. First, screws are installed at points 1 and 3. A cord is pulled between them and elements 7 and 8 are installed. Verticals (1-2; 3-6-4) and others are controlled using a plumb line. If necessary, change the position of the screws to obtain a clear line.
Diagram (1) shows installation using specialized fasteners. To check the surfaces, bubble (2) and laser (3) tools are used. A stretched string (4) sets the exact level of one line.
Proper selection and use of different materials
In the apartment, it will be possible to find out after a detailed acquaintance with the features of different recipes. It is quite convenient to work with ready-made building mixtures. They are sold dry, so subsequent dilution with water and mixing will be required. The main advantage is a carefully selected composition. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost. At right choice ingredients, you can create a professional-grade solution.
Features of do-it-yourself wall plastering with cement mortar: video and written instructions
The first layer of wall plaster is called "splatter". It is applied with a liquid solution in order to fill the smallest pores and cracks as evenly as possible. When setting occurs (but until completely dry) - apply a second, thicker one. It creates a rough surface. The mixture for the next layer is created from fine sand with the addition of lime. This will increase plasticity. The following table lists the technical parameters and quantities of ingredients. Knowing the proportions, you can change the parameters, taking into account the characteristics of a particular project.
| Ingredients / Layer Options | Wall plaster layer | ||
| First | Second | The third | |
| Cement (M-400), kg | 10 | 25 | 5 |
| Sand, kg | 81,2 | 274 | 81,6 |
| Hydrated lime, kg | 5,6 | 21 | 5,6 |
| Water, l | 16,8 | 53 | 15,4 |
| Layer thickness, mm | 3-4 | 10-15 | 1-3 |
The video shows an example of plastering walls with cement mortar on beacons:
How to plaster walls with gypsum plaster: video, important nuances
When using mixtures on this basis, rapid hardening must be taken into account. It should also be noted a slightly lower resistance to moisture without special additives. In this case, a denser structure without pores is obtained, which worsens the insulating characteristics. However, the surface is smooth. It should be noted that the ease of application different surfaces.
In the accompanying documentation for factory dry mixes indicate:
- Minimum and maximum layer thickness.
- The operating temperature to which the individual parameters correspond.
- Consumption per 1 sq. m.
- The amount of solution that is obtained from one package;
- Time:
- maturation and life of the solution in an open container;
- drying of a layer of a certain thickness;
- set of nominal strength.
- Density and strength of the finished layer.
- Grain.
- Color and shelf life of plaster in its original packaging.
For interior work, you can use homemade plaster with an increased setting time. Create two separate solutions from water and one/three parts of gypsum/lime, respectively. Then they are mixed, used for their intended purpose.
In this video, the master talks about leveling the walls with gypsum plaster:
How to make finishing wall plaster with your own hands: video, the basics of quality work
For high-quality wall plastering, you need to create an ideal flat surface. At the same time, good adhesion is needed for reliable fixation of the finishing decorative coating. You can solve this problem using the following recipe:
- For 5 kg of gypsum take 15 kg of chalk (powder). The ingredients are mixed.
- Next, a solution (5%) of wood glue is added to the container.
- The required amount of liquid is determined experimentally by stirring the mixture to a homogeneous mass with the consistency of very thick sour cream.
Important! Without sufficient experience it is better to work with a small amount mortar, as it sets very quickly.
This video shows an example of wall plastering for wallpaper:
How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video and comments on the use of technology on different surfaces
If you find out how, the implementation of new projects and the restoration of old buildings will be simplified. In addition to the features of the materials, weather conditions, as well as the nuances of future operation, should be taken into account. Different technologies are used for interior and exterior decoration.
Cement-based mortars are well suited for plastering brick walls.
Lime is added to them if outdoor work is supposed to be performed. Similar solutions are used for other rooms with high humidity. Plastering brick walls is often preceded by the removal of the old coating. There are many irregularities in such surfaces, so you should count on a relatively large consumption of materials. When creating thick layers, mesh reinforcement is used.
How to plaster brick wall do-it-yourself indoors is described in this video:
Concrete walls: smooth, durable surfaces are not always good
When preparing such coatings, the joints between the plates are carefully sealed. Smooth factory products are characterized by low adhesion, so you will have to use a special tool (bush hammers, perforator nozzles) to create special damage. The necessary adhesion is provided with the use of primers, gypsum is added to the solution. These operations increase the cost of wall plastering. However, it should be noted the high strength of the corresponding building structures, no deformation during operation.
Preparation and quality plastering of wooden walls
Removing old plaster in this case is not difficult. To fix the mortar, a lattice structure of slats is used. Such a base does not provide high strength. The entire building is rapidly collapsing. The only inconvenience is a lot of dust.
Instead of rails, a chain-link net with a wire thickness of 2.5 mm or more is used. The surface freed from external layers is preliminarily cleaned. wooden details treated with drugs that protect against decay.
This video shows how to plaster a wooden wall:
Features of foundation plaster
The corresponding work inside the building does not differ from the work performed in other rooms. In the presence of high humidity apply an extra layer. But better protection from water, install outside to prevent damage to building structures.
Note! Pay attention to fiberglass. This material provides the necessary reinforcement strength, but is not damaged by corrosion processes, like metal products.
With the help of this video, you can quickly figure out how to plaster houses with your own hands:
No matter how accurate the theoretical knowledge is, in this case practical experience is needed. In order not to waste time and money on correcting deficiencies, it is better to practice in advance in small areas. Separate experiments are performed before plastering the walls with their own hands on new (complex in shape) surfaces.
All the above mixtures belong to a number of thin-layer plasters. Despite all their wonderful qualities, people often use cement and gypsum plasters. You can buy them ready-made or knead them yourself at home.
Cement-sand mortar is the most affordable. But the most important advantage of the cement mixture is its high strength. This plaster is used to level any surfaces, even with large defects. To the minus cement mortar is of low plasticity.
In this case, a plasticizer is mixed into the finished plaster. And the solution must be applied within 40-60 minutes after its preparation.
Lime plaster has several subspecies. All of them are endowed with not bad plasticity, however, they are seriously inferior to cement mixtures in terms of strength.
Gypsum plaster has many advantages that make it easy to work with. The material, which is based on gypsum, is very plastic, so it is convenient for them to process the surface. The solution has the ability to quickly solidify, so it must be prepared in small batches and used immediately. With this mixture, you can create a perfectly smooth wall.
Tools for the job
- Container for mixing the mixture;
- Profile for installing beacons;
- Trowel;
- Iron spatula;
- Grater and trowel;
- Putty knife;
- Rules;
- Plumb and level;
.jpg)
After we have prepared everything necessary tools, you can start working. Before plastering a wall, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work in room. In order not to cause any damage to the furniture and objects in the room, you need to do some operations. Take out small things, and place pieces of furniture in the middle of the room and cover them with a cloth or film.
Surface preparation
First of all, it is necessary to clean the walls of the old coating. If this is wallpaper, then they need to be wetted with water, and then removed. Particularly difficult parts are removed with sharp tools. Paint or old plaster should also be removed. Otherwise, a fresh layer of mortar may either not adhere to such a surface, or move away from the wall over time.
To test the old layer for strength, it is tapped with some heavy object. If a ringing sound is heard, then this part of the wall needs to be cleaned. With a deaf sound, a surface area can be left, since the plaster is held tightly here.
All cracks must be embroidered with a knife or hatchet, and large chips are processed with a grinder. After that, all the cracks and gaps in the wall are filled with a plaster mixture, and in some cases they are also sealed with a special mesh.
It is worth noting that the plaster of various surfaces should have individual characteristics. For example, to cover walls made of stone, brick or concrete with cement plaster, you first need to make a beating. It is done with an ax or a chisel. Moreover, the depth of the recesses should be about 1 cm. This allows the solution to reliably adhere to the surface.
.jpg)
Proper plastering of wooden walls also has its own characteristics. Before you start applying the plaster mixture to a wooden surface, shingles are placed on it in the shape of a grid. Some builders use a special metal mesh for this purpose.
Primer
After carrying out the above work, the area must be thoroughly cleaned of all kinds of dirt. Experts recommend priming the surface before plastering. Some masters sometimes skip this important stage of preparation, using just water.
However, the primer is able to soak deep into the material to which the mixture will be applied. At the same time, it significantly increases the ability of the solution to adhere to the surface, and also protects it from moisture penetration. Today on the market you can find a primer for any type of material. For wooden surfaces there is an antiseptic impregnation.
.jpg)
Installation of beacons
After priming, some surfaces that do not have severe flaws can begin to be plastered. However, there are walls with obvious deviations. In this case, you need to install beacons. Experts advise not to neglect this process. Otherwise, some problems may occur.
A beacon is a device, thanks to which it is possible to create a flat surface. There are several types of lighthouses: wooden slats, metal profile, the use of the solution itself, etc. Beginners are not advised to use wooden slats. Despite the low cost of rails, working with them requires experience. Otherwise, they will not give good quality.
The metal beacon is only used once. After it is removed from the wall, it becomes unsuitable for further use. However, the work is done quickly and efficiently with this profile.
.jpg)
Professionals recommend that private traders who make repairs on their own, be sure to use beacons. Especially this method of plastering is suitable for processing small areas. In this case, the quality of work will be provided to you.
Plastering process
The plaster is applied to the surface at least 3 layers in succession.
1 layer - spray
2 layer - soil.
3 layer - covering.
If you use a ready-made mixture, be sure to first read the instructions on how to properly lay the plaster. The first layer of mortar is applied to the wall with a trowel. Try to make the movement of the hand sharp, then the mixture will successfully stick to the surface and not scatter around.
The second layer (primer) is applied to the wall using a wide spatula. This layer is carried out 1-3 times, depending on the desired thickness. So, the surface of the porous material must be primed twice. The plaster is equal to the lighthouses using the rule. We do not let the primer dry completely, and immediately apply the third layer - the covering.
.jpg)
Now you can remove the beacons and start finishing the walls - grouting. This part of the work is done with a grater (sponge or felt). Please note that gypsum plaster must be smoothed out no later than 3 hours after it has been applied.
The painting of the surface is started after 14 days in the case of gypsum plaster. But cement-lime plaster can be painted only after one month.
How and with what to plaster the walls?
When carrying out activities for overhaul residential or production premises inevitably there is a need to eliminate irregularities and ensure flatness. Knowing how to plaster walls, you can do the work yourself, while saving financial resources. It is important to choose the right type of mixture, deal with technological subtleties learn how to use the tool. The recommendations given in the material of the article will help to perform the work correctly, ensure the quality of the surface and avoid unforeseen errors.
What kind of plaster is better to plaster the walls
The implementation of finishing activities requires vocational training and needs a qualified selection of materials. It is advisable to entrust the selection of the plaster composition and finishing to specialists. When carrying out activities on your own, it is important to study, before mixing the components and plastering the walls, the better to perform finishing work.
Depending on the specifics of the work, for plastering are used different kinds working mixtures. Consider the types of compositions used:
- sand-cement. It is used when it is necessary to apply plaster in a thick layer on the outer or inner side of buildings. The mixture is made from available ingredients that at an affordable price provide increased reliability of the finish coating. The preparation process is quite simple. It involves mixing Portland cement with river sand, with the gradual introduction of water to the desired consistency. Depending on the brand of cement, its ratio with sand ranges from 1:2 to 1:5. A feature of the cement-sand composition is a long hardening period, due to which the mixture can be prepared in an increased amount. This makes it easier to finish on larger areas. The finished mixture can be purchased in specialized stores, then mixed independently according to the recipe indicated on the package;
- gypsum-lime, as well as gypsum-clay with the addition of lime. They are used to ensure the flatness of wooden walls, as well as to carry out finishing activities from the inside of the premises. The preparation technology involves mixing gypsum and lime in a ratio of 1: 3 with the addition of clay to improve bonding. Gypsum composition is prepared in separate container with water, into which gypsum is quickly poured and thoroughly mixed. It remains to add dissolved lime - the plaster composition is ready. A feature of the gypsum composition is rapid hardening, reduced thermal conductivity, increased adhesion. Disadvantages include susceptibility to increased moisture concentration and the need to prepare small portions due to accelerated curing. Gypsum plaster hardens for 7 days with a layer thickness of up to 5 cm;
The better to plaster the walls depends on the wallet of the owner of the house, as well as on the characteristics of the room in which repairs are required.
- calcareous. Lime-cement is prepared from cement, lime paste and sand in a ratio of 1:2:7. Sand is mixed with dry cement with the introduction of lime "milk" and the addition of water. Clay-lime is prepared by combining lime dough with clay with the gradual introduction of sand. Clay dough in a liquid consistency, lime mortar and sand are mixed in a ratio of 1:3:5. Sand-and-lime plaster involves the addition of 1 to 5 parts of sand to one part of lime. The consistency of the sand-lime mixture should be pasty. The mixture should slightly stick to the working tool. Using plaster compositions based on lime, it is possible to significantly reduce the concentration of moisture in the room, which contributes to the formation of dampness, and also to insulate the walls.
The final decision on the better to plaster the walls when performing finishing measures, the developers make individually, depending on the following factors:
- building material;
- humidity level;
- availability of ingredients;
- financial opportunities;
- deadlines for the implementation of activities;
- assigned tasks.
Each of the presented finishing compositions has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be paid attention to when solving the problem of choice.
Cement-sand mortar. Can be used for leveling interior and exterior surfaces
How to plaster walls - tools and application rules
Every homeowner wants to have high-quality plastered walls after completing the finishing measures in the room. This is achieved by using professional tool technology compliance.
Initially, it is necessary to prepare a tool for performing work:
- a medium-hard steel wire brush used to ensure a clean surface;
- gears resembling a chisel with a toothed working part that facilitates the application of grooves to improve adhesion;
- a falcon, which is a square shield with a handle, which is used as a platform for the plaster composition;
- a spatula designed for mixing the plaster composition and applying it to the surface, followed by rubbing;
- a trowel, which is a platform up to 1 m long with a handle, which facilitates leveling the plaster composition;
- a grater used in finishing operations, facilitating grinding and finishing;
- a rule in the form of a lath made of wood or metal up to 2 m long, designed to ensure the flatness of the applied layer;
- plumb or building level, facilitating the control of work in the horizontal and vertical plane.
Everyone can learn to plaster walls, although it will be more difficult for a beginner than a professional plasterer.
After preparing the tool necessary to perform the work, you should study the technological sequence of operations. The standard finishing technology includes the following steps:
- Preparatory work to ensure the cleanliness of the treated surface and improve adhesion.
- Installation of guides (beacons), which are a guideline when ensuring flatness.
- Application of the plaster composition and pre-finishing, forming a clean surface.
- Removing the guide elements with filling the cavities with cement and preliminary grouting the surface.
- Finishing, which is carried out on a hardening array and is cyclically performed with radius movements.
Each construction object has its own characteristics, according to which the developer determines the feasibility of performing certain stages. Let's dwell on the main technological points.
Getting ready to plaster the walls: how to ensure adhesion
Take measures to prepare the surface for plastering according to the following algorithm:
- Inspect and clean the walls with the obligatory removal of plaster residues, sagging, grease stains, fasteners and dirt.
If you find impressive cracks or any other mechanical damage on the wall, then they must be expanded and then cleaned of existing sand
- Seal cracks in the brick surface and crevices that degrade sound insulation and increase heat loss.
- Treat the work area with a deep penetrating primer that makes it difficult to absorb moisture, providing improved adhesion.
- Perform a three-millimeter notch on a smooth surface with a shock method, using a gear, followed by cleaning the wall and moistening it.
- Stuff on wooden base diagonal crate or chain-link mesh, and, if necessary, reinforce with plastic mesh.
- Prepare the required amount of working composition for plastering works by selecting the appropriate recipe.
After completing the surface preparation, you can start applying the mixture.
Learning to plaster: how to apply the mortar correctly
Carry out the operations for applying the plaster composition, observing the following sequence:
- Check the readiness of the tool and the consistency of the solution.
- Lightly dampen the base until moisture is absorbed.
- Dial a portion of the mixture that fits on the surface of the falcon.
- Take the solution with a plaster spatula, sketch it.