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Building a brick garage. DIY brick garage. Roof installation and sheathing

After the construction of the foundation, the construction of the cellar and the viewing hole in the garage, you can start laying the walls of the garage.

For laying the walls of the garage, you can use red or silicate (white) brick, rubble, monolithic concrete, natural stone, reinforced concrete wall slabs or other materials. Among all this diversity, the most common material for building garage walls is red brick. Brick walls have a number of advantages: strength, fire resistance, etc. Naturally, there are also disadvantages, for example, brick has high thermal conductivity and strong moisture absorption, so such walls have to be insulated and waterproofed.

Solid brick walls of the garage can be built from both hollow, porous and ordinary solid bricks. As with any other brickwork, the lower rows of masonry are preliminarily protected from moisture penetration from the foundation.

First, a thin layer of cement mortar is applied on top of the foundation, on which a rolled waterproofing material, such as roofing material, is laid (its joints must be well overlapped and alternated). Then again there is a thin layer of mortar, along which the laying of the first row of bricks is carried out.

The thickness of the brick walls of the garage can be very different from 0.5 bricks to 2.5 - 3 bricks. The most optimal is laying 1.5 bricks. But, for example, when laying the walls of a garage in 1 brick, you should know that thickenings are made in the wall from time to time: thus, its strength increases.

During the laying of the walls, you can save a little on the device of the gate to the garage (there is no need for a massive hatch for the gate), on the side where you plan to make the gate, two brick pillars with embedded mortgages are placed on which the gate will be hung in the future (example in Fig. . below).

How to determine the required thickness of the walls of the garage? For this you need the value maximum temperature outdoor air during the coldest time of the year and the strength of the wind prevailing in your area. Using long-term calculations, which show that a wall of one brick and a little more than 2 m high successfully resists a wind force of 15-14 m/s.

The wall, 2 bricks thick and 2.5 m high, is already capable of withstanding a hurricane with winds up to 45 m/s for quite a long time. If your garage design calls for more high walls, then it is best to opt for a wall 1.5 bricks thick. Such a wall with a height of 2.35 m is able to withstand wind pressure up to 28 m/s, which corresponds to a storm.

If the value of the maximum winter temperatures in your region does not exceed 20-22 ° C below zero, then a garage wall thickness of 1 brick is sufficient, if lower, then 1.5-2.0 bricks.

We talked in more detail about the methods of laying brick walls and the arrangement of lintels over door and window openings in articles.

The device of the walls of the garage, which has a plinth

As we have repeatedly said, the walls with a basement are reliably protected from moisture and moisture penetration into the lower part of the building.

The wall plinth, as a rule, rises 25–75 cm above the foundation. The wall plinth can be made of brick (only red brick is used for this), rubble stone or rubble concrete. For the construction of the basement of walls made of brick or rubble stone, then the masonry is carried out in the usual way. When using rubble concrete, formwork is first made (boards or slabs can be used), into which rubble concrete is then laid in layers of 20–35 cm.

The highest quality and best option the basement masonry is rubble masonry with simultaneous red brick cladding.

The basement of the walls must have the same width as the strip foundation. Walls and top part the plinth is leveled using the building level.

You also need to take care of. To do this, in the basement (between the floor and the ground) at a height of about 15-20 cm, ventilation windows 10 x 15 cm in size are made, which are closed with a grate in warm weather, and in winter with a wooden cork.

Produced at a time when the concrete strip foundation freezes. Formwork is best assembled from panels made of edged board 40-50 mm thick. It is highly undesirable that there are gaps in the shields. If the shields are made without obvious defects, then the surface of the plinth will turn out to be even and smooth and it will not be necessary to plaster the surface of the plinth.

Since we are building a garage, there is no need to build a high base. After all, we will have to build a road to the entrance to the garage raised on the basement. This will lead to additional labor and financial costs.

Therefore, you need to take care of this in advance: either make the base lower or select soil from the trench and cellar in advance to the place of the proposed entrance to the garage. This will save you a lot of time and effort.

To determine the size of future shields, you can use the following formula:

the distance between the center lines of the base are indicated as - l1 and l2; plinth width - C; thickness of boards for shields - t,

Then the lengths of two pairs of parallel shields on the outside of the surface of the base will be respectively:

L1 = l1 + C + 2t and L3 = l2 + C.

In the same way, you can determine the lengths of the shields for the inner side surface of the base using the following formula:

L3 = l1 - C and L4 = l2 – C – 2t.

Boards should be placed in such a way that their clean and smooth side of the boards faces the inside of the plinth. For their precise installation, you can use bars of the desired length, which are inserted into the formwork at the top and bottom. The shields are fixed with the help of wooden slats, which are nailed obliquely to the shields. In this case, the height of the shields should be 10 cm above the level of pouring concrete.

For more accurate assembly of the shields and the convenience of working with them, locks are nailed on the shortened inner and outer shields from the outside. With their help, it is much easier and more accurate to assemble the panels into the formwork, which greatly simplifies the work process. Locks are fastened at a distance equal to the thickness of the boards, starting from the vertical cut of the shield.

When installing the formwork in one of the walls of the basement, a small opening should be provided in order to arrange a hole in the basement, as sooner or later there will be a need to repair it.

It is also necessary to provide ventilation holes. To do this, it is enough to install a wooden bar with a section of 15 x 15 cm in the basement, wrapping it with two layers of roofing material. They are installed before pouring concrete. Thanks to this, the bars can be easily removed in warm weather and, with the advent of cold weather, placed back into the hole, thereby blocking access to cold air.

Building walls from other materials

As we have already said, in addition to bricks, garage walls can be made of other materials, such as ceramic stones, concrete blocks, monolithic concrete, rubble stone, etc.

The walls of the garage made of ceramic stones of the correct form

The laying of walls from this material is carried out according to the same rules that apply to brickwork.

Also, with a height of ceramic stones of 13.8 cm, it is not possible to carry out filling in the usual way. Therefore, the stones prepared for laying the backing are laid out on the surface of the wall as close to each other as possible, that is, close. Then they are covered with a concrete solution, which flows into the voids, and then is thoroughly smoothed with a trowel. Next, the stone with the solution applied to it is pressed against the previously laid stones.

For masonry, you can also use a less mobile solution, so it does not flow onto the front surface of the wall and does not pollute it.

Excessively liquid concrete mortar will flow into the voids of the stone, which will lead to an increase in the consumption of the solution and a deterioration in the thermal properties of the ceramic hollow stone, and it will be very difficult to maintain the evenness of the seam.

concrete block garage walls

When laying walls from small concrete blocks, the transverse vertical seams in adjacent rows are displaced by 0.5 stone or 0.25 stone. The dressing is performed in the form of a masonry row of rows (example in Fig. 174) every two stacked rows of spoons.

You can apply bondage dressing and through each laid spoon row.

Rice. 174. Performing a three-row dressing of corner masonry with a thickness of 390 mm using concrete stones

In a wall made of hollow ceramic or small concrete blocks, the thickness of the masonry joints should be the same as in brickwork, that is, the horizontal joint should have a thickness of about 12 mm, and the vertical one - 10 mm.

Garage construction

Irregular-shaped garage walls made of natural stones

There can be many reasons for the construction of stone structures, for example, with a measure of aesthetic thoughts or the banal absence of bricks, ceramic or concrete blocks, natural stone is used in the construction of a garage.

Natural stones may have an irregular or bedded shape (preferable during construction). Masonry from natural stone called - butovoy. From the buta, you can lay out both the foundation and the walls.

You can also watch a video on how to lay natural stone:

How to lay a savage stone - laying granite stone

To each car owner who is also the owner country cottage, without a doubt, you will need a garage on the site. A well-equipped place for storing a car is an opportunity to protect it from excessive moisture and temperature changes, exposure to direct sunlight, which eventually lead to paint fading. By design, the garage cannot be attributed to complex structures; it is often erected on its own. But in order for the garage to last for a long time, you still need to approach the issue of building a garage with your own hands with all responsibility.

We select materials and decide on the project

We take into account that the main requirements for the construction will be:

  • not prone to flammability,
  • ability to protect from bad weather,
  • ensure safety from the attacks of thieves.

Today's market offers a fairly diverse building materials, characterized by fairly high qualities, however, at all times, brick remains the most durable and reliable of them.

Among the advantages of this popular material should be noted:

  • durability, reliability, strength,
  • fire resistance and moisture resistance,
  • attractive appearance does not require additional finishing, brick building will perfectly fit into garden design of any style.

Of the few shortcomings of a brick, a rather high cost can be noted.

Before starting construction, you will need to determine the dimensions and functional load that will be assigned to the building. Brick garage projects may involve the construction of a structure for one or two cars, often a cellar or basement is built under the garage, viewing hole. The attic of the garage, especially if the territory of the site is small, is often made into an attic, it is equipped with a pantry for storing various tools, a workshop, or even a recreation room with a billiards.

When choosing a project option, it should be remembered that a brick garage is a capital structure that will require a solid amount of work and, of course, considerable financial investments. In the event that all work will be carried out on their own, the main cost item will be the purchase of bricks, cement, roofing materials. Experts say - in order to build brick garage Do-it-yourself will take at least three months.

How to build a brick garage

Since the complexity of the structure, depending on the selected project, may be different, it is not possible to unambiguously say how many stages the work will have to be divided into, while it is immediately possible to specify the areas of work that will be performed unambiguously:

  • foundation building,
  • plinth construction,
  • laying walls and installing gates,
  • roof construction,
  • flooring and interior decoration premises.

Since each structure must have a reliable support, the first thing to pay attention to is the choice of foundation. Experts recommend building a strip foundation for a garage if it is planned to equip a viewing hole or basement in it.

preparation for laying the foundation

Considering that the weight brick building will be solid, the foundation for it will also need to be sufficiently strong. If you plan to build a foundation for a garage from blocks, then it should be noted that it will not be possible to lay ready-made large reinforced concrete products on your own - you will need to involve assistants and a special construction equipment Naturally, this will incur additional costs.

The process of using blocks of 20x20x40 cm in size for laying the foundation will somewhat simplify the process. Although this option can be considered, nevertheless, experts recommend using such blocks for the construction of the basement, and the foundation itself should be made of ready-mixed concrete with reinforcement.

In practice, in order to save money, they often resort to the construction of a strip foundation for a garage made of rubble concrete. This design is particularly durable and can last for many years.

It is also possible to build a strip foundation from baked bricks, but under conditions high humidity it will not last long, given the rather high cost of a brick, such a decision can hardly be considered rational.

foundation depth calculation

When determining the depth of the foundation of a brick garage, it will be necessary to take into account the strength of the soil, the depth of its freezing and the depth ground water. To obtain reliable calculations, it is advisable to contact any design bureau, for a small fee, specialists will provide you with all the necessary information and help you calculate the parameters of the foundation.


The foundation line will run along the perimeter of the entire structure, its depth should be in the range from 0.5 m to 0.9 m, and the thickness should be from 45 to 50 cm. Standard garage dimensions for one car: 5.5 x 3 m.

work order

First of all, they make markings on the ground and dig a trench of the required depth. Next, the selected material is placed in it.

For example, when building a monolithic foundation:

  • a layer of rubble is poured into the dug trench, it is rammed,
  • filled with cement mortar
  • build removable or fixed formwork,
  • to give strength, reinforcement is laid, it should be located in several levels,
  • concrete is prepared: 1 part of cement, 2 parts of coarse clean sand, 5-6 parts of fine gravel are mixed in a concrete mixer, then water is added and continue to stir until smooth,
  • concrete is laid in layers, each of which is rammed,
  • continue to work until they reach the level of the ground surface.

Experts recommend doing the work in one go, if the work is stopped for more than 6 hours, it can be continued only after 7 days, how long it will take for the concrete to harden. But it should be noted that in this case a seam is formed inside the monolithic foundation, it will be the weak link of your foundation.


When completing work, you should make sure that the foundation in all areas has the same height - otherwise, problems will certainly arise during the construction of walls.

It will take about a month for the monolithic structure to completely solidify.

Watch a video about the construction of the foundation:

waterproofing

In order for the foundation to serve for a long time, its outer surface must be subjected to waterproofing.

It can be done in different ways:

  • paste over the surface with sheet or roll materials made on the basis of bitumen,
  • coat the surface with special compounds that create a protective film,
  • impregnate with liquid compounds that give the surface hydrophobic properties,
  • treat with a powder composition, which is a combination of coating and penetrating waterproofing.

Upon completion of the foundation, they begin to build the basement, sometimes they refuse it, although experts do not recommend doing this. The height of the plinth is usually about 30 cm. The plinth can be laid out of brick or from small concrete blocks; ordinary cement mortar is used to connect them.

how to do wall laying

Even at the design stage, it will be necessary to calculate the required number of bricks. It is not difficult to do this yourself, if you wish, you can use special services, they will also help to calculate the amount of sand and cement. It will not be superfluous to get advice from an experienced builder.

Having calculated the quantity and delivered the materials to the site, you can begin to build walls. This work can be started in different ways. Sometimes one wall is laid out, using it as a guideline, a gate is installed, especially if they are made of metal. When installing the gate, spacers are used that will hold them.

You can start laying after you have made sure that the base is perfectly aligned with the horizon. When laying bricks, the correctness of the erection of corners is especially carefully monitored - they will determine the strength of the structure being constructed.

The walls of the garage are usually laid in one and a half bricks, laying the bricks in such a way that the seams in the rows do not match. masonry is performed on a conventional mortar of cement and sand (1: 4), water. To check the evenness of the walls and identify slopes, a level and plumb lines are used.

The laying of the first row is carried out completely, then they begin to draw out the corners, it turns out that the beginning of each row should be gusset. To make the rows even, after laying the corner bricks, a thin rope is pulled for each subsequent row.

To obtain a strong and beautiful masonry, you will need:

  • carefully lay each brick, monitoring the uniformity of the load over the entire area,
  • follow the chosen masonry pattern, the simplest option - for an inexperienced master, the optimal is a multi-row pattern, 5-6 spoon rows, one - tychkovy,
  • use a quality solution
  • avoid the appearance of thick seams (more than 10 mm).

The standard height of the front wall of the garage is 2.5 m, if the walls are high, then every five rows the masonry will need to be reinforced with a metal mesh.

If the garage is one-story, with flat roof, and its front wall will have a standard height, then back wall should be slightly lower, on the order of 2-2.1 m. A roof located under such a slope will make it possible to drain freely storm water. Naturally, the side walls must also have an appropriate height to ensure a smooth transition from 2.5 to 2 m.

For more information on how to make high-quality masonry:

building a roof

The roof of the garage can be single-pitched or double-pitched. What should be the walls with a pitched roof, we have already considered above.

As roofing material for a shed roof, you can use slate. Laying it is carried out on a prepared wooden base, for it wooden beams are used, located at a distance of 80-100 cm from each other. A board is laid on the beams, lined with a layer of roofing material, then slate sheets are laid and fixed. If desired, the ceiling can be insulated with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene sheets.

About the construction of a pitched roof in more detail:

In case of choosing a project option with gable roof and you need to build from logs truss system and do the trim.

Of course, such a system is quite complicated; an accurate calculation of the length of the rafters and the step, the oblique angle will be required. After the roof is erected, it is waterproofed and a thermal insulation system is built. Next, perform the installation of roofing material.

Such a roof will more reliably protect the structure from precipitation, if desired, it can be equipped as an attic and used as a pantry.

About the gable roof and its calculation, we watch the video:

making the floor

For the floor, you can use different materials:

  • bricks,
  • concrete,
  • board.

Most often, concrete floors are poured in the garage. It is desirable that the floor level is 40-50 cm above the ground level.

interior decoration

On the inside of the wall, the garage can be plastered, then painted, whitewashed, revetted ceramic tiles or lining.

Finishing work should not be rushed - for some time the structure may shrink.

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O own garage every motorist dreams, because having bought a car, I want to ensure its safety in perfect condition. In addition, in the garage built on the site, you can carry out inspection and repair of the car, as well as use it to store tools or other things necessary for the household. How to build a solid brick garage with your own hands, you should consider in more detail.

Preparatory work

Often a garage is built along with the house. If you got a building without it, then you can erect it as a separate building, while placing it in any convenient place on the site. The most practical and convenient option would be to arrange a garage closer to the exit ones.

After the place for construction is chosen, it is necessary to draw the project. It can be a simple drawing showing the main dimensions. So during construction it will be easier to navigate, proceeding to the next stage of the construction of the building. When creating a project, you should proceed from the number of cars that will be stored in the garage, and their size. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the space for storing tools, as well as determine the presence or absence of a viewing hole.

Important! Before starting construction, they clear the place for the foundation from vegetation, since tall grass and shrubs prevent accurate marking of the base.

Layout and foundation device

For marking you will need a tape measure, pegs and a rope. First of all, you need to set the corners and pull the twine around the entire perimeter. To check the correct installation of the markup, connect the opposite corners diagonally with a rope. Next - measure them, they should be equal. If a difference in length is found, the pegs are rearranged until the desired result is achieved.

Given that brick is a heavy material, the foundation should be taken seriously, because the integrity of the entire structure will depend on its strength. As a base, a strip foundation is perfect, which will not only evenly distribute the load, but will also be much cheaper than a tiled one at a cost.

The device of the strip foundation consists of the following steps:

  1. A trench at least 30 centimeters wide is dug around the entire perimeter. The depth depends on the degree of soil freezing and can range from 0.7 to 1.5 meters.
  2. The soil under the foundation should not be loose, so sand and gravel are poured into the bottom of the trench and carefully compacted.
  3. Next, you need to install a wooden formwork, which can be made from boards. Inside, a reinforcing mesh of bars with a diameter of 10–12 mm is laid, which are connected to each other by wire. You can buy ready-made or do it yourself.
  4. Concrete mixture is poured into the formwork.

As an alternative, rubble stone can be used, which is laid in a dug trench and then poured with concrete. In both cases, the foundation will be strong. Until the mixture has completely solidified, it is not recommended to start building walls. This period will take about 30 days. During this time, you can prepare all the necessary material for laying the side parts of the house and installing the roof.




Walling

After the base has gained the necessary strength, a layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the foundation, which can be used as roofing material. Also, the base can be covered with bitumen, which will prevent its destruction under the influence of moisture from the soil.

When erecting brickwork it is very important to correctly lay out the first row, so it is recommended to check the installation of each brick with a level. There are several ways, but regardless of the type chosen, for the quality construction of walls, the following basic rules must be observed:

  1. Avoid distortion - masonry must be strictly vertical.
  2. It is recommended that you first sketch out the laying scheme on paper and stick to it from start to finish.
  3. The mortar for fixing bricks must have the same composition throughout the construction. Ideal proportions are 3:1 (sand, cement).
  4. Laying should be chain, when one row overlaps the vertical seams of the next.
  5. The thickness of the seam between the bricks should be strictly 1 centimeter.

Start building walls from the corner. After the corner has been accurately laid out, you can continue the longitudinal laying. For warm regions, it is enough to make walls in 1 brick, for regions with a cold climate - in 1.5 bricks.

Roof device

When building a garage, shed roofs are especially popular. This is a cheap and practical option for the device of the upper part of the building. To make a shed roof, its construction should be taken care of even at the stage of building walls, so the opposite end ones must be brought out at different heights. For a garage with a length of 6 meters, it is optimal to make an angle of inclination of 50 degrees. This can be ensured if for every meter of long walls a slope of 5 centimeters is made. For a visual assessment of the angle of inclination, you can pull the rope by connecting the ends of the building.

When installing the roof, wooden beams are required, which should be about 0.2 meters longer than the width of the garage. They are laid in increments of 0.8–1 meter, repeating the slope of the walls. Installed on top of the beams wooden planks. It is important to ensure that there are no gaps between them, and nail them as tightly as possible.

It is necessary to lay waterproofing on the boards, for example, roofing material. Sheets of material are overlapped and fixed with nails. Next, start laying the roof. The choice of material is rich. For the garage, the following types of roofing are used:

  • slate;
  • ondulin;
  • corrugated board;
  • various types of tiles.

All types have a fairly long service life and differ only in price and appearance.




Final works

After the roof is ready, it remains to do the interior work and install the gate. The best solution for a garage is pouring a concrete floor. To do this, remove the fertile layer of soil and fill in the sand, carefully tamping. Next, lay the roofing material and make concrete screed at 10 centimeters.

Garage. Construction of a garage on the site

Types of garages

To get an understanding of the garage, consider how they differ.

Different types of garages by location :

  • detached garage. Usually located on a private plot or in a residential courtyard near the house;
  • built-in or attached garage to the house. Designed and built together with a house or cottage (usually at the level of the 1st floor or basement);
  • garage cooperative It is a row of garages standing side by side, which have adjacent walls. For the positive and negative aspects of such garages, see the Garage article. Placement of a garage on the site.

By capital, they distinguish:

  • capital garage. Built in the selected location, the position of the garage cannot be changed (usually block or brick garages);
  • prefabricated garage. It is usually made of metal, sandwich panels or wood and can be moved by crane if necessary.

Wall materials:

  • silicate (rarely clay) brick;
  • cinder blocks;
  • metal (in metal garage Humidity rises when the temperature fluctuates.

By number of cars:

  • one (most often);
  • a large number of parking spaces (usually garage cooperatives or underground garages).

Next, we will set for our article the task of building a detached capital garage for 1 one car and, since we decided to save money, we will choose silicate brick as the wall material. At the same time, we will agree that we are building a garage next to the cottage on an existing fenced area. The garage will be unheated.

Garage construction

Choice of garage sizes

The size of a standard car is 1.7–2 m by 3–4 m. cans. Thus optimal size for our garage it will be 4x6 m, while the project provides for the possibility of changing the car without rebuilding the garage. The height of the garage is 2.5 m. In the side wall, we will provide 2 elongated windows for natural lighting of the garage. Walls made of silicate brick 250 mm thick with reinforcement.

Choosing a place for construction

When choosing a place to build a garage, several points must be taken into account in order to simplify the operation of the garage (entry and exit of the car, opening the gate, etc.):

  • Choose a place as close as possible to the entrance gate to the yard, while trying to leave 4-5 m in front of the garage for easy gate opening and so that you can leave the car without driving into the garage.
  • Road from entrance gate to the garage gate should be without turns, this will facilitate the entrance to the garage and parking in the yard.
  • Choose a distance from the garage to the house of 5-7 m, so that during the rain you can quickly and easily get to the porch.
  • Try to choose a place so that the garage is not in a lowland, this will protect against rainwater entering the garage and the accumulation of dampness.
  • It is impossible for house communications (sewerage, water, networks) to be under the garage.

Foundation device

The foundation for the garage will be a strip foundation, with a strip width of 300 mm. Since the load transferred from the walls to the foundation is small (up to about 1.5 tons per linear meter), to save materials, we use a shallow foundation (600 mm deep), with a sand and gravel cushion 300 mm thick (to prevent frost heaving and better distribution of pressure on priming).

The foundation must be 100 mm above ground level.

The strip foundation technology is well described in the article Strip foundation. The device and calculation of the strip foundation. For our case, applying the knowledge gained in the article, we can divide the work into the following stages:

  • clearing the site of shrubs, debris, etc.
  • linking the garage on the site and the removal of the axes of the garage in nature
  • digging a trench with even walls, 300 mm wide (to use the soil as a formwork for the future foundation). Along the walls, it is necessary to fix a plastic film to prevent water from leaking out of the concrete.
  • laying sand and gravel preparation in layers of 100 mm with tamping and watering
  • foundation concreting with B15-B20 class concrete, vibrating
  • after reaching 70% strength, waterproofing can be laid - 2 layers of roofing material around the entire perimeter of the foundation.

Garage wall masonry

The most important stage of construction is the laying of the walls. The masonry will be in brick (250 mm) from bricks of the M100 grade on a cement-sand mortar of the M75 grade, with reinforcement with a mesh of wire with a diameter of 3-5 mm, class Vr-1 with a cell of 50x50 mm. Reinforcement will not only give strength to the masonry, but also prevent thieves from interfering in the event of an attempted robbery. The first 4-5 rows are best done with clay bricks; this will be a strong and durable garage base. Material consumption per square meter wall masonry with a wall thickness of one brick: brick - 100 pcs, mortar - 75 l. For this stage, if possible, it is better to invite a specialist bricklayer, this will help prevent the formation of cracks in the masonry, non-compliance with the verticality of the masonry and mismatch in size, etc. If this is not possible, you must follow these tips.

  • Masonry must be carried out with bandaging of the seams, for this you will need to cut the brick in half in some places.
  • The thickness of the seams should be 10-12 mm.
  • After the foundation is ready, it is necessary to make a leveling layer so that the brick can be easily laid vertically. To do this, rails are fixed on both sides of the foundation in a strictly horizontal position, which will serve as formwork. The horizontality of the rails must be checked with a level. A solution is poured between the slats and leveled.
  • After that, you need to install "orders" in 4 corners of the garage, this wooden slats with divisions every 77 mm, that is, the rail is divided into the future number of rows of bricks. Between the orders, a thread is pulled that will serve to check the horizontal position of the masonry.
  • It is necessary to start masonry from the corners, having built 10 rows, you will receive 4 beacons (4 corners) along which it will be easier to navigate further.

Before laying, it is better to moisten each brick with water, which will give it better adhesion to the mortar.

  • Be sure to keep an eye on the beauty of the outer seam (which will face the facade), it is better to carry out laying with jointing.
  • The top of the wall should slope along facade B in order to organize the slope of the roof and drain rainwater. The difference between the extreme points is 300mm.

It is necessary to leave nests 200x200x150 mm where the roof beams will be laid. Nest spacing - 1 m.

  • To block the span of the window and gate, use a reinforced concrete lintel of serial production or a metal lintel of 2 corners 100x100x7 mm.
  • To check the verticality and horizontality of the walls, a plumb line and a level are used.
  • In the back wall under the ceiling, make a hole 200x200 mm for natural air ventilation, the hole must be closed with a louvre.

Floor and blind areas

The floor in the garage must withstand the load from the wheels of the car without cracking and uneven sediment. The floor level must be 100 mm above the ground level. This is usually a cement or concrete floor. In our case, we will arrange a concrete floor (the aggregate should be fine) of class B15 with a thickness of 150 mm with reinforcement with reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm A1, with a step of 200x200 mm. Be sure to make a slight slope of the floor towards the gate to drain water from the garage.

Before laying the floor, it is necessary to tamp the existing soil, lay a pillow of crushed stone 200 mm thick on it, the bottom layer of the pillow can be tamped into the ground. In order to separate the floor from the walls (to allow the floor to lie freely on the ground), it is necessary to lay foam around the perimeter of the walls with a thickness of 50 mm. After that, it is necessary to lay the plastic film. A tied reinforcing mesh is placed on the film while maintaining a protective layer of at least 40 mm, and concrete must be laid and vibrated along it. After the concrete has set (after 5-7 days), make a cement-sand screed 50 mm thick to level the floor.

Along the perimeter of the garage from the outside you need to do concrete pavement, in order to rainwater did not melt the foundation. The width of the blind area will be enough to take 500-700 mm. It is made of B7.5 concrete laid on a sand cushion. From the main facade (facade with gates), make a ramp for convenient entry into the garage, the width of the ramp can be 500-1200 mm, depending on the terrain.

Note: A ramp is a rectangular or curvilinear sloping platform connecting two different vertical marks, which serves to drive vehicles, disabled people, wheelchairs, etc. onto it.

Roof device

In order to reduce the cost of the roof as much as possible, we choose the option with wooden beams with a section of 150x100 mm and a step of 1 m and a profiled sheet. Usually it is pine, larch or spruce.

We lay beams 4.3 m long in the nests left during masonry, the beam rests on each side by 150 mm.

Ruberoid along the slope (the slope was made using different levels of the top of the masonry, 4 rows of masonry), with an overlap of 10-20 cm, fusing one layer onto another using a burner. Profiled steel sheets are laid on top (in waves along the long side of the garage) and nailed through the wave; at the joints of the sheets, an overlap of 2-3 waves must be made.

Make releases (peaks) of corrugated board 20-30 mm beyond the plane of the wall, this will protect the walls from rain.

Installation of gates and window units

To fill the openings, it is better to use companies specializing in such products. In the article Gate. Types of entrance gates describes in detail the types of garage doors, their pros and cons. After you make a choice, you need to take measurements of the openings, as they are, and contact a couple of companies in your region in order for them to send commercial offers for your order. By comparing offers, make the final decision on the contractor. Do not forget to specify the gate installation technology (whether it will be necessary to leave mortgages under the gate or whether they are fixed “in place”). Also specify which locks will be used (raised lock, padlock, mortise).

Finishing work and arrangement of "necessary little things"

If you want to protect brick wall and coating structure, it is necessary to carry out finishing work. For walls it's plastering cement-sand mortar on a chain-link mesh or notch. Plaster allows you to level the surface of the wall and protect the brick from mechanical stress.

Surely, during the operation of the garage, racks, shelves for storing spare parts of the car, wheels, tools and necessary little things will be required. It is better to make such shelving yourself out of wood or buy it in building supermarkets, having previously measured the desired dimensions. In any case, these works are not mandatory, but will greatly facilitate your life.

There is also a need to conduct electricity for lighting and powering electrical appliances, this can be done directly from a residential building.

The cost of building a garage

For an approximate understanding of the cost of the garage, such an estimate was drawn up.

Attention: All prices in this article and the consumption of materials are given approximately for the summer of 2009, prices are averaged for Ukraine.

  1. Digging a trench (6 cubic meters) 420 UAH ($50)
  2. Laying a sand and gravel cushion (2 cubic meters) 180 UAH (20$)
  3. Foundation concreting (4 cubic meters) UAH 1440 (170$)
  4. Laying waterproofing (6.3 sq.m) 370 UAH ($43)
  5. Wall masonry (14 cubic meters) 6580 UAH ($765)
  6. Roof installation (30 sq.m) 3600 UAH ($420)
  7. Floor and pavement installation (6 cubic meters) 600 UAH ($70)
  8. Internal plastering work(50 sq.m) 1500 UAH ($175)
  • Concrete (10 cubic meters) 5000 UAH ($580)
  • Sand and gravel mix (7 cubic meters) 700 UAH (81$)
  • Ruberoid (32 sq.m) 350 UAH ($40)
  • Silicate brick (14 cubic meters) 6500 UAH ($755)
  • Wood (1 cubic meter) 1200 UAH ($140)
  • Decking (25 sq.m) 700 UAH ($81)
  • Gates and windows from 3500 UAH. ($405)

Total: 17950 UAH.

The total cost of building a garage is 32640 UAH. ($3,800).

http://www.builderclub.com

To build a garage means to ensure the reliability of your car and open up new opportunities. To make brick, you should stock up quality materials and observe the construction phases. Then the constructed structure will turn out to be strong and reliable.

  • The possibility of carrying out repair work in a brick garage.
  • Warehouse for storing homemade vegetables and other products.
  • Reliable car parking.

Therefore, a brick garage can be called a second home.

Varieties of garages

Garage structures can be:

  • . Convenience lies in the ability to enter from home. They also have common communications with the house (heating).
  • built into the house. It is important to emphasize that the garage is planned before the construction of the house itself.
  • independent construction - one of the most common, built with the necessary communications.

Stages of building a garage

To answer the question of how to build a brick garage, you must refer to the following instructions. Its observance is mandatory for a brick garage.

The following steps must be followed to build a brick garage with your own hands.

Create a garage project

Suitable for any type of building. At this stage, the future garage, its details and trifles are thought through. The ideas themselves are transferred to a sheet of paper in the form of a drawing.

Steps to take before building a garage:

  • decide on the view;
  • take into account the amount of space required and plan future sizes;
  • resolve issues with communications (water, heating);
  • define additional designs(cellar);
  • purchase necessary materials and tools.

Garage location

Important! There must be a road nearby to ensure the passage of the car.

For markup you need:

  • long rope (40 m);
  • pegs (quantity - 10 pieces of 40 cm each);
  • a hammer;
  • tape measure (minimum 5 m).

Be sure to clear the area of ​​debris, create a clean surface. Using the drawing, it is necessary to mark the area with the help of a peg and a rope.

Excavation

First you need to dig the ground under the foundation with a shovel. The width is not less than 40 cm, and the depth varies from 60 to 120 cm. Next, a trench is dug. To improve the quality of the foundation, a crushed stone pillow is placed on the bottom, pre-tamping.

On a note! If a cellar is provided, then the work of an excavator is necessary.

Foundation pouring

A solid foundation significantly increases the life of the garage. Therefore, you should seriously approach the choice of the foundation. It will also help avoid cracks and other irregularities.

A simple foundation - rubble concrete. A rubble stone is laid in the trench and filled with cement mortar until it is filled.

Solution

  • cement;
  • sand;
  • plasticizer;
  • water.

It is kneaded to the desired consistency in a concrete mixer at a ratio of 1 bucket of cement to 2.5 buckets of sand.

Directly filling is performed in several layers. It is necessary to expel the air and tamp. The laying of the walls is carried out not earlier than in a month.

Important! To protect the plinth from water, it is necessary to lay one layer of roofing material or cover it with bitumen. This will help keep the walls from absorbing moisture and prevent the structure from collapsing.

brick garage door

You can make your own garage door.

Actions:

  • install on the foundation;
  • overlay with bricks;
  • insulate if necessary.

Any brick will do. Distinguish: ordinary corpulent, porous or hollow. Wall thickness: from 0.5 to 3 bricks. To specifically determine the thickness, you need to know:

  • Maximum gust of wind. 1 brick thickness can withstand 15m/s wind. It is advisable to make such a brick if the garage is high. For example, the presence of the second floor.
  • Minimum temperature. If below - 20 degrees, then the minimum thickness is one and a half bricks.

Number of bricks

The following is taken into account:

  • the volume of long and short walls;
  • gates;
  • a door;
  • window.

In this case, the volume of gates, doors and windows must be subtracted from the total volume of the walls.

For laying walls, it is necessary: ​​the presence of a plumb line, cord, trowel, brick, bucket, shovel, mixing container and building level.

For a solid construction, the following rules must be observed:

  • Choose a single brick laying scheme.
  • Properly dilute the solution. The optimal proportion is 3:1 (sand:cement).
  • Laying must be carried out horizontally and without distortions. The load should be distributed over the entire surface of the brick, then the formation of cracks and irregularities is not terrible.
  • Avoid matching the seams of the upper bricks with those below. To do this, each subsequent row must be shifted half a brick to the side.
  • The ideal seam thickness is no more than 1 cm.
  • For a warm garage, laying should be done in one and a half bricks.
  • To check the verticality of the walls, use a plumb line and a level.

Advice! Use the rail as a reference when setting up the brick.

Stages of laying brick walls:

  • For waterproofing, install roofing material.
  • To create corners, lay out in several rows.
  • Set orders.
  • Pull the cord (should not sag), which will control the masonry.
  • Lay out the outer verst.
  • Finish with internal layout and backfill.

Warming

It is also worth paying attention to the insulation of the garage. There are two main ways:

  • Styrofoam (for external insulation). It is glued to the wall, reinforced with mesh and covered with plaster.
  • mineral wool (for internal insulation). Created wooden frame, and put cotton wool between it. After they are sheathed with clapboard or slabs.

Roof device

If the construction of a brick garage occurs as an extension to the house, then you should buy the same material. Easy option shed roof. Beams are required for its installation. Their length is selected depending on the garage. Stacked across garage construction, should repeat the slope of the walls. Mounted directly to the wall of the garage. Next, the boards are laid on the beams, they are nailed. In this case, cracks should not form, so you need to nail as tightly as possible. After laying a layer of roofing material on top of the boards and fix with nails. So the water will not penetrate, and will roll down. Completes the stage - roofing material.

Facing material is of the following types:

  • corrugated board (resistant to precipitation, inexpensive);
  • slate (easy to install, long service life guaranteed);
  • seam roof (reliable material);
  • tiles (perfect for medium and large sizes garages).

The note! Don't forget to insulate the ceiling.

Pouring floors

The main type of floor device - concrete base. To do this, it is necessary to remove a layer of soil, and compact it with sand (a slope of 2 degrees to the gate). For waterproofing, lay roofing material and concrete screed (thickness 15 cm). You need to remember the purpose of the floor. It must be resistant to stress and be durable. Therefore, you can additionally impose a reinforced mesh.

Exist special blends that level the floor. Therefore, the second layer can be used them. After the floor is ready for painting.

You can not do without finishing (internal and external). The most commonly used plaster.

Know! Electricity should be carried out before finishing work.

Do-it-yourself garage construction time is about 3 months. And the main question - how much does it cost to build a garage? There is no single answer. It all depends on the area, garage materials and related elements. An average of 75,000 rubles.

Having covered the process of building a brick garage, its advantages should be noted.

  • Structural strength and reliability.
  • Long service life of materials.
  • Resistance to moisture and fire.
  • Affordable price.
  • Possibility to create your own design.
  • Possibility to extend the structure.

Garage - guaranteed result for a long time!