Riser for stairs: dimensions and installation methods. Optimal and standard dimensions of stairs in the house R311.5.8.1 Spiral staircase

29.04.2020

Steps are one of the main components of any staircase. They are made from various materials, can be both a separate element and part of a monolithic flight of stairs. The relevant regulations define the minimum and maximum step size for stairs , on which the safety of the entire structure directly depends. Typical stairs and degrees have long been calculated by designers, and for rooms with non-standard dimensions and dimensions of stairwells, calculations have to be done individually each time.

Varieties and features of steps

Depending on the form, the steps are divided into:

straight, having the same size and located on the mid-flight stairs;
running, produced wedge-shaped. They are installed on rotary or spiral staircases.

Steps consist of a horizontal part (tread) and a vertical part (riser). The standards allow the manufacture of stairs with open risers, as well as with one tread overhanging the other, which is called trimming, or overhang. The size of the step for stairs is calculated based on the slope of the march and the number of treads in it.

Depending on the location of the steps are:

frieze lower ones. They are located at the very bottom of the flight of stairs at the level of the floor or platform, rising above it to the height of the riser;
frieze upper ones, which are the last steps in the march. They are located at the floor level of the upper floor, or below it, at a distance corresponding to the size of the riser;
ordinary, located between the frieze steps. On a march, there can be from 1 to 16.

Permissible step sizes

The dimensions of the steps are calculated according to the requirements and recommendations of the relevant regulatory documents, which clearly prescribe their dimensions. First of all, in SNiP 2.08.01-89 * "Residential buildings" it is determined that the width of the intra-apartment flight of stairs, and hence the steps, must be at least 0.90 meters with its largest slope of 1: 1.25. And the number of lifts in one march is allowed to be done from 3 to 18. These parameters are fundamental in the calculations.

To make climbing stairs convenient and comfortable, when determining the dimensions of the steps, the step size of the average person is taken into account. It is 0.60-0.64 meters. The width of the tread (a) and the height of the riser (b) are selected depending on the following ratio:
a + 2b = 60-64 (cm), or
a + b = 43-47 (cm).

This formula was invented back in the 18th century by the French architect Blondel, but to this day it has not lost its relevance.

It should be noted that the most optimal is the ratio of the width to the height of the step 300:150 mm. Normative dimensions of steps made of different materials, are slightly different from each other. Their dimensions also depend on the main purpose of the stairs. But general parameters can be given.

The size of the tread should allow you to stand on the surface of the entire foot. Its depth is recommended to be at least 235-250 mm and not more than 355 mm for straight steps. Winder steps in their narrow part should not be less than 100 mm, along the travel line - 250 mm, and from a wide end - more than 400 mm. For auxiliary stairs (to the basement, to the attic or attic), it is allowed to reduce the tread to 200 mm. Street steps can be made up to 400 mm deep.

Quite often, the design of the stairs provides for the overhang of one step over the other. It should not exceed 50 mm, and for wooden structures - 30 mm. An overhang is made if it is impossible to arrange treads of optimal depth, and a similar technique allows them to be slightly increased. But before carving out the deprivation of millimeters, it is worth thinking about the design of the steps called the "duck step". For each leg, you can lay a full, comfortable size here.

There are special norms and standards that regulate the optimal size of steps to the second floor. If you meet the required standards, then the ladder will last for many years, while not exposing its owners to unnecessary risk.

Among other things, stairs must take into account the requirements of the owners.

Namely:

Suitable design;
Aesthetic appearance;
Comfort;
Security.

And plus to this - compliance with GOST and SNiP, so that the ladder can not only please the eye, but also serve for many years. It is these standards, as well as some other equally important parameters that ensure safe movement on the stairs. This is especially true for families with children or the elderly. The staircase itself can be of any design and appearance- it depends entirely on personal preference.

But the choice of buyers most often stops at wooden structures: the most durable, stable and beautiful.

Standard steps are rightfully considered the most convenient and safe. Their parameters are also regulated: height 15-19 cm, and width - 30. In the usual wooden stairs the width is 27 cm, however, on turns or on the march, the so-called overhang (or spout) creeps onto the step. Its width is just equal to the missing three centimeters.

Stair rungs size: GOST

In order not to have to puzzle over what the steps should be, and a convenient descent or ascent did not bring problems, special standards were created: they take into account all the necessary standards and describe in detail the entire procedure for work. The most important part of the stairs are, of course, the steps.

For example, when a drawing of a future staircase is drawn up, it is necessary to calculate the following parameters:

The angle of the steps;
Their own width;
height;
The width of the march itself;
Tread depth;
Step width.

For a standard private house, the minimum width should be 70 cm, excluding railings and handrails - their width is considered separately. GOST does not recommend narrowing the stairs, but allows for such a design - for or attic.

The optimal size of stairs in the house

When calculating the size of the steps to the second floor, you need to know some of the nuances.

Riser size 15-18 cm;
Tread - 30 cm;
Comfortable step length from a meter, preferably 120 cm.

The number of steps themselves is not too difficult to calculate. To do this, you need to know such a parameter as the height of the floor. The accuracy must be absolute, otherwise the steps will differ in size. Standards recommend setting the height of the steps at 15 cm, but this may vary slightly.

And it is necessary to take into account the clearance, that is, the height from the step to the upper barrier. This is at least two meters - otherwise you will have to constantly put bandages on your head: there will be bruises. Drawings and calculations are recommended to be entrusted to specialists - without the necessary skills, there is a chance fatal errors. It is very important to make a long and complete preparation in order to avoid various difficulties.

Thanks to the illumination of the steps, the aesthetic qualities of the stairs can be significantly improved. Let's talk about the options for highlighting the steps in the material:.

What is the standard size of stairs

The standard dimensions of the steps are indicated in GOST and SNiP - according to these standards, almost ideal designs are obtained.

Key standards to consider:

Steps should not differ in size, maximum - 5 mm;
The step height should not be less than 15 cm, but should not exceed 20 cm;
From door to stairs less than a meter, but at the same time, the distance should exceed the width of the door itself;
Overhang dimensions - maximum 3 cm;
Tread depth from 23 to 35 cm;
The narrowest part of the winder steps is 10 cm, the widest part is 40 cm, and the running strip is 25 cm.

For folding ladders, parameters of at least 600x1000x1200 are recommended so that it remains safe. If the configuration and availability free space allow, then the steps can be made much wider. This is useful so that furniture or other dimensional items can be conveniently brought to the second floor. There is one more plus - a staircase with wide steps looks impressive, presentable and expensive.

For spiral staircase parameters are not too different. The width of the steps is not lower than the limit of 20 cm. Near the central beam - from 10 cm, and in the widest part - 40.

It should be borne in mind that all steps must be mounted at an angle of 1 degree, which will help to avoid the accumulation of water, dirt and dust on the stairs.

Stair step

This parameter is almost the most important. Other calculations are carried out from it, and the comfort and safety of movement along the future stairs depends on it. An incorrectly calculated step can even lead to a deterioration in well-being - legs often hurt from excessive tension to maintain stability, especially in older people.

The calculation is made according to certain requirements, which in the end may differ from SNiP. This is not scary, because building codes only summarize information.

So:

The sum of the width of the tread and the height of the riser should be about 440 mm, taking into account the angle of the slope of the stairs itself. After all, the larger it is, the higher the height of the riser.
When adding the double size of the riser and the width of the tread, it must necessarily come out from 600 to 650 mm.
Stairs are absolutely safe if the difference between the dimensions of the riser and the tread is about 46 mm.
The height and width of the steps must differ by a maximum of 5 mm.
The length of the beams for the stairs affects the steepness (it will be almost vertical), which in turn can affect the height of the steps.
The height will affect the quantity as well as the width.

If something doesn’t converge, doesn’t work out, or it doesn’t work out, but far from the way it was planned, then there is no need to despair. Perhaps this is not a matter of errors - this can be solved by changing the configuration and type of stairs.

Stair step width: normal

So what are the acceptable width standards? Everyone is very dependent on each other. The width directly depends on the resulting height calculations.

In this case, you need to rely on some rules:

The ideal span for a private house is 120 cm;
The width of the step is from 25 cm;
In the presence of railings - 80 cm;
In the absence of railings - 60 cm;
For marchers - at least 60 cm, excluding goose step structures.

Of course, when determining the width, you should also rely on your foot - it should fit comfortably on the step. Also, folding stairs will be an exception to the rule - their width may be less, but not lower than the threshold of 20 cm.

The angle, that is, the slope of the stairs, will also depend on the width. For example: with a width of 20 cm, then optimal height will be the same, and the angle of inclination will be exactly 45 degrees. But if the width is 40 cm, the height will be 10 cm, and the angle will be 14 degrees and 10 minutes.

Due to the development of technology and the emergence of many other materials from which ladders are made, there are much more various norms and requirements. It is rare for anyone to meet them completely - that is why it is recommended to contact specialists or purchase finished structure, and not try to erect it with your own hands - here the skill is needed.

There are a few more details to be aware of:

If the ladder will be operated constantly, then it must be stationary.
Landings should be equal to the width of the steps.
It is necessary to pay attention to the SNiP regulating the height of the railing - from the ceiling to the handrail should be at least 190 cm, and preferably 200.

The optimal dimensions of the stairs (video)

A staircase in a house or apartment is a necessary and useful thing. Installing an elevator is at least expensive, and pointless, for the sake of two floors. Proper selection and the correct scheme of the drawing ensure that the staircase will last a long time, and will also become a decoration of the house.

During the construction of two-story country cottages and cottages, it is necessary to comply with norms and standards in all construction processes, including the installation of staircase structures. The greatest load in them falls on the steps. The comfort and duration of operation of interfloor marches depend on the parameters of these elements. Below we will talk about the acceptable range of sizes of stairs in the house, providing convenient and safe operation.

The size of the steps of the stairs according to GOST

The standards take into account all the nuances of the construction and use of transitional structures of the following types:

interfloor;
basement;
attic.
evacuation.

Interfloor home stairs can be of the following types:

straight;
rotary;
screw;
foreign.

According to the Joint Venture “Single-apartment residential houses”, the slope, width and height of stairs in private houses should “ensure the convenience and safety of movement”, “the width and slope of stairs are not regulated”.
As you can see, there is no direct indication of the size of the steps. That is, in fact, these parameters are not strictly normalized. However, there are generally accepted rules based on experience: the standard height of the stairs should be between 15–25 cm, and the depth should be 25–30 cm.

For attic, folding, basement options, it is allowed to exceed the norms of standard options. These models are rarely used, their installation location is often limited, so the height of the steps may be higher, and the width narrower. Designs for this purpose are often non-standard. When installing a march to the attic or basement, they take into account that it should be convenient not only to go up, but also to go down.

Requirements for the dimensions of steps of evacuation stairs

Fire evacuation ladders are available in every building, including individual residential buildings. There are special requirements for this type of construction.

In evacuation marches it is not allowed to install:

screw and running options;
different sizes of stairs;
curvilinear structures;
wooden elements.

Requirements for evacuation ladders are specified in the joint venture “Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits”:

the depth of the steps of a straight staircase is at least 25 cm;
the depth of the steps of the spiral staircase is at least 18 cm in the middle;
riser height - no more than 22 cm;
allowable slope - no more than 45 °;
the number of steps in one march - from 3 to 18 pcs.

From the point of view of current standards in individual residential buildings, such restrictions are redundant. But in fact, they guarantee you the convenience and safety of using the stairs.

Ergonomic stair tread size

The most important element of the transitional structures are steps. When calculating the ergonomics of stairs to the second floor, take into account:

the step of the steps and the slope of the march;
tread depth;
riser height;
tilt angle.

Stair pitch and slope

The step length is calculated based on the standard human step length - 60-64 cm. The stair step (LS) is equal to the sum of the step depth (GS) and the height of two risers (VP). The total amount for a convenient design should be within 60-64 cm.

Universal convenience formula: LSH = GS + 2VP = 60-64 cm.

It is calculated as the ratio of the height of the span to its length. For a normal model, it should be in a ratio of 1:2, respectively. Classic ergonomic dimensions - 15x30 cm.

Moving along such a design, a person will not experience discomfort, will not stray from his usual step. The standard angle of inclination does not force you to strain, raise your foot high.

Tread depth

The depth of the step should provide a comfortable position of the foot on the surface, not be too small so that the foot does not hang down and not be too deep so that the sole does not “drown” on the step. This option is included in dimensions and affects the length and height of the structure.

The optimal choice is considered to be a width in the range of 25-30 cm. This is the average size of a person's foot. To save material and make movement more comfortable, the gap between the treads is left open. This move allows you to comfortably position the foot on the step, without fear that it will hang down or slip.

Riser height

The allowable size of the riser is in the range of 15-25 cm. Such a distance between the steps guarantees convenient and safe movement along the march. Even if an open space between the treads is planned, the height between them must comply with existing standards.

The height of the riser must be the same for the entire staircase.

Descent and ascent should be comfortable and safe. small size will lead to a mincing gait. High altitude will make movement difficult. When calculating the height of the riser, the step formula is taken into account. If the standard is not met, the design will become uncomfortable.

span width

The optimal span width is 90-120 cm, the minimum is 80 cm. The ascent and descent along the march should be convenient and provide free passage for 2 people. If it is planned to lift bulky goods to the second floor, then the width is planned bigger size.

Comfortable width of stairs - these values are slightly larger than the minimum

In goose step models, you can set a smaller width due to the fact that the steps have an uneven size. This option is often used for attics and basements. Rarely mounted as an interfloor lift.

Goose step design

The distance between the treads is made large, but during installation they are set in a checkerboard pattern so that a person alternately steps on the left and right steps. This allows you to keep comfortable movement and makes the march narrow.

Online calculator for calculation

Facilitates the calculation of the size of marches. It allows you to quickly and correct selection required parameters. To do this, you need to substitute your values into the formula and get the answer.
You can check the correctness of the data using the above formula.

Spiral staircase parameters

Screw interfloor options due to their compactness are popular in cottages with a small area. They save space. But when installing such models, they take into account the age of those living in the house. It is difficult for children and the elderly to move on such marches.

For spiral models, the angle of inclination is not taken into account. But such options also have their own standards that must be met. In a screw design, the width of the outer part of the tread is greater than the inner one. The allowed minimum of the inner part is 10 cm. The maximum value of the outer part is 39 cm. The minimum allowable width of the spiral staircase is 80 cm.

Optimal dimensions of the step of screw structures

In such designs, a riser is rarely installed, but the step height should be equal throughout the entire length, comfortable and ensuring safety.

Winder requirements

The steps of the winder ladder have the shape of a trapezoid or a truncated triangle. The depth of the tread is variable. At the base it is minimal, in the outer part it is large. With unequal tread depth parameters, the height of the riser remains the same.

An example of winder dimensions

For the width of each fragment, the norms of SNiP determine the minimum size: at the base - 10 cm, outer - no more than 40 cm.

street structures

The parameters of the outdoor steps differ from the internal analogues. This applies to elements located at the entrance to the building, as well as on the site. Often, not only direct, but also rotary options are installed outside. Rotation angle - 90°, 180°, sometimes arbitrary. This makes the entrance to the building convenient and accessible from any direction.

Porch models are often made of reinforced concrete. They differ in reliability and durability. Parameters are chosen depending on the local landscape, house design.

In such options, a more gentle slope of the stairs is allowed. On low steps it is more convenient to move, a person feels confident and without railings. The size range is as follows:

step depth - 25-40 cm;
riser height - 15-25 cm.

As a material for external structures, not only reinforced concrete is used, but also stone, wood. For outdoor installation, wood is treated with special solutions that make it resistant to moisture, temperature extremes, and pests. Metal products are coated with anti-corrosion compounds.

By combining the requirements of state standards and individual conditions, you can get a convenient, reliable and safe design.

In the old classic English-language detective stories, the plot very often revolves around falling down the stairs. A similar cause of accidents is common today. Since the second level is becoming commonplace not only for country house, but also for urban housing, the issue of competent design of stairs - reliable and safe - is becoming more and more relevant. An important stage in the design of stairs is the competent calculation of its main parameters.

At the design stage of the house

The higher the quality design work, the fewer problems will arise during the execution of the work, the easier it is to calculate the estimated costs and the better the end result. This is considered an axiom, but for some reason in construction practice it happens differently. For the device of convenient and safe communication between different residential levels, this is especially true.

Thoroughly work out the future staircase best on the most early stages design. Squeezing the necessary ladder structure into an already existing, but very narrow opening in the ceiling is a very problematic matter. Therefore, it is better to determine in advance on the floor plan the optimal place for the opening, calculate its required size. Moreover, for such an important element of the building, it is necessary to provide sufficient lighting (preferably natural) and the possibility of reliable fixation of the load-bearing elements of the stairs to building structures. All this is best done at the development stage. interior layout and the choice of technology for the construction of future housing.

Initial data

In order to pick optimal dimensions stairs to the second floor determine the initial data:

Other data will be needed for a detailed study. In particular, the choice ladder construction the material of the walls and ceilings affects, not to mention the consideration of the general concept of the design of the room. But first, you should calculate the line of travel, the height of the step and the length of the tread.

The main thing is safety

The popularity of the plot move among Agatha Christie and her followers in the form of characters falling down the stairs is largely due to the tradition of use in England and America (and also in Japan) 45 degree stairs, i.e. the length of the tread is equal to the height of the step. This achieves the greatest savings in the area occupied by the stairs in the plan. Domestic recommendations of experts urge to consider this case as the last possible one, because the ascent, and especially the descent from floor to floor along such a march, is safe only for a person in good physical shape and in comfortable shoes.

A lower step and a tread longer than 250 mm is not only safer, but also more comfortable. It has been proven that less effort is spent when climbing to the second floor, and this is especially important for an elderly person.

Basics of the theory

Experience and science have developed some optimal parameters for tread and riser (in mm): 150x300 and 170x290. The first is recommended for outdoor (landscape) stairs, the second - for indoor. The optimal slope of the stairs - 30 to 40 degrees.

If a staircase is calculated for an existing building, special formulas should be used, where the following data are used:

The calculation of the parameters of the steps is done using 3 basic proportions:

"Formula of convenience": a - h = 120 mm
"Safety formula": a + h = 450 mm
Blondel formula: 600 mm

The third equation is considered the most universal, i.e. suitable for most cases.

François Blondel proportion

French architect and engineer of the 17th century Francois Blondel (1618–1686) was one of the first to look for a mathematical relationship between the parameters of the human body and the architectural elements of a building. His research is at the heart of many modern ergonomic theories of architecture and design.

It is more convenient to start the calculation of steps according to Blondel by calculating the height of the step. The height of the interfloor rise is divided by the estimated number of steps, the result is sought that is closest to the optimal value - 170 mm for internal and 150 mm - for external stairs. Then, according to the formula, the length of the tread is found and the total length of the staircase is calculated. If the restrictions have the overall dimensions of the place under the stairs, the maximum length of the tread should be derived from this indicator, since this is the main indicator of convenience and safety.

Constructions with winder steps (these are those with one edge located at a smaller turning radius of the stairs narrower than the other), and even more so spiral staircases, entirely consisting of such steps, are one of the most interesting and spectacular in design and constructive solution. But rectilinear marches with platforms for a turn are much more comfortable and safer, and steps that are rectilinear in shape are also much cheaper than curvilinear ones.

But if the size of the opening and the space under the stairs allows you to build only a rotary structure, the winder steps are calculated along the central line of the march, laying off the calculated tread length along it, and the middle line cannot have radius of curvature greater than 30 degrees. The norms provide for a minimum width of tread along the midline - 260 mm, and the width of the narrowest part of the step cannot be less than 100 mm.

It should be remembered about one more feature of the human body, which should include a competent calculation of the stairs. The length of the step taken by the right foot is, on average, 2 cm longer than that made by the left, and the safety of the stairs should be assessed by the descent - in this case, the area under the support of the foot is less by the overhang (“nose”). Conclusion - the left approach to the turning section of the stairs is more convenient.

In one march, you should not do more than 10 ascents, then you should place a platform with a width not less than 1000 mm. It is irrational to make the width of the passage less than 1000 mm, and the clear height of the passage (to the beams and the top of the openings) less than 2200 mm. The size of the march should be calculated taking into account the fact that bulky loads will also have to be lifted up the stairs.

It is customary to make the number of lifts no more than 18 and odd: a person starts the lift and enters the floor with the same foot.

Differences in the height of the steps of more than 5 mm during one march are strictly not allowed. Together with the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which is fighting to reduce the number of accidents, doctors are in favor of this strict requirement: such uneven movement leads to sharp point loads on internal organs, in particular, on the kidneys.

The height of the handrails is about 900 mm, if the width of the passage allows, for a march located against the wall, a handrail should be made on both sides to increase safety when descending.

There is a special attitude towards children: a gate is provided to prevent very small children from entering the stairs, and the distance between the railings of the fence is no more than 100 mm. Sometimes provide children's handrail at a height of 450 mm.

If, according to the calculation, the flight of stairs is located near the window opening, it is unacceptable to leave it without a reliable fence.

When choosing a design solution for a ladder, you should calculate the maximum load that it can withstand.

The railing of a staircase or balcony, consisting of chiseled or carved balusters connected at the top with a handrail. There are various options for the device balustrade.

Guardrail posts forming a safety grid located under the handrail. They can be of any material and any shape.

Handrail height

The vertical dimension between the stair climb line or floor surface and the topmost point of the railing.

The comfortable height of the fence depends on the height of the person, but it is customary to install a handrail no lower than 85cm and no higher than 105cm. Although these heights can be changed if necessary.

step height

The vertical distance between the top planes of adjacent stair rungs.

edge

One of the sides of the part is in the form of a parallelepiped. Usually this means the side, since the top and bottom are called the face.

Fungi

Decorative plugs that hide technological holes in the structure. They have a slightly convex rounded shape. Glue on top of hole.

run

Turning section, consisting of winder steps. The run provides the necessary passing height even with a low ceiling. received the most distribution.

winder step

A wedge-shaped step with non-parallel sides, narrowed to the inner (short) contour of the stairs and expanded to the outer. There are several main types of winders, depending on.

Stub

A plug that covers a hole or the head of a self-tapping screw. They can be decorative or camouflage.

The back edge of the step.

closed staircase

A blind, opaque staircase, which has risers in the design, covering the space between the steps. The closed version of the interfloor staircase gives a feeling of reliability and durability.

Visor (overhang)

The front part of the step, hanging over the previous step.

Railing Component

Longitudinal element of the fence. There are three profiles: two of them serve to fix the balusters, the top one has a decorative function.

The same as the dimension line. Indicates the outer or inner, left or right edge of a stair.

Circuit internal

In a turning staircase - a short contour, the edge of the stairs on the side in which the turn is directed.

Outer contour

In a turning staircase - a long contour, the outer edge of the stairs on the opposite side from the direction of rotation.

Fencing outline

A fragment of a staircase or floor railing enclosed between two attachment points (supporting pillars or walls). May contain a curved handrail.

Configuration

The structure of the stairs, consisting of straight and turning sections in a certain sequence.

lift line

A line connecting the tops of the stairs and located at an angle to the floor equal to the angle of the stairs.

Top of the step

The extreme front point of the step on its upper plane.

March

A group of steps that form a section of stairs leading in one direction. Flights of one staircase can be connected through a platform or a run.

Mounting ladder

reference point

A point that is the point of attachment to the floor of racks, axles or stringers. Most often, it coincides with the geometric center of the uprights and the axis; in kosoura, it shifts to the edge.

open staircase

A staircase that does not contain risers in its design - vertical walls between adjacent steps.

Open stairs due to the lower cost of manufacturing costs are the most popular.

Connection panel

A plank located at the junction of a step and a wall. Typically used with a closed stage. Performs the function of a plinth and a boot.

Stair Options

Step height and tread width. They form the angle of inclination of the stairs with their values.

Usable width of the flight of stairs

The size of the stairs in width without taking into account the fence, that is, the width is smaller than the overall one.

A shelf

The horizontal edge of the corner, glued into the bearing part of the kosour. Designed to support and secure steps.

Cross kosour

Kosour, located across the main direction of the stairs.

handrail

The upper part of the fence, bearing the main load from shocks. Serves for a bunch of supporting pillars and fastening balusters.

Ceiling opening (window)

Some area in the floor of the building, not occupied by structures. Used to move between floors. The minimum area of the opening to obtain a comfortable staircase must be greater than or equal to the value of the height of the floor.

Longitudinal stringer

Kosour, located along the main direction of the stairs.

The "net" tread width (or depth) used in stair calculation. Composes the horizontal distance between the tops of adjacent steps.

Passing height

The vertical dimension between the ceiling and the rise line of the stairs at the point where this line intersects with the edge of the ceiling opening.

A step having parallel front and back faces.

Radius Steps

Steps with an oval front edge.

Trumpet

The arched shape of the contour of the stairs, arranged, as a rule, at the entrance. Expands the entrance area. It happens one-sided and two-sided.

Earring

A vertically fixed board or shield used to attach a kosour to it. Usually installed to the top floor or thrust beam.

Earring inner

An earring located on the side of the inner contour of the stairs, that is, on the side of the direction of rotation.

Earring external

An earring located on the side of the outer or long contour of the stairs.

slice

Part face after trimming. It can be straight, oblique, clean, shaggy .... The sharper the saw, the cleaner the cut.

Start

The lowest sleeve in the axial column design. It is installed on the floor and requires the most careful adjustment in height.

Kernel

A threaded stud used to form an axial column. Serves for stringing sleeves and steps and their subsequent compression.

Rack

As a rule, a rectangular post in the design of the stairs, which serves to support the stringer, two adjacent stringers or beams.

The key element of the fence, which is the basis of its reliability. Serves for attaching handrails. It is a node for connecting the contours of the fence.

Texture

Natural pattern on the surface of wood, formed by fibers of different colors.

stair string

A load-bearing structural element of the staircase, used to fasten the steps on the side of the part.

Butt

The cut of the part during the transverse cutting of the fibers (transverse cut).

Trajectory

The line of the path overcome by a person when moving up the stairs. It is located 40-50 cm from the fence or the axis of rotation.

Clean floor (PE)

The vertical mark of the floor, corresponding to its final finish, the level of the finished floor covering.

clean ceiling

Marking the finished finished ceiling.

The height of the leg to the next step. Calculated for each staircase, taking into account the total height of the floors and the number of steps to overcome this height.

Baluster step

This is the distance through which the balusters follow one another. The step size is measured between the same sides of the baluster.

Staircase width

Ladder dimensions in width. Can change when changing directions.

Screen

A thin carpentry shield covering the vertical planes between the ceiling of the first floor and the floor of the second. Used to finish the contour of the opening.