Installation of a hip roof truss system. He washed down the rafters of the hip roof. Narozhniki and methods of their device

05.05.2020

We have already talked about the hip roof in one of the previous articles on the site. There was described the design of the roof with the support of the rafters on the Mauerlat. After the publication of the article, I received many requests to show how to make a hip roof with rafters resting on floor beams, and also to answer the question of whether it is possible to make a hip roof with different slope angles.

Thus, I wanted to “kill two birds with one stone” with one example. Now we will consider the construction of a hip roof with rafters resting on floor beams and with different slope angles.

So, let's say we have a box of a house made of heat blocks (polyblocks) 8.4x10.8 meters.

STEP 1: Install the Mauerlat (see Fig. 1):

Picture 1

STEP 2: We install long floor beams with a section of 100x200 cm in increments of 0.6 meters (see Fig. 2). I will not dwell on the calculation of beams anymore.

Figure 2

The very first we put beams that run strictly in the middle of the house. We will navigate along them by installing a ridge beam. Then we put the rest with a certain step. For example, we have a step of 0.6 meters, but we see that 0.9 meters are left to the wall, and one more beam could fit, but it does not. We leave such a span especially for "removals". Its width should not be made less than 80-100 cm.

STEP 3: Installing takeaway. Their step is determined when calculating the rafters, about which a little later (see Fig. 3):

Figure 3

For now, we only put the extension corresponding to the length of the skate, which will be equal to 5 meters. The length of the ridge is greater than the difference between the length and width of the house, which is 2.4 meters. What does this lead to? This leads to the fact that the corner rafter will not be located at an angle of 45 ° in plan (in the top view), and the angle of inclination of the slopes and hips will be different. For slopes, the slope will be more gentle.

It is enough to fix the removal on the Mauerlat with nails. We attach them to a long floor beam, for example, like this (Fig. 4):

Figure 4

There is no need to make any cuts in this knot. Any washed down will weaken the floor beam. Here we use two LK-type metal rafters on the sides and one large nail (250 mm) driven through the beam into the end of the stem. We hammer the nail with the very last one, when the stem is already fastened to the Mauerlat.

STEP 4: We install the ridge beam (see Fig. 5):

Figure 5

All elements of this design, except for the struts, are made of timber 100x150 mm. Struts from a board 50x150 mm. The angle between them and the overlap is at least 45°. We see that under the extreme racks there are bars resting immediately on five floor beams. We do this to distribute the load. Also, to reduce the load on the floor beams and transfer part of it to the load-bearing partition, struts were installed.

We determine the installation height of the ridge beam and its length for our house ourselves, making a preliminary sketch on paper.

STEP 5: We manufacture and install rafters.

First of all, we make a template for the rafters of the slopes. To do this, we take a board of the desired section that is suitable in length, apply it, as shown in Figure 6, and make markings using a small level (blue lines):

Figure 6

The height of the bar, which we put on the takeaway for marking the lower gash, is equal to the depth of the upper gash. We made it 5 cm.

According to the template obtained, we make all the rafters of the slopes, based on the ridge beam, and fix them (see Fig. 7):

Figure 7

In such structures, where the rafters do not rest on long floor beams, but on short extensions, we always put small supports under the rafters above the Mauerlat, forming, as it were, a small triangle and unloading the attachment point to the beam (see Fig. 8):

Figure 8

It is not necessary to bring these supports further inside the roof, and even more so to put them at the junction of the removal with the beam. Most of the load from the roof is transmitted through them (this can be seen in the calculation program) and the floor beam may simply not withstand.

Now a little about the calculations. When choosing a section of rafters for a given roof, we calculate only one rafter - this is the rafter of the slope. It is the longest here and its angle of inclination is less than the angle of inclination of the hip rafters (explanation - we call a roof slope in the form of a trapezoid a slope, a hip - a roof slope in the form of a triangle). Example results in Figure 9:

Figure 9

Yes, I forgot to say. Who has already downloaded this calculation program from my website before December 1, 2013. There is no ʺSling.3ʺ tab. To download the updated version of the program, go to the article again at the link:

This article has also been slightly corrected due to feedback from some readers, for which special thanks to them.

STEP 6: We add the takeaway and fasten the wind boards (see Fig. 10). We add enough offsets so that there is room for attaching the corner offset. Wind boards at the corners are just stitched together, controlling their straightness. Check visually for sagging corners. If so, put temporary props under them directly from the ground. After installing the corner offsets, these supports are removed.

Figure 10

STEP 7: We mark and set the corner offset.

To begin with, we need to pull the cord along the top of the floor beams, as shown in Fig. 11

Figure 11

Now we take a beam of suitable length (the cross section is the same as for all extensions) and put it on top of the corner so that the lace is in the middle of it. From below on this bar with a pencil we mark the lines of cuts. (see fig. 12):

Figure 12

We remove the lace and install the timber sawn off along the marked lines (see Fig. 13):

Figure 13

We attach the corner offset to the Mauerlat with the help of two roofing corners. We fasten it to the floor beam with a 135 ° corner and a large nail (250-300 mm). Corner 135 °, if necessary, bend with a hammer.

Thus, we put all four corner offsets.

STEP 8: We manufacture and install corner rafters.

At the hip roof, which I described earlier, the angles of inclination of the slopes and hips were the same. Here, these angles are different and therefore the corner rafter will have its own characteristics. We also make it from two boards of the same section as the rafters. But we sew these boards together not quite usually. One will be slightly lower than the other (about 1 cm, depending on the difference in the angles of the slopes and hips).

So, first of all, we pull 3 laces on each side of the roof. Two along the corner rafters, one along the middle hip rafter (see Fig. 14):

We measure the angle between the lace and the angular offset - the bottom washed down. Let's call it "α" (see Fig. 15):

Figure 15

We also mark the point "B"

We calculate the angle of the upper gash β = 90°- α

In our example, α = 22° and β = 68°.

Now we take a small piece of board with a rafter section and saw down one end on it at an angle β. We apply the resulting blank to the ridge, combining one edge with the lace, as shown in Fig. 16:

Figure 16

On the workpiece, a line was drawn parallel to the side plane of the adjacent slope rafter. On it, we will make another gash and get a template for the upper gash of our corner rafter.

Also, when we apply the workpiece, it is necessary to mark point “A” on the rafter of the slope (see Fig. 17):

Figure 17

Now we make the first half of the corner rafter. To do this, take a board of suitable length. If one board is not enough, we sew two boards. You can temporarily sew it by trimming an inch about a meter long into self-tapping screws. We make the upper washed down according to the template. We measure the distance between points "A" and "B". We transfer it to the rafters and make the lower washed down at an angle "α".

We install the resulting rafter and fix it (see Fig. 18):

Figure 18

Most likely, due to its length, the first half of the corner rafter will sag. It is necessary to put a temporary stand under it approximately in the middle. It is not shown in my drawings.

Now we make the second half of the corner rafter. To do this, we measure the size between the points "C" and "D" (see Fig. 19):

Figure 19

We take a board of suitable length, make the top cut at an angle β, measure the distance "C-D", make the bottom cut at an angle α. We install the second half of the corner rafter and sew it with the first nails (100 mm). We drive the nails into a run-up after about 40-50 cm. The result is shown in Fig. 20:

Figure 20

The upper end of the second half of the corner rafter must be cut down again. We do this with a chainsaw right in place (Fig. 21):

Figure 21

In the same way, we make and install the three remaining corner rafters.

STEP 9: We install racks under the corner rafters. First of all, it is imperative to put a rack resting against the junction of the corner offset with the floor beam (see Fig. 22):

Figure 22

If the length of the span covered by the corner rafter (its horizontal projection) is more than 7.5 meters, we put more racks at a distance of about ¼ of the span from the top point of the corner rafter. If the span is more than 9 meters, add racks in the middle of the corner rafters. In our example, this span is 5.2 meters.

STEP 10: We install two central rafters of the hips. At the beginning of the 8th step, we already pulled the laces to measure them.

We make the rafters in this way - we measure the angle of the lower gash "γ" with a small one, we calculate the angle of the upper gash "δ":

We measure the distance between the points "K-L" and make a rafter along it. We cut the ends at the corners we have determined. After that, the upper end must be sawed again (sharpened) taking into account the angle "φ", which is also measured using a bevel (see Fig. 23):

Figure 23

STEP 11: Adding takeaway to the corners. We make the most extreme extensions that do not reach the Mauerlat lightweight, from a board 50x200 mm (see Fig. 24):

Figure 24

STEP 12: We install the guards. How to make sprigs, I described in detail in the first article about the hip roof. Here the principle is absolutely the same, so I will not repeat myself (see Fig. 25):

Figure 25

We fasten the sprigs to the corner rafter using a 135 ° metal corner, bending it if necessary.

After installing all the sprigs, it remains for us to hem the cornices from below and make a crate. We have already talked about this many times.

Construction of X-shaped (octagonal) roofs.

Construction of a T-shaped roof of the house.

Installation of an L-shaped roof with gables of various widths.

L-shaped roof of the house with equal gables.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof of the house.

Look, this way you can “slow down” your electric meter by 2 times! … Completely LEGAL! You need to take it to the one closest to the counter ...

Country plots are not large. Therefore, many build houses of small area and increase living space by creating additional living quarters in the attic. This is possible if the device is executed correctly. truss system hip roof.

1 What is a hip roof?

Such a roof is made in the form of four slopes. Two of them are classic lateral ones in the form of a trapezoid, and two more are triangular at the ends of the roof. Unlike a hip roof, where all four slopes converge at one point, a hip roof has two peaks connected by a ridge.

Hip roof with four slopes

It is the side triangular gables, which are performed with a slope, and are called hips. The gable roof also has triangular end gables, but they are located strictly vertically; at the hip roof, these slopes are inclined, which is hallmark this type of roof.

Double pitched roof

A hip roof is called if the end slopes, starting from the ridge, reach the outer wall, that is, to the eaves. But there are options when the ramp is interrupted and in one place goes into a vertical plane. Then such a roof is called half-hip or Dutch.

2 Knots and elements of the hip roof

According to the method of installation and the use of various materials, such roofs can be classified as complex structures. In general, the design of the hip roof consists of a Mauerlat, a ridge beam, rafters - angular, short and intermediate.

Mauerlat is a wooden beam mounted around the entire perimeter of the house at the very top of the walls. It serves to properly transfer and distribute the loads exerted by wind, snow cover, the weight of the roof and the truss system itself onto the load-bearing walls of the building. This element is a connecting upper trim for walls made of piece materials - brick, concrete blocks.

Mauerlat hip roof

For walls made of logs or timber, the Mauerlat is not suitable. Its role is performed by the upper crowns of the log house.

The ridge beam is the main element of the truss system, which connects all the roof slopes into a single structure. It must be of the same section with the rafter legs. Otherwise, in the future, a distortion of the entire roof structure and roofs in general.

Corner rafters, otherwise called slanted or diagonal rafters, are the basic power parts that connect the corners of the building box with the ridge beam. For their manufacture, you will need a board equal in thickness to a ridge beam. At one end it is attached to the ridge, the other rests on the Mauerlat. Depending on the roof project, a different number of such rafters is used, but not less than four.

Corner rafters hip roof

Short rafters can be of different lengths, but when assembling the roof structure, they are all displayed at the same angle and are parallel to the intermediate rafters. When the necessary calculation of their number is made, first of all, the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire roof is taken into account. At one end, the short rafter legs are connected to the corner rafter, and at the other they rest on the outer wall of the building.

The central rafters are installed with the upper end on the ridge beam, the lower end rests on the load-bearing walls of the house. As a rule, their calculation is as follows: three on one side of the roof and the same number on the other, but when designing truss systems for large houses, an increase in their number is allowed.

The central rafters of the hip roof

Intermediate rafters are elements that are mounted on a ridge on one side and rest on a Mauerlat on the other. They are usually not used on hip slopes, since the entire area is covered with short rafters. The calculation of the cross section and the number of intermediate elements is based on the bearing capacity of the truss structure and the type of roofing material.

If the building is large, it will be necessary to install additional reinforcing elements in the form of struts and vertical posts supporting the ridge beam, and trussed structures to prevent sagging of the diagonal rafters.

3 Types of hip roofs

Rafter systems in these types of roofs are carried out in various options. For example, if the hip slope does not reach the ridge, as a result of which a vertical small triangular pediment is formed at the top, then such a roof is called Dutch.

Dutch hip roof

Hip roofs also stand out. They have all four slopes of the same shape, and there are simply no side gables in such designs. Hips in this embodiment are triangular surfaces, the slope of which is made at the same angle with other slopes. As a rule, such systems are used for buildings that have a square-shaped area in the projection. In the group of hip roofs there are semi-hip mansard roofs, four-slope, gable, multi-gable and gable.

Hip roof

In addition, there are broken roofs, consisting of slopes of various sizes, the angle of inclination of which is different. Such structures are very complex in design, and it is also difficult to calculate them. Therefore, they are not common, but it should be noted that they have a very attractive appearance. You can evaluate the effectiveness of roofs with a broken structure of the truss system in the video, which also talks about the features of their construction.

4 Calculation of hip structures - angle of inclination

The device of hip truss systems begins with the development of their project. A correct and competent project will allow you to assemble the roof in a short time. The optimal choice of the angle of inclination of the slopes is determined depending on the climatic conditions:

In a region where windy weather prevails, the angle of inclination should be smaller, this will reduce the wind load on the roof.
During snowier winters, the angle of inclination of the slopes, on the contrary, is increased so that ice and snow do not accumulate on the roof.

Hip truss system project

When choosing the angle of inclination of the rafters, accordingly, the calculation of the required amount of material is also carried out. And if for the lathing in almost all cases the calculation is based on the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, then the number and cross section of angular and short rafters are calculated separately, depending on the type of roof chosen.

In addition to the climatic features of the region, when choosing the angle of inclination, the type of roofing material is taken into account:

If type-setting material is used, for example, slate or metal tiles, then in order not to increase the load on the rafters, it is better to make the angle at least 22 °.
When using roll coatings, the number of layers is taken into account. The more of them, the less you can make the slope of the slopes.
The device of a larger angle of inclination of the slopes allows the use of roofing material - corrugated board, but the height of the profile is taken into account. The angle of inclination in this case can vary in the range from 20 to 45 degrees.

The choice of the angle of inclination of the roof according to the material

The correct calculation of the angle of inclination of the roof begins with the determination of the end axis of the building on the upper trim. After that, it is necessary to mark the middle of the ridge beam, at this point the central rafter leg will be located. Then it is necessary to determine the location of the next intermediate rafter, for which the distance corresponding to the calculation of the distribution of intermediate rafter legs is measured. In most cases, it does not exceed 70–90 cm.

The length of the rafters is determined so that their lower end protrudes above outer wall by 40–50 cm, and the upper one rested against the ridge beam.

A similar calculation is carried out on all four sides of the roof to calculate the location of the intermediate rafter legs on the ridge beam. An example of their correct location is shown in the photo.

5 Assembling the truss system

When designing hip roofs, two types of rafters can be used - hanging and layered. Hanging ones rest only on the walls of the building, transferring all spacer loads to the Mauerlat. If an attic device is planned, then additional installation of metal or wood screeds will be required, which are laid on the load-bearing walls of the building and subsequently serve as the basis for the floor device. The photo shows how mansard hip roofs with a hanging truss system are arranged.

Mansard hip roof with hanging truss system

Laminated rafters are used if they are supported in the form of columns or internal load-bearing walls. When designing the system, alternation of two types of rafters is allowed. Where the inner walls play the role of supports, they are attached to the walls, and in other places they are hanging.

The fastening of the rafters is mainly carried out by means of sawing (saddles). But their depth cannot exceed a quarter of the width of the rafter board. In order for the wash to be the same on all legs, you need to make a template. In addition, the elements of the truss system are attached using metal corners, self-tapping screws, nails. Fastening can also be done with brackets, bolts and studs.

Fastening the elements of the hip roof truss system

When installing the Mauerlat, do not forget to lay a layer of waterproofing along the top of the walls. If the walls are made of brick, then in back rows masonry, embedded parts are installed for further fastening of the Mauerlat. Such fasteners can be made in the form of vertical studs or bolts, installed in increments of no more than one and a half meters.

Hip roofs are complex structures, but this does not in the least reduce their popularity. Despite the complexity of the construction, they make it possible to arrange additional living quarters in the attic space, and if you carry out high-quality insulation of the attic, you can operate it in the winter.

Almost all country houses, built in the European style, are decorated with hip roofs. Such structures are distinguished by reliability and aesthetic appearance. If you look closely, they look like the upper parts of houses that have been built in Japan and China since ancient times.

1 Simple and complex types of hip roofs

The simplest hip roof is a four-slope system, where the front slopes are trapezoid-shaped, and the end slopes are made in the form of triangles. Triangle slopes are called "hips", they originate at the end cornice and extend to the edges of the ridge. During the construction of such a structure, a system of layered and sloping rafters is used - the techniques are borrowed from the schemes according to which gable and four-slope roofs are erected.

The construction of a semi-hip roof is formed from two elements of a conventional gable and two hips. The eaves of the latter, as a rule, are located much higher than the front ones. A distinctive feature of this type of structure is the absence of sharp protrusions. Such roofs have become widespread in regions with strong winds. If the house is being built in an area characterized by heavy snowfalls, then the slopes of the floor hip design make it cooler. Gentle roof slopes are the best option for less snowy regions.

A four-pitched system is an example of the simplest hip roof

The hip roof may look like a tent or a pyramid, in which case it is called a hipped roof or, accordingly, a pyramidal one. Similar roof structures are constructed on houses whose load-bearing walls form a square or regular rectangle. All sides of a hipped roof are triangular in shape, the tops of which meet at one point.

The most complex hip design has a broken shape. Such a luxurious roof consists of slopes of different sizes and shapes, while each of them has a break. A simple example of a broken roof is a gable roof, in which the front sides have a break in the upper part. This approach allows you to significantly increase the attic space, in which the attic is usually equipped.

2 The six main parts of the truss system

The reliability and duration of operation of the hip roof is provided by certain nodes and elements of the truss structure. Installation of neither simple nor complex hip-type roofs is complete without them.

1. Ribs (angular, diagonal rafters) - form the junction of hips and trapezoid slopes. They are mounted at a smaller angle than intermediate rafters. As a material for the manufacture of corner and intermediate rafters, a board of 50x150 mm is used.
2. Short rafters (spiders) - on one side they rest against the corner rafters, on the other they rest on the Mauerlat. The slope of the rafters is the same as that of the intermediate rafters.
3. Ridge (upper horizontal edge of the roof) - absent in the hip tent structure. In roofs of complex configurations, the number of ridges can be increased to two or more. In cross section, the ridge should have the same size as the rafter legs.
4. Central rafters (ordinary) - on both sides of the ridge beam, three ordinary rafters are joined. The lower part of each rests on the Mauerlat.
5. Intermediate rafter legs - the upper part of the elements rests on the ridge beam, the lower part - on the base.
6. Mauerlat - fixed around the perimeter of the building, serves as a support for the truss system.

The Mauerlat serves as a support for the rafter system around the entire perimeter.

In order for the outer part of the rafter frame described in the paragraphs to acquire the necessary strength, other important elements are also used in the design. For example, the stability of the ridge, in addition to the truss elements, is provided by racks. These retaining parts are mounted on a bed, they acquire stability due to struts, which also prevent the deflection of the rafters. If it is planned to equip the attic floor in the attic, then the racks can be replaced with other retaining parts.

Eaves overhangs can extend the life of the building. Elongated roof ledges protect the walls and basement of the house from getting wet, which is caused by slanting rains. AT summer period the cornice ledge does not allow the sun's rays to penetrate the house. But in order to increase it, parts called fillies are mounted to the rafter legs.

The design of the hip roof acquires resistance to wind loads due to the presence of a wind beam in the truss system. This element securely connects the rafters of the roof slopes. The fastening of the board is carried out at an angle, from the ridge beam to the mauerlat, from the inside of the attic space. To remove the load from the walls in the structure, details such as sprengels are used, they are mounted to the base at the corners of the building.

3 The procedure for the construction of a hip four-skate

The hip roof begins to be built with the arrangement of the Mauerlat, which is mounted on the load-bearing walls around the perimeter of the building, and the installation of the bed. If the house is built of wood, then the upper crown of the log house usually acts as the base. For concrete and brick buildings Mauerlat can be made of reinforced concrete or wooden beams, it all depends on the budget and the bearing capacity of the walls of the house.

Lezhen and Mauerlat are made of timber with a section of 100x150, 150x150 mm.

The beam is fixed using anchor studs, they are embedded in the masonry even at the stage of wall construction. The bed is equipped along the floor beams or on the internal load-bearing partition of the house, it is necessary for the installation of support racks. The correct installation of supports is controlled building level or plumb. The supporting elements are temporarily fixed with the help of props and self-tapping screws, they are fixed on the bed using metal plates and a corner. Racks are mounted in one row directly under the ridge beam with a distance of no more than two meters from each other.

If a hip roof-tent is erected, then the supports are mounted in such a way that they can form a rectangle that repeats the shape of the perimeter of the building. To do this, they are installed at the same distance from the corners of the house. As for the height of the supporting elements, it is determined by the roof project. If in the standard four-slope system one ridge is equipped, then in the tent structure, several runs are mounted on top of the supports at once, which form a rectangle.

As mentioned above, a simple hip roof is erected by layered rafters, which are used in gable structures. The process takes place as follows:

1. We make a template from the board, attaching it alternately to the ridge and Mauerlat, on it we mark the bottom and top of the cuts and cut them out. We check again ready template, having attached to the ridge at the place of installation of the side rafters, if necessary, we adjust the element in place. If the template is suitable, then we make the required number of rafters according to it. Then we mount to the ridge and the base (distance 0.5-1.5 m) using metal brackets or corners and self-tapping screws.
2. At the next stage, according to the template, we make corner truss elements, but since they will experience an increased load, in order to strengthen them, we make them from two identical boards by splicing in thickness. Cuts in corner elements are made at an angle of 45 degrees. We mount the upper part of the rib on the support stand of the skate, fix the lower part on the corner of the Mauerlat.
3. In the interval between the corner rafters on the hip roof, we install sprigs. We don’t particularly choose a board for them in terms of thickness, since these elements will not carry a significant load. We perform the first half of the sprigs according to the template with a gash in the upper part, we make the second half of the products in a mirror image. We mark the lower part of the sprigs during installation, upon completion we cut off the edges that form the overhang, align them with a stretched cord.

The basis for the Mauerlat is usually the upper crown of the log house.

Below, under the corner rafters, props (sprengels) are necessarily placed, since it is on their lower part that a large load will go. Sprengels are mounted like support posts on a reinforced base. In order to strengthen the side rafters, struts are mounted under them, the upper part of which should rest against the rafter leg, and the lower part against the bed.

4 How to splice rafters along the length

If a hip roof of complex configuration is being built, then for lack of boards right size roofers have to splice the rafters along the length. Of course, on the basis of building materials, you can select the necessary timber, but experienced builders know that the thickness of the board increases simultaneously with the length, while as a result of splicing the rafters, it is possible to achieve the required length of the building elements without violating the ratio of geometric dimensions.

In order for the elongated parts to be able to provide the desired degree of rigidity to the truss system, it is necessary to determine what loads act on different areas of the structure. Joints can only be located in places with a minimum bending moment. Usually such a place is the area near the ridge. Experienced roofers are familiar with several ways to lengthen rafters, because it is impossible to use any one method in construction practice. The reason for this is the following factors:

rafter installation step;
limited supply of materials;
those. construction site equipment.

The most common way to build a rafter leg is called butt extension. We cut the elements to be spliced at an angle of 900. The cut must be accurate, which will prevent the formation of deflection at the junction. We fix the rafters with the help of overlays made of wood or metal and nails, which, in order to avoid cracking the wood, we drive in in a checkerboard pattern.

“Oblique cut” - we perform this method of pairing elements by cutting off the edges of the rafters at the junction at an angle of 450. As fasteners, we use bolts with a diameter of 12 to 14 mm, which we mount in the center of the junction. If there is no time to trim the material, then we connect the truss elements simply and quickly using the “overlap” method, while the overlap can be up to 1000 mm. We drive nails into the beams along the entire length of the overlap in a checkerboard pattern, bolts can also be used to splice them, we screw them into pre-drilled holes. The latter method is called more reliable.

The four-pitched hip roof allows you to provide the house with a presentable appearance. Due to the inclusion of dormers and dormer windows in roof projects, it is possible to revive and diversify the structures. The main thing is that the calculation of the rafter system is performed accurately, then the house will stand for many decades.

The most important structure of the house, which affects the entire structure as a whole, is its roof. The basic design features of a roof depend on many factors, such as the maximum permissible load on the walls, type of construction, type of roofing material, etc. The hip roof, the truss system of which is not quite simple, is nevertheless a fairly popular design in construction. Its main advantage is considered to be its excellent self-cleaning ability, as well as good resistance to heavy snow and wind loads.

Hip roof - design features

The hip roof has found wide application in construction due to its durable design feature, durability and enough original design, having a beautiful appearance. The roof structure allows you to equip a spacious living attic floor with magnificent cut-in windows, and the streamlined shape reduces aerodynamic loads from strong winds.

The hip roof truss system consists of four slopes: two of which are lateral(having the shape of a trapezoid), and two more - hip(in the form of triangles). Thus, the structure has two vertices, united by a ridge run.

The main nodes of the hip roof

Skate run- the main bearing axis in the upper part of the roof, which is the junction of all four slopes. Executed from edged board 50x200 mm.
Diagonal (sloping rafters)- an important load-bearing element of the frame, connecting the corners of the house with the horse run. It is carried out from the same board as the ridge run.
Side roof rafters- made of board 50x200 mm. It is attached to the ridge run and the side walls of the building or the Mauerlat. Their main task is to evenly distribute the lateral load on the load-bearing walls.
Shortened rafters (spiders)- a board sawn at a certain angle, which is attached to the diagonal rafters and the hip part of the wall of the house or the Mauerlat. Thus, there is no connection between the sprigs and the horse run.

hip roof scheme

It is important to follow the basic rules for linking structural units; the reliability and strength of the entire structure will depend on the quality of their fastening. To do this, use only high-quality lumber and "ruffed" nails.

Hip roof truss system - connection diagram of the main components of the structure

Types of hip roofs

There are quite a lot of options for the execution of hip roofs, in addition to the standard one, there are also: (half-hip Dutch and Danish, hipped roofs, as well as broken roofs).

If, for example, the length of the hip roof slope is less than the side ones, such a design is called half-hip (Dutch). Such a design with dignity withstands strong blast loads, and thanks to sharp slopes, snow almost never lingers on it for a long time. This type is more similar to the classic gable roof, however, its characteristics are significantly superior to it.

Half hip roof (Dutch)

The Danish half-hip roof is a little more difficult to implement. The design difference lies in the fact that the hip part is already located not from below, but from above, a vertical pediment, which can be replaced with a beautiful frame with glass.

Danish half hip roof

For buildings with walls of the same length (square), a hipped roof is perfect. Unlike the hip one, which has a ridge run, the hipped one does not have one. The design is as follows, four absolutely identical roof slopes converge at one top point. thus forming a pyramidal geometric figure.

An example of a hipped roof house

Broken roofs due to the complexity of the design are very rare. However, their appearance is so mesmerizing that for a long time you can't take your eyes off her. It represents itself, a set of many slopes, arranged under different angles relative to the walls. With your own hands, without having enough experience behind you, it is very problematic to make such a roof, so it is better to entrust this matter to professional roofers.

Hip roof do-it-yourself truss system

Correct calculations are the key to the reliability and durability of any roof. Having drawn the design diagram correctly, you can easily assemble it yourself, while having 2-3 partners as an apprentice. It will not be necessary to resort to the help of a team of builders, it is enough to do everything according to the plan and adhere to the given calculations.

The angle of the hip roof

When designing any roof, its angle of inclination is chosen based on climatic conditions, which in Russia are very different, depending on the region. If the building is being built in a region with heavy snowfall prevailing in winter, then it is desirable to make the angle of inclination large, so the snow cannot linger on the roof and will constantly slide off it under its own weight.

In the southern regions, where precipitation is quite rare, and only in the form of rain, but strong gusts of wind are not uncommon, roofs are erected with a slight slope. The main task of which is to resist these wind loads.

Map of wind loads of Russian regions

Also an important factor in calculating the slope is the type roofing. The fact is that some of them have a recommended corner height limit, which should not be neglected. And so, in order not to make mistakes, read each of them:

Slate - recommended slope angle 15º - 65º. Failure to comply with these parameters can lead to moisture ingress between the joints of the sheets;
Ceramic tiles - the best sloped angle for slopes 35° - 65°. Neglecting the slope recommended by the manufacturer will lead to the possibility of condensation;

Metal tile - minimum slope for this material is 13°, the maximum is not set by manufacturers;
Soft tiles - optimal size slope is considered not less 15º. Roof installation can be carried out at any other value of the angle above the minimum;
Ondulin - any slope angle not less than 5°, the step of the crate will directly depend on the size of the corner.
Metal seam roof - should be used when the slope of the slopes is over 25° degrees.

Correct calculation of the hip roof area

In order to correctly calculate total area surface of the hip roof, first we need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach slope separately, then add the resulting numbers together. As we remember, hip roof slopes are geometric figures two trapezoids and triangles. Remembering the school curriculum, it is easy to calculate their total area.

Calculation of the hip roof area

If you are still afraid to make a mistake, the specialists from whom you will purchase roofing material can correctly calculate, or you can use any of the online calculators that are convenient for you, which are full on the Internet.

Having accurately indicated all the parameters of the future roof, they will help to calculate everything with an accuracy of up to a square meter.

Calculation of the hip roof truss system

For an accurate calculation of the rafter system, you must use the table below of the relationship between length and their placement.

Roof angle ratio	Correction factor for corner rafters	Correction factor for intermediate rafters
3:12	1.016	1.031
4:12	1.027	1.054
5:12	1.043	1.083
6:12	1.061	1.118
7:12	1.082	1.158
8:1 2	1.106	1.202
9:1 2	1.131	1.250
10:12	1.161	1.302
11:12	1.192	1.357
12:12	1.225	1.414

Based on the above table, the length of the rafter leg is equal to its product of the coefficient and the projection. The use of the table will help to make all the necessary calculations as accurately as possible.

The calculation itself is carried out in the following sequence:

Using a regular rail, find the laying (horizontal projection) of the intermediate rafter leg. Find your slope coefficient in the table and multiply by the presented coefficient;
From the ridge run to the attachment point of the lower part of the stacking leg, we measure the length of the rafter;
In the same way, multiplying the correction factor by the laying (horizontal projection), we find the length of the overhang of the rafters. Or you can use the Pythagorean theorem (see Fig. 1).

Now find the length of the corner rafters. It will be easier to visualize this using the figure below.

hip roof truss system

Installation of hip roof rafters

The process begins with the installation of vertical supports, on which the ridge run is laid and firmly fixed. After installing them, measure the resulting horizontal, if the result is positive, proceed to the next step.
Installation of diagonal (sloping rafters). The lower part of the rafter legs, at the undercut for the supporting part, is connected to the strapping beam in the corner of the building. The upper ones are fastened between themselves and the ridge beam. Their ends should have special corner cuts, made in such a way that the tightest possible connection is obtained between them.
The exposed rafters are reinforced with additional vertical supports. The upper end of the support is sawn at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the rafters. Metal plates are used to fasten the supports and rafters.
The next step is to install the side roof rafters, installation step 600 mm., such a step is preferable, since most standard insulation has this width. We act here in a similar way. The lower part with a notch is attached to the strapping beam; metal brackets or corners can be used for fixing. The upper ends are connected above the ridge run with plates. In order for the rafter to fit as tightly as possible to the ridge run, make a small cut on it at a right angle.
The final stage is the installation of shortened rafters (spiders). The installation steps are the same 600 mm. One side of them rests on a strapping beam, the second is connected to a diagonal (sloping rafter). Pay attention to the installation of the central sprig, which is located in the middle of the hip slope. The fact is that it will immediately adhere to both legs of the corner rafters, so the end of its upper part should have a double bevel.

Installation of shortened rafters (spiders)

Frame reinforcement

In order to give the structure greater rigidity, it must be strengthened with additional corner braces and vertical posts. Their required number is calculated based on the maximum load of the truss system. Weight includes: roofing cake and coatings, as well as the mass of snow and wind loads.

After the hip roof truss system is reinforced, you can safely proceed with the installation of the crate. Its step and design depends on the type of roofing material you choose. For example, under soft tiles, it should have a solid carpet.

The type of hip roof is most often used for private houses or cottages. The complex is designed as a hipped roof with two trapezoidal slopes. It is based on complex elements consisting of rafters and beams. In this article we will tell you how to install a hip roof, as well as analyze the structure of the truss complex.

Elements of the truss system are layered and hanging. The layered truss system is considered the most profitable. Such a complex is used for supporting structures or structures with an average bearing wall. The hanging system is used on walls with external openings. The disadvantage of the hanging complex is its complexity of installation.

For information! Due to the presence of an additional supporting structure, it is possible to significantly increase the span area. Most often, such a device is used in a hipped roof with an angle of inclination of 35 degrees.

The hip roof has the following truss system:

racks, struts;
trapezoidal elements of the slope;
conjurers;
sprengels;
crossbars;
sloping elements mounted diagonally or in the direction of the corners of the opening.

The diagonal sloping element is fixed with an edge into the lower support of the entire truss system or into a beam. This design has large linear dimensions and is able to withstand a high power load. Narozhniki are truss elements that have a short length. They are attached to the mowing system at one point of support, and the second is fixed at the lower point of support. To reduce the linear size, racks and struts are used. This connection allows you to install a hip roof without additional spacers. It is worth noting that in the ridge element of the hip roof it is possible to use spacers to support the entire structure. The installation of a horizontal level, which is used together with the lower support, will help eliminate the formation of spacer:

fixation on a beam, which is cut into an additional beam and placed on the lower support;
fixation on the lower beam with obligatory tying of the upper crowns.

Experts do not recommend fixing in the lower support, because. this action significantly reduces the strength and reliability of the structure. Regardless of the chosen roof structure and truss system, due attention should be paid to waterproofing. For example, when laying a bed on a brick layer, the cross section of a rolled waterproofing should be 100x150 mm, but when laying a bed on wall openings or ceilings, its height can be 10 cm less.

For information! Lying may be absent from the rafters of the hip roof only if there are no struts on the roof.

Runs perform the function of additional reinforcement of the entire structure. They are placed as a support at a distance of 4.5 m. Installation of trusses is carried out taking into account the linear size of the spans, and its manufacture is carried out from a bar or log. Sloping rafters increase the load and turn into a sprengel.

The installation process of the truss complex

The device of the truss system for a hip roof consists of the following steps:

The construction of the Mauerlat along the entire perimeter of the walls. It is fixed with threaded studs, which are installed in the masonry and firmly tightened with nuts. At the docking points of the Mauerlat, a landing plane is found and half of the beam is cut;
The next stage requires strict adherence to the drawings of the house project. If the width of the house is up to 7.5 meters, the hanging rafters are connected with a crossbar in the upper part. With a house width of less than 6 meters, a lower puff is performed;
After laying the Mauerlat, the central axis is marked on the end wall, two extreme racks are fixed and placed on the floor beams, secured with temporary struts;

For information! If the roof structure is covered with panels, a central beam should be installed from above, with the lower ends of the outer racks fixed. If the structure is covered with beams, the racks are mounted on them and fastened with self-tapping screws.

The ridge beam is laid on the racks, on the Mauerlat itself they mark the rafter legs and make their installation. The rafters are fastened to the Mauerlat by cutting. For this, a special cutout is made on the rafter leg, due to which the supporting elements become dense and provide high strength;
Skew and diagonal hip rafters are fixed to the Mauerlat, and the other end to the junction of the ridge beam. The photo clearly shows the element of the supported rafters on the hip roof.

Ways of fastening the sprig

The spears are made from solid material. To ensure rigid fastening, the upper edge of this element is sawn in the same area as the rafters. The installation of the rafters is further enhanced by metal parts. The sprockets are mounted on the power frame of the roof, due to which the rafters are supported, which significantly increases the reliability and safety of the roof. To increase the bearing capacity of the rafter system, the following method is used:

All sides of the lower plane of the truss element are reinforced with bars with a section of 50x50 mm. Installation of rafters should be carried out from well-dried wood, pre-treated with special antiseptics.
If the rafters are installed on the Mauerlat, they are lengthened by additional elements - filly, which serve as a canopy over the wall.

Strengthening the truss system

In the device of truss elements, docking nodes should be taken seriously. It is possible to increase the bearing capacity of the hip by installing a special rack, the task of which is to connect the slings and floors. Another important point is a crate device, which is made of boards or timber. Any step of the crate can be used, however, when using soft tiles, experts recommend installing a continuous crate, and in other types, the step is 20-50 cm. Comfortable accommodation in the house will provide a competent device for vapor barrier, waterproofing, ventilation and soundproofing. All building materials are laid in the form of a roofing pie.

For information! The device of the roofing pie will ensure normal ventilation of the room, as well as preserve the elements of the truss system.

The installation of a hip truss system is a rather complicated and lengthy process that requires strict adherence to rules and regulations. Each action in its device affects not only the appearance of the roof, but is also responsible for the technical and operational characteristics. A competent calculation of all indicators and the correct structure of the roof will create comfortable living conditions in the house.

This version of the roof has four slopes. Two of its long inclined surfaces are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two, smaller ones, are in the shape of a triangle - they are called hips. They are located along the gables of the building and connect the ridge with the cornice. Trapezoidal planes have a large area and a slope, also located from the upper horizontal edge to the eaves.

The hip roof has several different designs:

Traditional with two trapezoid-shaped slopes and two hips, it is called the "Dutch" roof.
Tent - has the same size slopes of a triangular shape. Ideal for square buildings.
Semi-hip - hips cover only the upper part of the butt no more than to the middle. Suitable for the construction of houses with an attic, it is called the "Scandinavian" roof.
Half-hip - the hips do not have a triangular shape, but are the shape of small trapeziums. Such a roof gives a great attic room, it is also called the "Danish" roof.

Like any other type, the hip type of roof has a frame and a truss system - the whole structure rests on them.

The device of the truss system

The rafter system is the main component of the entire roof structure.

Unlike a gable roof, the device for the supporting structure of a hip-type roof is more complex.

Regardless of whether the building is rectangular or square, the shape of the slopes will not change.

Considering the device of the hip roof rafter system, it can be determined that it consists of several elements:

Mauerlat - the basis for the rafters, the link between the bearing walls and the truss system.
Skew or diagonal supports - have the greatest length and carry the greatest load.
Central rafters - serve to connect the ridge with the Mauerlat on the sides of the slopes, converge at the corners of the ridge from 3 sides.
Intermediate rafters - connect the ridge and the eaves.
Struts - create not only rigidity, but also provide confrontation with wind loads from the gables of the building, located at different angles to the rafter legs.
Narozhniki - the shortest rafters.
Sprengel or sprengel trusses - enhance the bearing capacity of the roof structure. They are a beam of timber, located at the corner of the connecting external walls.
Racks - give the legs of the supports additional stability, they are installed at the junction of two rafters and a ridge beam.
Corner rafter (rib) - located at a smaller angle than the intermediate elements of the system.
Short rafter legs - fixed on the corner support board.
Skate.
Tightening - performs the function of a floor beam.
Wind beam - mounted with an inclination on the windy side of the roof.
Runs - the distance between the connection of the supports to the ridge.

Installation of rafters

After the type of roof is determined, all the necessary building materials are purchased, you can directly proceed to the construction of the frame.

Before starting the construction of the supporting structure, it is necessary to draw up its project and drawing.

So, the device of the support system consists of several stages:

Before starting construction, a wooden beam should be laid along the perimeter of the outer wall - Mauerlat. For its laying, it is necessary to equip a reinforced belt made of reinforced concrete structure reinforcing the bearing capacity of the walls. It should be noted that the Mauerlat is securely fixed, preventing the slightest displacement.
If the walls are made of stone or brick, a formwork is erected on top of them, into which the reinforcement frame is mounted using galvanized threaded studs, with a caliber of at least 10 mm. Top part the studs should protrude 4-5 cm from the base for the supports (Mauerlat).
After the frame is installed, the cement mortar is poured.
Then, as the concrete hardens, its surface is covered with bitumen and covered with a layer of roofing material or other waterproofing materials.
Bars with drilled holes are put on the protruding part of the studs. Fix the structure with nuts.
Mauerlat is made from dried and impregnated with anti-corrosion and anti-flammable agents. wooden beam needles 10 * 15 or 15 * 15 cm. The moisture content of the tree should not exceed 20%.
The next step is to install the central beam on the Mauerlat, which is parallel to the ridge. Racks are attached to it. These racks serve as support for a specific part of the support system.

Starting work, it is necessary to check and double-check everything in stages. This is the only way to protect yourself from mistakes and ultimately achieve the most durable design.

Types of hip roof rafters

Hip-type roof supports are divided into two types:

Hanging - the beams are located on the beam of the ceiling of the two external walls without additional support.
Layered - along the top edge internal walls there is a horizontal beam to which vertical supports are attached. The basis for the end part of the timber are the outer walls.

The layered type of supports is suitable for buildings with an intermediate supporting wall or columns.

This supporting structure has more base points, so it can be made much easier.

If the building has two load-bearing walls, a screed is installed to support the rafter legs and distribute the load across all vertical supports.

For a hip type of roof, a layered system is considered the most suitable, which gives greater strength and facilitates the construction of the roof.

This modification is used in the construction of an attic or mansard roof.

How to calculate the hip roof rafter system

The calculation of the supporting structure is the main stage in the design of the roof. The slightest miscalculation in the calculations can cause deformation or destruction of the roof.

After studying the roof structure, it is necessary to calculate the angle of inclination of the rafter system. The higher it is, the more the roof is exposed to winds, but it is cleared of snow and ice on its own.

The angle of inclination of the slopes can be 5-60 degrees, it depends on the load of wind and snow.

After determining the angle of inclination, calculations should begin to determine the main loads to which the roof is subject. These include the weight of the roof itself and natural phenomena - wind and precipitation.

The total value of the weight of the supporting structure, lathing, coating and insulation is divided by the area of all inclined planes. The resulting value shows the load per 1 m2 of the roof. For a residential building, it must withstand a load of 45-50 kg / m2. This figure is the same for any area.

Sedimentary loads vary depending on the area and amount to 80-150 kg/m2. This value can be found using the "Building Norms and Rules".

The load value must be multiplied by the correction factor:

By 1.0 when the tilt angle does not exceed 25 degrees;
By 0.7 if the angle value is 25-60 degrees.

If the roof is subject to regular heavy snowfalls, the installation of double supports or continuous battens is recommended.

The determination of the wind load involves the use of the wind pressure coefficient.

The load indicator (wind and snow) is multiplied by an index equal to the value of the rafter pitch. The pitch of the rafters is determined in meters.

The final stage is the calculation of the quantity and criteria of materials.

After calculating all the loads per 1 m2 and on the area of the entire roof, the cross section of the supports is determined (the smallest values):

Mauerlat - 10 * 10 cm.
Puffs and runs - 5 * 15 cm.
Filly, struts, crossbars - 10 * 10, 15 * 15 cm.

The number of beams on which the crate is attached and additional elements calculated by the length of the roof. For example, the length of the roof is 12 m, the step between the rafters is 1 m. Based on this, you will need 24 building legs, 12 on each side.

When carrying out calculations for large-scale projects, it is recommended to use special computer programs for design.

All obtained indicators must be applied to the drawing.

Knots

Accurately calculated knots make it possible to achieve strength and an attractive appearance of the roof.

The connection of elements of roof structures is made according to certain requirements.

The main nodes of the supporting structure:

ridge knot - a pair of supports is fastened with nails or bolts, and reinforced with bolted beams;
beam support unit on the Mauerlat - reinforced with metal corners, building brackets, nails or bolts;
the rafter connection node with a puff, which is located in the middle of the rafter - is carried out using nails or bolts;
the combination of the brace, rack and support is carried out using die-cutting and reinforced with building brackets.

truss system

The quality of the roof directly depends on the frame and the basis for the roofing. The supporting structure of the roof serves as the foundation and determines its service life.

Rafter system of the mansard hip roof

This support system is resistant to strong wind loads due to the absence of a roof facade wall.

The roof of this form makes it possible to build large plumb lines that protect the walls and foundation of the house from rain, snow and ice.

The constituent elements of the mansard roof rafter system:

Mauerlat.
Skate and side runs.
Support beams.
Overhead and hanging rafters.
Struts.
Support racks.
Diagonal rafters.

A distinctive feature of the mansard hip roof is the use of layered and hanging rafters in its design. The upper slope is made from hanging rafters, based on racks or side girder.

To avoid bending, they are equipped with puffs. When installing the lower slope, layered rafters are used with a base on the Mauerlat, and a horizontal beam connecting the rafter system in its middle part.

The lower sloping surfaces have an angle of inclination of about 60 degrees, and the upper ones - at least 30 degrees.

Strengthening the truss system

To ensure the strength and durability of the hip roof, it is not enough to make a truss system, it must also be strengthened.

The most common amplification methods are:

Installation of truss bars on the corners of the roof with a stand supporting the diagonal support. If the truss is located far from the corner, it is best to attach a truss truss to it.
Installation of racks connected from above with a bar to the ceiling (reinforced concrete) or tightening. They perform the functions of props and ensure an even distribution of the load on the house.
The use of double beams instead of a single beam with an excessive length of diagonal rafters.
Usage wooden planks 40 * 40 or 50 * 50 mm for the construction of the crate.

The hip roof is one of the varieties of four-pitched roof structures. In terms of the complexity of the arrangement, hip roofs are superior to classic and gable roofs - it is not very easy to place four slopes on the house, exactly coordinated with each other and joined at the same angles. But with a strong desire, even the most difficult activities become clear and simple. Check out the guide and get started.

The hipped roof system has a number of distinctive features. So, the hip roof includes a pair of long slopes with a pronounced trapezoidal shape, as well as a pair of short slopes made in the form of inclined triangles.

The main difficulties in the arrangement of a traditional hip roof arise at the stage of erection of a truss structure, consisting simultaneously of sloping, ordinary and outdoor rafters.

Hip roofs perfectly withstand wind loads and generally have high performance characteristics. In order for the finished roof to serve as long and efficiently as possible, at the design stage it is necessary to solve a number of important issues, namely:

choose the best material for the arrangement roof structure;
determine the intensity of precipitation typical for the region of construction;
set the average and maximum wind loads.

Based on the figures above, you can calculate optimal values angles of inclination of the slopes and the height of the roof structure.

To perform calculations and draw up a project, you can contact a specialist or find a suitable project in one of the many open sources. If you have the proper skills, you can handle the above activities with your own hands.

The roof in question, as already noted, has a very interesting design. And if large slopes can be seen on almost all roofs, then short slopes make the system in question truly unique.

The design of the roofing system is such that the slopes do not overlap the area of the house along the length and the remaining free space is filled with two short hips.

When drawing up a diagram of a hip roof structure on your own, you will need to use a marking rail and Pythagorean tables.

It is important that the roof project is as accurate as possible - this is the only way you can make the correct cuts from the rafters yourself and install all the components of the system yourself.

What do you need to know before getting started?

In order for the system to fully comply with all the requirements put forward, remember the following recommendations:

the intermediate components of the hip roof truss system are steeper when compared with the corner parts, therefore, the boards used to equip the intermediate elements must have a size of at least 5x15 cm;
fastening of short elements is carried out to the corner truss components, and not to the ridge board. Intermediate boards must be fixed with the same slope as the short bars;
the ridge roof system and truss elements must be made from the same material;
intermediate rafter legs are fixed along the edges of the ridge board. They must simultaneously dock with the upper end of the harness and with the ridge board;
rafters and ridge beams must be of equal thickness. Only if this rule is observed, you can count on the reliability and strength of the roofing system. If any rafters are thinner, after a while the roof frame will deform and the integrity of the system will be seriously compromised;
hip roofing system can be of almost any height. However, when arranging a too low roof, it is necessary to use additional supports;
to ensure the longest possible life of the hip roof, it is necessary to use carefully dried and high-quality timber for its arrangement conifers. Before assembling the structure, all wooden components must be treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Hip roof construction guide

Proceed to the arrangement of the roof. Start by creating the layout of the building object.

markup

Competently executed markup, correct drawing and the most reliable calculations - these are the three fundamental factors for successful construction. Carry out the markup in accordance with the drawings. Stick to the following sequence.

First step. Mark the axis along the highest trim on the end side of the building;

Second step. Calculate 50% of the thickness of the ridge and set the location of the first element of the rafter system.

Third step. Attach one end of the measuring stick to the previously marked line. Place the other end along the line of the side wall. So you set the placement point for the intermediate rafter element.

Fourth step. Determine the length of the rafter overhang. To do this, place the beam with one edge on outer corner walls, and the other install it on the roof overhang.

Fifth step. Calculate the next component of the center rafters. Move the rail to the edge of the side wall and mark the place where the rafters are attached. The element will be located between the upper roof trim and the side wall.

Repeat for the remaining three corners. So you will find out where the intermediate rafter legs and ends of the ridge will be installed in the future.

Calculation

First step. Take the marking rail and determine the value of the horizontal projection of the intermediate rafter element. In accordance with the standardized documentation, find the appropriate roof slope for your situation and multiply the determined values.

Second step. Measure the length of the rafter. Do this from the selection at the roof ridge to the selection at the place where the support is fixed. Measure along the bottom line.

Third step. Determine the length of the overhang in the same way. To do this, multiply the value of the horizontal projection by the appropriate correction factor. You can use the position of the Pythagorean theorem, known since school days: c2=a2+b2. In the situation under consideration, a is a vertical projection, and b, respectively, a horizontal projection.

Fourth step. Proceed to the calculations of the corner components. On one side of the rafter legs there are oblique cuts, due to which reliable fixation of the elements to the roof ridge is ensured. Directly at the ridge there is an undercut with a special double bevel used for attaching corner components.

Corner rafter legs are calculated in the following order:

from any corner of the house, the length of the truss element is measured;
a projection is set equal to the squares of the length of the projections of the used central rafter legs, multiplied by each other;
the resulting value is multiplied by a correction factor, which allows you to determine the length of the corner rafter leg.

Rafter installation

First step. Proceed with the installation of vertical racks, due to which the ridge beam will be supported. Fasten the elements to the central beam using the sloping system.

Second step. Install diagonal rafters. All elements must be the same length. In the case of roof overhangs, the figure will vary from 500 to 700 mm. Pay special attention to the correct joining of the hip, diagonal rafters and ridge.

Third step. Install the rafters, and then the ordinary rafters with a step of about 600 mm. Attach ordinary rafters to the Mauerlat and ridge beam using the cutting method. To strengthen the fixation, use crossbars and ties.

It is important that ordinary rafters do not come into contact with the studs, due to which the Mauerlat is fastened to the walls of the house.

Fourth step. Attach sprigs to each side of the diagonal planks, due to which the rafters will be connected to the Mauerlat.

Both ordinary truss elements and sprigs must be mounted strictly perpendicular to the ridge.

Strengthening the roof structure

When choosing a method of strengthening the rafters, be guided, first of all, by the size of the building. Among the most popular methods of amplification, the following options should be distinguished:

at the corners of the roof, trusses are fixed with a special stand that acts as a support for the diagonal rafter element. Sprengel in this situation is a bar that you need to throw between the two angular arms of the supporting Mauerlat. If the installation of the truss has to be carried out at a great distance from the mentioned corner, professionals recommend installing a reliable truss truss;
on reinforced concrete floor or the racks are stuffed by tightening. They will perform the function of the so-called. "Shelves" supporting the truss elements in the middle;
if the diagonal rafters are too long, double beams should be used instead of one beam.

Ventilation

For the device of the required level of ventilation of the under-roof space, make a hole in the windproof film for air inlet. It must be placed on top, closer to the roof ridge.

If the wind filing is made of wood, it is enough just to fix the boards with a gap of 2-3 mm. In the event that for the manufacture of filings are used plastic products, the elements must first be perforated.

If the wind sheeting of the roof is already assembled, you can mount ordinary ventilation grilles into it. The standard diameter of such gratings is 50 mm. The mesh of the product can have any color. Lattices are placed along the entire length of the windshield with a step of about 800 mm.

In conclusion, you just have to lay the insulation, equip the waterproofing layer, fill the boards of the crate and mount the selected finish.

Now you know the main features and the procedure for self-arranging a hip roof. The work can hardly be called too easy, but using the knowledge gained in practice, you can cope with the implementation of all related activities with your own hands.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself hip roof

The hip roof perfectly copes with the tasks assigned to it. But its strength and reliability largely depends on the quality of installation, which cannot be done without a good circuit. And how is a drawing of a hip roof truss system drawn up? What nuances and parameters should be taken into account? This will be discussed in the article.

What is a hip

Before you start talking about how a drawing of a hip roof truss system is drawn up, you should get acquainted with the design itself. What is a hip and why is this roofing option quite popular?

Any design has its own "specific" elements. The same applies to the roof option considered in the article. Here such a special detail is the hip. And what is it? A hip is a triangular part of the roof located at the end of the building. A conventional hipped roof has all triangular sides. In the case of the hip version, the main two slopes are trapezoidal in shape.

The basic principles of creating a hip roof at home

This version of the roof is not used so often, but still it enjoys good fame. The hip roof has its pros and cons. The advantages of this design experts include the following:

the hip, unlike the pediment, has low wind resistance. Such a roof can withstand even hurricanes;
the truss system of such a roof is durable and resistant to external influences. This is achieved by installing corner ribs that act as stiffeners;
the hip roof makes it possible to create wide overhangs on all sides of the house, which reliably protects the walls from precipitation;
do not forget about the appearance. A hip roof can greatly decorate any building.

But there are also disadvantages. If we talk about the minuses, then first of all, experts recall the complexity of the drawings of the hip roof truss system. The design has many elements that need to be properly mounted. It can be quite difficult to do this without the necessary skills. Besides, a large number of elements significantly increases the cost of the entire structure.

There are other difficulties as well. If you decide to make an attic room, you will definitely come across them. Firstly, the attic space under the hip roof is smaller than in the case of using the usual gable version. Secondly, you will have to install special windows, which can be quite expensive.

Types of hip truss systems

When building a roof, you need to carefully consider all its elements and structures. But the most important thing is to decide on the choice of the type of truss system. It is this part of the roof that will bear all the loads. In the case of a hip roof option, the following two types of truss systems are used:

Types of structures of roof truss systems - diagrams

Layered.
Hanging.

The first option is considered the most acceptable. This type of rafter system for a hip roof implies the presence of additional support under the ridge. To do this, the house must have a load-bearing wall located in the middle of the building. Support beams are installed on it, on which the ridge span is mounted. This design is more durable. In it, the rafter pairs rest not only on the Mauerlat, but also on the ridge span.

If there is no axial bearing wall, then a hanging system is used. Here the rafters are attached to each other from above, and from below they rest against the Mauerlat. This type of system is used for small houses, when the length of one slope does not exceed six meters. But in the case of a hip roof, it is still better to use a layered rafter system. This will help to avoid problems during installation and further operation.

Creating a drawing of a hip roof truss system

There is a lot of preliminary work that needs to be done before any roof construction can begin. And, probably, the most important task will be to create a drawing of the hip roof system. The speed and accuracy of installation will depend on the correct execution of this work. To draw up a drawing, you need to additionally find out many parameters and characteristics of the future design. And how to do this will be described below.

We measure the overall data of the building

The very first parameter, from which all other calculations will be based, is the size of the house itself. Much will depend on this characteristic, namely:

the height of the ridge;
slope length;
tilt angle;
the amount of material needed.

If you have a project for a house, then it will not be difficult to find out its dimensions. To do this, just look at the drawing. If there is no project or the house was built with slight deviations from it, then you need to take up the measurement yourself. For further calculations of a hipped roof, you will need to know the length and width of the building, as well as the height of the walls.

Choosing the optimal roof height

After you know the dimensions of the house, you can proceed to the following calculations. The first one is the choice optimal height roofs. In doing so, the following must be taken into account:

whether the attic space will be used. If yes, then the height must be greater so that there is enough space;
the size of the house itself. Too high a roof can significantly worsen the appearance of the entire structure;
desired slope angle. The higher the roof, the larger this parameter will be.

It is best to make such calculations after determining the angle of inclination of the slope. This is what builders do most of the time. In this case, the height of the roof will be equal to half the width of the house multiplied by the tangent of the slope angle.

The choice of the angle of inclination of the slope of the hip roof

In the design of the roof, all parameters must be calculated and verified. The same applies to the angle of inclination of the slope. Here, experts recommend taking into account the following factors:

How to calculate the angle of the roof slope and calculate its installation

First of all, you need to take into account the weather conditions in your area. If the angle of inclination is small, then a lot of snow will accumulate on it in winter, but at the same time the roof will not experience large wind loads. At a large angle, everything is mirrored vice versa;
also taken into account, and what roofing material will be used. Each manufacturer determines his own minimum angle of inclination at which his products will work most efficiently.

by the most the best option the value is considered to lie in the range from 20 to 45 degrees. In this case, the angle of inclination of the main slopes and the hip may differ. Also, the slope is selected depending on whether the attic space will be used. The steeper the roof, the less free space will remain under it.

We select the points (step) for installing rafters

After determining the angle of inclination of the slope and the height of the entire structure, you can proceed to the next stage of planning. The most important element of any roof are the rafters. They will withstand all the loads. In order for the entire weight of the rafters to withstand, you need to choose the right step for their installation.

How to choose the right rafter installation step

But here much will depend on another parameter, namely on the section of the wooden bars or boards used. The higher this value, the stronger the rafters themselves. And this means that you can install them less often.

To choose the right section of the rafters, you need to consider the following types of loads:

Variables. Here experts include loads from precipitation and wind pressure. All these data can be found from special maps.
Permanent - these are loads from the weight of the roofing materials themselves, as well as all equipment installed on the roof.

It is best to take a section with a margin so that there are no unforeseen situations. After you have dealt with this parameter, you can also determine the pitch of the rafters. As a rule, this value lies in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 meters.

To accurately calculate the cross section of the rafters and their installation step, you can use special programs or online calculators. With their help, you can more accurately calculate all the parameters of the future roof, thereby avoiding errors.

Determine the length of the skate

To determine this parameter, it is very important to understand exactly where this element should be. The ridge in the hip roof is located strictly in the middle. And this applies to both the longitudinal and transverse axis.

As a rule, the calculation of the length of the ridge is carried out in the following sequence:

the width of the house is determined and this value is divided in half;
the resulting value will be equal to the distance at which the skate will begin and end relative to the building pancake;
from here you can calculate the desired parameter itself. The length of the ridge is equal to the length of the entire house (roof) minus its width.

This calculation is considered standard, but you can change it. The most important thing is the observance of a strictly median location of the skate.

We calculate the amount of material needed

A very important issue that needs to be resolved before the start of construction is how much money will need to be invested. But it can only be solved by calculating the consumption of materials. A lot depends on the size of the house itself. The calculation itself can be carried out in the following sequence:

Calculation of the hip roof area

First, calculate the roof area. Knowing the angle of inclination and the height of the ridge, this will not be difficult to do.
Next, you can find out how much roofing material, waterproofing and insulation (if the roof is warm) you will need.
After that, knowing the installation step of the rafters, we calculate their number.
Also, do not forget about additional elements. If the roof is large, then you will definitely need props, stretch marks, crossbars, and so on.

It is very convenient to use special programs for calculation. Some of them will not only calculate how much and what material you will need, but will also help you draw up a sketch and drawing of the truss system and the entire roof. But even after that, it's better to ask a professional to check all hip roof calculations, especially the diagram. The hip roof is a rather complex structure and it is not difficult to make a mistake when designing it. But such miscalculations can lead to serious consequences during operation.