Built-in bath faucet: description, types, installation features. Modern types of faucets and their distinctive features Single lever bath mixers with shower

26.03.2020

There are a variety of sink faucets on the market today. They differ from each other in design, functionality, construction. In addition to the fact that the equipment should look harmoniously in the interior of a particular room, it needs functionality. This will make the use of plumbing equipment comfortable and enjoyable.

It is important to follow the sequence: first of all, install the sink, and then choose the right type of faucet for the kitchen or bathroom.

Basin faucet device

Types of plumbing fixtures are divided according to the principles of water flow and temperature control:

two-handle type;
single lever type;
thermostatic type;
sensory;
with double control by means of a sensor and a lever.

Two levers
Two-handed refers to classical types appliances. The water jet is regulated by two valves for cold and hot water.

Such models have a serious advantage: they are reliable. Light water leakage is easy to fix.

One lever
A single-lever faucet has a single lever that simultaneously regulates both the pressure of the water jet and its temperature. The mechanism is more convenient than the previous version, since it regulates the temperature and water pressure with the movement of one hand.

The short or medium length of the spout (spout) allows the mixer to be used both for the kitchen and for the washbasin. Depending on the type of mechanism, the jet is regulated by either a metal sphere or a double disc ceramic valve.

Thermostat
The principle of operation of thermostatic two-handle taps, unlike traditional ones, is different. One lever (valve) regulates the pressure of the water, and the second - the temperature of the water jet. The crane is convenient in that it is programmed for the required temperature once, and then maintains the required pressure.

Sensor
The touch version differs from the standard mixer in that it does not have control valves or levers. Water starts flowing when you put your hand on the faucet. The design works thanks to sensors with elements of three types:

photocell;
infrared;
piezoelectric element.

The photo sensor turns on the water of the specified temperature when the hand is brought into the sensor coverage area. This type of faucet is preferably used for a washbasin.

The infrared element is similar to the previous one, however, if the photosensor responds to reflected light, then the infrared one reacts to heat. The sensitivity zone is from one to thirty centimeters.
The piezo button activates the faucet when touched.

The water is turned off after a set time according to the settings. The use of this type of faucet is more logical in bathrooms, it is easy to set a comfortable temperature.

Sensor and lever
The 2-in-1 model is a kitchen faucet with a single spout that allows you to choose different ways extraction of the water jet. Touch control type is used for household needs. This is convenient when cooking, when you often have to rinse dishes, hands, and food.

If a continuous flow of water is required, it is advisable to use a lever valve. It is more practical for collecting water in five- and ten-liter dishes.

Characteristics of basin mixers

Based on the design features of the sink and the room where the plumbing equipment is installed, it is easy to choose either an external or built-in faucet. In the first case, the device is installed on the sink, in the second it is mounted on the wall.

If a built-in faucet is used, then an external control panel with temperature controllers and a mode switch is placed on the wall surface. It looks aesthetically pleasing, takes up little space, looks organic in the kitchen and in the bathroom.

It is worth considering other design qualities of mixers:

spout length;
spout shape;
angle of rotation.

They are important when choosing a particular model, as they are responsible for comfort, convenience, long-term operation.

spout length
Another design feature of the products is the length and shape of the spout. According to the length of the spout, mixers are divided into three groups:

shortened length from 15 to 19 cm;
medium - from 20 to 24 cm;
long - from 25 to 30 cm.

When choosing a new faucet, the dimensions of the sink, the length of the spout and the purpose of the room are taken into account.

The height of the spout and the depth of the shell are directly related. The lower the spout, the deeper the bowl. So, for a kitchen sink, it is more logical to buy a model with a high spout. At the same time, a deep bowl will ensure the cleanliness of the room: the higher the spout, the more powerful the water pressure and the stronger its spraying.

In the kitchen, the low spout design is extremely non-functional:

Difficulty washing bulky dishes
the number of items that can be placed in the washing bowl is limited;
it is impossible to achieve a powerful jet pressure.

Therefore, a faucet with a low spout is best installed in the bathroom.
When installing a washing center with several bowls in the kitchen, pay attention to designs with a retractable spout. It is an additional hose that can be easily extended from the tap to a distance of up to 1.2 meters.

spout shape
The shape of the spout has a number design features. It can be of two types:

classical, or traditional;
cascading.

The first type of mixers is tubular. It gives a uniform strong jet, is made with various cross-section options: round, oval, triangular, square, rectangular. It has a straight, double, angular, S-, Г-, С-, R-, G-shaped silhouette.

Cascade mixers are quite rare. They are most often used for showers, although they are also installed in sinks. The fundamental difference from standard products is the shape and pressure of the jet, which imitates a waterfall.

Angle of rotation
The last detail that is important for the equipment of the room is the angle of rotation of the mixer spout. If the tap is inexpensive, manufacturers limit it to 120-140 degrees. Expensive models are able to deviate up to 180 degrees along the axis, which is convenient primarily for kitchens.

Modern functional models cranes can freely turn around their own axis. This ability makes sense if the sink is placed in the center of the room and does not communicate directly with the wall.

Basin faucet functions

In terms of functional qualities, household faucets are diverse. Two functions are essential for comfortable use:

temperature limiter;
filtering function.

Limiting water heating is important in terms of comfort and in terms of saving energy and water. Effective thermostatic faucets that do not require selection temperature regime by rotating one or two levers.

Models with a restraint mechanism can completely prevent accidental burns, which families with small children will appreciate.

When switched on, the faucet dispenses hot water only together with cold water.
Thanks to the function of water filtration in domestic faucets, there is no need to install an additional tap to drain the filtered water. It is economical, aesthetically pleasing, convenient in the care of the kitchen.

There are two options:

with two separate holes;
with one hole and two channels.

In the first case, the holes are located either in one spout (but not connected to each other), or in two different spouts. The water supply is traditionally regulated: drinking water on the left, unfiltered tap water on the right.

In the second case, the first channel is for raw water, hot or cold. The second channel supplies filtered water. The flow is regulated by separate levers, which eliminates the mixing of purified and water flows.

Advantages and disadvantages

The installation of mixers is carried out taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the models different types. A plumbing product withstands loads every day, so it must meet quality standards.

Classical double lever taps. Advantages:

classic design, reliability, ease of adjustment and replacement of consumables. In the event of a breakdown, leaks are excluded, since the flow of water is blocked;
the disadvantages include the use, requiring the participation of two hands.

single lever mixer:

aesthetically attractive, easy to use, has a long service life, ergonomic adjustment of the water flow;
minus - a short life of rubber sealing elements, problems with adjusting the temperature and jet pressure.

thermostatic mixer:

economically consumes water, safe, aesthetic, maintains the desired water temperature, does not depend on the pressure in the plumbing system;
the disadvantage of models without special switches is that if the cold or hot water, the current stops.

Sensor mechanisms:

durable, comfortable to use, economical, aesthetic;
however, in a domestic environment, the use of sensory equipment is impractical. You will have to constantly change the temperature for washing hands, dishes and other needs, activate the sensor when the water flow is programmed to turn off.

When choosing an onboard or built-in crane, the financial and labor costs for installation and possible repair. Built-in faucets are aesthetic, reliably protected from accidental damage.

The disadvantages include:

installation is complicated, requires additional labor;
increased requirements are placed on the details of the connection;
when installing the crane after repair work there are expenses for the restoration of the destroyed wall covering.

When choosing plumbing equipment, its cost is also taken into account.

Classic crane options are budget, while modern high-tech models are expensive. The issue of price is important for budget users.

Operating rules

The golden rule for the operation of classic and high-tech faucets is daily thorough maintenance. Water containing calcium can leave traces on the metal in the form of deposits. Clogging into cracks, working units, calcified plaque can spoil the aesthetic appearance of the device, disrupt its operation.

For care, sparing products are used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Excessively aggressive abrasive products are prohibited.

When installing the thermostatic unit, check the pressure in the water pressure system. A permanent or frequent temporary decrease in operating pressure leads to operational problems and damage to the instrument.

Precautionary measures

When installing classic mixers, the standard installation rules are followed:

do not pinch the nuts so as not to rip;
use fum tape to prevent leakage;
use gaskets of proven quality.

When mounting sensor devices, observe the general precautions for connecting sensor mixers to the mains through a transformer.

Installation of this type of mixers is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions with the obligatory implementation of precautionary measures during installation and work with electrical equipment.

Faults

More often, a malfunction of double-lever and single-lever mixers is a clogged aerator or gasket wear. Components are distinguished by characteristic features: due to the accumulation of debris, the volume of the jet becomes smaller or leaks begin.

disconnect the spout, unscrew the aerator and clean it with a strong air or water jet;
change seals that have become unusable. Additionally, use fum tape or technical linen.

Clogging causes damage to sensory devices. Particles of dirt that have fallen on the membrane prevent the normal operation of the tap, the flow of water does not stop.

Plaque on the sensor can also disrupt the normal operation of the equipment. The solution is to clean the places of contamination, install a filter.

Mixers are considered to be an important plumbing fixture in the bathroom. Modern production This water flow control device offers users a variety of models. Not every ordinary person is able to quickly understand the fundamental differences between mixers from different manufacturers in order to buy not only a beautiful, but also a reliable, convenient device.

Faucets are attached in two ways: to the wall or to the bath. If the second method takes place, then the holes in the bath are made in the manufacture of acrylic bowls. In the presence of a washbasin, both methods of attachment are also used. There are models of floor faucets, but such options are very rare in the interior of domestic bathrooms.

Recently, models with a sink drain that closes and opens with the help of a bottom valve have appeared on the plumbing market. This method is very convenient, although a little unusual. It allows you to save running water, washing in the water that is typed into the sink.

Design differences

Mixers are usually divided into two groups:

Types of bathroom faucets

Need a mixer? By visiting the Kristall online store, each user will find what he needs. The company has been cooperating with sanitary ware manufacturers from around the world for 10 years. The faucets offered by the Kristall universal company are of impeccable quality and are aimed at consumers with different budgets.

If desired, you can install electronic mixers. Water from such a device begins to flow immediately, as soon as hands are brought to the tap. The function of the shut-off valve is performed in such mixers by an infrared sensor. A miniature external lever or a screw hidden in the body regulates the pressure and temperature of the water.

The electronic faucet can be easily controlled via the LED touch panel

Aesthetes can delight their bathtub with faucet models with jet lights. The backlight color will change as the water temperature changes. Thanks to smart faucets, you can protect yourself from the possibility of getting burned too hot water. Built-in limiter maximum temperature will maintain water at the programmed degree.

Characteristics of mixers

The most important part of any faucet is the spout or gander. These parts of the device are distinguished by length and cross section. The pressure of water and its consumption depend on the section of the spout. Some models are able to save water, and there are those that give the jet an unusual shape.

If it is planned to use one faucet in both the sink and the bath, then a long swivel gander is chosen. It should be taken into account that the regular movement of the gander can significantly reduce its life.

Bathtub - shower mixer with short spout

If all water procedures are taken in the bath, then along with the faucet, a shower hose with a watering can is included, which is mounted on a wall element. Water is switched to the shower and back using a push-button or lever mechanism. Lever is more convenient than push-button.

It is necessary to select all accessories in the bathroom, taking into account the design and material of the faucet. Manufacturers are working on the release of entire collections of related accessories so that the user does not have to look for the right little things for a long time.

Such faucets belong to the classic options for bathroom plumbing and have been known to domestic users for a very long time. Modern technologies changed appearance, internal elements have a completely new design. The presence of a long spout significantly increases the functionality of the mixer, which makes such models popular today.

home distinguishing feature- the presence of a long swivel spout (spout, gander). Due to this engineering feature, faucets can simultaneously serve a bathtub and a sink, it is possible to change the places for pouring hot water depending on needs, and it is easier to use the bathtub for other domestic purposes.

Faucet with a long spout - photo

Each faucet has a flexible hose and shower head. The watering can is fixed on the mixer body or on special stands. Most models provide for fixing on the body and the wall of the bathroom. If you plan on using the same sink and bath unit, then only buy reliable models. Double load requires increased strength of all nodes and elements.

Types of faucets with a long spout

According to the method of adjustment and supply of water, there are two types.

Single lever. Adjustment of temperature and a pressure of water supply is made by one handle. Cartridge-type faucet, friction elements made of wear-resistant ceramics. In terms of performance, it occupies a high position. Of course, only if this product is not from China. Although we needlessly scold Chinese manufacturers, they produce very high quality products that are popular all over the world. And by the number of scientific and technological developments, define our country much. The presence in domestic stores of low-quality products from China is explained by the greed of our traders. They buy the cheapest goods from unknown and non-government controlled companies and thus try to increase their profits. Anyone who has been to China could be convinced of a wide variety of very high quality goods.
Two-valve. Cold and hot water is regulated by two separate valves. The advantages of such devices are: low price, maintainability, reliability, simplicity of the device. The duration of operation of two-valve mixers depends little on the quality of the water, and it is not satisfactory everywhere. Faucets on valves can be traditional with rubber plugs or more modern plastic faucets. Rubber ones serve for decades, withstand sand and rust, chlorine and other active compounds. To replace worn parts, if necessary, it will take a few minutes and a couple of rubles. Box-faucets are more sensitive to water quality, they do not withstand large mechanical forces during opening / closing.

Mechanisms for supplying water to the shower hose

A very important point, but few people know about it and do not pay due attention. It is the water switches that are considered the weakest point of the mixers. What are they like?

Crank. The crank end moves up/down when the body is rotated. It enters into engagement with the vertical pusher, makes it rise / fall in a special nest. At both ends of the pusher there are rubber gaskets that block in turn the holes for the water supply to the spout and to the shower head. The weak point is the crank. Due to the use in the manufacture of low-quality alloys, the contact point wears out quickly, the crank wedges and does not completely cover the hole. As a result, water simultaneously falls into both the spout and the watering can. To eliminate leaks, users make excessive efforts, which causes a complete breakdown of the mechanism.
Ball. Switching makes a ball having two holes. The rotation of the ball is carried out by the handle, during the rotation, the outlet hole in turn is combined with the holes for supplying water to the spout or shower. More reliable and easy to use mechanism. The disadvantage is that he is afraid of poor-quality water. The mechanism is also repairable.

Short spout faucets have another type of water switching mechanism, but we'll talk about that in the next article.

Mixer device

Understanding the arrangement of mixers will allow them to be installed correctly, operated for a long time and, if necessary, repaired. Most faucets are the same regardless of the principle of switching water to a spout or shower. Consider the usual domestic model.

What elements does the mixer consist of?

Rubber pads. They are used to seal the threads connecting the faucet body to water supply outlets with warm and cold water.
Frame. Made from brass with a chrome finish. The housing contains control and adjustment units, a spout and a flexible hose for a shower head are attached to it.
Valves for adjusting the water supply. May be common with rubber seals or modern crane boxes.
Crane handles. In appearance, there is a huge variety. They can sit on slots (expensive models) or squares.
Handle screws. As a rule, they are made of stainless alloys.
Screw caps. perform a function decorative elements and indicate the place of supply of hot and cold water.
Swivel long spout. It has a different shape, the length is more than 30 cm. It is attached to the body with a nut, it is kept from falling out by a thrust ring.
Spool. Switches feed warm water into the spout or shower head. The holes are covered with rubber gaskets.
Adapter. One side is screwed to the body, on the other side the flexible hose of the shower head is fixed.
Crank. Sets the gold in motion. If the switch is a ball switch, then this node is mounted in this place.
Special screw. Used to mount the crank. It has two rubber seals to prevent leakage under the handle.
Switch handle. Operates a crank, may have various options manufacturing.
Screw. Fixes the switch handle to the crank.
Decorative cap. Hides the screw head, prevents water from entering the thread.
Rubber gasket. Mounted on an adapter to seal the junction of the flexible hose with the body.
Union nut of the flexible hose of the watering can.

Knowing the features of the mixer helps to identify weaknesses and the sequence of disassembling the device during repairs.

Which brands are the most popular among users

It is impossible to list everything, and it is not necessary. The table shows well-known brands and some of their products. The difference between the species is insignificant and concerns more design than technical characteristics.

A short list of the most popular brands of bath mixers with a long spout

Brand name	Brief characteristics	approximate cost
	Universal faucet with two regulating ceramic valves. Rubber stop valve, swivel spout. Decorative chrome finish.	4400 rub.
	The control handles have branded patterns, with ceramic faucets, there is an aerator. Flexible stainless steel shower hose with gold finish.	12400 rub.
	Single lever control, ceramic cartridge. Wall mounted, with wall mounted shower head holder. Production material - brass, spout of original square geometry.	5600 rub.
	S-shaped spout, single-lever control, ceramic cartridge installed. External chrome finish, exposed tap only.	3700 rub.
	Wall mount, swivel, single lever, with ceramic cartridge.	7200 rub.
	It is not completed with a watering can, it has a ceramic cartridge. Universal purpose, for open installation. Production material - chrome-plated brass.	8400 rub.
	Two-valve universal mixer, has a cartridge. The surface is chrome-plated, the material of manufacture is brass.	4200 rub.
	Fixed on the wall, the soul does not. Adjustment single-lever, the valve of switching of the direction of a stream of water rubber.	5800 rub.
	There is a separate set for the shower head. Ceramic cartridge, single-lever switching. Mounted on the wall.	9200 rub.
	Flat spout, cartridge adjustment. wall mounting, there is an aerator.	5700 rub.

Faucet with long spout

This, of course, is far from complete list faucets with a long swivel spout. Wide range of plumbing equipment allows consumers to choose for themselves an acceptable option for the price and in any style. You can purchase both simple mechanical devices, and complex ones with automatic maintenance of water temperature within specified limits.

Faucet Spout Repair

The leak appears at the junction of the spout with the body. How to troubleshoot?

Step 1. Using a wrench, unscrew the nut that secures the spout to the body.

Check the condition of the aerator. Often the cause of leaks is banal - the aerator mesh is clogged, the water has nowhere to go, it is looking for weak points. If it is clogged, remove hard deposits and put the gander back in place. If the reason is not in it, then the repair will become somewhat more complicated.

Step 2 Using a hex or pliers, unscrew the nipple that holds the spout in the body. It consists of a brass barrel with two upper rubber gaskets installed in special grooves, a plastic retaining ring with a slot for retention, and another ring-shaped gland. The cause of the leaks is excessive wear of the rubber o-rings.

Step 3 Remove the rings, measure the fitting diameters of the grooves on the nipple and the outer diameter of the rings. Take measurements with an accuracy of 0.5 mm. If there is natural physical wear on the outside of the rings, then add a few tenths of a millimeter.

Important. Measure carefully. Too large a diameter of the new ring makes turning the spout much more difficult. In addition, a large compression force of the ring accelerates wear by an order of magnitude, the mixer will again have to be repaired.

Step 4 Put the new o-rings back in place.

Step 5 Lubricate them and the docking points with the body with any oil and install the spout into the body.

Step 6 Tighten the nut, but not too tight. It presses the plastic ring, if the allowable force is exceeded, it may crack or deform. The spout should turn with little effort.

If you do not have the opportunity to buy new rings in the store, then you can fix leaks in another way. It is, of course, less durable, but will allow you to use the bathroom for several months without problems.

To do this, remove the o-rings, clean the seats and tightly wrap several turns of adhesive tape around them. In this way, the inner diameter increases, the old ring is stretched and again tightly pressed against the nipple body.

Water Ball Switch Repair

A more complex node, if the state is running, then it cannot be repaired.

Practical advice. Start repairing the switch as soon as minor leaks appear. Otherwise, you will have to change the entire assembly, and it is very difficult to find an identical one. Manufacturers even in their mixers various models establish different mechanisms. And then what about the different brands?

Step 1. Make sure the leak is from the faucet.

Step 2 Use the tip of a knife or a small screwdriver to remove the plug. Behind it is a bolt fixing the handle, unscrew it. Leakage occurs around the switch stem as a result of heavy wear.

Step 3 Unscrew the main stem fixing nut. Be careful not to damage the large oil seal installed between it and the housing. There are two small rubber o-rings on the stem.

Step 4 Clean the surfaces of deposits, select new rings that are suitable in size.

Step 5 Remove the old rubber bands and install new ones in their place. As we said above, if it is impossible to find the same spare parts, wind tape under the landing nest.

Step 6 Before assembly, grease the surfaces with grease, you can use soap or any detergent.

These are not all the problems that can occur with a ball switch. There are cases when, when switching, water enters the spout and shower, flows from one outlet under high pressure, and drips a little from the other. The problem is in the ball joint itself.

Repair of the ball mechanism of the switch

In order to find out what type of mechanism, unscrew the socket for installing the watering can and look into the hole. If rubber gaskets are visible, the mechanism is eccentric, if the hole is ball.

Step 1. Remove the decorative cap of the switch lever, unscrew the bolt and remove the lever.

Step 2 Unscrew the upper threaded part on the mixer body, it holds the mechanism. Unscrew boldly, there are no windings there, and it is difficult to damage the rubber band.

Step 3 Put a mark on the ball with a marker, this will eliminate the appearance of problems during assembly. The fact is that if the assembly is incorrect, the directions of switching water will change or the mechanism will completely cease to function.

Step 4 Unscrew the thread on which the flexible hose of the watering can is fixed. It has the form of a short branch pipe, threaded on both sides. It must be removed carefully, otherwise the thread can be damaged. It is better to use a thin gas wrench, close the external thread with a soft cloth.

Unscrewed and removed the thread

Step 5 Remove the ball from the housing, inspect its condition. Various deposits will be visible on the surface. It is they who fall into the gap between it and the gasket, which causes water to seep.

Step 6 With fine sandpaper, very carefully clean the surface of the ball. It is better to use GOI paste, it never leaves scratches on surfaces. Clean the surface until it is shiny and perfectly smooth.

Step 7 Be sure to clean the plastic spacers that work together with the ball. If they have deep grooves, then the mechanism will have to be completely changed, it is impossible to buy gaskets separately or make them yourself. The inner gasket is not removable, clean it with your finger. The better you remove dirt, the longer the switch will last.

Step 8 Install the ball in its original place, pay attention to the correct position of the previously made marks. If you make a mistake, you will have to re-assemble the switching mechanism. Adjust the position of the ball with a small screwdriver.

Step 9 Engage the lower part and press the ball a little, but not completely, you still need to put the shift lever in place. Check the correct position of the ball again.

Step 10 Align the end of the switch actuator with the notches on the ball. Do not rush, slightly tilt the spare part in different directions several times and press it with a little effort. You should hear a click, which will indicate that the elements have matched and are installed in their seats. Make a little thread.

Turn the stem with a key

Step 12 Check the correct functioning of the mechanism and the force of the stroke. The shift knob should move with a slight tension, do not allow excessive friction between the ball and the plastic seals.

Step 13 Replace the handle. If it is on slots, then you should manually adjust its position. Take it off and put it on the slots until the full switching is done in both directions at the same angle.

This completes the repair, install the mixer in place and use the bathroom.

Let's take a quick look at the algorithm crank switch repair. Problems in switching arise due to wear of the end of the crank and the plane of its fit to the spool. Reason: the metal is weak, the efforts are quite large, wear occurs quickly. Because of it, the spool does not completely cover one of the holes. There are two ways to extend the life of the faucet.

Disassemble the mixer, remove the crank and spool. Rotate the spool 180° and assemble the mechanism. You will change the position of the water switch knob to the spout and shower, but the leaks will disappear. The fact is that due to such simple manipulations, the junction of the spool plane and the working end of the crank will change. The disadvantage of this method is that it will take some time to get used to the fact that the water switches with different movements.
The contiguity plane of the spool has a recess, and the end of the crank drive itself has become even. To fix the problem, you need to align the recess with a small file and make the end of the crank semicircular. Just do not overdo it, do not remove a thick layer of metal. Otherwise, the rotation will not be enough to tightly overlap the holes.

Video - How to disassemble and repair a flag single-lever mixer with a do-it-yourself cartridge replacement

Another cause of leaks is hard deposits on the rubber gaskets and housing sockets. Everything is simple here, clean the surfaces in any way and assemble the device. If the rubber bands have lost their elasticity due to age, then it is better to replace them with new ones. But in this case, at the same time clean the mechanism of contamination. Sooner or later, all the same, these operations will have to be performed.

Video - Bath faucet with a long spout

Back in the 19th century, a mixer was first invented that helped people not to bathe with hot water like boiling water and not to wash in ice, but to get the water element from a tap at a pleasant temperature for the body. But the modern development of technology has led to the fact that these devices have become more perfect, convenient and aesthetic. In this article, we will try to understand the wide variety of bath and sink faucets.

Basin mixers

In this case, special attention is paid to the parameters of the sink itself, because the mixer must be selected so that the water pouring from it does not fall outside of it. This parameter is influenced by the height of the mixer, as well as the parameters and appearance of the spout.

An equally important role is given to the method of attachment to the sink. The most acceptable option is to use a screw nut. A somewhat lower reliability is typical for studs. If we consider the method of switching water, there are valve and lever mixers, each of which can be considered in more detail.

Faucets for wash basins

Obtaining the required water temperature in such devices is achieved by rotating the handles located on both sides of the mixer. Considering that the role of locking elements is assigned to crane boxes, such devices have received the appropriate name.

It should be noted the existence of a worm-type crane box or devices that complement the rotary ceramic plates. The former are to some extent plugs, since the rubberized rod can partially or completely block the flow of water. While working with such a mixer, you will need to make several turns and some effort. It should be noted that imported devices have a softer effect on the gaskets, since they are characterized not by rotational, but by translational movement of the stem.

If we talk about ceramic plates in faucet boxes, then they are supplemented with holes, if they coincide, water will flow, otherwise it will not. To completely close or open such a washbasin, all half a turn is needed, therefore it is often called a half-turn.

Advantages of faucet box type mixers:

The strength and reliability of the cast body, achieved due to the absence of many moving elements;
High level of interchangeability of parts, and ease of repair;
Lower price compared to single lever products.

Disadvantages:

A variety of crane boxes can lead to errors during the purchase of a spare part, and some parts may be difficult to find;
While unscrewing the tap, both hands are used, which is not very convenient;
Large water consumption.

The main difference between single-lever (single-grip) mixers is that they are equipped with only one handle-lever, the rotation of which is carried out in two planes, due to which both pressure and water temperature are adjusted.

It is necessary to note the existence of a spherical switching mechanism (with a hollow ball located inside, supplemented with holes) and a cartridge mechanism (with ceramic rotary disks located inside).

If the parts are in the housing very tightly to each other, then the reaction to the constant inclusion of water can be quite painful. In some cases, this can even lead to a breakdown of the mixer, since even a small grain of sand can damage the discs. Filters are used to prevent this. In addition, the body itself can be swivel or molded.

Swivel body

It is characterized by the ability to rotate the spout after installing the device on the sink, which in some cases seems very convenient. For example, for directing the faucet into the bathroom or while washing the sink.

Advantages:

Ease of adjustment and use;
Minimal contamination of the mixer surface;
Long operating period, which can reach about a dozen years.

Disadvantages:

Not very high strength characteristics of the movable body, which are prone to breakage;
If the gasket is worn out, a complete replacement of the mixer will be required, since it is rather problematic to find such a part separately;
High level of sensitivity to the level of water purity.

Cast housing

Fewer moving parts lead to fewer breakdowns finished product, therefore, we can safely say that the duration of the term of operation of a solid body will be higher than that of a swivel one. In this case, only a rigidly fixed spout may need to be replaced, but in the case of such a design, it is necessary to place the switch handle on the side, which cannot be called convenient.

Advantages:

The duration of the operational period of the hull, the details of which change very simply;
All the above advantages of single-lever devices.

Disadvantages:

High level of location of cast mixers, as a result of which water can be sprayed more often;
Discomfort while using the side handle;
The sensitivity of the cartridges to various impurities in the water.

The design of such faucets is made in such a way that it is complemented by a branch to which the shower hose is connected. They also differ in the presence of a mechanism due to which the water supply is switched from the mixer to the shower and vice versa.

Crane box mixers

The composition of such mechanisms is represented by a valve and a solid body. The main differences begin in the mechanisms that switch the shower, which can have a wide variety of spouts.

Eccentric shift mechanism

Most often, this type of device is found. It functions as follows: after turning the switch knob, the stem is put into working condition, while both sides of it are supplemented with rubber plugs-gaskets. While moving in a straight line, such a rod can close one of the holes.

Advantages:

Ease of repair of the mechanism, which consists in changing the gaskets.

Disadvantages:

High degree of wear of rubber gaskets;
Breakage of serious parts requires the replacement of the entire mechanism;
Separately sold mechanisms are almost never found.

Cartridge shift mechanism

By its design, this mechanism is similar to the cartridge used in lever mixers, but its dimensions are smaller. The principle of operation is the same: the rotation of ceramic plates leads to the passage or closure of water.

Advantages:

Long operational period, not accompanied by breakdowns;
The replacement process is simplified compared to the competitor.

Disadvantages:

If a cartridge breaks, it needs to be completely replaced, since it cannot be repaired.

Ball shift mechanism

This mechanism is distinguished by the presence of a ball stopcock, complemented by a brass ball inside with perpendicular holes. Turning the switch causes the ball to lock into place and water continues to flow through the holes.

Advantages:

This model is characterized by the greatest reliability and duration of the operational period.

Disadvantages:

A breakdown of the mechanism leads to the need to purchase a new mixer.

In this case, we can talk about the similarity of the design with the above-described lever mixers. But the case for the bath-shower devices in question is in any case made cast. The main differences between them are again in the switching mechanism.

Removable shift mechanism

There are cork and rotary mechanisms, and the latter are most often preferred. A breakdown of the mechanism requires the installation of a new one, since it is non-separable.

Advantages:

Very simple search for such removable elements.

Disadvantages:

Large dimensions of the mechanism, which requires a lot of space;
Turning the spout loosens the connections.

Built-in plug mechanism

As for the eccentric device, in this case it is necessary to note the existence of a stem with rubberized plugs. The rod is set in motion by pressing the switch handle.

Advantages:

Built-in design allows you to reduce the size of the device;
Beautiful appearance.

Disadvantages:

Independent switching is possible;
Difficulties during repairs with the search for spare parts.

Integrated cartridge mechanism

Advantages:

High level of device reliability;
Ease of repair.

Disadvantages:

Impossible to repair the cartridge.

Mixers-thermostats

Considering that two handles are included in their kit, this makes it possible to quickly change the temperature and pressure. And thanks to the limit buttons on the handle, it is possible to select the necessary parameters. The subsequent inclusion of the mixer will make it possible to obtain water with the desired parameters.

Advantages:

Possibility to save water;
Ability to save the necessary parameters;
Elegance in appearance.

Disadvantages:

High level of cost.

Faucets with sensor

These are non-contact devices, for which manual activation may not be used, since they are supplemented by a motion sensor. From the user, you only need to put your hand under the mixer, and it will begin to supply water. It is possible to adjust the zone of operation of the sensor, and a small lever is used to set the temperature.

Advantages:

High level of hygiene, as a result of the lack of contact with dirty hands;
Convenience.

Disadvantages:

High level of cost.
Mixer installation locations

Built-in products, which are most often supplied with the bath, and are attached to it using special fasteners. The installation process of the central products is vertical, they can be located on the sink or kitchen sink and are easy to maintain. If we talk about wall products, then most often they are represented by bath and shower devices, which are characterized by rigid installation. They are installed near the plumbing, as a result of which the fasteners are hidden under the cladding.

spout types

The spout can be short (up to 20 cm), long (20-30 cm) and flexible. The first is used in compact sinks, the second is most often used in kitchens, as well as a flexible spout that can reach 70 cm.

Manufacturing materials

Most often, durable brass or bronze is used for mixers, but their price is quite high. In most cases brass faucets have a chrome or nickel-plated surface. Silumin, which looks similar to brass, should be discarded, because it has a very short service life.

More budget option stainless steel will be used, but its service life is not so long, but such a mixer will fit into any design.

It is impossible not to note the style of ceramic products, as well as high level their originality. Often they can be performed as fountains, but one cannot ignore the high cost and fragility of such products.

On the modern plumbing market there is a large selection of different models of faucets. Among such a variety to find suitable option quite difficult without special knowledge. Such devices differ in their design, functionality and even design. Therefore, first you need to decide on the type of mixer, and then study its other characteristics.

Main types

Today in plumbing stores there are several groups of faucets that differ in the way they are controlled.

Two Valve Models. Such a device is a faucet with two valves used to regulate the water supply. Such products were most recently the most popular, but now they have given way to another variety.

Single lever mixers

This design has a cartridge, which is a regulatory mechanism. This technical node is recognized most vulnerable in this device, because it fails due to poor water quality.

In other words, the presence of scale and rust negatively affects the condition of the cartridge. To avoid damage to the mixer, it is necessary to install household filters.

In general, such a model is chosen very often due to its stylish design, ease of use and ease of installation.

Thermostatic varieties

Such products appeared on the domestic market quite recently. The equipment compares favorably with other types of mixers with its main characteristics:

Similar designs are a special panel with a pair of handles. The first element regulates the water temperature, which will remain unchanged until you change the settings yourself, and the second is responsible for turning the water on and off.

An important difference between a thermostatic mixer - safety of use. So, the device allows you to protect a person from burns. Water with a temperature above 37 ˚ C simply does not flow. It should be noted that the equipment also provides protection against too low water temperatures. Such a function will be very valuable for people who have small children.

Sensor mixers

This type is considered most advanced. There are no levers or valves in her instructions, and a special sensor is built into the body, which is responsible for automatically turning on the water. It is enough to bring a hand or an object of a certain size closer to the tap. As soon as such an object leaves the sensor coverage area, the water flow will stop.

Similar mixers are installed in restaurants, shopping malls, cinemas and offices, which ensures the most economical water consumption. Thanks to this, it is possible reduce utility costs.

Universal Mixer

In apartments with a small bathroom, plumbing is often installed very close, so you should give preference to a universal mixer with a long spout. Its size is at least 30 cm.

Such faucets can be used both in the bath itself and in the washbasin. Despite the versatility, the demand for such equipment is gradually falling.

There are several factors to consider when choosing the right bathroom/shower faucet.

Since good equipment is quite expensive, you should decide on the amount you need. Wherein bathroom dimensions are taken into account rooms and the availability of plumbing, which involves the use of faucets. We are talking about a bath, shower, bidet and sink.

If in a small room there is only a shower stall or a bathtub with a small sink, then one faucet will do. For the cabin itself you will need special built-in product, and for a bathroom and a small washbasin, a universal design with a swivel spout is enough. Thanks to her, you can wash your hands, wash your face and even take a bath.

If the room is quite large, you should put a medium-sized sink here and purchase two faucets. Suitable for bathtub with shower universal model. It is also possible to purchase a product with a housing that assumes self-installation shower hose.

Construction types by installation method

Modern mixers can be installed in different ways. Accordingly, there are several types of such equipment.

It is worth noting that a certain mixer model is suitable for each type of bathtub, and this can cause certain difficulties in repairing the product.

Recently, faucets have appeared on the market that can be installed directly on the floor. Some models are mounted on racks or podiums. Naturally, such varieties will be quite expensive.

Device type

Plumbing for the bathroom provides for the presence of a body, a cartridge responsible for mixing water, opening mechanisms, fasteners and flexible piping. Such designs differ in the type of spout, the method of opening, as well as additional functions. Therefore, choosing such products, you can safely focus on the rating and personal preferences.

Are popular taps with spout. In this case, water will be supplied through a special tube. Such an element has a cross section of a round or rectangular shape. It is distinguished by its length and ability to turn.

On sale there are faucets without a spout, that is, products frame type. Here, after mixing, water pours out in a wide stream, resembling a waterfall. Similar models are suitable for a shower stall, as well as sinks. In a bathroom with a shower, they will also be appropriate. Exist floor cascade models that look effective. Their cost is very high.

Most modern bathtub shower faucets are equipped with a special watering can and hose. Similar variety considered multifunctional. So, each mixer has a special button that switches the mode.

Accordingly, water will be supplied either to the spout or to the shower hose. Naturally, such models are not suitable for installation on a washbasin.

Material and design

To create modern mixers are used mainly metal alloys. Finished construction covered with a layer of enamel or chrome. The most durable and reliable are contour devices that have an internal nickel and external chrome plating.

Due to the presence of a layer of nickel construction corrosion is not terrible, and chromium will protect the product from harmful microorganisms. The cartridge and other internal elements are made of cermet or ceramic.

Chrome faucets, made of brass alloy, are considered the most resistant to mechanical stress. Guarantee period operation of such a structure is at least 5 years.

Necessary take into account the shade and design bathroom. If you pay attention to such factors, then the product will fit perfectly and become the highlight of the room. Today, the most relevant are cubic, as well as elongated shapes without special decorations or bulky elements. Most modern models dominated by rounded edges and soft curves.

If we talk about colors, then traditionally faucets made by bronze or chrome. Also on sale you can find models with an imitation of a granite surface. Such products are in harmony with colored baths.

Today, there are many models made by domestic and foreign companies on the market. The most reliable is plumbing from German company Grohe. Such equipment is different durability and strength.

In addition, each mixer is subjected to several checks during the manufacturing process. It should be noted that after the production of any model, spare parts for it are produced for 10 years.

In addition to Grohe, the following brands have proven themselves well in the domestic market: Oras, Wasser Kraft, Damixa and Hansa. The mixers of these companies are distinguished by their strength and affordable price.

Installation of the mixer is considered a fairly simple task. Even an inexperienced person can handle it. Naturally, it is first necessary to dismantle the previous mixer.

It is also worth noting that the hole for such equipment in most cases is standard, so the installation scheme of the structure will be identical.

The work is carried out in several stages.

The mixer is installed on a special rack located above the mounting holes. The product is fixed with a nut.
The hoses are carefully passed into a special hole, and then they must be sealed with rubber gaskets. After that, the structure is fixed with nuts.
The next stage involves joining the flanks with pipes. These elements are firmly fixed with nuts.

After completing the work, it is necessary make sure the structure is stable.

Choosing a mixer is a responsible task. If you consider everything before buying important points, you can get a really high-quality product. To extend its service life, it is worth taking a responsible approach not only to the choice, but also to the installation of the mixer.