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Do-it-yourself garden house from a bar. Timber frame - installation instructions. Foundation work

I studied the Internet for a long time on the subject of how to build an inexpensive warm house. The most tempting were wooden ones, such are being built in Western Europe and Canada, for summer residence. Having studied the issue, it turned out that such houses are perfect for our winter. But then a dilemma arose, which house is better from a bar or a frame one? After reading the Internet, I phoned a friend from Canada, he is engaged in construction frame houses from a bar, received a clear consultation - you need to build a wooden frame house from a beam. It's cheap, fast and economical. The choice was made, the same friend helped to develop the project, it remained for me to draw up an estimate, and at the end of August construction began.

I'll start in order at the beginning of the summer of 2010, I bought a plot, there was a desire to build a house and move to a quiet suburb. I want to say in advance that the construction was delayed and the foundation poured in October 2010 stood for almost two years and only in the summer of 2012 we continue to work. Below pictures frame house from a bar made in the course of work.

Timber frame house project

Having already left half of the construction behind, I can say with confidence that it is easier to calculate all the dimensions in advance and foresee the occurrence possible problems on paper, without further suffering on the construction site adjusting materials. And there is no difficulty in finding a finished project of a frame house from a bar on the Internet, something special can be ordered from the appropriate organization. Do not save, it will return to you with the absence of problems at the construction site and a beautiful frame country house made of timber.

Ground floor layout:

Second floor:

This is what the garden looked like before construction began. Everything on it is like on our project of a frame house made of timber. Marking was carried out for the place where the water supply enters the house and the place where the sewerage leading to our septic tank exits. Highly important point do not forget to do all this at once and the price of a frame house made of timber will be much lower when carrying out work before pouring the foundation.

We have a tape house 600 mm deep and 300 mm wide, the house is light and does not carry such a load on the foundation as a brick one, so it could be done on piles - it is a little cheaper, but I decided not to save money on making a tape one, it is more reliable.

This is how blocks of 12 mm rebar look like - the basis of our foundation.

12 mm rebar was taken as a basis. Triangular blocks were assembled from it and poured with concrete to the ground level.

We pour concrete into the formwork.

The next stage is the laying of concrete blocks, we make three rows.

Passages between our rooms and ventilation ducts, or air ducts, it seems that they are called scientifically, begin to emerge. This is how frame houses are built from timber with their own hands.

The costs at this stage of the construction of our frame house are:

Septic tank, overflow, two wells with four rings each (material and work). 29000 rubles.

Installation of sewerage from the house to the septic tank (material and work). 6500 rubles

Foundation materials (rebar, concrete, blocks, cement and sand). 70,000 rubles.

Foundation pouring work. 70,000 rubles.

At the first stage it was spent. 175,500 rubles.

2010 prices.

Do-it-yourself frame house from a bar, continued 2012, June

After a long break, I begin again the construction of a country frame house from a bar, since the foundation managed to stand, almost two years have passed. I bought timber, 20 cubic meters of lumber were purchased, according to the estimate, this should have been enough to build a frame without rafters. very carefully, for this I even had to buy a device to measure the moisture content of wood. It is not so easy to buy a normal tree in our forest-rich country. The quality of the wood leaves much to be desired, both in terms of humidity and inconsistencies in size. So I had to travel around a huge number of warehouses and literally each one for moisture, but in the end, 20 cubic meters of dry wood were still bought.

So, the foundation was left in this state for a year and a half, we continue the construction of a frame house from a turnkey timber.

The first day.

We proceed to the lower harness, coat the top of the foundation bituminous mastic- the sticky thing does not really get dirty, then you can’t wash off and covered it with TechnoNikolevsky waterproofing. In the future, this should prevent rotting. wooden base prefabricated timber frame house.

Almost 20 cubes of lumber were purchased, according to calculations, this should have been enough for the frame of the box, without rafters.

Begin bottom harness.

On the lower trim there is a beam 200/200 along the outer walls and 200/100 along the internal partitions.

Before laying the entire beam on the strapping, we coat it with Velux fire and bioprotection, there was also one can of Senezh, it was also spent.

In total, it took 15 liters of fire and bioprotection to lubricate the lower trim.

This is how the construction of a frame house from a bar with your own hands looks like, the end of the first day of work.

Second day.
We install the first rack.

We put a beam 200/200 on the main (corner) racks.

Second and third racks.

All frame racks country house from a bar we have 200/200 mm.

A little more and the frame of the walls on the first floor is ready.

On intermediate walls, timber 100/200, in increments of 1 meter, depending on the location of windows and internal walls there are gaps more or less.

We connect the timber to the corners 105/90 mm.

The floor joists on the first and second floor are supported by 185/50 brackets, 2 mm thick galvanized steel.

Racks 200/200 are installed on dowels, which are sawn from cuttings for rakes.

The result of the third day: construction - the frame of the first floor is 70% ready

The whole fourth day we were busy with the bay window, finished it.

They put a partition in the corridor and a partition between the walls of two rooms on the first floor.

Approximately a third of the second floor was closed with lags.

Well, and a few more photos of a frame house made of timber, nodes and general views:

Gradually, we change part of the temporary jibs to permanent ones.

The connection of the beam on the bay window.

Of the fasteners, it was purchased and has not yet been fully used up:

Nails 80, 100, 150 and 200 mm, 10 kg of each type.

Self-tapping screws yellow 5/50 11 kg.

Reinforced corners 105/105/90 350 pieces.

Staples under the logs (it is also a beam support) about 200 pieces.
They are available under the 50th board and the 100th beam, under the 10th we use in the bay window area, there is a larger opening and the lags are not from the 50/200 board, but from the 100/200 beam.

Day five ahead...

It is already clear that 2 bars 200/200 and one cube of board 50/200 were not enough, tomorrow I will go to buy more. What will be the price of a frame house made of timber, additional costs appear.

Which house is better from timber or frame

I think I'm not the only one wondering which house is better from a bar or a frame one. No specialist can unequivocally answer this question, I decided for myself that the house is being built for certain needs and capabilities of a person. Definitely, a huge plus of a frame house is its price, construction speed and savings on heating. A wooden frame house made of timber also has its advantages - the speed of construction and relative cheapness. True, a truly warm house will still be more expensive than a frame one, because the thermal conductivity of a tree is three times less than basalt wool or other modern heaters. The cost of a turnkey frame house is much less than that of a bar, but it will be useful to pay attention to compliance with all construction standards. Considering the current situation in the construction market, I observe a blatant non-compliance with all the norms of the technical process, this is both non-compliance with GOSTs in relation to wood moisture, and the use of materials that do not correspond to their purpose OSB boards. Only one conclusion suggests itself - look for a conscientious contractor or build it yourself.

My opinion on the issue of choosing a house, whether it is brick, frame or made of timber, any house in which it is comfortable to live and there is enough money for its maintenance can be considered good.

Day five.

Bought the missing beam.
What is the trouble when buying a bar in different places - the size walks noticeably. In the first purchase, the timber was 190/190, now exactly 200/200.
There will be a lot of leveling later during interior decoration ...

So, today we made doorways.

All the windows of the frame house made of timber were beaten off in height. True, for some reason, with a 50/200 board instead of a 100/200 mm beam. I will find out tomorrow.

Racks installed in the hallway.
Beam 100/150 mm.
The corridor is wide, almost 3 meters. On the second floor, a room will turn out from a part of the corridor.

The floor joists for the second floor were laid.
Again, board 50/200. In the area of ​​the bay window 100/200 mm.
In the background is a window opening in the bathroom.

They put jibs on the corner posts in the rooms.

And lags in the corridor area.

Total: the frame of the first floor and 2 floors, met in 5 working days.

So, day 6.

We go to the second floor. Board 150/25, which, in fact, the crate, was raised from the first floor to the second. Because you have to walk on something.
Then she will move to the third floor and then to the roof and become, in fact, a crate. We install poles 200/200 on the second floor.

We continue ...

We cover the strapping of the second floor.

And a few photos directly from the second floor.

Closely spaced racks are load-bearing (a rack above a rack and additional racks that will have windows)

Upper trim of the second floor.

Everything, the sixth day of construction is completed ...

Frame house from a bar photo of the second floor

In the photographs you can see an almost completely finished frame of the house. The seventh and eighth days of rain for half a day, the pace of construction has decreased, but nevertheless, we are moving. I think in a day another roof will be ready.

Put up racks in the hallway

Photo of a frame house made of timber, this is how the partitions between the rooms look like.

Part of the room with a bay window:

The bay window itself has not yet been tied up, there is a lot of fuss with it, I can immediately say.
Keep in mind, who has a bay window in the project, that assembling its frame is a creative activity, but it can increase the price of a frame house from a bar ...
Although this is not a reason to refuse it. We lay floor logs between the second floor and the attic.

First, we drill a bracket with 5/50 (yellow!) Self-tapping screws to the log:

And we put it in a pre-marked place.
Since we do not have a residential attic, no one will especially walk on it, we use a 50/10 mm board here.
The length of the opening is 3.40 meters. Laying step lag - 60 cm.

And yet, they laid out two spans:

Assembled the bay window frame:

9th day of building a frame house from a bar with your own hands.
Lost at least 1 day due to rain.

I bought another cube of wood today, I didn’t have enough for racks and logs.

The fixing angle and 100 nails are over, tomorrow I will go to the purchase. By the way, the reinforced mounting bracket, 105/105/90, in our Shchelkovsky district costs no less than 40 rubles. apiece, the manufacturer has it, 17 rubles.
I have to go to Mytishchi tomorrow, it's not a budgetary overpayment.

We cover the frame with fire protection with a tinted effect.
By the way, I strongly do not recommend taking a colorless one - you are tormented to remember where you painted and where not.

We go out onto the roof, on the floor we lay a tighter board 25/150, which will then go to the crate.

We cover all boards for rafters, counter-battens and battens with fire protection on the ground - it's easier and less consumption.
2 hours - and the first rafters are standing :)

We continue - a skate and a couple more rafters:

Well, and a traditional wreath on the first rafter.

Work continues on the truss system:

And immediately we sew the pediment with a board 25/150

And we proceed to sheathing the house with the same inch:

Here the daughter will grow up and will say - “Do you remember, dad, how I helped you build a house?” :)

On the second floor, this happens with the help of a three-section staircase, with a total length of 6.80 meters.

Meanwhile, the rafters were covered with waterproofing and a crate was laid:

This is what the house looks like in August 2012.
We are waiting for metal tiles and windows.

The greenish color is not a glitch of your monitor, it is the treatment of the boards with a bioprotective preparation.

We wrap the house in a windproof membrane. We use Tyvek Housewarp.

In the meantime, the roof was delivered.

Grand Line, velor, color RR-32

Ridge, wide lower valleys, upper overlays for valleys, cornice strips:

The weather is of course tin ... Rain alternates with frosts ...

Roof installation took 10 days.

Here is the result:

The price of a frame house from a bar at the time of construction

So, from a bar:

2010 prices:

Overflow septic tank, consisting of two wells with 4 rings each - 29,000 rubles. along with work.

pad sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank - 6500 rubles. (work and the pipe itself).

Foundation materials (concrete, reinforcement, blocks, sand and cement) - 70,000 rubles.

Foundation work - 70,000 rubles.

Zero cycle in total: 175,500 rubles.

Prices for 2012:

Walling, rafter system, roofing and its installation 670,000 rubles.

Which house is better from a bar or a frame one - of course.

We start the 2013 construction season with the order and installation of windows, approximately at the beginning of February.

If you have an idea to build a house with your own hands, then the difficulty of choosing the material will be relevant.

The most budget option would be to build a house from a bar. With all the cheapness of this material, the house will turn out to be quite warm, durable and strong.

Having studied the Internet, you will find that in most cases it is advised to choose a bar with a section of 150x150 mm.

But in the event that you do not want to attract additional labor, lumber such as dry timber 150x100 mm is suitable for you, which, after erection and shrinkage, can be insulated with mineral wool. The house will not be inferior in terms of thermal insulation to other buildings from a beam of a larger section.

Stages of construction and construction of the foundation

And so, the material is purchased, we proceed to the construction of the house:

  • Initially, it is necessary to clear the space and level the platform for the foundation;
  • In accordance with the composition of the soil, determine the type of foundation (specialized reference literature will help with this).

The foundation can be piled, monolithic or tape, which is more often used, because wooden houses are relatively light.

After installing the foundation, the concrete should gain strength (3-4 weeks), then proceed to laying the timber. Even before laying, it is necessary to prepare dowels (dowels) - this is what is used to fasten the timber laid in the crowns together. They are usually made of dense wood (larch).

With a beam size of 150x100 mm, dowels about 12 cm long are suitable. Also, the beam laying technology requires laying interventional insulation. Usually this roll materials type of jute, you can also use tow or moss.

According to the advice of experts, fresh red or peat moss should be used, which has lain for no more than 3 weeks.

The first crown of the future home should be made of larch, which is not subject to decay. For greater reliability, it can be treated with bitumen.

The bar of the first crown is fastened together, with a technique known as “half a tree” - at the ends of the bar, a cut is made along and across. It is also necessary to fasten such a knot with staples or nails.

Ways of fastening the beam to the foundation

At the stage of pouring the base, bolts with bent or cone-shaped bases are mounted in its upper layer. The distance between such bolts should not exceed more than 0.5 m. Each element of the first crown should have at least two bolts.

In the beam of the first crown, even before laying, it is necessary to drill holes for the studs located in the foundation.

A pre-cut roofing material is laid on top of the grillage, which acts as a waterproofing material.

After laying the first crown and fixing it on the foundation studs with washers and lock nuts, bring the horizontal level so that the house turns out without distortions. It is also recommended to check the diagonals.

Having laid the first crown, we proceed to the construction of walls.

To do this, you will need a variety of tools:

Note!

  • Petrol or electric saw;
  • Hand circular saw;
  • Drill;
  • Level;
  • Roulette;
  • Axe;
  • A hammer;
  • Screwdriver;
  • Perforator;
  • Plane.

Also needed expendable materials- nails, self-tapping screws, interventional insulation, fire and bioprotective impregnations.

After preparing all the necessary materials and tools, we proceed to the construction of the walls of your future home. The timber is laid in rows (crowns) until the wall of the required height is obtained.

After laying 4-5 crowns, jambs for door and window openings are installed. At the next stage, the final construction of the walls under the roof takes place.

Roof and floor construction

We strongly do not recommend saving on material for installing a roof. This part of the house can be executed in several versions:

  • Shed;
  • gable;
  • hip;
  • Tent;
  • Half hip;
  • Multi-forceps;
  • Vaulted and tambourine roofing.

It all depends on your desire, money and the complexity of the truss system.

Note!

Floors and ceilings in the house is also not an unimportant stage of construction. When arranging them, they are mainly guided by personal preferences, but high-quality waterproofing is mandatory for any manufacturing option. This is especially true for basements and plinths.

Do-it-yourself photo of a house from a bar

Note!

Beam - universal environmentally friendly construction material, economical and easy to use. Due to these qualities, it is often used for the construction of houses on personal plot. The strategy for building such houses is simple, does not require a lot of time and is accessible even to an inexperienced builder. Consider phased construction do-it-yourself log houses, paying attention to the nuances and difficult moments.

Material selection

The construction of a country house from a bar must begin with the choice of material. The speed and technology of construction depends on which timber will be chosen for the future home. Building a house from dried or glued profiled timber will not take much time, but the financial costs will be higher. For gluing such a bar, a special waterproof glue is used, which does not prevent the wood from breathing.

Houses made of raw timber are considered a budget option, but they require a long (about a year) shrinkage of the frame, only after which you can start laying the roof.

Create a project

Before starting construction, it is necessary to determine the size of the house and its area, draw up a project and calculate the amount required material. It is important to take into account the thickness of the beam. Standard section dimensions - from 100x100 mm to 200x200 mm. The most common and convenient is a bar with a section of 150x150 mm.

When designing, it should be borne in mind that the standard length of the beam is 6 m, so if one of the sides of the house is longer than 6 m, then the beam will need to be joined along the length.

Foundation and floor laying

The construction of a house from a bar begins with the creation of a lower trim - a crown, which is laid out on a foundation that has been leveled and treated with waterproofing. For external walls, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm is used, and for floor beams and internal partitions - 100x50 mm. After laying, the first crown must be treated with an antiseptic, as it is most susceptible to the development of wood defects.

At the next stage, floor logs are mounted, it is advisable to lay them on edge. A draft floor is laid on the logs, which is covered with thermal insulation on both sides. For the subfloor, boards with a section of 25x150 mm are selected. On the last step the floor is finally lined from any material, for example, a tongue-and-groove board with a thickness of 28 or 36 mm.

Walling

Wall construction wooden house is reduced to the alternate laying out of rows of timber. Each row or crown is attached to each other using a dowel - a pin for vertical connection. The dowels prevent the beam from shifting and twisting. They can be made of metal or wood of the same species as the house. Metal dowels securely tighten the timber, but they cost more than wooden ones.

The installation of dowels takes place according to the principle brickwork- through 2-3 crowns through one. To do this, holes with a diameter of 3-4 cm are drilled, into which the dowels will be inserted effortlessly. The recommended distance between pins is 1.5 m.

Between the rows of timber, it is necessary to lay a sealant, which can be used as a flax jute cloth or tow.

At the junctions of the outer walls, it is recommended to use the "warm corner" lock. The essence of this method is as follows: a spike of a certain size is cut in one beam, and a groove with the same parameters is cut in the other. Different layers of timber alternate with grooves and spikes. This method of connection allows you to get the most rigid structure, and make the corners windproof. Tckb vs we are building a house with our own hands from a beam of one and a half floors, then the walls of the second floor need to be raised by 1200-1500 mm, depending on the steepness of the planned roof.

Partitions cut into the main walls of the house. For their construction, a bar with a section of 100x150 mm is used. Installation of partitions is carried out only after the construction of the log house. If dimensions two-story house exceed 6 by 6 m, then it is necessary to have at least one partition on the first floor, which will become an additional support for the floor of the second floor.

If it is necessary to reduce construction costs, then internal partitions can be made frame. In this case, a frame is created from bars with a section of 50x50 mm or 40x40 mm, which is then sheathed with clapboard or any other material.

To increase the fire resistance of a wooden house, all its structures are treated with flame retardant. It is enough to apply it on the walls with a paint brush or spray gun.

roof construction

Various materials can be used to cover the roof: roofing material, ondulin, metal tiles, corrugated board, etc. The main rule is to start with the insulation of the last or attic floor and gradually move on to the roofing material.
Ceiling beams, lathing and rafters are installed in accordance with the design of the future roof. After the walls are built, the ceiling logs are laid, which should protrude 50 cm beyond the base of the wall. A beam with a section of 150x100 mm is selected for the log. They are laid out on edge at a distance of 90 cm from each other.

Then, a truss system is assembled from boards with a section of 50x150 mm. The structure serves as the skeleton of the roof, so it must be rigidly reinforced with struts, braces and crossbars. The rafters are mounted in increments of no more than 1 m. After installing the frame, laying out the fronts begins. The fronts can be made of timber with a section of 150x150 mm, siding, or simply hammered in with a board of 25x150 mm. At the last stage, a crate with a section of 25x150 mm is nailed to the rafters. The step of the crate should not be more than 400 mm.

To prevent the accumulation of condensate, it is necessary to perform a vapor barrier using a waterproofing layer. If slate is used to cover the roof, and the attic is blown through, then waterproofing can be abandoned.

window blocks

In places where windows are provided, technological openings are cut out through which air moves during the drying of the material. After the final shrinkage of the house, the installation of windows is carried out. Window blocks for a house made of timber can be wooden or metal-plastic.

Video - how to build a country house from a bar?

In this video story, the technology of self-construction of a house from a bar is considered in detail, the main difficult points that an independent developer may encounter are analyzed. After watching the plot, questions about how to build a house from a bar on your own should no longer remain.

After a week of work and the bustle of the city, I want to relax in the bosom of nature, breathe fresh air. Perfect option- a small suburban area with a house. Often, dachas are simply called land plots that are distributed to citizens for growing crops. Sooner or later, the owner of such a plot has a desire to have a house where you can relax after work in the beds, spend a weekend in nature. Hiring a team is expensive, a simple summer house small sizes you can build it yourself.

How to build a country house without outside help?

Thinking about a house suburban area, you should decide whether they will live in it temporarily during the summer season or it is possible to live in it throughout the year. It depends on how much money will go to the construction site. For year-round living, it is necessary to build a capital building with communications and heating. This requires a lot of money and manpower.

If only seasonal accommodation is planned, then you can build a house with your own hands. At first glance, it may seem that this is a complex and difficult task for a person who is far from construction. But, starting to deal with the nuances of construction, it is clear that it is possible to gain construction experience during construction, if there is a desire.

There are several technologies that allow you to easily and quickly build a small country house ik. The simplest and most cost-effective technology is frame construction. It allows you to build a house yourself without outside help. This is the most cheap option when choosing materials, as second-hand materials can be used. True, they must be of high quality so that the structure lasts a long time. Another plus frame construction is the speed. If you make an effort, then you can build a house for finishing in a season.

What material is suitable for the walls of the cottage - choose the appropriate options

The construction market has a large selection various materials from which you can build walls. The choice depends on the preferences of the developer, the purpose of the future home and operating conditions. For country house low-cost, easy-to-assemble materials that do not require a solid foundation should be selected. Consider several options for such building materials:


You can build a country house from other materials. For example, you can use building materials from a dismantled house if they are in a condition suitable for construction. But when you should correctly calculate all the loads.

It must be remembered that the heavier the walls, the stronger the foundation needs to be made.

Layout - convenience and ease of use

Any construction consists of stages and begins with design. Even a simple country house needs a plan and a construction project. In a country house, there must be a kitchen, which can be combined with a living room for the sake of space saving, dividing the rooms with a light partition. If a second floor is planned, then it is better to place bedrooms on it. For summer cottage good option An additional area for relaxation is the veranda.

After designing, the next steps involve:

  • Floor installation.
  • Site preparation for construction and foundation.
  • Walling.
  • and ceiling.
  • External and internal finishing works.

Each stage requires certain knowledge and skills. Therefore, before embarking on a particular type of work, you should study the nuances associated with their implementation.

How to make a strong foundation and save money?

Having decided on the place where the house will be located, you need to spend preparatory work under the foundation. To do this, stumps are uprooted, bushes are removed, the upper fertile layer of the earth is removed and the surface under the foundation is leveled. Then, using a tape measure and a corner, markings are made for future corners and walls. In place of the corners, pegs are driven in, and threads are stretched between them, limiting the size of the pit. The depth of laying the foundation should be below the freezing depth. Usually a pit is dug to a depth of about a meter.

Since a light foundation is needed, it can be made from railway sleepers. At the bottom of the pit, first of all, a geotextile fabric should be laid - dornite 150. It is used as an additional reinforcing layer, as well as preventing the penetration of capillary moisture to the structures of the house. Next, sand is poured in several layers, each of which is well compacted. A layer of gravel or crushed stone is arranged on top of the sand. At the next stage, sleepers are laid on the concrete layer, which are tied together. Then the structure is poured with concrete.

For small house fit strip foundation from concrete. To do this, you need to dig trenches about 50 cm wide around the perimeter of the house and internal walls, install the formwork, lay reinforcement in it and pour it with concrete. The foundation must stand for about 3-4 weeks for the concrete to gain strength.

More solid, but also more expensive. It can be used if it is planned to build a basement. Blocks in this case will play the role of walls. The ceiling can be made of slabs or a reinforced frame can be arranged, formwork can be built and poured with concrete.

A popular foundation for light frame houses is a columnar foundation. A sufficient diameter of the pillars will be 30 -40 cm. The pillars are either dug into the ground to a depth below the freezing depth, or installed on a solid foundation directly on the ground. Be sure to install corner posts. Intermediate put at a distance of 2-3 m from each other.

The floor is made of tongue-and-groove boards laid on the foundation. First, a draft floor is arranged. Beams are laid along the perimeter of the installed pillars. Then you should install the cross beams on opposite posts. Thus, a subfloor frame is created. Beams can be made of wood, metal, concrete - depending on the financial capabilities and preferences of the developer. A moisture-resistant insulation is laid between the lags, and a flooring. An easier way to arrange the floor - concrete screed.

Reliable and warm walls - the longevity of the structure

The easiest house to give - a house with frame walls.The technology of building walls is simple:

  1. 1. To protect the walls from moisture, two layers of roofing material are laid on top of the foundation. The first on the foundation is laid out the strapping of the timber. At the ends, the beam is half-cut to connect the beams to each other at the corners.
  2. 2. Next, you need to install the support posts in the corners. For stability, they are temporarily strengthened with jibs.
  3. 3. Racks along the walls are installed at a distance of 50 cm from each other and also fixed. Window and door blocks are attached to the support posts.
  4. 4. After all the beams have been positioned, it is necessary to fix the upper strapping beam and secure all the posts well. To one support post, you need to attach two slopes to the beam of the lower trim and two slopes to the trim from above. The installation of the bars must be checked building level to prevent vertical and horizontal deviations.
  5. 5. Outside, the walls of the frame must be covered with a special windproof and waterproofing film, which, in turn, is fastened with a counter-lattice.
  6. 6. From above, the walls are sheathed either with OSB boards or with plywood sheets that are resistant to moisture.

Simultaneously with the frame of the walls, the frame of the ceiling is made. Beams are installed around the perimeter, and then transverse beams are installed. At the stage of interior decoration, the ceiling is sheathed with plywood, drywall or other finishing material.

Roof - reliable protection from the weather

For a country house, a simple roof is best suited - shed. But if there is a desire to have a large attic space, which, if desired, can be landscaped and get additional usable area, then you need to mount a gable roof.

A truss system is installed for the roof. It consists of several farms. It is more convenient to assemble individual parts of the roof on the ground using a template. After the individual elements are assembled, they begin to install the rafters and install trusses on them. First, a facade truss is installed. The correctness of the installation is checked by the building level. Then the facade truss is attached with slopes. A similar truss is installed at the opposite end of the roof, and is also temporarily fixed with slopes.

A cord is stretched between the installed extreme trusses, along which all intermediate structures are installed. When all the trusses are installed, their lower ends are stapled to the floor beams. From above the farm is fixed with a ridge beam. The outer part of the roof is covered with a windproof and moisture-proof film, on top of which a counter-lattice is mounted.

The roofing material should be selected before the roof is installed, as the manufacturer of the roofing material specifies which truss system is needed. To avoid problems when working with roofing materials, when buying them, you should take a laying scheme. The roof can be made from ondulin, shingles, slate or any other roofing material that will be most beneficial.

Cottage for a summer residence - comfort for the soul

During construction, it is important to treat all the wooden elements of the house with special chemicals that protect the wood from decay, fungus, biological effects, and increase fire safety.

When the walls and roof are ready, the exterior and interior decoration remains. A budget option facade decoration– painting OSB boards oil paint. Siding is another attractive finishing material. With it, you can give the house a beautiful appearance and choose the color of your choice. The slats are easily attached to the frame of the house with screws.

For facing the slopes of windows and doors, you can use the remaining sheathing boards. Window openings should be carefully processed with a jigsaw and planer. Window slopes should be sheathed wooden slats 19 mm wide. Facing boards from the outside are nailed to the slopes. If it is necessary to insulate the walls, then it is better to carry it out from the outside so as not to take up the usable area inside the house. Inexpensive and easy to install insulation is mineral wool.

To conduct electricity, you need a waterproof power cable, which is better to run underground. To protect the cable from damage, it must be laid at a depth of at least 60 cm, sprinkled with sand on top with a layer of about 10 cm. To protect the cable from shovels when digging, it is better to put a protective film and bricks on top.

If there is no extensive experience in electrical work, then it is better to entrust the wiring of electricity to specialists.


interior decoration you can create an atmosphere of comfort and peace, where you would like to relax and unwind. Therefore, despite the fact that the dacha is a seasonal habitat, I want it to be cozy and comfortable at home. This is achieved by the interior and furnishings corresponding to the chosen style. Often frame houses are sheathed with clapboard from the inside. For small dacha fit rustic style. Furniture can also be made with your own hands, then the house will be filled with home warmth. The more work you do with your own hands, the cheaper the construction will be.

If you prepare in advance all the materials necessary for the construction of a frame house, then you can build a house on your own in one summer season. Finishing work can be done gradually, as far as possible, the main thing is to build a box at home and install a roof. The better the work is done, the longer the house will last.

The need to build a compact house may arise due to different reasons. For example, such a small design is perfect for placement in a summer cottage that is not used for permanent residence. In a small house it will be possible to change clothes comfortably, fold things and spend the night.

Of course, ready-made change houses are sold on the market, but the quality of their workmanship often leaves much to be desired, and the cost is definitely overpriced. For the same money, you can build a great little house on your own.

There is nothing difficult in self-construction of a compact structure. Follow the guide and everything will definitely work out.

Any construction must begin with planning, without which the construction will take much more time, finances and effort. There is a possibility that finished construction built without a plan will not meet your needs and expectations.

For a small house, it is not necessary to draw up detailed documentation with many drawings. Even a simple sketch will suffice, indicating the main dimensions, communications and other design features.

First think over the order of the internal organization of the future small house. Will he have only one room, or will there be enough space for arranging a small kitchen and a small bathroom? At this point, be guided by your personal preferences and capabilities.

For example, many prudent owners use a very interesting trick: they raise the ceiling and equip a sleeping place in the attic. This solution allows you to significantly save usable space.

It is recommended to pay special attention to the experience of the Japanese. Even on several square meters they manage to place everything you need to create a comfortable and cozy environment, because even a mini house is still a house in which it is definitely more convenient than on the street.

This guide will give instructions for building a fairly simple little house. Approximately 75% of the space will be occupied by living quarters, and the remaining space will be used for placing a pantry and dry closet.

If with free space everything is very complicated, you can make separate entrances to the mentioned premises from the street. If there are no such problems with free space, and you don’t want to constantly go outside, equip the entrance to the technical room from the living quarters.

Make changes to the plan if you wish. For example, instead of a pantry, you can equip a kitchenette with a table, a couple of folding chairs or small stools and a compact stove.

After the approval of the plan, proceed directly to the implementation of construction activities. Start by arranging the foundation.

Foundation

For the construction of a small house, the simplest foundation of blocks is perfect. Highly interesting solution invented by Western private developers. They create a foundation block with four channels. A reinforcing bar is inserted into each of these channels. The rods themselves are driven into the ground. As a result, the block is securely attached to the ground.

In the project under consideration, the foundation will consist of six such blocks. You will place four blocks at the corners of the future building, the remaining two - under the internal partition.

You can make blocks yourself from concrete or buy them in ready-made.

Dig a hole 200 mm deep with sides corresponding to the dimensions of the blocks.

Fill the hole with a 20 cm layer of sand and gravel. Pack the pillow carefully.

Install the blocks and insert the reinforcement in accordance with the recommendations given earlier.

Cover the blocks with a layer of roofing material.

Make sure that the blocks are installed evenly and proceed to the implementation of further planned activities.

floor laying

First step

Install the bottom trim. Make it from a beam with a section of 15x15 cm. To connect the strapping bars, use a convenient mounting option. You can, for example, connect them using the tongue and groove method with additional reinforcement with glue and bolts.

Second step

Lay on top of the strapping a platform previously assembled from a 15x5 cm board.

Third step

Sew up the platform with plywood.

Fourth step

Turn the resulting box over and place the insulation in it.

Fifth step

Sew up the insulation with a double layer of plywood. Lay plywood 1.2 cm thick along the box, 0.9 cm thick across the box. As a result, the floor will have a thickness of 2.1 cm. Use PVA glue to fasten the plywood layers.

sixth step

From all sides, sew up the platform with roofing material.

On this floor is ready. If you wish, you can additionally trim it with other material to your taste.

Linoleum is perfect for finishing the floor.

First step

Treat the timber and boards intended for the construction of walls with an antiseptic.

Second step

Assemble the frame of the planned dimensions.

Third step

Set up the top harness.

Fourth step

Sheathe the entire structure with plywood.

Fifth step

Attach the windscreen to the outside of the walls. At the same time, this material will perform the functions of waterproofing.

In the process of building walls, do not forget to leave openings for mounting doors and double-glazed windows.

Arrangement of the roof structure

The roof structure must be such that in the future, when the door is opened, the roof overhang does not touch. To comply with this rule, the slope of the roof slope must be 25 degrees.

First step

Install rafters. To do this, use boards 10x5 cm. Use corners and self-tapping screws to fasten the boards.

Second step

Mount the roof ridge. For its manufacture, use a board 15x5 cm.

Third step

Additionally fasten the roof rafters with 10x2.5 cm puffs.

Fourth step

Attach 0.9 cm plywood to the rafters.

Fifth step

Lay on top of the finished base preferred roofing material. Good fit flexible tile. This is a relatively light material with good performance properties. At the same time, the roof of a small house will have a small area, so you will not spend a lot of money on finishing material.

Doors and double-glazed windows

To create a healthy microclimate in the room, even if it is very small, you need to install windows. It is better to provide places for placing double-glazed windows even at the frame assembly stage.

To determine the optimal total window area, divide the floor area of ​​your small house by 5. Divide the resulting value by the number of windows you need.

If you are planning to equip your small house with a bathroom and a kitchen, consider in advance the arrangement of furniture so that the windows do not interfere with the normal use of the house in the future, but are a useful addition.

If possible, windows should be placed facing southeast, as there is very little sunlight on the north side, and low western sunlight is bad for the eyes.

Doors can be bought ready-made or you can make your own. It is enough to assemble the frame, fill the voids with thermal insulation (mineral wool is perfect), sheathe the frame with plywood and upholster it with the desired material.

wall decoration

External

Proceed to exterior finish walls.


Internal

Proceed to interior decoration.

  1. Fix a layer of heat-insulating material.
  2. Cover the insulation with a layer of vapor barrier.
  3. Close the walls with clapboard.

On this wall decoration is ready. After that, it is recommended to start arranging the ceiling and make the porch to your taste. These activities are best done before the start of the arrangement of the roof structure.

Furnish and technical equipment of a small house, do it to your taste.

Ceiling finish

  1. Cover the ceiling with vapor barrier material.
  2. Fix the thermal insulation material.
  3. Sheathe the ceiling with insulating layers of clapboard.

You can lay boards in the attic. At this point, focus on the specifics of your particular situation, taking into account exactly how you will use your attic.

Necessary communications

If necessary, bring electrical wiring, sewerage and water supply into the house.

For heating a small house, both an electric heater and a gas convector are well suited. As a fuel, such gas convectors use liquefied gas. To ensure the most efficient heat distribution, the system should be equipped with a galvanized steel reflector.

The gas convector must be equipped with a chimney. The chimney is carefully insulated to prevent fires. To protect the chimney from snow, rain and various debris, install a special protective visor on its street end.

On this small country house is ready. You did an excellent job without involving third-party specialists for this, which allowed you to save a significant amount of money, and made sure that there is nothing complicated in the construction of such structures - you just need to follow the instructions in everything and follow the advice of professional builders. You can start using your own built house.

Successful work!

Video - DIY small house