Installation 

Insulation of a frame house: where to start and what material to choose? How and how to insulate a frame house from the inside with your own hands: possible risks Ways to insulate frame houses

Frame houses are especially popular today: they are easily and quickly assembled, do not require the arrangement of a reinforced and expensive foundation, are inexpensive, and therefore accessible to all segments of the population.

Nevertheless, many do not dare to build houses using frame technology, as they consider them not warm enough, intended exclusively for summer living. However, this opinion is erroneous, because if you approach the insulation of a panel house wisely, you can feel comfortable in it at any time of the year. "But how to insulate frame house for winter residence"- you ask. The answer to all questions related to the process of insulating such buildings will be our today's article.

Insulation options

First of all, you need to decide where you will install thermal insulation - outside the building or from the inside. To make the right decision, you should consider the features of each method of insulation.

The following facts speak in favor of the external location of thermal insulation:

In the process, the interior of the house does not suffer at all.

Wooden walls accumulate inside the heat that is in the room, and when the temperature drops, they give it back to the room, allowing you to save on heating.

It should also be noted that the insulation material installed outside the house, in addition to its main function, reliably protects the facade from the harmful effects of moisture, ultraviolet radiation and temperature fluctuations. As a result, the service life of the building is noticeably increased.

If you are thinking about how to insulate the walls in a frame house from the inside, pay attention to several disadvantages of this method:

For the internal, you will need to dismantle the entire decorative trim premises, which after the installation of thermal insulation will have to be restored again. This leads to an increase in the timing of the work and to additional costs.

With internal insulation, flows of warm and cold air meet inside the wall, which leads to the accumulation of moisture in the room, as a result, the service life of wooden piers is significantly reduced.

The insulation layer located inside the building does not protect the facade from exposure external factors. The wall goes through many cycles of freezing and thawing, as a result of which its structure is destroyed.

The choice of insulation material

When wondering how to insulate a frame house for winter living, it should be understood that when we are talking about walls made of wood-shaving materials, the insulation must have the following qualities:

1. Environmental friendliness. The heat insulator must not release substances hazardous to humans into the air (even when heated).

2. Fire safety. Materials should be chosen that prevent the spread of fire along the walls of the building and do not emit much smoke in the event of a fire.

3. Low thermal conductivity.

4. Strength. must fit tightly between the walls and retain its original shape over time.

5. Low cost. The price of insulation should not exceed the cost of the building itself.

Expanded polystyrene and mineral wool are considered closest to the above requirements.

Styrofoam

The main advantages of polystyrene include its little weight, which is very important when it comes to frame structures. The material perfectly tolerates sudden changes in temperature, is not afraid of moisture and does not freeze.

The durability and low cost of styrofoam appeal to many homeowners, but along with positive qualities this heater also has disadvantages.

These include:

Rapid flammability;

Susceptibility to mechanical and chemical damage;

Poor breathability (due to which the effect of a thermos is created in the house).

As an alternative, many use an improved type of foam plastic - foam plastic, which is resistant to various types of damage, but has a higher price tag.

Most often, this insulation is installed on the outside of the house.

Mineral wool

The most popular material used as thermal insulation in frame houses is Isover mineral wool (insulation, the price of which, in comparison with similar materials, is quite low). On sale it is found in the form of rolls, mats and durable plates.

It is characterized by environmental friendliness, light weight, excellent heat and sound insulation performance, the ability to go around any irregularities, as well as a long service life.

The fire safety of a material depends entirely on its density. Products in the form of plates do not burn at all.

Choosing this heater for frame walls, it should be borne in mind that after a while the cotton wool can cake and sag, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the heat-insulating layer. Also, due attention must be paid to waterproofing, because, when wet, glass wool loses its original properties and becomes a favorable environment for mold to form.

Facade insulation

Let's take a closer look at how to insulate a frame house for winter living from the outside.

For these purposes, you can use the technology. It involves the installation of insulation between the outer wall and decorative cladding. In this case, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer directly depends on the climatic conditions in the region of residence (20 cm or more).

This method can also be used for internal wall insulation, and lining or drywall can be used as a finish.

Styrofoam insulation technology for external walls

1. The wall is cleaned of dirt and dust, all protrusions are smoothed out. The base is completely treated with a primer, and if cracks are found, they are covered with special adhesives.

2. Next, install vertical hangers. Nylon strings with loads are placed at a distance of 0.5 m from each other in order to identify and eliminate all irregularities (if the walls of the panel house are as smooth as possible, this stage can be skipped).

3. With the help of special glue, the foam boards are fixed on the walls. It is very important that the material fits as tightly as possible to the base.

4. A finishing material is installed over the heat-insulating layer.

Insulation of internal walls

Now let's figure out how to insulate a frame house with mineral wool.

The installation of insulation should be started only after the wall has been treated with antiseptic compounds.

Installation of thermal insulation includes the following works:

1. On the walls, a vapor-permeable one is placed so that its smooth side “looks” into the room.

2. Guide rails made of wood or metal are installed on top of the membrane using self-tapping screws. The distance between the rails must correspond to the width of the insulation material.

3. Installation of mineral wool can start both from above and from below the wall. If you use a rolled "Izover" (insulation, the price of which varies between 1500-2000 rubles per pack), installation should start from the ceiling. Mineral wool in mats is mounted starting from the floor. Fastening is carried out using dowels with a wide cap.

4. It is located on top of the insulation. For these purposes, you should choose vapor-permeable products that will contribute to natural ventilation premises. The film is fixed with wooden slats so that it is not too tight and does not sag. Next, the cladding is installed.

Conclusion

Now you know how to insulate a frame house for winter living. At the end of the topic, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that thermal insulation will not make the building habitable in the cold season - it is designed to keep warm air indoors. Therefore, if you want your home to be warm and comfortable even in severe frosts, take care of its heating.

To achieve comfortable living at home during winter period it is necessary to think about insulation even at the construction stage. This will prevent the penetration of cold air into the room and ensure compliance with the temperature and humidity conditions. Warming frame house can be done by hand. Step-by-step instruction for each type of structure is given below.

Why is it necessary to insulate the house

With the help of thermal protection of structures in contact with cold air, the following problems can be solved:

  • condensation from inside the premises;
  • the appearance of dampness, mold and fungus;
  • increase in heating costs;
  • non-compliance temperature regime living quarters and reduce the comfort of living in it.

In addition, a competent technology for warming a frame house can extend the life of the main structures of the building.

Materials for thermal protection



Home insulation can be carried out using the following materials:

  • mineral wool;
  • extruded polystyrene foam;

Types of mineral wool

There are two classifications of this heater. The first is based on the raw materials used to make:

  • basalt;
  • glass;
  • slag.

The most popular is the insulation of the walls of a frame house and other basalt structures. mineral wool.

The second classification is based on the form of insulation release:

  • rigid boards;
  • roll material.

It should be noted that glass wool is produced only in rolls.

Rigid slabs that can withstand fairly high loads are suitable for floors. Insulation of the walls of a frame house can be carried out using both plates and rolls. For mansard roof it is best to use slab material. This will allow you to easily insulate with mineral wool between the rafters.

Insulated frame house structures

Before insulating a frame house, it is necessary to decide which structures require this additional event.

With your own hands, you can protect the following elements of the building from the cold:

  1. the floor of the first floor;
  2. attic floor (if the attic is cold);
  3. mansard roof;
  4. exterior walls.

Do-it-yourself insulation work can be carried out both outside and inside. It is best to mount the thermal insulation between the racks, as this will ensure the competent work of the material. Warming wooden house mineral wool from the inside of the wall will greatly simplify the work and allow you to hold events in all weather conditions.


Double-layer insulation - a guarantee of 100% thermal protection

An external insulation scheme is possible if the insulation from the inside is not sufficient and additional insulation is required. Peculiarities:

  • outer thermal insulation material must not create a vapor barrier. Otherwise, the resulting condensate from water vapor will accumulate between the two layers of insulation, which is fraught with the formation of mold and mildew;
  • house wall thickening

Based on the foregoing, it follows that the thermal protection of a wooden house from the outside with mineral wool should be carried out only in exceptional cases, when the scheme from the inside is not applicable.

Wall insulation


Double layer insulation (double frame)

To guarantee a comfortable stay during the winter period, it is important to take care of the thermal protection of the walls. To reliably insulate the walls with basalt or other wool from the outside with your own hands, you need two-layer insulation. Follow the following layer order:

  1. interior decoration;
  2. vapor barrier;
  3. mineral wool insulation (2 layers with offset racks);
  4. windproof membrane;
  5. OSB-3 on the crate;
  6. exterior decoration of the facade.

It is important to remember that the scheme for using this type of insulation requires the obligatory presence of a ventilated layer with a thickness of at least 4 cm. This is necessary due to the high hygroscopicity of the material. In order for the insulation to retain its performance characteristics, it is necessary to remove excess moisture from its surface. This is ensured by the circulation of cold air outside the surface of the mineral wool.

Most often, the technology for insulating the walls of a frame house is the following scheme: the material is not laid on any side, but between the racks of the frame. This reduces the overall thickness of the wall and significantly reduces the construction time of the building. Mineral wool is fixed between the racks of the frame, after which sheathing is performed on both sides.

Vapor barrier and wind protection during do-it-yourself work are located similarly to the previous cases: steam protection from the inside, and wind protection from the outside.

With thermal protection of the walls from the inside under the hinged facade, the order of the layers is as follows:

  1. interior decoration of the premises;
  2. vapor barrier;
  3. mineral wool;
  4. superdiffusion membrane;
  5. wall construction;
  6. facade decoration.

Floor insulation


For a wooden frame house, overlappings along the beams are characteristic. When arranging thermal insulation with your own hands, insulation boards are laid between the supporting structures of the floor. You can also use roll materials, but for their spreading, preliminary installation of the lower crate or solid flooring will be required.

When insulating with mineral wool in the form of rigid slabs, the step wooden beams it is better to take overlaps so that 580 mm remains clean between them. This will provide maximum convenience for working with 600 mm wide plates and complete filling of the space with heat-insulating material.

When doing do-it-yourself activities, you need to remember that the vapor barrier is located from the inside of the room, and the waterproofing is from the cold air side. In the case of intermediate floors, steam protection should be provided from the side of the ceiling.


Attic floor insulation

It is also important to remember that when working with any type of mineral wool, it is better to prevent particles of the material from getting on the skin and into the lungs. For this, it is best to use gloves and a mask. Also, workers must have special clothing that completely covers the arms and legs.

Pitched roof insulation

Do-it-yourself installation technology is similar to ceilings. The pitch of the rafters, as in the previous case, is selected with respect to a clear distance of 580 mm.

Work is performed in the following order:

  1. installation of the truss system;
  2. laying a waterproofing layer over the rafters;
  3. thermal insulation;
  4. installation of vapor barrier;
  5. upper and lower crate;
  6. laying roofing material;
  7. ceiling interior trim.

Preparatory work

Before properly insulating a frame house, it is necessary to prepare the surfaces. To do this, perform simple actions:

  1. processing of all structures of a wooden house with the help of antiseptic compounds to prevent damage to them by various microorganisms;
  2. cleaning the surface from dirt and dust;
  3. elimination of significant inconsistencies.

These simple do-it-yourself manipulations will provide the insulation with a reliable connection to the structures and the longest possible long service life.

The sound insulation, comfort and durability of the entire structure depend on how correctly and with what heat-insulating material the frame house is insulated. High-quality insulation will keep the heat inside the room for a long time, and save the amount of energy needed for its heating. That is why it is extremely important to know how to insulate a frame house for winter living inside and out.

Warming outside

One of the best options thermal insulation of a frame building is cross-insulation.

Note! Insulation mats are always laid with a run-up of seams so that they do not match. This will help to avoid the appearance of blown cracks.

Cross-insulation allows you to block all cold bridges in the frame, which are wooden structural elements. To do this, on the outside of the house, in addition to the standard insulation with a layer of 15 cm, it is necessary to lay a layer of thermal insulation 5 cm thick.

To do this, bars of 50x50 mm in size are attached outside the frame in a horizontal position. They are installed alternately, from bottom to top, at a distance of 59 cm from each other (this distance depends on the width of the insulation used, 1 cm less than the insulation). After that, thermal insulation 5 cm thick is laid between them in the spacer. As soon as the entire insulation is installed, it is covered with a moisture-proof membrane. It will not only protect it from moisture and wind, but also keep the plates in the frame. Inside the house, the insulation will also not be able to fall out, since it is laid across the frame.


 Scheme of the cross-insulation pie of a frame house

Sheets of windproof film are overlapped, not less than 15 cm on top of each other. The membrane is fixed to the bars with a construction stapler. On top of the film, another crate is arranged with the help of bars measuring 5x5 cm - for mounting the finish coating and for creating a ventilation gap.

Warming from the inside

After the installation of the insulation outside the frame house is completed, they proceed to laying the first layer of thermal insulation 5 cm thick from the inside of the building. It is mounted in such a way that the plates are flush with all the jibs. The next layer is thermal insulation with a thickness of 10 cm. The entire frame between the uprights is completely filled with it.

After that, a high-quality vapor barrier membrane is attached from the inside, it will limit the ingress of steam into the insulation. It is laid with a smooth side to the thermal insulation, and a rough side inside the room. The sheets are overlapped, and the junctions are glued with double-sided tape. On top of it, it is mounted with crates with 5x5 cm bars for attaching the finish coating.

Note! The insulation cannot be rammed and pushed by force, since the thermal conductivity of mineral wool depends on the number of air voids in its structure.

Thermal insulation should be as free as possible between the racks of the frame, filling it completely, without gaps.


 Pie scheme internal insulation frame house walls

Insulation is also installed in the interior partitions, but not for the purpose of insulation, but as sound insulation. Mineral wool insulation, especially basalt, are good soundproof material. The slabs are laid with a layer of 100 mm (2 x 50 mm with a spacing of seams). For interior partitions a vapor barrier membrane is not required, as the room temperature is approximately the same on both sides. Therefore, the heat does not tend to go outside, and does not impregnate the insulation with wet steam.

Note! For interior partitions glassine is used instead of vapor barrier. It prevents the infiltration of dust from mineral wool into the room. Close the insulation on both sides.

The insulation of the basement of a frame house is practically no different from the thermal insulation of the walls. In fact, this is the same wall, but in a horizontal position. From below, the floor is closed with a high-quality windproof membrane with an overlap on the strapping beam from all sides. The film is fixed with a subfloor so that the insulation laid in the frame does not squeeze out or tear it. Further, heat-insulating material is laid in 2 or 3 layers with a run-out of seams.

The basement should be insulated with a layer of 200 mm. A layer 15 cm thick is laid in the interfloor ceilings for the purpose of sound insulation, and the attic is thermally insulated with a layer of 250 mm.


 Scheme of insulation of the basement of a frame house

How not to damage the vapor barrier and other nuances

By standard scheme for the insulation of a frame house, the installation of 150 mm of thermal insulation material is required.

But there are a few nuances to consider:

  1. The frame of the house itself transmits heat, since the coefficient of thermal conductivity of wood is much higher than that of any insulation.
  2. After installing thermal insulation on the outside of the building based on mineral wool, for example, basalt, it is imperative to close it with a windproof membrane, and from the inside it is covered with a vapor barrier film.

Since power networks pass inside the frame, the outputs are passed through the vapor barrier. As a result, the film becomes leaky, and part of the heat passes through the holes to the outside, letting the cold into the house. Even after gluing with special adhesive tape, the tightness of the structure cannot be guaranteed.

To avoid such a problem, you should make an additional crate on the inside of the frame and fill it with a 5 cm thick insulation. It is extremely important to equip it as evenly as possible using building level or a laser level. Since in the future sheet material, for example, drywall, will be attached to it for finishing with a topcoat.

The lower beam of the crate should recede from the monolithic part of the foundation by about 15-17 cm. This is necessary so that when pouring the floor screed, it does not go on the crate and insulation.

Before mounting the frame, it is necessary to immediately take into account the dimensions of the insulation boards so that additional fasteners are not required. But at the same time, the center distance between the horizontal rails must be at least 120 cm (according to the size of the drywall sheet).

For a high-quality finish of a frame house, it is necessary to install two layers of drywall. The first is mounted in a horizontal position, and the second in a vertical position.


Thanks to this method, the sockets will be installed up to the vapor barrier layer, that is, its tightness will not be violated. In addition to all this, an additional crate with a 5 cm thick insulation will finally block all cold bridges and close the entire frame of the house, increasing the thermal insulation of the room.

When choosing heat-insulating and hydro and vapor barrier building materials, preference should be given to manufacturers famous brands, whose products are time-tested, as well as to have certificates of quality and safety. Cheap insulation can quickly lose its heat-saving characteristics or be unsafe for indoor use.

Frame houses have become an excellent innovation in our country - inexpensive and fast way erection of individual buildings.

But despite a large number of advantages, these buildings have one important drawback, these buildings need additional thermal insulation, since the climatic conditions in Russia are very severe.

Consider which insulation is best for a frame house? How to properly perform thermal insulation work, and which insulation is better to use.

There are many materials for thermal insulation of houses made according to Finnish technology. Each has its drawbacks and positive aspects, therefore, in order to understand how to choose a heater for a frame house and apply best option thermal insulation, it is worth analyzing in detail the most popular heat insulators on the construction market.

Mineral wool for warming the frame structure

How to properly insulate a frame house with mineral wool? This material is often used not only by construction companies, but also by private developers.

This is understandable - the insulation has excellent sound absorption and perfectly retains heat. Mineral wool is an eco-friendly, fire-resistant material. 5 cm insulator layer, able to retain heat as well as brickwork half a meter thick.

The main nuance in the installation of basalt insulation is the arrangement of a vapor barrier to protect the material from moisture. The fact is that when wet, mineral wool loses its thermal insulation properties.

If you decide to use this insulation for insulation, then do not spare money for the purchase of vapor barrier material and special membranes.

How to make mineral wool insulation

The walls of the frame house are insulated along the crate, the cells of which should be in increments of 60 cm - this is important, since stone wool is produced in a roll of this size. The insulator must be cut so that the cotton wool enters between the bars with force and does not sag.

The thickness of the material is chosen based on the weather conditions in the region. If the climate is harsh, then it is better to use layers 20 cm thick, in a mild climate 5-10 cm is enough.

With multi-layer insulation, cold bridges may appear, in order to exclude them, 5 cm slabs are laid in two layers, in cells. It should be understood that the guide bars should be with a section of 10x10. The second two layers of material are laid on top of the frame bars.

Insulation of a frame house with mineral wool involves mandatory vapor barrier, but since outer wall buildings are already equipped with this material, then it can not be used before installing the insulation.

After laying the insulator, care must be taken to protect the mineral wool from condensation fumes. The vapor barrier material is sold in rolls, and it will not work to lay it with one sheet, so we buy construction tape to glue the joints.

Floor insulation in a frame house is made with the same basalt wool. Only in this case, the insulator layer must be at least 20 cm. The work is carried out as with the insulation of frame walls.

Ecowool insulation

Eco-friendly and affordable insulation for frame houses, in the production of which waste from the production of cellulose products is used: paper, cardboard. Ecowool consists of 80% fiber and 10% antiseptic, which protects against the development of fungal formations and microorganisms. In order for the insulation to be less flammable, 10% of special additives were introduced into its composition.

Ecowool - disadvantages

Private developers very rarely use this material to insulate their buildings. Ecowool has a number of features that some builders consider as disadvantages:


Strictly observe the norms for filling surfaces with insulation recommended by the manufacturer, otherwise areas without insulation may form during the shrinkage process.

Positive characteristics of ecowool

Many may think that such a process as insulating a frame house for winter living using ecowool is impractical, this material has a lot of disadvantages.

But with strict adherence technological processes application, the positive characteristics of the material are significantly enhanced:

  • A small consumption of material makes it cost-effective.
  • Ecowool has good noise-absorbing properties.
  • Most the best insulation It is made from natural raw materials, which determines its environmental friendliness and safety for people living in the house.
  • The composition receives resistance to burning due to additives, and it is worth studying the composition of the product before purchasing. If the composition includes such components as, boric acid and ammonium sulfate, it is better to abandon its use. These components give ecowool an unpleasant and persistent smell, while the fire resistance of the material practically does not decrease. You should buy only the product in the composition of which borax is present.
  • The material is laid without seams, which is a huge plus, since there are no cold bridges, and the insulation of a wooden house is of high quality and reliable.

But the decisive factor, which speaks of the importance of using cross-insulation of a frame house from the inside with this material, is the inexpensive cost in a duet with positive characteristics.

Insulation of a frame house with ecowool - a technological process

As already known, there are two ways to insulate a frame house - “wet” and “dry”. You can simply spray the material on the walls by diluting it with water or glue, then you get a great result. But most private developers follow a simpler path and use the “dry” method of insulation, which we will consider.

So, we insulate the frame house with our own hands, with ecowool according to the following algorithm:

  • first of all, we will undertake to insulate the floor in the house, for this a pressed briquette of material weighing 15 kg, you need to loosen it well, you can apply for this conventional drill with a special nozzle. After these actions, the volume of material will become three times larger;
  • thermal insulation of the floor of a frame house is quite simple - the material is poured onto the rough coating between the beams with a slight excess, which will be taken by the weight of the board for the final coating;
  • Let's get to the walls. Before the start of insulation, a frame is constructed from bars of the desired section. A vapor barrier is fixed to the racks, an indispensable element when insulating with ecowool. The frame is shattered OSB sheets so that there is a gap on top for filling the insulation. The material will be compacted under its own weight, as it falls asleep, and on top it should be well tamped.

Work on the thermal insulation of a frame house with ecowool is worth stocking up protective equipment: gloves, goggles and a respirator. You can significantly optimize the process by renting equipment that loosens the material and blows it in finished form.

Linen-based insulation

Flax has excellent heat-retaining parameters, this is achieved due to the optimal combination of density and porosity of the material.

Linen insulation is produced in several configurations:

  • plates can insulate the frame house from the inside;
  • linen strips of a structure made of glued laminated timber;
  • tow canopy walls made of logs.

Due to its high density, this insulator is used for insulation of roofs, floors, partitions and attic floors in which recreation areas are equipped.

A flax fiber heat insulator can be considered the most preferable for warming a house from the inside - it is environmentally friendly, has been serving for more than 70 years, does not rot, and mold does not form on it. Unlike ecowool, it does not shrink.


Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene - which is more practical

The choice of insulation for a frame house is not an easy task, you need to take into account many nuances. As for heat insulators such as expanded polystyrene and polystyrene, both materials are successfully used to insulate a house from the inside and outside.

Styrofoam, of course, is inferior to its fellow in some positive properties, but, it is so cheap that many private developers prefer to use this material for home insulation.

Among the minuses are noted:

  • low level of sound insulation;
  • when burned, toxins are released;
  • the material is susceptible to attacks by rodents.

Thermal insulation of the facade with foam plastic

  • Insulation of a frame house from the outside begins with surface preparation, which needs to be leveled, cracks repaired, primed with deep penetration impregnation.
  • After the facade has dried, direct hangers must be mounted on it, which will not allow the plates to move off the surface, they will be securely fixed.
  • Five points of glue are applied to the foam, the edges are smeared around the perimeter.
  • The plate with glue is pressed tightly to the surface, acting from corner to corner.
  • Second row foam boards stacked in a checkerboard pattern.

The composition of the adhesive is prepared in such a way that it can be worked out in an hour.

The inconsistency of the material is adjusted with a heated knife, when gaps form, they are closed with the following compositions:

  • crushed foam is added to the glue;
  • pour penoizol;
  • apply mounting foam.

For structural strength, the heat insulator should be attached to the surface with plastic dowels, 5 pcs each. on the stove. After that, you can apply any facing material.

Thermal insulation of the frame structure from the inside

The scheme for warming a frame house from the side of the room is similar to the previous version. The only difference is in the soil used - you need a composition for internal work with antiseptic properties.

When using an insulating insulator on the inside, a simple tile adhesive, coupled with dowels, is used as an adhesive.

Installed foam boards are overlapped with a reinforcing mesh if it is supposed to putty the surface, but drywall is often used for wall cladding. This method of thermal insulation is much easier than insulating a frame house with ecowool.

Penoplex

Do not know what is the best way to insulate a frame house? Buy penoplex - an analogue of foam plastic, only with a denser structure, which is why it costs a little more. It is also worth noting that this material is much more demanding during installation - you need to protect it from moisture and sunlight.

In custody

We built a frame house - insulation can be done both independently and with the help of a team of specialists. Is the building located in a harsh climate? Apply cross-insulation, and how to choose an insulator, and how to properly insulate a frame house, we described in detail above.