How to repair a flat roof. Overhaul of the roof of an apartment building - methods. Preparation for repair

30.10.2019

Problems of reconstruction of flat roofs

Reconstruction of flat roofs of industrial and civil buildings on the territory of the Russian Federation is one of the most frequent and natural types construction works. Despite the appearance of modern roofing materials, a clear improvement in the culture of work in the installation of built-up waterproofing, huge amounts of money are annually spent on current and major repairs of roofs of this type. Leaks, swellings, folds, cracks and other defects in the roofing carpet lead to a significant increase in the cost of building maintenance.
As part of current repair roofing, which is carried out either when the first signs of a roof leak appear, or based on the results of an assessment of the condition of the roof, one or two layers of rolled welded materials are glued. The durability of such repairs, as a rule, is small - only 2 - 4 years, and it is necessary to re-apply the next layers of roof waterproofing. As a result of such permanent repairs, the roof waterproofing carpet can be more than 200 mm thick (see Fig. 1.)

Fig.1. waterproofing carpet flat roof after numerous repairs.

One of the main reasons for such a short period of maintenance-free operation of roofs is the saturation of various elements of the roof with water, both during the direct installation of the roof and during their subsequent operation. Excess moisture appears in the elements of the roof during work in the autumn winter period, during precipitation, the roof elements also get wet if the roofing carpet is damaged, in the absence or violation of the continuity of the vapor barrier membrane. When water or water vapor enters the structures roofing cake there is a wetting of the heat-insulating layer of the roof, laid under the layer of rolled waterproofing. This is also facilitated by those building solutions that are most popular today. Backfilling with expanded clay gravel, thermal insulation of roofs with fibrous mineral wool boards with high water absorption are widely used. These materials can be saturated with water both during the construction process, during precipitation; and during operation, with various kinds of damage to the roofing carpet. Here it should be noted that heaters with high water absorption tend to accumulate water under the waterproofing layer. In this case, water may not concentrate at the place of leakage through the waterproofing, which makes it difficult to find the place of damage to the roof. When heating the roof due to solar energy(up to 85 degrees C in summer), moisture evaporates from the heat-insulating layer with the creation of excess pressure under the waterproofing membrane and, as a result, swelling, bubbles, and tearing of the roofing mat occur. (see fig. 1). These damages form subsequent violations of the waterproofing layer, leading to water leaks. Roof repair, which consists in re-sticking waterproofing, is not effective insofar as it does not eliminate the cause of roof defects, which is the increased water content of the heat-insulating layer of the roof.

Existing options for the reconstruction of flat roofs

Only the decision to overhaul the roof, in which the roofing pie is completely dismantled, can radically correct the situation. But the overhaul of the roof is a complex of expensive construction works, including a large amount of financial investment in the dismantling and removal of construction debris. In addition, during the overhaul of the roof, there is a risk of causing significant financial damage to the interior decoration and equipment of the building, since if precipitation occurs when the roof waterproofing is removed, water is likely to get inside the building.
To some extent, it is possible to find a solution to this problem with the installation of so-called "breathing" roofs. In this case, in the lower layer of the waterproofing carpet, due to its partial fixing to the base, a network of channels is created through which the subsequent release of excess pressure under the waterproofing membrane takes place. This solution has several significant disadvantages:

High labor intensity of the device of roof elements. Difficult-to-execute units for extracting the steam-air mixture.
If the roof is damaged in one place, moisture spreads through the system of under-roof channels over the surface of the entire roof. In this case, it is almost impossible to find the place of the leak, often it is necessary to dismantle the entire roofing carpet.
When constructing a breathable roof over an old waterproofing carpet, the places of stagnant water, which almost always occur on old roofs, are not eliminated. Especially with the increased thickness of the waterproofing carpet.

Fig.2. Section of a flat roof after a normal renovation (sticker of a new waterproofing mat).

1. The base of the roof is usually a reinforced concrete slab.
2. Vapor barrier layer.
3. A layer of old, wetted due to thermal insulation leaks ( mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, expanded clay, lightweight concrete, etc.)
4. The path of migration of the vapor-air mixture in the heat-insulating layer during heating of the roof.

6. Excessive pressure created by migrating water vapor.
7. Blisters on the surface of a new roof cladding laid during roof reconstruction.

Buffer layers of a flat roof made of monolithic foam concrete.

An effective solution for the reconstruction of flat roofs is the use of monolithic. At the same time, foam concrete screeds are arranged on the surface of the old waterproofing carpet. Further to the surface of the foam concrete screed a new roofing carpet is welded on. Fully technology for the reconstruction of flat roofs is a series of the following steps.
. Assessment of the condition of a flat roof: determination of zones of stagnant water, the presence of damage to the roofing carpet, etc.;
. Preparation of the base for the device buffer foam concrete screed. Cutting of folds, delaminations, bubbles - to the base, garbage collection, exfoliated dressing, removal of air cavities;
. Acceptance of hidden works;
. The device of buffer foam concrete screeds with a thickness of 40 - 100 mm;
. If necessary, the device of vertical transitions (fillets) also from monolithic foam concrete;
. Priming of the base with bituminous primers, according to the recommendations of the roof waterproofing supplier;
. The device of a roofing waterproofing carpet in two layers;
. Installation of roof fans (vanes) at the rate of 1 piece per 150 - 200 sq.m.;

Fig.3. Section of a flat roof during reconstruction using monolithic foam concrete.

1. Base - reinforced concrete slab.
2. Vapor barrier.
3. Old thermal insulation layer.
4. Ways of migration of the vapor-air mixture in the heat-insulating layer of the roof.
5. Damage to the old waterproofing carpet.
6. Distribution of migrating water vapor in the pore space of the foam concrete layer.
7. A layer of new waterproofing laid during the reconstruction.

With this design of the roof, the layer serves as a buffer space for water vapor. High blood pressure, created by water evaporating from the heat-insulating layer of the roof, is evenly distributed inside the vast pore space of foam concrete, without leading to damage to the roofing waterproofing carpet. It is this effect that explains why the layers of rolled waterproofing on foam concrete roofs lie without repair for more than ten years, with no swelling or other damage. A similar mechanism also has the effect of frost resistance of cellular concrete - only when freezing into the pore space of foam concrete, it is not steam that is squeezed out, but ice crystals grow without damaging the material itself.
A separate line should be noted effect, which we called "self-drying" foam concrete. Physical and chemical binding of water during the hardening of Portland cement by hydrate neoplasms ensures a decrease in the water content of non-autoclaved foam concrete even inside hermetically sealed spaces. This happens when laying monolithic foam concrete in buffer heat-insulating screeds, well masonry, filling other building cavities with non-autoclaved foam concrete. When water is absorbed, the processes of hardening of foam concrete are intensified, thus, when drying, foam concrete increases its strength characteristics. The fact of the possibility of long-term hardening of cement concretes in general, and cement foam concretes in particular, is well known. This allows the foam concrete screed, even with subsequent water ingress, as a result of damage to the waterproofing coating, to dry out on its own during the hydration of the foam concrete cement matrix. It should be noted that the practice of working with monolithic foam concrete when installing flat roofs convincingly shows that a vapor barrier layer is not necessary in roofs using non-autoclaved foam concrete. This can also be explained by the "self-drying" effect.

Description of the properties of monolithic foam concrete and equipment for its production.

The production of foam concrete mixture was carried out by us using the so-called one-stage technology for the production of foam concrete mixture. This eliminates the preliminary preparation of two-phase foam (W - G). The equipment prepared three-phase foam (L-T-G) in one stage, the foam generator and the pump for supplying the foam concrete mixture to a distance are excluded from the technological chain. In the production of foam concrete mix at a construction site, the fundamental requirement is the minimum required set of equipment. The foam generator is a device that requires a high work culture during operation, its presence significantly complicates the foam concrete production technology. At the same time, the presence of a foam generator does not give any tangible advantages in the production of monolithic foam concrete. The supply of the foam concrete mixture was carried out by forcing pressure into the working chamber of the foam concrete mixer. This method makes it possible to refuse the use of pumps (gerotor, peristaltic) when transporting foam concrete, at a foam concrete supply height of up to 30 meters. Thus, the production and supply of monolithic foam concrete was carried out by one unit - a foam concrete mixer, combining the functions of a foam generator, a foam concrete mixer and a pump.

Rice. 4. Equipment for the production and supply of foam concrete mix is placed on the back of a truck. Most of the workplace is occupied by a warehouse of binders and fillers.

Rice. 5. The production of foam concrete mix is carried out by one worker-plasterer. In the foreground is a foam concrete mixer SPBU-500M and a container for mixing water.

Since the requirements for the economic efficiency of repairing flat roofs require the installation of buffer foam concrete screeds of minimum thickness, this imposes a number of special requirements on the physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete. It is obligatory to have a complex modifying additive in the composition of foam concrete, into which water-retaining additives are introduced. Otherwise, it is impossible to provide a guaranteed set of strength, especially in summer with intensive heating of the base for pouring foam concrete. Thin-layer laying requires mandatory volumetric reinforcement to prevent the development of shrinkage deformations. Volumetric mesh reinforcement of the cement matrix of foam concrete is carried out with hydraulically active silicate fibers. As part of a complex additive, it is desirable to use water-reducing additives. Sometimes it is necessary to use additives of setting and hardening accelerators of the foam concrete mixture. The selection of a complex additive should be carried out by a construction laboratory, taking into account the fact that many types of modifying additives have a pronounced defoaming effect, for example, superplasticizers of the naphthalene-formaldehyde type.

Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete.

Foam concrete grade according to medium density	Compressive strength, MPa	Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/m*deg.	Thermal resistance of a foam concrete layer 100 mm thick.	Weight 1 sq.m. foam concrete layer 100 mm thick. (taking into account operational humidity), kg	Notes
					It is used only as a heat-insulating material, as well as for filling cavities.

					Can be used as a sticker base soft roof

Based on the results of many years of work related to the reconstruction of flat roofs using buffer foam concrete screeds, the following positive effects of such a design and such material can be distinguished:
1. The term of non-repair operation increases up to 10-20 years.
2. Laying of monolithic foam concrete is carried out by industrial methods, a team of two people can lay up to 700 meters of square foam concrete screeds per shift.
3. Foam concrete screeds provide additional thermal insulation of the roof. See Table 1.
4. When laying monolithic foam concrete screeds, the unevenness of the roof is eliminated, there are no places for stagnant water.
5. The technology of sticking rolled bituminous materials is simple and does not differ in any way from the technology of sticking these materials on a conventional cement-sand mortar.

Rice. 6. The photograph shows one of the stages of the reconstruction of a flat roof using monolithic non-autoclaved foam concrete.

You see a foam concrete screed lying on an old waterproofing carpet. next and final stage work - the installation of a waterproofing carpet made of bituminous welded materials over a foam concrete screed.

The arrangement and repair of a flat roof is done by two types of materials: soft or self-leveling. They provide excellent layer sealing. roofing protecting your home from damaging effects environment and long service life. There are typical soft roof damages that occur periodically regardless of the quality of the materials used.

Types of damage

You can find out if there is a need for reconstruction of the roof by carefully examining its surface. You can detect defects in the roof of a house if you just walk along it. Damaged areas can make a crunch, bulge and swell.

Roof Condition Assessment

Types of Flat Roof Damage:

stratification of the "pie": full or partial;
swelling of the coating;
the occurrence of bubbles;
the appearance of cracks;
the formation of depressions and funnels filled with rainwater;
peeling of the coating around the chimney pipes;
germination within the layers of cover of all kinds of vegetation.

If you periodically conduct a preventive inspection of the roof of the house for defects, then a small current repair of the surface can be done by hand. But if this is not done on time, the defects will gradually progress, and the roof may begin to leak. In this case, it may be necessary not only to overhaul the roof of the house, but also to restore interior decoration premises.

Roofing defect

The consequences of untimely roof repairs:

growth of moss and other vegetation;
the appearance of mold;
deformation wooden walls and floors of the house;
violation of interior decoration;
the occurrence of leaks;
icing of the walls of the house and ceilings in the winter;
the appearance of multiple cracks,
detachment finishing materials, their accelerated destruction due to decay.

Deformed coverage area

in early autumn, so that there are no problems with a leaking roof;
in the spring, after the snow melts - to eliminate damage after the winter;
in summer it is necessary to remove leaves and clean the roof of moss;
In winter, you need to clean off the snow in time.

This will help reduce the cost of ongoing home repairs.

How to repair a flat roof

Depending on the size and nature of surface defects, two types of repair can be noted.:

small current;
capital.

Partial roof replacement

There are two effective methods repair flat roof:

sticking on mastic;
fusing with high temperature exposure.

Membrane roof device

PVC membranes are soft material for roof repair, with which you can carry out repairs quickly and easily. A big plus of such coatings is that laying is possible in one layer directly on the previous coating of roofing material. The only requirement is that the surface must be clean (no stones, debris, old grease stains, puddles of water).

Membrane roof structure

To carry out the work you will need:

Work technology

The rolls are rolled out on the surface of the roof and the necessary pieces of canvas are cut off. The canvases are overlapped by 12 cm. The edges of the canvases are fixed with dowel-nails every 40 cm. The edges are connected with heated air from a welding machine. At the same time, a stream of hot air is directed under the canvas and immediately rolled with a roller. This method is justified when repairing large areas..

The use of euroroofing material

This repair technology is much more economical, but the surface must be perfectly cleaned.. The flooring of the material is made in two layers. The first is the main, and the second is decorating. Thanks to a special powder, decorative roofing material is not afraid of the sun, frost, does not crack or dry out, is chemically resistant and has a long service life (about 30 years). The material is produced in rolls.

Welding material

Materials and tools for work:

Two types of euroruberoid;
Gas-burner;
Special scissors;
Hook.

Fusion technology

Strips of the desired length are measured and again twisted into rolls for convenience. Each sheet is heated with gas burner and roll it out, holding it so as not to get burned, with an iron hook. In this case, the material is firmly attached to the surface. A decorative one is placed on top of the bottom layer according to the same algorithm. The two layers are then melted at the same time, providing reliable adhesion and durability of the coating.

other methods

A small repair of the soft roof of the house can be done using an ordinary roofing material. It certainly does not have all the advantages of modern analogues, but with small defects in the roof, you can use pieces of roofing material, laying them on molten bitumen. The material can even be laid on top of iron or slate surfaces.

Elimination of small defects

With small cracks in the slate plane, fabric flaps will help in oil paint- they can repair minor damage.

Large fragments of damage are subject to replacement or complete overlapping of the roof with new material.

How to correctly calculate the cost of reconstruction

The technology for carrying out minor current repairs does not require such preparations, it can be carried out spontaneously without any preliminary preparation.

When planning a major overhaul of the roof, it would be quite reasonable to make a preliminary calculation of the cost of repairing the roof from roll materials.

First you need to calculate the consumption of material

Procedure for planning repairs:

1. Measurement of the territory within which it is planned to replace the coating.

2. Compilation of a list of all required materials, taking into account the nature of the defects.

3. Adding to the list of materials for manufacturing cement-sand mortars if it is planned to update such sections of the roof.

4. To the result obtained, add 10-20% overrun of materials.

5. Consider the offers of various building materials stores, take into account promotions and conditions for the delivery of materials.

Overhaul

Overhaul roofing requires large expenses and a lot of time, however, the procedure itself can be done by hand, provided that you have some skills.

Complete replacement of the old coating

Event technology:

Disassemble the roofing cake and check the condition of all insulating layers.
If damaged coatings are found, they should be replaced over the entire area.
Make a cement-sand screed, guided by the instructions on the packaging of the mixture.
Pour the solution with a layer of 2-4 cm and wait for the surface to dry.
Make a primer with a bituminous emulsion.
Treat the entire section of the roof with mastic.
Lay the pre-heated parts of the solid sheet on the roof surface, pressing with a club. The procedure is easier to do with two people.
Lay all strips with an overlap, maintaining 15-20 cm of the lining.
Seal seams, joints and hard-to-reach places.
If desired, you can make an additional layer of soft roofing by rolling the roll in a perpendicular direction.

In order for the overhaul of the roof to give a result and for the next ten years to save from such events, all the rules should be followed when laying the coating. It should also be taken into account that the condition of the coating will depend on the quality of the selected material. It is better to choose products from reputable manufacturers.

The coatings used in the construction of flat roofs are characterized by a high service life. However, most roll and membrane materials have to be changed before the expiration of the declared service life. This is largely due to the occurrence of various types of damage that form on the roof during the operational period.

Types of damage to roofing

The main cause of damage to the roofing carpet is the poor quality of installation work and the use of cheap materials, the quality of which does not correspond to current operating conditions. Lack of regular maintenance also results in both minor and critical damage requiring immediate repair.

The most common types of damage to flat roofs include the following:

In order to prevent the condition of the roofing, it is recommended to conduct a scheduled inspection of the front surface of the roof. When problems are found, a decision must be made on how to carry out repairs in order to prevent further damage from occurring.

Flat roof repair methods

Depending on the type of defects and the area affected by the damage, it is customary to divide the restoration and repair of flat roofs into the following groups:

current repair - local work performed when small defects and damages are found in the roof system. Mainly produced partial replacement damaged roofing, elimination of delaminations and blisters;
overhaul - is a complete replacement of the current insulation layer and roofing material, including a full cycle of preparing the working surface for the further laying of a new coating.

The basis for the overhaul is the presence of damage of various nature for more than 40% of total area flat roof. Unlike local works, capital repairs require a significant investment, which is comparable, and in most cases exceeds the cost of laying a new roofing.

What material to use for repair

The technology of installation and repair of flat roofs involves the use of various materials. The use of a particular material is determined by the current state of the roof and the coating that was laid or applied earlier.

Capital repairs of a flat roof are carried out in all cases when more than 40% of the total roof area is damaged

In general cases, the following technologies are used to repair flat roofs:

screed repair - used in cases where the concrete floor slab is badly damaged and a full-fledged heat-insulating cake is required. In this case, a vapor barrier membrane, mineral or foamed insulation, fine expanded clay, concrete mortar, primer and insulating coating are used for repairs. For mixing the solution, it is recommended to use sand concrete M300, produced under trademarks"Polygran", "Master Harts" and BESTO;
repair using roll coatings - used for the restoration of flat roofs of various configurations. Various analogues of roofing felt or PVC membrane are used as roll coatings. Among the bituminous roll coatings, one can note the products of the TechnoNIKOL corporation under the brands Stekloizol KhPP-2.5, Technoelast KhPP and Uniflex EPP. As a roofing polymer membrane, it is better to use a coating under the trademark Ecoplast V-RP or Logicroof V-RP. To work with roofing material derivatives, a gas burner is required, and for laying PVC membranes, an adhesive composition and a building hair dryer are required;
repair using liquid rubber - most often performed when servicing multi-storey residential buildings, since the applied material is lightweight and does not weigh down the floor slab. For use, it is possible to recommend waterproofing under the trademark "Technoprok R", Euromast Plus and Tremproof 250. Liquid rubber is applied using a special industrial spray gun. In addition to the insulating material, a vapor barrier, a heat-insulating coating and a slope are used.

When repairing a roof with a screed, it should be borne in mind that a concrete mixer will be required to mix a sufficient volume of concrete and a large number of containers for transferring concrete mix. To distribute the concrete, it is necessary to set the linear guides. Alignment of the solution is carried out using a steel rule.

In order to understand in more detail the technology of working with various materials, we will consider the process of repairing each type of flat roof separately. A more general technology describing the process of maintenance and overhaul will be discussed below.

Roll roof repair

Roll coatings under the trademarks "Stekloizol KhPP-2.5", "Technoelast KhPP" and "Uniflex EPP", which were mentioned above, are modern bituminous roll materials. For their manufacture, a binder based on bitumen and filler is used, which is applied to the fiberglass on both sides. Asbagal is used as a protective front layer - a coarse-grained dressing applied to a special polymer film.

Corporation "TechnoNIKOL" produces a wide range of roll-bitumen coatings for roofing

As a rule, "Stekloizol", "Technoelast" and other bituminous roll coatings are used to protect flat roofs with a preliminary arrangement of a concrete screed. The main problems of this coating are the formation of local damage in the form of cuts and cracks resulting from improper operation of the roof. In case of violation of the technology of work, the formation of air and water bubbles is possible.

To eliminate local defects, patch repair is used when the damaged area is completely covered with a new canvas. The size of the patch depends on the area of damage.

Repair of cracks, breaks and other surface damage is carried out as follows:

If it is necessary to eliminate swellings and bubbles on the surface of the roll coating, which occur due to seasonal temperature fluctuations, then it is necessary to carefully cut the damage crosswise.

Next, you need to bend the corners of the coating so that you can dry the inner surface. After drying, the surface is cleaned and treated with bituminous mastic, and the bent edges are pressed back. Then, patch repairs are performed according to the technology described above.

Repair of membrane roofs

PVC membranes are a specialized waterproofing coating designed to protect roofs and concrete foundations. In the production of membranes, the extrusion method is used. This ensures that the final material will have zero water absorption.

Mechanical damage and depressurization of the seams are the two main problems that arise during the improper operation of a flat membrane roof. For example, with inaccurate snow removal with an iron shovel.

For laying PVC roofing membrane, a special welding machine

To repair mechanical damage, you will need to perform the following work:

The area of the membrane web with damage is cleaned and treated with an organic solvent.
A patch is cut out from a single piece of the membrane, the size of which will cover the gap or other damage on the surface of the roofing carpet by 5–10 cm.
The patch is placed on the prepared section of the roof and soldered using a welding machine. During heating, the patch is gradually smoothed out with a roller.

The depressurization of the seams occurs due to a violation of the technology of laying PVC membranes. As a rule, the membrane is not warmed up well or placed “in tightness” to hide irregularities.

For repairs, it will be necessary to treat the inner surface of the peeled seams with a solvent. If required, they should be cleaned with improvised means. Next, the seams are soldered with a welding machine. If the length of the unstuck seam exceeds 5–7 m, then it is additionally glued with Eternbond repair tape.

Video: installing a patch on a membrane roof

Repair of mastic roofs

Liquid rubber, unlike bituminous roll coatings and roofing membranes, allows you to create a seamless roofing carpet. This is especially true for flat roofs of old buildings, where the preliminary arrangement of a concrete screed is impossible due to the load that it exerts on the bearing elements of the building.

Liquid rubber for roofing is a two-component composition that is mixed before application to the surface.

The main damage to the mastic roof is cracks that occur during long-term operation of the roof. For their repair, liquid rubber of a similar composition is used, which was applied earlier. For example, liquid rubber "Slavyanka" for roofing is a two-component composition, which is applied using a unit high pressure and spray nozzles.

Roof repair technology using liquid rubber is a combination of the following operations:

If extensive damage is present on the roof surface, then first of all it is necessary to eliminate local holes on the roof. After the repaired areas have dried, a second layer 3–4 mm thick is applied. If necessary, fiberglass is laid and the finishing layer of liquid rubber is arranged.

Video: spraying liquid rubber on the roof

How to draw up a budget

Before performing any repair work their cost should be calculated. To do this, you will need to draw up an estimate in electronic or paper form. This will avoid shortages or overruns. building materials required for repair work. Especially if a major overhaul is planned.

In the presence of swelling of the roofing, a cross-shaped incision is made with further processing of the damaged area

In order to make an estimate, you must perform the following steps:

measure the work surface - using a tape measure and other tools, the work surface is measured and inspected. Based on the data obtained, the total surface area in need of repair is calculated;
calculate the quantity and cost of consumables - based on the current state of the flat roof, the type of repair that is planned to be carried out is selected. With this in mind, consumables and tools necessary for these works are selected;
calculate the roofing - according to the measurements and technical condition, the roofing is selected, with the use of which the repair will be carried out. Based on this, its quantity and cost are calculated;
draw up a work plan - at this stage it is necessary to consider how the material will be delivered to the site and in what sequence the repair activities will be carried out;
adjust the amount of consumables - the previously obtained amount of consumables must be increased by 15 to 20%. This will allow you to make a margin for errors in cutting and accidental damage during repair work;
choose a hardware store - prices are monitored in the construction markets and in stores represented in your region. If possible, you can contact the store directly with the estimate. The cost of delivery and unloading of the material should be added to the final cost.

If the repair work will be carried out by skilled workers, then the corresponding item should be included in the estimate. It is not recommended to purchase a specialized tool for performing work for personal use. It's better to rent it. Especially if it is planned to carry out a major overhaul in compliance with the technology.

Maintenance of a flat roof

The current repair of a flat roof includes work aimed at eliminating local damage in the form of cuts, breakthroughs, cracks and blisters. In fact, these works allow you to quickly eliminate local damage without affecting entire sections of the roof.

Basically, current repairs are carried out in case of damage to the soft roof, for which bitumen or membrane coatings were used. Current repairs can be performed independently without contacting specialists - a minimum of tools is required here.

For the installation of a soft roof, bitumen-based roll material is most often used, which is called "Stekloizol"

As an example, we can consider the current repair technology for various local damages. To perform the work, you will need a bituminous waterproofing material (stekloizol, euroroofing material, bikrost), a gas or gasoline burner, a sharp knife, a rolling roller, cold bituminous mastic.

The general technology for repairing extensive damage to a flat roof surface is as follows:

When using rolled coatings with built-up surface, the laying technology is similar to that described above, except that a building hair dryer is required to install the patch. The working surface of the cut patch is heated with a hairdryer until the bituminous layer becomes soft. Then the canvas is carefully laid on the hole and ironed with a roller.

The technology for eliminating cracks and minor damage to the canvas (15–20 cm) is similar - the damaged area is cleaned of protective dressing, after which mastic is applied and an overlapping patch is glued. In this case, it is not necessary to cut the damaged canvas.

Video: Installing a weld metal patch

Flat roof overhaul

Major repairs, as specified in the section above, are appropriate when damage and defects are present on more than 40% of the total flat roof area.

The essence of the overhaul is the complete replacement of the current roofing material. If necessary, a complete replacement of the roofing pie can be carried out, including steam and heat insulation, as well as a screed.

Dismantling of the roofing is carried out using special equipment

As an example, consider the overhaul of a flat roof with the further laying of a welded roll coating. To complete the work, you will need a seam cutter, a chipper, a concrete mixer, a gas burner, a shovel, a laser level, a metal rule.

The overhaul technology consists of the following:

A complete dismantling of the damaged roll coating, PVC membrane or liquid rubber is carried out. For this, a grinder, a wall chaser and a sharp ax with a metal handle are used.
The working surface is cleaned with hard brushes, shovels and grinders. The removed roofing material is cut into small sheets, after which it is stored in a separate place. If possible, the dismantled material is transported to a landfill.

After dismantling, the old roofing must be taken to a specialized landfill.
A visual inspection of the working surface is carried out, during which its technical condition is determined. If the surface is represented by a concrete screed, then in most cases it must be dismantled.
The concrete screed is being dismantled. For this concrete surface marked with a seam cutter. To remove the concrete layer, special chippers are used.
Construction debris is being cleaned and the roof surface is being prepared for pouring concrete screed. For this, shovels, brooms and other equipment are used. After cleaning, the surface is wetted with water.
Linear guides are being installed. For this, special steel beacons are used, which are mounted on dowels or a cement-sand mixture. When installing, a slope (3–5%) is observed from the center to the edges of the roof or vice versa.

Roof screed is carried out according to pre-equipped guides
A concrete mixture is being prepared based on cement grade M300. If possible, it is better to use ready-made dry mixes from the manufacturer. As reinforcement, in order not to weigh down the concrete floor slab, microfiber is used, which is added to the mortar during mixing.
Concrete screed is being poured. To do this, the mixture is fed in portions starting from the center of the roof. For distribution, steel or wooden rule. During work, the screed is checked by level for compliance with the required slope.
After pouring and distribution, the concrete screed is covered with polyethylene. In this state, the roof surface must be moistened with water 2-3 times a day for 7 days. Full time drying of the concrete layer - 28 days.
After 2 weeks from the moment of pouring, the linear guides can be dismantled. The resulting voids are cleaned and overwritten with a similar composition concrete mix.

Laying a roll or membrane coating is carried out only after the concrete screed has completely dried.
After the screed has dried, the surface is cleaned of abrasive particles. After that, the vapor barrier diffusion membrane is laid. The vapor barrier is laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm relative to the adjacent row.
Laying in progress thermal insulation material in the form of mineral or basalt slabs. If it is planned to install an operated roof, then it is recommended to lay cotton wool in slabs with a density of at least 50 kg / m 3.

A mineral or basalt wool insulation is laid on a concrete screed
Thermal insulation boards are laid end to end. If necessary, the second layer is laid in a run-up so that the joints of the first layer do not coincide with the joints of the second.
A thin-layer concrete screed (3-4 cm) with fiberglass is poured. The technology of preparation and pouring was described above (see paragraph 8). After the second layer of concrete screed has dried, the laying of the roofing begins.
2-3 layers of lining roll material are being laid. To do this, the canvas is gently rolled out as the working surface warms up using a propane or gasoline burner.

A gas or gasoline burner is used for laying welded roofing.
Roofing material, as well as lining, is mounted in a run-up with an overlap on the sides of the roof. If a roll coating is used, which is laid on the mastic, then the surface is first smeared with a primer, and only then the material is laid.

At the final stage, roof aerators, gutters, junctions, cornices and other accessories and devices are installed.

It should be borne in mind that the overhaul of a flat roof in each case may have certain features. This is largely due to the operational state of the roof, previously laid waterproofing material, etc. But in general, any overhaul consists of dismantling, cleaning and preparing the old surface, laying the underlying and roofing material.

Video: laying roofing on a flat roof

Repair of a flat roof storm drain

Gutter system private or apartment building designed and calculated long before the construction of the house. During the construction of private buildings (garages, one-story houses), as a rule, an external organized drainage system is used. During the construction of multi-apartment multi-storey buildings, an internal drainage system is designed and constructed.

Before repairing the roof of private buildings, it is recommended to perform a preliminary dismantling storm sewer. After repair, the storm drain is mounted back. If its repair is required, then during installation, damaged funnels, gutters, brackets and other products are replaced with new ones.

The roof funnel is mounted during the installation of the roofing pie

Repair of the internal storm drain is carried out in the following sequence:

The internal channel is cleaned using a flexible cable with a nozzle in the form of a metal brush.
At the stage of installation of linear guides for the screed, a slope is formed towards the technological hole in the roof structure.
After the concrete screed has dried, installation is carried out roof funnel into the technological hole on the cement mortar.
After drying mounting solution the surface near the funnel is treated with a bituminous primer.
Next, the laying of rolled waterproofing in 2 layers is carried out. After that, a compression ring is mounted and a hole is cut in the funnel.

Features of repairing a flat roof in winter

Maintenance and overhaul of flat roofs in winter is carried out only in exceptional cases, when repair work is necessary to maintain the integrity of the ceiling.

Laying the roll coating in winter should be carried out with extreme caution.

When working in the winter period, the following rules must be observed:

it is advisable to carry out repair work on a clear day - this will avoid problems when laying roofing material;
when laying materials, moisture should not be allowed to enter between the various layers of the roofing cake;
if the winter is snowy, then frame-tent shelters are used for repairs, which make it possible to avoid rainfall on the roof surface.

To ensure the thermal regime, gasoline or gas heat guns. Roofing material must be kept at room temperature within 24–36 h.

How much does a flat roof repair cost?

Flat roof repairs are complex works, so their final cost consists of the cost of the material, the cost of its delivery, labor costs, etc. At the same time, the cost of a major overhaul is difficult to estimate without a preliminary inspection of a flat roof.

On average, the cost of current repairs, which you can do yourself, will cost no more than 200 rubles / m 2. The total costs mainly consist of the cost of the material and the rental of the tool, if one is not available. Capital works cost about 2–2.5 times more than local repairs of minor damage. If the repair is carried out with the involvement of specialists, then the final cost increases by about 2 times.

To estimate the cost of repairing a flat roof, you can use the table below. The data in the table is based on price lists from three specialized repair companies in the central region of Russia.

Table: Cost of Repairing an Existing Flat Roof

Name of works	Unit rev.	Price (work + materials), rub./m 2	Price (only works), rub./m 2
Repair of an existing flat roof with welded-on materials
Roof repair in 1 layer, including repair of the old roofing carpet (opening and gluing swellings and other defective places)	m 2	500	350
Repair of the roof in 2 layers, including the repair of the old roofing carpet (opening and gluing swellings and other defective places)	m 2	800	530
Roof repair in 2 layers, including the complete removal of the old roofing carpet and repair of the screed	m 2	900	560
Flat roof device capital construction and repair
Roofing device in 2 layers on the finished base	m 2	750	430
Installation of a new lightweight roof (vapor barrier, mineral wool insulation 150 mm, 2 layers of built-up material)	m 2	1700	570
Installation of a new roof (vapor barrier, mineral wool insulation 150 mm, reinforced cement-sand screed, 2 layers of built-up material)	m 2	2400	800
Installation of a new roof with screed and rake (vapor barrier, mineral wool insulation 150 mm, keramzit rake with an average thickness of 100 mm, reinforced cement-sand screed, 2 layers of deposited material)	m 2	2700	910
Repair of an existing flat roof made of polymer membranes
Repair of an old roof with a PVC membrane cover (removal of bubbles on the old carpet, installation of geotextile, installation of a 1.2 mm membrane cover)	m 2	850	350
The installation of a roofing carpet made of PVC membrane on a finished base with mechanical fastening	m 2	750	250
Installation of a new lightweight roof (vapor barrier, insulation with mineral wool boards 150 mm thick, installation of a roofing carpet made of PVC membrane 1.2 mm)	m 2	1750	420
Installation of a new roof with a screed and rake (vapor barrier, insulation with mineral wool boards 150 mm thick, expanded clay rake, cement-sand screed up to 50 mm thick, installation of a roofing carpet made of PVC membrane 1.2 mm)	m 2	3000	1000

Overhaul of the roof is an expensive work on the quality of which depends on the comfort and coziness inside the living quarters of the house. Therefore, when building a house, you should do all the work efficiently and not save on materials. In order not to bring the roof to a critical state, it is recommended to perform a scheduled inspection and local repairs, if necessary.

We are glad to welcome you on the site of the roofing company "Stroy-Alliance"
The main and priority activity of our organization is the high-quality performance of work on the installation and repair of roofs. flat type. We will reliably carry out the following works:

	Laying gasket and built-up vapor barrier.
	Each type of these plates has its own advantages and disadvantages. Call us and we will offer you the brand of insulation that is right for you.
	We will perform work on creating slopes from expanded clay or using wedge-shaped thermal insulation.
	Installation of cement-sand and prefabricated screeds.
	Reliable brands of roofing waterproofing. No fiberglass as the basis of the rolls. Only fiberglass and polyester. The traditional technology for the repair of soft flat roofs includes the fusing of roofing roll materials using gas burners. This method of installing and repairing flat roofs is intuitive and has been used for over 30 years. The practical experience of performing such work by the specialists of our organization is 17 years. Used as roofing quality materials TechnoNikol company.
	Polymer-bitumen grades with a thickness of more than 6 mm (with two-layer laying) The service life of the roll coating is from 15 years. Strict adherence to the technology of work.
	Domestic and imported polymeric membranes. All accessories for installation are available. Three automatic welding machines. Crews with 10 years of experience in PVC membrane roofing.
	Operational visit to the object. Reliable troubleshooting. The roofers of Stroy-Alliance are certified by TechnoNikol.
	Compose according to terms of reference or defective bill of quotation within 1 business day. If necessary, we will calculate the cost at state rates.

In our activities we use only proven technologies and use materials that have passed many years of testing in real operating conditions. As a matter of principle, we do not work with materials that have low technical indicators and short service life. We supply the main materials to the object, directly from the manufacturing plants, bypassing intermediaries.
We offer potential Customers various methods of work performance. This also applies to the optimization of grades of materials, and technologies used in the installation of roof structures. We know how to save money without losing quality!

Do you want the repair or installation of a flat roll roof to be carried out with high quality, without violations of technology and in a short time?
Call now or leave a request and our roofers will get down to business!

Benefits of cooperation with Stroy-Alliance

Stroy-Alliance is proud of its team. Due to the fact that we do not have a "staff turnover", over the years of our existence, the company's employees have gained invaluable experience, trained in Russian and foreign companies. All this guarantees that our specialists will prevent errors, take into account every nuance in the work and provide a high-quality product as a result. Stroy-Alliance specialists clearly fulfill their obligations under the contract, so our company is considered a reliable partner. Expensive modern equipment that we use for installation, repair of flat, soft, built-up, bituminous roofing, laying of rolled roofing, roof waterproofing is the advantage of Stroy-Alliance, as this allows us to minimize the time of work without loss of quality.

More than ten years is our experience with PVC membranes. We provide our services at a wide variety of facilities: shopping malls, warehouse terminals, private houses;
Installation of membrane roofing is carried out in the shortest possible time (from 500 square meters in a day);
Quick budgeting, preparation of a full package of documents when putting the object into use (acts of acceptance of work performed, acts of hidden work, etc.);
Installation of a rolled roof made of PVC membranes, repair, installation of a built-up flat roof are carried out by us throughout the Central Federal District of Russia;
The work of Stroy-Alliance fully complies with tax legislation (when concluding a work contract, VAT is deducted);
Installation, repair of a flat roof is carried out using a variety of methods (modern and traditional);
Departure of a technical specialist is carried out with maximum efficiency and completely free of charge;
Brands of materials used are agreed with the Customer;
When providing services, we use the latest foreign equipment;
Citizens of the Russian Federation work in the brigade.

Leave your roof repair worries on the shoulders of our specialists!

Flat roofs are gradually conquering the private housing market. There are many reasons for this, but one of them is important - an increase in the service life and ease of repair. In this article we will tell you in what ways it is possible to repair a flat roof, what materials are used for this, how much life is extended roof structure after the repair work.

Flat roof covering materials

Flat roofs were very rarely used in private housing construction. In the recent past, this was the prerogative of civil and industrial construction projects. And the material with which such roofs were covered was roofing material. That is, cardboard impregnated with bitumen. It was laid in several layers, smeared with hot bitumen.

Such roofing served no more than 5 years. Under the influence low temperatures the roofing material began to crack because it did not have sufficient elasticity. In summer, on the contrary, it softened and expanded, forming voids under it. Repair services checked the roofs covered with roofing material every year for the formation of defects. And the inhabitants apartment buildings living on the top floor knew exactly when the roofs failed due to smudges on the ceilings.

And then the repair began, which dragged on for several weeks, because it is not easy to work with hot bitumen and roofing material. In addition, spot repairs, that is, patching of defects, did not lead to the required results. Therefore, most often a flat roof was completely covered with another repair layer, spending a lot of money and effort on this.

The appearance on the market of more modern roofing materials for covering flat roofs made it possible, firstly, to increase the service life of roofing - up to 30 years, no less. Secondly, the materials themselves, in which polymer additives were introduced, became more elastic and maintainable. This is how bitumen-polymer roll materials based on fiberglass appeared on the market, which is processed with a mixture of modified bitumen and some kind of polymer. More often for this today they use polyvinyl chloride, aka PVC.

But it should be noted that even such strong and elastic films cannot guarantee one hundred percent service in terms of that they will “work” on the roofs for the period declared by the manufacturer. Because, as practice shows, there are three reasons for the appearance of defects and flaws:

marriage of the roofer material;

illiterate installation on a flat roof;

resource reduction during operation, that is, the longer the coating is on the roof, the faster its performance decreases.

Statistics show that the first position is rare. The last two are more common. In general, the laying of roofing should be approached from the position professional installation. After all, the roof of the house is its protection from natural loads, where precipitation comes first. What can happen if the roof is not properly covered, everyone knows.

Types of roofing defects

Let's start by identifying the types of defects that are most common on flat roofs. These are standard defects: cracks, through holes, air bubbles, peeling edges and others.

It should be noted that PVC flat roof repair should be divided into two categories: simple and complex. The first includes minor defects: small punctures, a small crack length. To the second - air bubbles and delaminations.

Repair of minor defects

For example, if it is a crack, then the easiest way is to heat its edges and roll it with a small roller. The thing is that PVC roofing type membranes are self-adhesive materials. Treated with a special adhesive long time do not lose it, even if detachment occurs. Glue almost throughout the entire period of operation of a flat roof does not lose its characteristics. Therefore, by heating it, that is, by bringing it into a plastic state, it can be guaranteed that it will last for many more years.

If the hole in the roofing is small, the same puncture, then they do exactly the same way. If the hole is, say, a few centimeters, then a patch is indispensable. It is cut out from the same PVC membrane so that it covers the defect by 5-10 cm on each side. After that, it is laid at the place of the flaw, heated with a special welded apparatus that generates a jet of hot air, and rolled with a roller, strongly pressing against the roofing.

The only thing to consider when repairing a PVC membrane is to pre-dry the place that is being repaired. Because the moisture accumulated in the roofing defect will resist the bonding process. This means that moisture must be removed. For drying, use the same welding machine or building hair dryer.

Overhaul of a flat PVC roof

If the flat roof defects are significant, then spot repairs will not help here. We will have to carry out a set of measures or the so-called overhaul. It is carried out using different technologies.

If a many defects on the roof, they are located evenly throughout the area and at the same time close to each other friend, then better old roofing coating do not dismantle. For example, a large number of small cracks. It must be cleaned of debris, dry well and coated with a primer. The last one is liquid material based on polymers or bitumen, which, when dried on the roof plane, forms a film with high adhesive properties. And already on this plane you can lay a PVC membrane, completely closing the roof. In this case, standard technology is used with gluing the edges of the strips by hot welding. This technology is considered the cheapest, because no Nnecessarydismantle old coating, and the polymer membrane itself is laid in one layer.

If a defects roofing big and them lot. In this case, you will have to dismantle old roofing coating up to the waterproofing layer, which closes the heat-insulating cake. Here it is very important to correctly approach the process so as not to damage waterproofing and especially the heater. If this happens, you will have to repair and lower layers, and this increase repair budget. So, the waterproofing layer is intact, now it is necessary to treat it with a primer, and then lay the PVC membrane on top using standard technology. Depending on the angle of inclination of the flat roof from 1° to 5°, the number of membrane layers can vary from 2 to 4.

If a leaks not found in time, then it will be necessary to carry out a major overhaul not only of the roofing, but of the entire roof as a whole. It is clear that precipitation and water from melted snow penetrated into the layers of thermal insulation, vapor barrier and screed, damaging them significantly. Therefore, it will be necessary dismantle all these layers. Sometimes they try not to touch the screed, but only repair wet areas. Although it is better to remove the entire screed layer to get some kind of guarantee. And after that restore everything roofing cake layers followed by laying PVC membranes in several layers. It turns out that this repair option dearest and labour intensive.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

To avoid problems associated with overhaul, it is recommended to periodically inspect flat roof for the formation of minor defects, and urgently take all measures to eliminate them. And also to clean the plane from debris, which, as practice shows, is often the cause of flaws. That is, in this way you can avoid spending a lot of money, because, for example, repairing a flat roof in Moscow costs a lot of money. Here are the average rates for the operations carried out:

installation of a PVC membrane in one layer - 600 rubles / m²;

dismantling of strictly roofing - 400 rubles / m²;

installation of insulation with a layer of 100 mm - 250 rubles / m²;

primer treatment - 110 rubles / m²;

pouring the screed - 550 rubles / m²;

installation of steam or waterproofing - 60 rubles / m²;

cleaning and garbage disposal - 3000 rubles /t.

Video description

In the video, a specialist talks about how to repair a flat roof covered with a PVC membrane:

How to repair a flat roof covered with other roll materials

In addition to PVC membranes, which belong to the group of self-adhesive roll materials, flat roofs are also covered with other roll-type products:

Adhesive. For this use bituminous mastic , which is first applied to the surface of the roof, and then it is spread out in strips and a roll coating, rolling it with a roller. The strips, as in all technologies, are laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm, the edges of the overlap are also smeared with mastic.

Built-up roof. It is too roll material, only before laying it is heated with an open fire from a gas burner. Bitumen applied to the reverse side of the material melts and becomes semi-liquid. It also functions as an adhesive.

These roofing materials are repaired differently than PVC membranes. For example, if these are minor defects: small cracks or holes, then they are simply covered with bituminous mastic, the latter is applied with a spatula.

If the roof defects are large, for example, a long and wide crack (hole), then it is closed with a patch of the same material as the roof itself. The patch is cut out larger than the defect by 5-10 cm. The defect itself is well treated with bituminous mastic, the patch is laid, rolled, and after drying, another thick layer of mastic is applied on top, covering the entire area of the patch and the boundaries of the joints.

If a flat roof defect is air bubble or swelling, as a result of moisture getting under the coating, then the defective area is cut with a sharp knife into four halves, as shown in the photo below, further:

dry the defective area building hair dryer;

treated with mastic;

press the petals of the cut to your place;

roll them with a roller;

treated with mastic;

placed over the defective patch patch;

squeeze her and rolled;

over apply bituminous mastic thick layer.

As with PVC membranes, the overhaul of a flat roof covered with other types of rolled materials is carried out in the same way. That is, with the complete dismantling of the roofing or with the complete dismantling of all layers with which the roof was covered.

Video description

The video shows one of the flat roof repair technologies:

Repair of a flat roof from corrugated board

Most often, corrugated board fails for two reasons:

decrease in service life due to which the protective layers become thinner, hence the formation of fistulas (through holes) and areas covered with rust;

The ideal option in the first case is to carry out a complete replacement of the roofing. Because the material worn out from time and natural loads will fail all the time. And its repair is a waste of money, effort and time for nothing.

As for the second option, small holes can be repaired, extending the life of the profiled sheets. There are few repair technologies. One that is most commonly used is the laying of a patch cut from rolled polymer bitumen roofing material. They do it like this:

clean up the defect;

dry it;

treated with bituminous mastic;

stack patch, pressing it well and rolling it with a roller;

put another one on top mastic layer with full closure joints two materials around the perimeter of the patch.

Video description

The video tells about the materials with which you can repair a flat roof:

Conclusion on the topic

So, we have analyzed the topic of repairing flat roofs. From the information provided, it becomes clear that the complexity of this process, and, accordingly, the price of repair work, depends on the complexity of the defects and their number. Therefore, you should not bring the roof to a state where you have to carry out major repairs. You just need to, at least once a year, inspect it for the appearance of flaws. And then get rid of them.