Putty: types and subtleties of puttying walls. Wall puttying technology for leveling wallpaper: which mixture to choose, how to apply, how many layers and how good the finish is How to properly putty walls

10.11.2019

Puttying the walls is a difficult and time-consuming process, but very important. Is it possible to putty with your own hands? How to properly putty and how to level the walls with putty, you will learn from this article.

Before you start any construction work in an apartment, house, in the country with your own hands, you should think through everything well and find out in detail about all the intricacies and features of the process. After all, each incorrectly performed construction manipulation can ruin the entire repair, as well as entail additional financial costs.

Peculiarities

Comfort and beauty in the apartment begins with renovation. Wall putty is a small part of a big deal. Before the redecoration of the room of the apartment, you need to properly prepare it. The main preparation is the alignment of surfaces with the further application of paints and wallpapers on them. Sometimes it is necessary to putty the walls in order to level the base, increase its strength and reliability. Properly preparing the surface means removing all contaminants and making a thorough cleaning.

The process of puttying walls has a lot of features. This is the type of material that will be used in the process of work, and the type of putty, and the surface that will be subject to the puttying process, and much, much more.

Compound

Putty is a building material in the form of a paste or powder. Its composition can be quite varied. It contains laundry soap, flour, carpentry, animal glue, sifted gypsum, various varnishes, drying oils, talc, chalk, barite, zinc white, ocher, soot, kaolin, asbestos and red lead.

Depending on the type of putty and its main filler, the composition may also include auxiliary components in the form of driers, natural drying oil, esters, acrylic acid, salt, plasticizers, calcium carbonate.

According to the presence of film forming components in it, it is divided into three groups:

plaster;
Cement;
Polymer.

Gypsum putty is made up of gypsum. It is plastic and resistant to high humidity. If speak about physical properties material, it looks like a white powder with a density of 2.4. The tensile strength ranges from 3 to 15. When it hardens, the gypsum begins to expand and its volume increases by 1%. The strength of the material is ensured through the use low pressure and saturated steam.

Scope of gypsum putty:

large cracks;
seams on the concrete surface;
gypsum boards;
bricks.

Cement putty, unlike gypsum putty, hardens more slowly. Therefore, it is done in large volumes and surface treatment is carried out at an accelerated pace. But it is worth remembering that it tends to shrink, so the application layer must be thick.

The polymer mixture does not shrink and does not allow moisture to pass through. This type is the most expensive of the three listed. Its basis is an adhesive polymer binder.

Putty can be prepared at home.

Below are a few recipes for making a solution yourself:

Oil putty. For its manufacture, you need to take one kilogram of drying oil, one hundred grams of desiccant (NF-1) and two kilograms of chalk.
Adhesive putty. To make it, you need to mix 1 kg of a 10% glue solution with 25 g of drying oil and add 2 kg of sifted chalk to this. Drying oil is added to the heated glue and mixed thoroughly, then chalk is poured.

Also putty is divided into water-soluble and water-insoluble.

But no matter how ideal the putty composition is, it should never be applied to walls painted with water-based paint.

The result of such a big mistake will be wasted time, because the putty will not stick to it and will fall off. The possibility of applying it to fiberglass also depends on the constituent components of the putty.

Kinds

When the moment of choosing putty comes, the consumer is lost and does not understand what exactly needs to be bought and what should be paid attention to. After all, puttying the walls during repair work- a very important stage, so before you buy anything, you should study in detail all types of putties.

Wall putty is divided into two categories:

dry;
ready to use.

Dry mixes for leveling walls are preferred. They are sold in bags and in packages.

The advantages of this type include:

Ease of preparation.
Possibility of making a solution of the required viscosity.
Ease of storage, easy transportation.
Affordable price.
Long shelf life is long.
Not afraid of temperature changes.

Each building material has its pros and cons.

The disadvantages of dry mixes include:

Waste of time preparing a mortar for puttying.
In the process of preparation, you must strictly follow the instructions.
The terms of the finished working mixture are very limited, so you often have to prepare a fresh portion of the solution.

Ready-to-use putties are sold in plastic buckets or jars.

This building material has its positive aspects:

No time frame for using the solution.
No time is wasted preparing the working mixture.

Among ready-made putties for walls, the following varieties can be found on the shelves of hardware stores:

Cement.
Gypsum.
Polymer.

The basic basis of cement putty is cement. This type of mixture has been familiar to builders since the days of the USSR. It has a gray color and several brands. For facade decoration, more reliable brands are used, which have increased strength.

The scope of their application is the walls of the facades of buildings and internal walls premises with high humidity. Microcracks are allowed. They are frost-resistant, because they contain antifreeze. The only but significant drawback of cement putty is a strong degree of shrinkage.

Gypsum mortar has White color, in any case, mixtures of foreign manufacturers are snow-white. Domestic mixtures may have a yellowish tint, since gypsum of local deposits is used in the production, and it is not pure white. The place of use is the walls on which the wallpaper will be glued or to be painted. Not applicable in bathrooms, toilets and swimming pools. Does not tolerate cold temperatures, so it is appropriate to use only indoors. An exemplary example of gypsum putty is considered to be ASB made in Turkey and products of the world famous concern Knauf.

Gypsum mortar is an ideal building material for use in areas where people live, as it is environmentally friendly, does not emit harmful substances and has the unique function of maintaining an ideal microclimate in the house.

The polymer type of putty refers to innovative materials that have recently appeared on the market. building materials.

Polymer putty has two varieties:

acrylic;
latex.

Acrylic mix is easy to use. It is applied both to front works, and to internal. It is called a universal mixture and is used as a rough, leveling and finishing finish. Its basis is acrylic, and, as you know, it belongs to the class of synthetic substances, which means that acrylic putty has a number of advantages over gypsum and cement mixtures. For example, acrylic perfectly reacts with the components that make up cement mortar, and this gives the finished material strength and smoothness. This mixture is absolutely resistant to frost.

If the putty is slightly dry, then you can freshen it up a little and dilute it with plain water.

Latex putty is used exclusively for interior work. It does not shrink and is very elastic, so it can be applied in a very thin layer. It is used on any surfaces, including metal, which cannot be said about other types of similar materials. Polymer putty is an expensive expense item for materials, but the result justifies expectations. When purchasing it, you need to be careful, since there are many fakes of this type of mixture on the market.

Among the shortcomings, one can be distinguished - latex putty does not breathe. However, it contains antiseptics, antifungal agents and anti-corrosion agents.

According to the purpose, putty material is divided into the following types:

Leveling;
Finishing;
Specialized;
Universal.

Leveling compound is used to level surfaces. She has excellent adhesion to the base, so she lays down evenly and smoothly. Possesses the increased durability.

The finishing mixture serves as a preparatory base for decorative wall decoration.

Specialized mixtures perform specific tasks - the elimination of panel joints, urgent repair work.

Universal mixtures perform all the functions of the previous types of putty and are used at all stages of work and on almost any wall surface.

But buyers choose mixtures, as a rule, starting from the cost of the material.

The most familiar classification of putties for buyers is their division into:

starting;
finishing.

Their main distinguishing feature from a technical point of view is the size of the filling fraction. In other words, the composition of the starting one contains grains of quartz sand that fill in irregularities and cracks. They are much larger than those contained in the finishing putty. Accordingly, the starting mixture is applied in a thicker layer. The only thing with which there are problems is with the grout of the applied starting mixture. This is usually done with grinding tools. You should not expect a perfectly even and smooth surface from the starting putty, but the finishing mixture gives this effect.

In practice, these two types of building mixture are used in tandem. First, the starting mixture is applied, and then, after it has completely dried, the finishing putty is applied.

In addition to all of the above types of putty, there are some more:

Adhesive.
Oil.
Oil-glue.
Shakril.

These types are highly specialized and are used mainly only by professionals.

Surface types

For each surface it is necessary to select a certain type of putty.

OSB boards

OSB plate- This is a woody, chipped, multilayer surface that has noticeable roughness. To level them, it is necessary to putty the surface.

An ideal option for this would be a leveling putty designed to work on wooden surfaces. It is forbidden to use a material intended for leveling surfaces made of brick or concrete. It will be in vain - the putty will simply disappear.

Suitable for this:

Mixtures with oil-adhesive components. They contain oil varnishes, natural drying oil and auxiliary fillers, which are similar to the wood structure. Such mixtures include LSh-1 and LSh-2. If wallpaper will be glued to the putty in the future, then the putty mixture can be replaced with glyptal varnish (M-175) or paints with fillers.
Adhesive mixtures. The basis of such mixtures is oil, adhesive solution and plasticizer. Such mixtures are similar to putties that can be made at home.
Nitro putty. This is a mixture that dries very quickly. They include cellulose ether, resin, plasticizer, and solvent. The most popular types of nitro putty are ASh-32 and MBSH.

But apart from the special modification, putty for OSB-boards should be endowed with a number of special characteristics:

Excellent adhesion, this has already been mentioned.
homogeneous consistency. The composition should not contain large particles.
Low shrinkage. This significantly reduces the repair time.
Increased hardness and the possibility of grinding.
The possibility of applying dyes and wallpapering on it.

slopes

In order for the slopes to turn out to be of high quality and look aesthetically pleasing, they need to be properly puttied, and for this you need a suitable putty mixture.

So, if the slopes are indoors, where temperature regime is normal and there are no significant differences, then you need to choose a putty with a fine fraction, which will make the coating perfectly smooth and even.

For slopes from the outside, where there are temperature differences, it is necessary to use a putty with a large fraction. It must be resistant to high humidity and frost-resistant. The ideal choice is a cement mixture.

Foam blocks

Puttying a foam block surface is a responsible and difficult job, since this surface has significant irregularities.

In order for puttying to be of high quality, you need to buy a mixture with the following characteristics:

cement base;
mineral aggregates;
functional auxiliary components;
increased plasticity;
frost resistance;
humidity resistance.

Styrofoam

Many people are interested in issues related to puttying polystyrene foam, since warming houses outside and inside with this material is a relatively inexpensive procedure. To protect the foam from external factors(sun, moisture, frost, mechanical impact), it must be puttied.

For putty foam used:

universal mixtures;
special blends with polystyrene components.

This type of putty should have the following characteristics:

Increased adhesion. The presence of glue in the putty.
Purpose for internal / external works.
Resistant to temperature changes.
High moisture resistance.

The most demanded in the building materials market are putty mixtures "Master", Polimin, Ceresit. The ideal choice is a cement-based putty.

concrete surfaces

The repair in the apartment in general depends on the quality of the puttying of the walls, because wallpaper will be glued to the putty walls in the future or paint will be applied. There is no need for puttying only if ceramic tiles are laid on concrete walls.

putty concrete walls needed for two main reasons:

For alignment.
To reduce the absorption of concrete.

You need to choose a dry mix for puttying, starting from how uneven the walls are. For the procedure, you must buy both the starter mix and the finish mix. The starting putty should be coarse-grained, and the finishing putty should be fine-grained. The most popular mixtures for concrete surfaces are Knauf, Ceresit, Caparol.

The main characteristics that putty for concrete surfaces should have:

instant grip;
high strength;
the presence of a waterproofing function;
frost resistance;
high elasticity;
no shrinkage;
thixotropy - the ability to increase viscosity;
waterproof.

A quick setting is necessary, since the putty is applied in a thick layer (3-5 cm). Elasticity will help the solution to penetrate into all the cracks.

The mixture should be based on cement, but mixing it with other substances is strictly prohibited, since all basic properties will be lost.

plastic surfaces

The hardest thing is to putty plastic surfaces, as many people who have encountered this process believe. In this case, putty performs repair functions, eliminating defects and irregularities before painting.

Putty for plastic surfaces must have:

high elasticity;
the highest degree of adhesion with respect to many polymers;
increased impact strength;
high hydrophobicity;
to be polished.

So, this mixture is a fine-grained composition of several components, including resin and hardener. It is forbidden to use putty on thermoplastic, nitrocellulose, acrylic coatings.

Among the varieties of putties for plastic, there are:

liquid;
carbon;
with fiberglass.

Instruments

For high-quality puttying of walls in a room, you need not only a good putty mixture, but also the right tools.

During the process you will need:

Drill or industrial mixer. If dry putty is purchased, then you will have to prepare a solution from it yourself. To get a homogeneous consistency, you need a special mixer or drill with a nozzle.
The solution is applied to the walls using a spatula. Usually a set is bought, which includes many different shapes of spatulas - on a flat surface you need one type, and in hard-to-reach places a different form of spatula is more convenient.
Rollers and brushes required for priming. It is not recommended to exclude such a procedure, since it performs a protective function.
Level. It is necessary to determine how smooth the walls turned out.
Sandpaper. If any inaccuracies and irregularities are found on the treated surface, they are eliminated. This requires sandpaper. If the amount of work is large enough, it is recommended to use a manual skinner. When using the starting putty, coarse sandpaper will be more convenient, and if finishing putty is used, then it is more convenient to use fine paper of a fine fraction.
Container for mixing solution. Since the portion of the finished putty is kneaded insignificant due to its rapid drying, you can buy a small container.

Before you choose and buy a spatula, you need to try to use it. It turns out that it is not so easy, especially for beginners. Some people find it more convenient to use a regular roller. But according to builders with extensive experience, it is not very convenient for them to putty walls, since it is difficult to achieve perfectly flat surfaces.

As for the choice of spatula, here you should pay attention to the following details:

the facade roller has a considerable width and blade size, and the paint roller is smaller with a narrow blade;
the spatula handle must be strong so that after the first use it does not remain in the hands of the master;
The most comfortable are tools with rubberized handles;
paint spatulas quickly fail;
the ideal width of the spatula blade is 50 cm, for hard-to-reach places it is necessary to use blades up to 15 cm wide;
a lamp or a small lamp is needed, with the help of which all irregularities and flaws after puttying are determined. It is better to use a halogen lamp for this purpose;
a construction knife and a stapler should be at hand.

If we talk about sets, then it would be right to opt for a set that includes tools sized 5, 15, 40 and 60 cm. An angled spatula is provided for setting even corners, but only a specialist can use it for its intended purpose.

Solution preparation

It is known that you can buy a ready-made mixture or a ready-made putty solution, or you can do it yourself.

For the manufacture of gypsum putty at home, you will need 2-3 kg of chalk, a kilogram of gypsum, a 5% solution of wood glue. We mix the chalk with gypsum, then gradually pour this mixture into the glue previously poured into the bucket and mix thoroughly so that a homogeneous mass is obtained. Such a solution becomes solid very quickly, so it is better to prepare it in small quantities. It is used on concrete surfaces, to mask drywall joints, but only in rooms where humidity is not high.

You can also make your own oil putty. To do this, you need a kilogram of drying oil, 100 g of desiccant (to speed up the hardening process) and two kilograms of chalk powder. Mix all the ingredients until you get a homogeneous consistency. This solution is not afraid of temperature changes and high humidity. It is used on wood surfaces, as well as on walls that will be painted. oil paints.

Making a mortar from a purchased putty mixture is not difficult at all.

Below is step-by-step instruction, adhering to which you can get a quality solution for puttying walls:

Pour clean water at room temperature into a plastic bucket, about a quarter.
Slowly pour the dry mixture into the water. The quantity must correspond to that indicated in the instructions.
Using a mixer, beat everything until a homogeneous mass without visible lumps is obtained.
Let the solution stand for 5-10 minutes.
Then mix well and use.

In appearance, such a solution should resemble thick sour cream - this is a very important detail, since neither excessive density nor excess liquid will give a high-quality result when used. The putty layer of a thick batch will disappear immediately, and the liquid one will simply spread.

It is important to remember that in one batch of the solution there should be as much as is enough for 40 minutes of work.

If during the work the finished material was not completely used, it can be filled with water and not stirred, and when necessary, drain the water and use it further. This applies to polymer dry mixes.

Foundation preparation

Before you start puttying the walls, you need to properly prepare them, since the result of the work depends on it.

Preparing the wall for putty means removing all the dirt, old paint, soot, grease stains, wax, old plaster. Mechanical cleaning is carried out using a special hard brush, spatula and grinder. When all the debris is removed, it is the turn of the chemical cleaning of the wall, which consists in degreasing the surfaces. It is carried out with the help of special detergents. It will not be superfluous to use antifungal drugs.

If there is rust on the walls, then a conventional burner will help to remove it. The final stage of preparation is to check for large irregularities on the wall. Large differences are considered to be five millimeters or more. The problem is that the average layer of putty is two millimeters, so you have to level out large irregularities, and only then putty. To cover up large irregularities, it is cheaper to use plaster, and then deal with putty.

Subtleties of application

If you have to putty the walls in the apartment with your own hands, then in order to get a positive result and calmly continue the repair, you need to study all the nuances of applying the putty mortar. The technology of the process seems complicated only at first glance.

Puttying begins with cosmetic alignment. For this, the starting mixture is always used. It is necessary to apply the solution in a thin layer of one centimeter. The treated surface must dry completely. This takes 10-12 hours.

If you see that there are no dark spots on the wall, then everything is dry and you can continue puttying.

Now you should apply the finishing mixture. The technique for applying the finishing putty is different from the technique for applying the starting solution. The mixture is applied in two different directions, so all the irregularities immediately become noticeable. From the first time they will not disappear, especially for drywall and concrete surfaces, but everything will be eliminated in 2-3 times.

In hard-to-reach places, use a spatula right size. For many, difficulties arise at the moment when the process of aligning the corners occurs. In the process of work, there comes a moment when each corner needs, as they say, to press a corner, and then putty it.

If the corner is inserted incorrectly or not deep enough, then there are problems with putty.

Another feature of puttying that people who do repair work on their own face with bark is painted walls. A logical question immediately arises - is it possible to putty on the paint?

This is only possible if:

The walls are painted with non-emulsion paint. It is very easy to check this. It is necessary to moisten the sponge with water and rub the painted surface, if the paint begins to foam and wash off, then it is an emulsion and it should never be putty.
If the paint on the walls does not flake or crack, otherwise the solution will be rejected.
If the paint is not based on drying oil.

But it is worth remembering that puttying painted walls is a risk.

If, having studied all the intricacies of the process or having tried to putty on their own, a person understands that this is a complete disappointment and it is better to resort to mechanized puttying of the walls.

Mechanized puttying is an innovative technology that came to us from the USA, which consists in puttying walls with the help of professional tools and devices.

Before starting any construction or repair work, you should always ask for advice from people who have already experienced this. Especially if a person encountered plastering or puttying with his own hands and without the help of professional craftsmen for the first time.

When puttying walls, you should know that:

Acquire high quality materials and tools for puttying.
When buying dry mixes, dilute the solution only in accordance with the instructions.
For each type of surface, a certain type of mixture is used.
It is necessary to clearly understand what wall decoration will follow after puttying. If wallpapering or painting walls, then puttying is necessary, if there are decorative panels or ceramic tiles, then there is no need for puttying.
Particular attention should be paid to filling corners that require additional tools.
Apply to high-quality plaster putty is not necessary, only if thin wallpaper or painting is supposed. For this, the walls must be perfectly even, which means that there must be putty.
If inside the room where the puttying work will take place, the temperature is below five degrees, then work is not recommended. The ideal temperature for puttying is + 15-25 degrees.
It is possible to carry out any repair manipulations after puttying only after a day. This is the maximum time for the complete drying of the putty.

How to putty the walls, see the video below.

Many people have a question, how to putty walls when self repair. Fear of doing wrong, especially corners, prevents them from making up their minds and performing alignment and budget finishing with your own hands. Smoothing is necessary to paint the walls and set the decor on the facade and in the interior, to create the desired style in the design of the apartment and the image of the house. The tool is simple and the composition can be bought ready-made or made at home.

We putty the walls in the house

Teaching my "nerd" friend how to putty on the walls of his own house

Vadik loves to study. He helped me in creating the foundation, finishing the facade and mastered various ways put beacons and plaster on them. Now he asked me a question about how to properly putty the walls and how to do it for decor. We start learning new skills in inconspicuous areas. A friend learned to plaster in the garage. How to putty walls masters in the pantry.

We putty with our own hands

Why such a laborious technology of wall puttying and leveling to a mirror state is needed, he knew. An experiment with painting drywall without a continuous finish has already been carried out.

I used to bring him metal spatulas of different sizes and rollers with short and long pile. In addition, a friend needed a tool:

corner spatulas;
solution container;
drill with attachment for mixing;
grater;
rule;
grinder;
line level.

Additionally for putty for decor:

notched trowel;
stencils;
embossed rollers;
brushes.

The whole tool is simple and puttying walls and corners with it is not difficult. I showed a friend how to putty plaster walls. First the starting lineup, then the finish lineup. He was already familiar with grinding.

Features of independent work for beginners

Puttying the walls with your own hands requires a little training. I advise novice specialists to use a ready-made composition to acquire their first skills. Then you can properly dilute the dry mix and work with it confidently. Besides:

Do not try to do it quickly, speed will come with experience.
Learn from gypsum mixes.
Take a spatula of medium width, up to 35 cm, it will be difficult for you to cope with a large one.
Knead the composition in small portions, it is better to make one more. Expect to use it at one time, before a break in work.
The tool must move at an inclination of up to 60 degrees. To cut the protrusions, the spatula blade is placed at right angles to the wall or a rule is used. This should be done after the gypsum putty has set before it hardens.
You can create a decoration for decor if you learn well how to properly putty.

The solution should be applied to a large spatula evenly and smoothly along the wall, reducing the angle.

Some experts believe that putty can serve to level significant differences and even make it along lighthouses. On the packaging of most formulations, the maximum applied layer is 3–5 mm, and only certain types are up to 10 mm. Polymer putties recommend applying 0.5 mm. Therefore, I believe that it is possible to putty small uneven walls made of gas blocks, drywall and polystyrene foam. The rest must be plastered.

Surface preparation and why you need to do it

We putty the walls in the apartment on our own

Before you putty the walls with your own hands, they need to be prepared. Vadik's walls were new, so the old peeling finish did not have to be removed. There were no black spots of fungus that needed to be removed. We simply removed dust with a powerful machine from plaster and drywall. Grease stains were etched and the walls were covered with a deep penetration primer in two layers.

They did not check the degree of unevenness before puttying the walls. Why do this if we ourselves plastered and brought out a plane up to 1 mm. Now we had to actually smooth out the roughness and cover it with a thin layer of putty for paint and decor.

If you have large depressions on your wall, then first putty these places, bringing the layer to zero along the edges of the depressions. Then it will be easier for you to putty the entire surface with the next layer.

Proper use of a quality leveling tool

Vadik was interested in how to putty the walls with his own hands, so that a minimum of transitions was formed. Specialists use professional tools. A 600 mm spatula will leave fewer grooves. But they need to know how to use it. A friend tried to press the blade against the wall with his free hand. As a result, zigzags went, and it turned out even worse.

I gave him some advice on how to putty properly.

The tool must be clean. It must be washed constantly.
The composition is applied to the middle of the spatula in a larger amount, then less is squeezed out along the edges.
The less mortar remains on the spatula, the more the tool leans against the wall.
The remaining transitions are immediately smoothed out.
To create a glossy surface, you can use a regular tool, depending on the composition and keep sanding to a minimum.
A special profile helps to make the corners even.

After that, I noticed another mistake that Vadik made. He finished applying the composition to the next area and when he cleaned the tool, he wanted to throw the rest into the solution. This cannot be done, especially if the putty is gypsum-based. Particles from contact with air formed a film and became harder than the rest of the mixture. They will no longer dissolve, and the composition will not be homogeneous.

Smoothing plaster putties on the walls

We putty the walls with minimal cost time and energy

Wall puttying technology also provides for leveling, using a tool for applying the composition. For a mixture of gypsum, use a wide spatula. When the mortar on the wall hardens, the blade is placed at a right angle and is driven along the plane, cutting off the protrusions.

Vadik managed to remove all transitions of the starting putty. At the finish it turned out better, and he only sanded a little. I have experience and do leveling to a mirror surface using a simple tool, more precisely a spatula or a rule, without grinding.

In the corners, I attach a perforated corner or a special paper tape. Then I use an angled spatula to make an even inflection of the planes. I cut off irregularities along the edge of the wall, adjusting the corners finally with a small rubber spatula. Puttying the walls with my own hands using my methods was done by Vadik faster and faster.

Grouting a mixture of cement eliminates grinding

How to putty walls with cement composition, my friend learned quickly. It remains to master the alignment without stripping to make the walls glossy.

After applying cement putty to the walls, you must wait a couple of hours. Then moisten the grater in water and rub the surface in a circular motion. Alignment is sufficient for gluing panels and tiles. Maybe even wallpaper. Corners are machined as flat as possible. Finishing is done angular.

We putty under the decor

Do-it-yourself wall putty

Puttying and leveling walls - mandatory measure preparation of surfaces for final finishing. The operation is designed to remove various irregularities, create a smooth and even, without deviations, coating that provides strong adhesion of paint or wallpaper to the wall. In order to properly putty the walls, it is necessary to choose the appropriate composition and follow the technology of the work.

Putty is a plastic material used for leveling surfaces (filling cracks, chips, potholes) and preparing them for application. finishing material: paint, wallpaper, decorative plaster. The composition is a mixture of a binder base and filler, some types also contain plasticizers and hardeners that improve the properties of the product.

Can be supplied dry or ready to use.

Types of putties

Putty is divided into types according to:

appointment;
composition;
readiness.

By appointment

By appointment, solutions can be divided into three main groups:

starting;
finishing;
universal.

To find out which putty is better to putty walls, you should study the properties and scope of each type.

Home

Leveling putty for walls is intended for primary surface preparation. The composition contains large fractions, eliminates large defects (cracks, potholes, chips), is used for leveling. It has good adhesion to the base. The starting putty is applied in a layer up to 30 mm thick.

Suitable for concrete and brickwork. The starting layer can be applied directly to the surface to be leveled or to the reinforced mesh. When leveling the walls with putty, the composition is applied in several layers.

Purpose:

filling voids between window frames or door jambs and the opening;
sealing of gate channels;
slope alignment;
sealing joints between reinforced concrete panels.

Finishing

This wall putty is used to prepare the surface for applying the finishing material. It is designed to create a base of perfect smoothness for paint, fabric wallpaper or other demanding materials.

The plastic composition fills the smallest cracks, thanks to fractions small size creates a thin even layer. As a result of applying the finishing putty, the wall is a smooth surface that does not require additional processing (grinding).

Universal

Mixtures of this type perform the functions of starting and finishing compositions: they are used to level the wall and create a flat surface. It is convenient to work with a universal solution: with one mixture you can eliminate all irregularities and prepare the surface for applying a finishing material. However, to create a well-leveled surface, it is recommended to use special compounds - puttying walls with universal mixtures brings the worst result.

Composition

Wall putties intended for interior work are divided into 4 types.

Compound	Purpose	Peculiarities
Gypsum	Used for application on walls or ceilings in rooms with moderate humidity (living rooms, corridor)	Advantages: fast drying, perfectly smooth surface, fire resistance, no smell, low price and ease of use. Suitable as a base for paint, thin delicate materials. Does not shrink and does not form cracks after drying. Disadvantages: when used in a room with high humidity, it changes its properties - it begins to swell, lags behind the surface. Does not tolerate mechanical stress
Oil-glue	Designed to putty walls made of concrete or wood, as well as plastered surfaces. Used as a base for water-dispersion, enamel and oil paints	Plastic quick-drying mass. It has the lowest price, but has significant disadvantages: instability to mechanical stress, poor tolerance of contact with water. Not recommended for finishing residential premises due to the presence of harmful components
Polymer	Suitable for gypsum, cement, polyurethane and other types of substrates	The composition with high plasticity and forming a durable coating. Puttying the walls with polymer compounds increases the sound insulation of the wall, creates a vapor and moisture-proof layer that protects the treated surface from mold. Suitable for rooms with high humidity. Due to the high cost, it is not advisable to use for processing large area walls.
Cement	The application of this type of putty is recommended in rooms with high humidity air and in unheated rooms	Cement plaster is inexpensive, resistant to water and low temperatures. The layer is very durable. Among the minuses: shrinks, cracks may appear after drying

By readiness

Putty for ceilings and walls is available in ready-made and dry.

Dry

The dry mixture is diluted with water immediately before the walls are puttied.

The advantages of such compositions:

less weight;
ease of preparation;
the ability to independently choose the desired degree of density;
low price compared to ready-made solutions.

Disadvantages:

The need to prepare the solution yourself. It is required to thoroughly mix the solution to a homogeneous state, which is impossible without a construction mixer.
Limited shelf life of the prepared mixture. After a short time (from 15 to 60 minutes, depending on the composition), it begins to harden and loses its properties. It is necessary to prepare it in small portions, apply the putty immediately.

Finished

Plastic mixtures supplied in plastic containers of different volumes do not require dilution with water and are ready to use.

The advantages of this type of solutions include:

better plasticity compared to dry mixes;
long shelf life (even after opening the container, they do not freeze immediately).

The main disadvantage is the high cost.

How to choose putty?

In order for puttying the walls with your own hands to bring the desired result, you need to choose the right mixture.

It is necessary to take into account:

Compatibility. It is advisable to use materials from the same manufacturer: primer, putty, paint or wallpaper paste. In this case, there is no risk of undesirable changes in building compositions in contact with each other.
Appointment. When looking for putty, it is important to consider the conditions in which it will be used (inside or outside the room, with high or moderate humidity, and more).
Finish type. To create a base for paint, it is recommended to use ready-made compositions - they are more plastic, form a high-quality, even surface without flaws. Puttying the walls with dry mixes is permissible if wallpapering is planned.

Putty application technology

Before applying putty on the wall, you need to prepare everything for work:

Drill or construction mixer. It will be needed if the choice is made in favor of a dry mixture. Manually mixing the composition qualitatively to a homogeneous structure will not work.
Plane. Required to remove protrusions and bumps in the process of preparing the surface for applying putty on the walls.
Spatulas. It is advisable to purchase a set of devices of different sizes - a wide one is used to process even open areas, a small one is used in hard-to-reach or at corners.
Spatulas for forming the outer and inner corners.
Building rule. They check the evenness of the surface obtained after leveling.
Roller and paint tray. Tools are needed for applying the primer. The use of a primer increases the adhesion strength of the putty to the wall, protects the latter from mold.
Grater or abrasive mesh. The device is used to clean the surface. The leveling putty layer is treated with a coarse-grained abrasive, the finishing layer is cleaned with a fine-grained one.
Primer.
Container for mixing the composition.
Broom and brush to remove dust from the cleaned surface.

All tools and containers should be thoroughly washed with liquid soap and wiped dry with a clean rag to get rid of dust and residues of other construction mixtures.

Having prepared necessary tools, move on to puttying the walls with their own hands.

Surface preparation

The walls are cleaned of dirt and old finishing material: paint, wallpaper or plaster remains are removed. Apply a rule to the wall, bring a flashlight to it. Having found the protrusions, remove them with a planer.

After priming and thoroughly drying the surface (this may take a day).

Mixing the solution

Do-it-yourself wall putty is prepared as follows:

A quarter of a bucket is filled with clean water.
Putty is poured with a thin stream in such an amount that a small hill forms above the surface of the water.
Wait a few seconds for the powder to swell.
Immerse the nozzle of the construction mixer into the container, intensively mix the composition for two minutes.
Stop working for 1 minute, turn on the mixer again for 2 minutes.

Important! After preparing the mixture, it must not be re-diluted with water. If the result is too liquid or, on the contrary, too thick mass, work with it. After drying, the surface can be leveled using a grater.

Applying the starting putty

It is recommended to expand recesses, chips and cracks a little before applying the filling mortar, and scratch the inner surfaces with a knife so that the putty grabs better. Then, using a brush, apply a primer. When it dries, they begin to cover up the defect: they do not take a large number of solution on a medium-sized spatula, apply it to the wall next to the problem area and smear it over the entire area of the pothole. Grouting is carried out with crosswise movements. In this case, do not hesitate or press the spatula too hard.

When the surface is leveled, putty the entire wall. You can do this in several ways:

to obtain a thick layer, a spatula with a solution is applied almost parallel to the wall;
to create a thin, millimeter layer - tilt at an angle of 60-70 °;
perfectly flat surfaces are puttied, holding the spatula at a right angle - so the mortar fills only scratches, small cracks and chips.

Plastered walls are puttyed in the same way - as a rule, all flaws have already been eliminated with plaster, and it remains only to apply a thin layer of leveling mortar. The only important condition is to wait for the mixture to dry completely: cement gains strength in 4 weeks, and gypsum hardens in 7 days.

After the first layer is completely dry, it is processed with a grater, removing stripes from the spatula, bumps and other irregularities. Then they sweep away large pieces putties with a broom, and dust is removed with a brush.

If necessary, a second layer is applied and again cleaned with a coarse abrasive.

Application of finishing putty

The technology of puttying walls with finishing putty is almost the same as the starting one. The layer is applied to flat areas walls with a wide spatula. The thickness of the layer is made no more than a few mm. It is important to carefully level the solution, trying to form a flat surface without bumps and protrusions.

After drying the first layer, the wall is treated with fine-grained sandpaper, grinding the surface to perfect smoothness. Next, a second and, if required, subsequent layers are applied.

Having understood how to properly putty a flat wall, you should learn how to process difficult sections: corners, slopes.

Corner processing

Wall putty technology at the corners:

First method. Carried out in 2 stages. First, the solution is applied to one wall at the junction, leveled in the usual way. After solidification, the same operation is performed with the other wall.
The second way. In the absence of experience, it is recommended to use a special tool - spatulas for forming internal or external corners. A putty is applied to the junction and a spatula is drawn over it, removing excess mortar and creating an even line.

Applying putty to drywall

Separately, it is worth considering how to putty a plasterboard wall:

Training. At the first stage of the wall’s work, it is necessary to carefully examine and eliminate all flaws: tighten the screws (but do not sink them so that depressions do not form), cut off all the delamination of the material at the joints and clean these areas.
Padding. Before plasterboard walls are plastered, they should be treated with a water-based primer. Compounds should not be used deep penetration like and ignore this step. Otherwise, mortar, paint, or wallpaper paste can penetrate deep into the drywall and cause the sheet to warp. The primer is poured into the paint tray, applied with a special roller. The layer thickness is not less than 0.03 mm.
Applying a leveling solution. A fiberglass mesh is glued to the corners and joints so that the junction of the two elements is located exactly in the center of the tape. The putty is applied with two spatulas about 15 and 30 cm wide. The solution is scooped up narrowly, applied to the seam. Distribute it wide along the entire joint line. Areas with self-tapping screws are closed with strokes crosswise.

Having learned how to properly apply putty on the walls on your own, you can prepare the room for finishing with your own hands - the process of leveling surfaces is not very difficult. Did you do this work, did you have any difficulties while doing it?

How to make putty yourself? An obligatory stage of repairing the premises is puttying the walls. In this case, it will absolutely not matter what type of finish coating is taken: wallpapering or painting the walls. How to cook putty correctly, the article will tell you.

Putty in appearance - a creamy mass of white or grayish color, which is the finishing layer applied to the wall before the final finishing of the room, to give the surface a perfect smoothness. With its help, you can hide minor defects on a porous concrete surface or a crack, the finishing putty of the walls is carried out with a very thin layer of up to two millimeters. But if there are deep grooves, holes, seams from brickwork or irregularities on the surface due to pieces of plaster that have fallen off, the putty on the wall simply will not hold.

To prevent this phenomenon, you will need to first apply plaster - the surface for puttying must be very even, the main task of the coating is not to level the wall, but to make it smooth. The main advantage of putty is the ability to apply a minimally thin layer of coating. It is very difficult to apply it with other dry mixes with a thickness of less than one millimeter.

Tip: When purchasing material, you must make the right choice. There are two types of putty: ordinary - KR; special - VH, for use in wet rooms.

Types of material for putty

According to the degree of readiness, such coatings are:

Dry. The most popular option used for leveling walls comes in bags or bags. Material advantages:

just preparing;
you can get a mixture of any viscosity;
convenient to store and transport;
low price;
long storage period, regardless of temperature.

The disadvantages of the material are:

the need to perform additional work to prepare the mixture;
the solution must be prepared strictly according to the manufacturer's recommendations;
limited time of use after preparation of the mixture.

Ready to use. The basis for putty is dispersions or latexes. They are sold in buckets or tanks. Material advantages:

can be used for a long time by closing the lid tightly after work;
no additional time is required to prepare the solution and purchase the tool;
the material is environmentally friendly.

Putties in composition can be:

Oil-glue based on drying oil. Their advantages:

low cost;
ease of use.

Disadvantages:

unsafe from the point of view of environmental friendliness;
short-lived;
low mechanical strength;
poor compatibility with many materials, with the exception of oil paints and varnishes.

Dry based on gypsum (see Gypsum putty: its advantages and problems of use) or cement.
Acrylic. These are the most waterproof and durable materials.
Based on PVA, the most cheap option which can replace acrylic materials. The lack of putty is afraid of water.

By appointment, the composition is:

Leveling- for leveling surfaces. It has good adhesion to the base, which allows you to evenly fill all its defects, smooth out irregularities, while maintaining high strength.
Finishing(see Finishing putty: how to apply it qualitatively) - to prepare surfaces for decorative finishing.
Specialized- used for a specific task:

sealing joints between panels;
performing urgent repairs.

universal, combining the properties of the two types listed above and used on almost any basis.

Tip: When choosing and purchasing putty, you should carefully study the recommendations that the instructions for its use offer.

How to cook putty yourself

How to prepare putty? There are a large number of recipes for the preparation of compounds.

Usually added to it:

Gypsum, pre-sifted.
Pure chalk.
Laundry soap.
Drying oil.
Glue animal or carpentry.

Before making gypsum putty, you will need to purchase:

Chalk - from 2 to 3 kilograms.
Gypsum - one kilogram.
A solution of wood glue from 2 to 5%.

In this case, the adhesive solution is used until the mixture reaches the desired consistency. In addition, you will need the tools shown in the photo:

Solution container.
Electric drill with stirring attachment. For small volumes, this can be done by hand with a conventional spatula.
Bandage gauze, to protect the respiratory tract from fine gypsum dust.

The procedure for preparing gypsum putty:

Gypsum and chalk mix well.
The resulting powder is gradually poured into a container where the adhesive solution was placed.
The mixture is again mixed until a uniform texture is formed.

Tip: Putty prepared in this way hardens quickly. To treat small defects, it should be done in small quantities in order to use it all at once.

Gypsum composition is suitable for finishing:

Concrete surfaces.
Sealing drywall joints (see Puttying drywall joints - how to do it).
For other surfaces located in dry rooms.

When painting the surface with oil paints, a universal oil composition is used.

To prepare it you will need:

Drying oil - one kilogram.
Desiccant - 100 grams, serves to speed up drying.
Chalk powder - 2 kilograms.

This composition is good to use for surfaces that are often exposed to negative impact moisture and temperature fluctuations, for example, for windows made of wood. When painting the surface with adhesives or ceilings and walls after plastering, adhesive putty is used.

For its preparation are taken:

Drying oil - 25 grams.
Glue solution 10% - one kilogram.
Sifted chalk - 2 kilograms.

The order of preparation of the composition:

The glue heats up.
The glue is mixed with drying oil until a homogeneous mass of the solution is obtained.
Chalk is added to the desired consistency.
Chopped laundry soap can be added to the mixture, which will allow the putty to spread easily over the surface.

How to properly prepare a solution using dry semi-finished products

To obtain a high-quality putty composition, strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions, which is available on the packaging of the mixture, is necessary.

Before preparing the material, you must:

Purchase a clean wide container of the desired volume. An ordinary plastic bucket or from facade paint is best suited, which must first be cleaned of the remnants of the contents.
An electric mixer, to obtain a high-quality solution, it is necessary to thoroughly mix it during preparation.

Rules for the manufacture of the solution:

The mass of the mixture prepared at a time should be such that it is used up in about 40 minutes of work.
A quarter of clean water at room temperature is poured into a container for mixing the composition.
The required amount of dry mixture is gradually poured, according to the requirements of the instructions.
With a mixer or a nozzle on a drill, the mixture is stirred until a homogeneous composition is obtained, avoiding the appearance of lumps.
The solution settles for about 10 minutes.
Mix thoroughly.
The finished solution should correspond in consistency to thick sour cream. If the composition is too thick, it will cling worse to the treated surface, and when applied to it, it will crumble. Too liquid mass simply flows off the spatula, forming sagging on the wall.

Tip: Unused pre-mixed polymer-based mortar should be filled with water, and it can be used next time, carefully draining the water without stirring the solution.

How to putty on a wall

When applying the finished mixture, it is better to use two metal spatulas:

Narrow, for sealing gaps, filling existing sinks and cracks, finishing joints between walls.
Greater width for full-surface application of leveling and finishing coats.

Labor efficiency and coating quality will be higher when using a special mortar sprayer, but to work with it, you will need to purchase special compressor equipment, which is not very rational for small amounts of work.

Coating procedure:

A starting putty mortar is being prepared, which has a coarser texture and has a large fraction of its constituent parts.
All damaged areas of the walls, cracks, cracks are puttied, the joints between the panels are sealed.
A leveling layer of the mixture is applied and carefully smoothed with a wide spatula. During operation, the geometric parameters of the walls are controlled using a long rule, a plumb line and a conventional building level.
After processing the entire surface of the walls, the room is left for 23 hours until the coating is completely dry.
One layer of soil is applied (see Types of building primers and their scope).

The room is left until the material dries for several hours.
The finishing putty solution eliminates the existing irregularities after the starting layer.
The entire surface of the walls is evenly covered with a thin layer of the finishing composition.
After drying, the walls are treated with sandpaper, which is best fixed on a flat bar. This allows you to finally remove the roughness and small irregularities on the surfaces.

Tip: With further wall decoration ceramic tiles, the finishing layer of putty and grinding of surfaces should not be performed.

Preparation and application of putty are responsible operations. This is the process of preparing the base of the walls for applying layers of paint, wallpaper stickers.

Putty, prepared correctly and laid in a timely manner, will not give shrinkage and cracks on the surface of the walls. How to properly prepare the mortar, how to putty the walls with your own hands, the video in this article will show in detail.

Puttying the walls is a stage of repair before finishing, which can be done by hand. The main thing is to choose correct composition and know the algorithm of work, how to putty walls.

Wall putty is classified according to several criteria. According to the composition, the following types of funds are distinguished:

plaster material. The composition is well applied, hides surface defects and levels the base. The tool does not shrink and has an acceptable price. However, the material is not used in rooms with high humidity.
Cement agent. The product is moisture resistant, so the composition is recommended to be used in a room with high humidity (bathroom, kitchen). The disadvantage is a high degree of shrinkage.
polymer composition. The product is easy to apply, does not shrink and is moisture resistant. The disadvantage is the high price.

According to the sequence of application, the agent is classified as follows:

Starter product. It is a coarse-grained composition. The product is recommended to be applied to the surface after priming. When the question arises, how to putty brick wall, then this composition is indispensable. The tool hides defects and levels the building base. The composition is applied to the wall, with a layer of 5 mm, and with numerous surface defects, the thickness can even be 20 mm.
The final composition is a fine-grained product. The product is applied to the surface after cleaning the building base and priming. The product is recommended for use for surface leveling and a better finish. Layer thickness - 1 mm.
Universal product. Used for both draft and final work.

Considering the question of how to putty the walls, it is necessary to talk about the classification according to the degree of readiness. The dry mixture and the finished product are isolated. The second tool is used immediately after opening the bucket. The material is easy to apply, so it is recommended for non-professional craftsmen to putty the walls with such a product. The disadvantage is the high price. A budget option putty - dry mix. The disadvantage is that it needs to be cooked, and this requires a construction mixer or a drill with a mixer nozzle.

In addition to the main compositions discussed above, specific products are also distinguished:

Adhesive compounds. The products contain drying oil, adhesives and chalk components. The material is easy to apply and has high strength.
Oil adhesive products. The products contain adhesives, drying oil, chalk components, acrylates and a plasticizer. The composition is recommended to be used for wood and concrete surface. The material can only be used indoors.
Latex products. The composition includes calcite components, plasticizers and acrylates. The product is recommended to be used indoors for wooden and concrete building bases.
acrylic compositions. When the question arises, what is the best way to putty a surface, many professionals recommend these products, since such materials are suitable for all types of surfaces. Acrylic putty is an environmentally friendly product that does not crack after drying.
Facade facilities. Ingredients recommended for use outdoor work. The product has increased moisture resistance and resistance to temperature extremes.
Oil products. The products contain chalk and desiccants (auxiliary components that speed up drying). This composition is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity. The product is used before applying oil and water-based paint.

Why putty walls?

For non-professional craftsmen, the question often arises - why putty walls and ceilings? This step gives the following results:

the surface is leveled;
defects are masked;
the consumption of finishing materials (glue or paint) is reduced;
the pores of the base are filled;
improves the adhesion of the surface to the finish;
peeling of the finish coating from the base is prevented;
the operational period of finishing is extended;
the surface is strengthened.

Puttying algorithm

Instructions for the use of putty require careful study, especially if the repair is performed by an amateur.

Necessary tools and materials

To apply the composition you will need:

putty;
primer;
a set of spatulas for applying putty (as in the photo below);
roller, brush or spray gun for primer;
sandpaper for grinding the surface;
a container for preparing a solution, if a dry agent is used;
drill with a mixer nozzle or a construction mixer.

Preparation of the composition

If a dry primer is used, then dilute the mixture with water in the proportions indicated on the package, stir and apply to the surface. The finished composition does not need to be prepared. Use it for its intended purpose immediately after opening the package. The situation is similar with putty. Apply the finished product immediately to the walls. In this case, you can not hesitate, because the composition quickly hardens. If you use a dry mix, then the product needs to be prepared:

place the composition in a container and add half the required amount of water to it;
mix the solution with a drill with a mixer nozzle or a construction mixer;
gradually add the remaining water to the composition;
stir the product with the tool.

After 15-20 minutes, use the solution for its intended purpose.

Preparation of the building base

Wall puttying lessons say that work begins with surface preparation. Release the building base from the old finish. Next, clean the surface of dust construction vacuum cleaner. You can sweep the walls with a broom or brush and rinse with water. After that, treat the base with a degreasing solution and leave to dry. Then apply a primer. Apply the agent in two layers. After each application, take a break to dry the composition.

Applying the starter

Apply the starter after the primer has set. The layer thickness depends on the surface defects. If the base just needs to be leveled and there are small cracks on the wall, then the product is applied, 5 mm thick. In the presence of large defects, the layer thickness may be 2 cm. After each application of the product, take a break to allow the composition to harden. Next, clean the base. To do this, use sandpaper. Work in a respirator and goggles so that the dust from stripping does not enter the upper respiratory tract and eyes. Next, prime the surface to clean the building base and improve the adhesion of the wall and material.

Surface treatment with finishing compound

After the primer dries, apply a finishing putty. The composition will finally level the surface and give the wall smoothness. Layer thickness - 1 mm. When the product hardens, clean the surface with sandpaper. After sanding, prime the building base again. Apply primer in two coats. After the primer dries, you can proceed to the next stage of work.

The video in this article will show you how to properly putty walls.

putty cost

When it comes to how much it costs to putty walls, it is important to understand that the price depends on the type of composition, manufacturer and packaging. The finished composition is more expensive than the dry mixture. In addition, a popular brand sets a high price for their products. A tool from a less popular manufacturer is much cheaper, although it has the same characteristics. Therefore, the cost of putty varies from 300 to 800 rubles per kilogram.