Proper insulation of the house from a bar from the outside. Insulation of a house from a bar: the choice of materials and technologies. Windproof boards Isoplat based on wood fiber

And here is a simple way to insulate a house from a 150x150 bar from the outside, if the specified parameters do not meet the requirements. If you cannot fix the plates tightly, use anchors that are mounted in 0.5 m increments. Punch through the mineral wool and fix it on the surface of the wall from the timber. Hammer the wide-headed core into the anchor to aid in a secure hold. thermal insulation material.

You can proceed to the next stage only after the complete “sheathing” of the entire perimeter of the building with heat-insulating material. The waterproofing film, stretched from above, is fixed with staples.

Don't wait a while before starting facade decoration : use clapboard, siding or other cladding to bring the house into a presentable appearance. Exterior finishing technology will differ depending on the type and parameters of the selected material, so this issue must be discussed with specialists.

Modern decoration of houses from wooden beams with the use of insulation does not cause difficulties even for those who are not strong in construction and repair work. Just needed perform each of the described steps in sequence. Such insulation does not take much time, and you control the costs of the thermal insulation process yourself: the market is represented by protective materials with different performance properties and service life.

Video

A useful video on how to insulate a house from a bar from the outside will help you understand the features of each stage of this process.

Insulation of a log house from the outside is necessary not only to ensure an optimal climate inside the rooms, but also to protect wooden walls from negative impacts external environment. However, to ensure high-quality thermal insulation, it is not enough just to choose a material that will have a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, but also have natural properties. Is it difficult to insulate a log house from the outside or choose an internal method?

Insulation of the facade of a timber house from the outside has a number of the following advantages:

• when carrying out external work, uncomfortable conditions are not created for the residents of the house;
• the internal space of the premises is preserved;
• additional protection of load-bearing structures from negative external factors is provided;
• the ability to easily change the cladding of the facade of the house;
• increases the life of the building;
• the dew point is outside the main structures, so the problems of dampness or condensation are not terrible;
• the natural properties of wood are preserved due to optimal air exchange with the external environment.

The disadvantages of this insulation technology include:

• work is permissible only under optimal climatic conditions: in the absence of precipitation and positive ambient temperatures;
• the need for external cladding or finishing, which can cause significant financial costs;
• it is possible to insulate the facade of the building only after the period of shrinkage of the beam has passed, namely after 1-2 years after its construction.

Types of materials for insulation

Insulation of the walls of a log house from the outside can be done using one of the following heat-insulating materials:

• polystyrene;
• mineral wool;
• extruded polystyrene foam.

Styrofoam

External insulation of a house made of timber with foam plastic is the cheapest way of thermal insulation. The material has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.04 W/m·K. It has increased moisture resistance (maximum absorption up to 1% of the total volume), so mold and fungus do not form on it.

The service life of the foam is more than 20 years, so maintenance of the insulated layer is not required during this time. During installation, there are also no difficulties or problems, since the minimum number of tools is used, the installation is carried out quickly and efficiently.

Other benefits of polystyrene include:

• optimal level of sound insulation;
• minimal loads on load-bearing structures compared to other materials;
• ease of processing sheets;
• the possibility of applying a finishing layer directly on the insulation.

Mineral wool

Insulation of a timber house outside with mineral wool is the most common method of thermal insulation. The fibrous material has a natural composition, so it can contact wood without problems. Due to the softness of the mats, it can be tightly laid on the surface of any shape without air gaps.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of mineral wool is 0.077-0.12 W / m K, depending on the type of fibers and the thickness of the plates or roll. Density varies from 10 to 100 kg/m 3 . The minimum service life is 20 years.

Insulation of a log house from the outside stone wool allows you to get the following benefits:

• high level of sound insulation;
• increased fire resistance;
• not prone to damage by rodents or pests;
• optimal vapor permeability and air exchange.

The use of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) is the most profitable and expensive, as it easily tolerates conditions high humidity, external mechanical influences, contact with chemically active substances. Its service life is up to 100 years, that is, it has no analogues today.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of XPS is on average 0.03 W/m·K. The level of moisture absorption is up to 0.4% of the total volume for 30 days. Unlike foam plastic, EPPS has a parapermeability of 0.05 mg / m·Pa·h and a uniform structure (granules with a size of 0.2 mm).

The density of the plates varies from 25 to 45 kg/m 3 , due to which the load on the walls can be accurately calculated. Compressive strength up to 0.16 MPa, and bending strength up to 0.25 MPa.

The main advantages of EPPS include:

• resistance to sudden temperature changes;
• environmental friendliness of the composition;
• resistance to the appearance of fungus and mold;
• chemical resistance.

Criteria for the choice of material and requirements for the technology of the insulation process

Proper insulation of a log house from the outside can be done with materials that meet the following requirements:

• optimal ratio of material thickness and strength, minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance;
• incombustibility;
• so that the weight of the insulation can withstand the supporting structures;
• ease of installation;
• unpretentiousness in operation and undemanding maintenance.

The requirements for insulation technology are as follows:

• wood must be protected from external negative factors: temperature, moisture;
• heat-insulating sheathing must have sufficient strength, not shrink and withstand sudden temperature changes;
• all layers of the material should not accumulate moisture, that is, be well ventilated, or have increased waterproofing properties;
• the technological conditions of installation should allow the implementation of a specific method of insulation: evenness of the surface, the absence of obvious or hidden defects, the possibility of mounting guides, etc.

An important role is also played by the operating conditions of the insulation:

• temperature range in a particular area;
• building features: fire hazard, the possibility of contact with various chemically active substances, the likelihood of mechanical damage;
• the minimum duration of operation of the insulation under specific conditions;
• the need for maintenance.

Therefore, when choosing a material, it is important to take into account all the influencing factors. Only in this case it is possible to ensure the maximum period of their operation and the absence of problems with the timber. It is also worth paying attention to the additional properties of the insulation, which will save on laying sound or waterproofing.

Features of preparing the walls of the house for insulation

The technology of warming a log house from the outside requires the following conditions and preparatory work:

• a wooden house must go through a period of shrinkage into the ground after construction;
• wood must be impregnated with antiseptics and protective impregnations that reduce flammability and moisture absorption;
• all cracks and defects must be sealed, if necessary, several logs must be replaced;
• consideration must be given to how the materials will interact with the timber in order to ensure the longest possible service life.

Options for external insulation of a log house

Warming a log house from the outside with your own hands can be done using one of the following methods:

• with the help of a hinged ventilated facade;
• by spraying a polyurethane layer;
• sheathed with foam.

Installation of a hinged ventilated facade

The installation of a ventilated facade involves the installation of a lathing with laying in the space between the insulation guides and subsequent sheathing with facing panels. Mineral wool boards are used as heat-insulating material.

The main advantages of this technology are:

• increasing the level of hydro and sound insulation of walls;
• ease of installation;
• minimum requirements for surface evenness;
• wide choice of finishing materials;
• displacement of the dew point from the supporting structure to the insulating layers;
• ease of maintenance and repair of the hinged frame.

The implementation of the method is as follows:

1. Preparatory work is being carried out: wood is treated with impregnations, defects are removed, etc.
2. A wooden or metal crate is mounted along the width of the insulation.
3. A waterproofing layer is laid.
4. Insulation is mounted between the guides.
5. The insulation is sheathed with a windproof membrane.
6. The counter-lattice is laid along the slats of the main batten.
7. Sheathing is carried out with boards or decorative panels.

Insulation under siding

The insulation of a log house from the outside under the siding is similar to the thermal insulation technology using the hinged facade method. However, there are a number of features:

• as a heater, you can use mineral wool or EPPS;
• joints of thermal insulation and guides are sealed with mounting foam;
• when using mineral wool, a diffusion membrane is used as a waterproofing;
• when laying XPS, siding can be installed directly on the main crate, since waterproofing is not required.

Spraying a polyurethane layer

Polyurethane spraying is an innovative method, the most effective and expensive among all existing ones. It is with its help that it is possible to form a sealed seamless layer that is highly resistant to negative external influences: moisture, sudden temperature changes, and pests.

The advantages of this technology are:

• maximum protection of timber from decay;
• improving the fire resistance of walls;
• increased adhesion of the applied layer to various building materials;
• no need to level the base;
• fasteners are not needed;
• increases sound insulation;
• high layer uniformity.

However, there are a number of negative points:

• the difficulty of applying a uniform layer;
• the need to use special equipment;
• high cost of polyurethane foam;
• instability to direct ultraviolet rays.

The method is implemented like this:

1. The surface of the walls is cleaned from dirt and various stains.
2. Wood is treated with antiseptics and other protective compounds.
3. Installed wooden guides.
4. Spraying polyurethane foam. If necessary, two layers.
5. The cladding is installed.

Foam insulation

Thermal insulation of walls with foam plastic is very profitable and inexpensive, since the material is relatively cheap, easy to install and unpretentious in operation. In addition, laying the crate is not required, finishing can be done directly on the insulation, with sharp temperature fluctuations it does not lose its properties.

Styrofoam is a combustible material, therefore it is necessary to treat wood with impregnations that increase the ignition temperature or make it non-flammable (flame retardants).

The warming method is implemented as follows:

1. A vertical crate of wooden bars is mounted to the walls. Their thickness is equal to the thickness of the insulation, and the fastening step is equal to the width of the plates.
2. Styrofoam sheets are butt-mounted inside the frame. The seams are glued with sealant or heat-insulating tape. The foam is fastened to dowels, called "umbrellas", or to an adhesive base.
3. A diffusion membrane is laid on top of the foam butt. All joints are glued with special adhesive tape. The membrane is fastened to the staples using a stapler.
4. The facing layer is installed.

On the preparatory stage When installing polystyrene foam, it is important to carefully align the walls, since at the slightest bends (more than 1.5 mm per linear meter), cracks may appear in the sheets. In addition, this will save on the consumption of a layer of plaster.

For plastering walls, it is not necessary to install a crate, since the load on the decorative layer is minimal. However, there is one important condition - it is necessary to lay a reinforcing layer in order to increase the engagement area of ​​​​the outer layer and mechanical strength.

To make a house made of timber cozy, warm and inexpensive to maintain, to reduce heating costs, then external insulation methods are the most profitable. Their implementation is relatively simple, and there are a lot of advantages: lower heating costs, protection of load-bearing structures from temperature extremes, pests, mechanical, physical and chemical influences.

When choosing materials for insulation, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements for thermal insulation and the total budget for all stages of work.

Timber houses are warm, comfortable and energy efficient. They quickly heat up and retain heat, however, despite this, effective thermal insulation is an important issue that confronts the owner of the house. Why is it necessary to insulate a house from a bar 150x150 and how to do it? Consider all the options for thermal insulation of a timber cottage outside and inside.

Why insulate a house from a bar?

The construction of log houses in Russia has a long history. These buildings were rightfully considered the warmest and most comfortable. For another 30-40 years, such houses were built only from natural timber in the form of round or semicircular logs. The thickness of the timber reached 30 cm, and given that dry wood has excellent thermal insulation parameters, it becomes clear why timber structures were not insulated.

Today, 150x150 material is used to build a house from a bar. Such houses are environmentally friendly and comfortable, but their heat-preserving properties leave much to be desired. Correct the situation and make the house warm will help competent warming outside and inside.

Thermal insulation of a house from a bar from the inside

In central Russia and the southern regions, a house made of timber 150x150, which was not insulated, as a rule, does not freeze through. But living in such a house is uncomfortable. It is also worth noting that over time, the structure shrinks, cracks and cracks appear in the structure, as a result of which heat losses increase many times over. Internal insulation houses from a bar can be carried out with various materials, which at the same time can play the role of decoration. Such materials-heat insulators include cork insulation, " warm plaster"and so on.

Internal insulation has some disadvantages:

• loss of usable area due to the installation of insulation;
• a layer of thermal insulation hides wood walls;
• condensation in the house due to a change in the dew point;
• mold and wood decay.

For these reasons, the owners prefer to insulate houses from a 150x150 bar from the outside. Thermal insulation can be provided for by the project and carried out immediately after the construction of the house. You can also insulate the cottage or country house which has been in use for a long time.

Interventional thermal insulation

Insulation of a house from a bar begins during the construction process, when interventional insulation is laid between the wood. 1-3 years after shrinkage of the structure, the walls of the cottage need caulking. Natural eco-friendly materials are used as interventional thermal insulation:

Moss. It has a thermal conductivity coefficient of up to 0.045 W / (m C), has aseptic properties, allows walls to “breathe” and protects wood from moisture and decay.

Hemp and linen tow. Thermal conductivity parameter up to 0.049 W / (m C). The material is resistant to moisture, provides reliable caulking of cracks and cracks.

Jute. Jute insulation is available in the form of strips. It is convenient to use, but the cost of jute is much more expensive than other materials for interventional insulation.

Thermal insulation between the crowns is mounted on special technology using thin spatulas and spatulas. This is a laborious process, but without high-quality caulking of the walls, it is impossible to proceed with external insulation.

The choice of external insulation

Warming a house from a bar 150x150 from the outside has the following advantages:

• creation of a comfortable microclimate in the cottage;
• lack of accumulations of moisture and condensate;
• the usable area is not reduced;
• the walls are ventilated, the house "breathes".

When choosing a material for external thermal insulation lumber structure, it is necessary to give preference to heaters with good heat-preserving properties, durable, moisture resistant, having a long service life.

The most popular insulation for timber houses are:

Mineral (stone) wool

Heat insulators based on mineral wool and basalt fraction have excellent heat saving performance and affordable cost. Also, the advantages of mineral wool include:

• environmental friendliness, the material does not contain resins and toxins;
• fire safety, mineral wool does not support combustion;
• breathability, the walls of the house "breathe", condensation does not form;
• a wide range of insulation, mineral wool is available in slabs and rolls of different thicknesses.

A significant disadvantage of mineral wool is high water absorption. The insulation absorbs moisture and eventually loses its thermal insulation properties. Mineral wool can be used for thermal insulation of the roof and walls of a house made of 150x150 timber when creating an effective hydro-barrier.

Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam

Synthetic materials based on polymers with excellent heat-saving characteristics and minimal hygroscopicity. Polyfoams and XPS have the following advantages:

• light weight, the insulation does not load the structure;
• minimum water absorption;
• low cost.

Numerous disadvantages of synthetic heaters do not allow their use for thermal insulation of the walls of timber cottages:

• low environmental friendliness;
• combustibility and release of toxins during combustion;
• some types of insulation are the habitat of rodents.

Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam slabs for log houses 150x150 are used for thermal insulation of the floors of the first floor, basement and foundation. When insulating these structures, environmental parameters are insignificant, but low hygroscopicity (less than 0.05%) is very important.

Sprayed polyurethane foam (PPU)

Liquid insulation PPU polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the heat-insulated surface using special generators. The insulation forms a dense porous shell without seams and joints, which does not absorb moisture and passes air well. The thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foam are superior the best heaters- mineral wool and polystyrene. At the same time, the PPU layer does not exceed 3-5 cm. Sprayed thermal insulation can be used for all structures: foundation, walls, basement, roofing, ceilings. Polyurethane foam is used for insulation outside and inside the house.

Advantages of PPU thermal insulation for a house made of timber:

• no harmful toxins, chemical neutrality;
• do not change the basic properties of wood;
• low flammability and fire safety;
• reliable insulation of interventional seams and sealing of cracks;
• excellent adhesion to wood and other materials;
• protecting the timber from decay.

The disadvantage of polyurethane foam is its high cost, so it is preferred to combine it with other types of thermal insulation.

How is the insulation of a house made of timber?

Regardless of the chosen heat-insulating material, a house made of timber 150x150 and wood structures of other sizes must be prepared for insulation. Preparation consists in eliminating cracks and treating the timber with an antiseptic, fire and bioprotection. For old houses, additional fastening and strengthening of windows and doorways is carried out.

Mounting the heat insulator on the walls is as follows:

A crate is attached to the prepared and processed wall - bars 20x20 or 15x15 mm. The fastening of the crate is carried out using self-tapping screws or nails. The pitch of the crate is 0.5-0.7 m. A vapor barrier, for example, isospan, is laid under the crate. The film is overlapped and fixed with a crate.

Installation of thermal insulation is carried out on the finished crate. The insulation is laid between the racks of the second tier and attached to the wall with self-tapping screws. Additionally, it is recommended to use glue for outdoor work, which is applied to the insulation board.

Windscreen installation. The windproof film is laid on the thermal insulation and fastened with wooden counter-battens, which replace the reinforcing mesh used to insulate stone houses.

Cladding installation. As finishing log houses can be used various materials: block house, lining, facade slabs, thermal panels, etc. The choice of materials for external cladding depends on the preferences and financial capabilities of the owner.

Features of insulation of individual elements of timber houses

Thermal insulation of floors is performed with PSB-35 foam. Previously, a waterproofing film is laid on the logs. A cement-sand screed is laid on top of the insulation and the selected flooring. When installing the "warm floor" system, PE pipes are mounted in the screed according to the selected scheme.

The roof of a house made of timber 150x150 is insulated with mineral wool slabs, which are attached between the rafters. From the side of the roof, the thermal insulation is covered with a membrane, and from the inside - with a waterproofing film.

If the house has 2 floors or a heated attic, then it is necessary to insulate interfloor ceilings. To do this, vapor barrier films are used, on which loose insulation is poured into the interfloor space or rolled mineral wool is laid.

The foundation, basement and plinth are insulated with foam plastic by gluing and attaching the plates to vertical surfaces. It is best to insulate the base immediately after its laying and waterproofing.

Heat saving in a house made of timber

In addition to internal and external insulation, a house made of timber must comply with the principles of energy efficiency. Elements of energy efficiency are incorporated into the construction of a log house at the design stage. The most popular and inexpensive energy efficient solutions:

1. Solar pipes. Pipes with a diameter of 30-50 cm are located on the roof and receive solar heat, which is directed inside the house with the help of a complex of mirrors. Sunlight diffused inside the room illuminates and heats.
2. Energy saving windows. The most heat-retaining are low-emission double-glazed windows that let short sunlight into the room and do not emit long-wave radiation emitted by heating devices.
3. Recovery ventilation. Built into a natural or supply ventilation a heat exchanger that stops the leakage of warm air.

Competent and effective insulation and the introduction of energy-saving technologies will make a house made of 150x150 timber not only comfortable for year-round living, but will also reduce heating costs. It is better to entrust the development of insulation projects and the installation of thermal insulation to professionals who will conduct a thermal calculation and determine the required thickness of the insulation, install it and provide a guarantee for thermal insulation work.