Short sentences with appeal. Examples of sentences with appeal in Russian. Learning new material
, elementary School
Target: familiarization with the concept of "conversion".
Tasks:
- Observe the role of references in speech, place in a sentence.
- Consider punctuation when addressing.
- Develop speech, attention, thinking, memory, creative imagination.
- Cultivate interest in lessons Russian language, independence.
Equipment: word cards, a table with language material, a Russian language textbook for grade 4, Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary, a phonogram of the song "Forest Deer".
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Posting the topic of the lesson
- The epigraph to today's lesson is the words of the famous fabulist of Ancient Greece - Aesop.
“With the help of language, people communicate, resolve issues, greet, express affection, joy, gain knowledge, develop culture.”
- Today at the lesson we will get acquainted with a very interesting and important topic. Each of you must be very careful. But more on that later.
2. A moment of calligraphy
About about
3. Vocabulary work
1. Ship, soldier, loaf, fireworks, ticket, wagon, newspaper, station.
2. Self-test.
3. They will show me their notebooks ....
4. Learning new material
1) - Guys, put your hands down and listen to me. After checking your notebooks, I want to say that you, Natasha, did an excellent job, and you, Roma, are worse than you could have done it. Tell me, my friends, why did you put down your pens? And how did you know that my words are addressed to you? What was the offer? What exactly did I say? GUYS, PUT HANDS UP. Those. I called you guys and asked you to put down your pens.
- And how did Natasha and Roma find out the results of vocabulary work?
Do you remember exactly what I said?
- What helped you understand that I was talking to these guys? (I have named them).
- So what is this word that names the one to whom the speech is addressed?
- So, the topic of our lesson: "Proposals with appeals."
2) On the board:
Come on kids, let's start learning
And knowledge is a bright thread forever
Let's weave into our grateful memory!Y. Altynsarin
- Read the lines "to yourself."
Now let's read these lines aloud. Write the lines in your notebook.
- Find the appeal in these lines.
- Why did you decide that this is an appeal?
– What is an appeal?
What part of speech words can be used to express appeals?
- Is the appeal always one word? Prove it.
- For the word children, choose the appropriate adjectives in meaning.
- Read the lines again. Altynsarin with an adjective, suitable in meaning to the word children.
- Make a conclusion.
Conclusion: An appeal can be not only one word, but also a combination of words.
- Does the appeal stand out intonation?
- What corresponds to intonational emphasis in writing?
- Listen to what interpretation of the word "conversion" gives Ozhegov's dictionary. (Individual task for the child).
- Do our conclusions, conclusions coincide with the explanatory dictionary?
3) Now let's turn to textbook and read the rules on p. 215-214.
5. Consolidation of knowledge
1) – Calls are not always separated by commas.
On the desk:
People! Protect the environment.
- Write the sentence in your notebook.
- Find an appeal. Why is there an exclamation point after it?
What part of the sentence is the appeal?
- So, if the appeal is at the beginning of the sentence and is pronounced with a strong feeling, then an exclamation mark is placed after it.
– Please note that after the exclamation mark, the word must be capitalized
- Give examples of sentences with appeals so that it expresses a strong feeling.
2) Commented letter
Friends, life is calling us forward.
Oh, Misha, you're dirty.
You gave a great answer today, Julia.
- Where is the appeal located in the proposal?
3) Independent work (by options)
Change the sentences so that the appeal is at the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the sentence
Help me solve the problem, Ira.
Mom, let me go to the cinema today.
4) Verification
5) Generalization
6) Recording sentences from dictation, parsing them by members (at the blackboard)
Friends rejoice in their successes.
Friends, I rejoice in your success.
What part of the sentence is the word "friends" in the first sentence? In the second?
Conclusion: The appeal is not grammatically connected to any member of the sentence and therefore is not a member of the sentence.
In what case is the word-address in the second sentence? (Im. p.), but differs from the subject in vocative intonation. In Old Russian, there was a special vocative case for addresses. The vocative case can be found in A.S. Pushkin. (What do you want, old man?) Instead of "old man."
7) Generalization according to the table p. 215 No. 714
8) Work in groups
Write down a sentence, find an appeal, put the necessary punctuation marks.
- Wake up this earth, spring.
- Where are you flowing, brook?
- But you, mouse, cannot go everywhere.
- The main thing, guys, is not to grow old with your heart.
- Welcome starlings
9) Verification
10) creative work (Homework)
- And now, children, I suggest you listen to a wonderful song and find sentences with an appeal in it.
The phonogram of the song "Forest Deer" sounds
- Name proposals with appeals. What request does the girl make to the deer?
- So, imagine that the deer fulfilled the request of the girl, and together with her we ended up in a fairy tale. There were no ordinary boys and girls left in our class, everyone became wizards. There are fairy tale characters around us: Puss in Boots, Alice from the Looking Glass, Courageous Chipollino, brownie Kuzka and many others. Imagine that you are in
difficult situation and you need to write a mini-letter fairy tale hero asking for help. But please, do not forget about polite words and sentences with appeals.
6. Evaluation
213. Read an excerpt from a Russian folk tale"Fox with a rolling pin". After the address, pause (Ι) and pronounce them with a convocative intonation. What are the purpose of making sentences with appeals?
Sentences with appeals for the purpose of the statement are interrogative.
214. Read, find an appeal. How do they stand out in speech and in writing in writing? Write, emphasizing the appeal.
The appeal is separated by commas in the letter. If the appeal is at the beginning of a sentence and is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it. In oral speech, appeals are distinguished by vocative intonation.
215. Rearrange the appeals in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Read your sentences aloud.
1. Mom, res e shi (words) me to go to the book fair today. - Allow me, mother, to go to the book fair today. - Let me go to the book fair today, mom.
2. Guys, do not forget to prepare for the Russian language Olympiad. - Do not forget, guys, to prepare for the Russian language Olympiad. - Do not forget to prepare for the Russian language Olympiad, guys.
216. Make sentences according to the schemes. (Ο stands for inversion).
1. Kolya, when will you wake up?
2. Mikhail Igorevich! Congratulations on your anniversary!
3. You, Anyuta, need to read more.
4. How comfortable it is with you, Marya Ivanovna!
217. Read a Russian folk song. In which sentences are the underlined words used as references, and in which are they subject?
Oh how I love my cow.
How can I give her some nettles.
Eat your heart out cow(appeal) my;
You eat to your heart's content brown cow (appeal) my!
How I love my cow!
I’ll pour a hearty drink for a cow:
To be full cow (subject) my,
To cream brown cow (subject) gave.
218. Think of a situation when it is appropriate to address a young doctor Nikolai Ivanovich Rybakov, calling him:
Nikolay Ivanovich;
- Nikolai;
- son (son);
- Mr. Rybakov;
- colleague;
- young man;
- doctor.
Compose and write down 2-3 sentences with appeals. Make diagrams.
1. Nikolai Ivanovich, we are waiting for you in the ninth office. (appeal of colleagues at work).
2. Nikolai, do you think we will have time to drop into the stadium today? (friend's call) ?
3. Son, help me, please, bring the sofa into the living room. (mother's address to her son).
4. We are glad to see you, Mr. Rybakov, at our conference! (appeal at a business meeting)!
5. Well, colleague, let's start bypassing. (appeal of a colleague with whom he is on good terms).
6. Young man, let me pass. (appeal of a stranger).
7. When will you discharge us, doctor? (patient's request).
219. Make sentences with appeals to a stranger in the following situations:
- you want to know the way;
- you ask the seller to show the goods;
- You ask what time it is.
Please tell me how to get to the stop. Please, show me that crystal vase. Sorry, can't tell me what time it is.
220. How can different people address your parents (acquaintances, neighbors) in different ways (by last name, first name and patronymic, in a word with a diminutive - caressing coloring)? Make 5 sentences with different appeals addressed to one person.
Marinochka, let me help you cook dinner. Marina Petrovna, today at ten o'clock in the morning we will have a meeting. Dear Marina! Happy Birthday to You! Well, tell Kolka, aunt Marina, not to fight. Where's our salt, Marin?
221. Read fragments from M. Gorky's letter to his son. Write out sentences with appeals, put the necessary punctuation marks. What can be said, judged only by this appeal, about the attitude of M. Gorky to his son?
Offers with appeals: I am sending you, my friend, the book "The Living Word", it contains the best (words) samples (sample c) of the Russian (words) language ...
Goodbye! I hug you, my child!
Judging by the appeals, we can say that M. Gorky loved his son very much.
In the grammar of the Russian language there are various characteristics suggestions. One of them is an indication of complicating elements. So, sentences with common appeals are sentences with complication.
Offer characteristics
When conducting syntactic analysis, it is necessary to determine the part of speech of all the words in the sentence, to identify which members of the sentence they are.
At the final stage of the analysis, it is necessary to characterize the proposal:
- Emotional coloring.
- Grammatical bases (one or more).
- Minor members (available or absent).
- Availability of required members.
- The presence of complicating elements.
Complicating structures
The implementation of paragraph 6 requires knowledge of complicating structures.
These are isolated members, introductory words, homogeneous members, qualifying members, appeals. An example of sentences with appeals and introductory words: Yuri, when do you think the broadcast of sports competitions will begin? I think, Valya, you shouldn't stay here. Ivan, you apparently vacationed in Cyprus?
For more information on how the offer can be complicated, see the table below.
| Complicator | Example |
| Detached Members | Plant, grown in the south, may die in the harsh climate of the north. Opening the window, she smelled cherry blossoms from the garden. |
| Introductory words and expressions | in the spring, perhaps we're going on a hike. According to researchers, the found artifact is more than 5 thousand years old. |
| Homogeneous Members | Children collected plums, apples and cherries. Schoolchildren on the seashore were playing into the ball, swam on a banana sunbathing in the sun. |
| Comparative turns | Breeze, like a warm mother's handkerchief wrapped around her shoulders. Like the prickly needles of a hedgehog, the grass was pricked in the field. |
| Refinement members | In the north, in the National Park "Arktika" inhabited by polar bears. Last year, in April They brought him a motorcycle. |
| Appeals | Kolya where does the narwhal live? Nikitin go to the post office. |
Appeal - part of a complicated sentence: intonation
Offers in which there are appeals have a number of differences. They are pronounced with a special vocative, ascending-descending intonation. If the appeal is a part, then the main semantic load is divided between the appeal and the verb. If the request is included in interrogative sentence, then the emphasis falls on the appeal. An example of proposals with appeals: Klim, bring documents on the sale of equipment. Son, let's not mess around at recess. Where are my sketches, Nadia? Daughter, how to get to the library? There are incentive-interrogative sentences, where there are two main logical stresses: Tell me, Dmitry, how did you manage to achieve success?
Appeal is part of a complicated sentence: grammatical features
In the sentence, the appeal is introduced in the nominative case. Sometimes, especially in colloquial speech, addresses may not be in the nominative case. For example: Did you pay the fare in your tunic? Hey, in straw hat Did you ask permission?
Appeals are usually nouns (often proper names): Mom, take me with you. Eugene, be smart!
Sometimes the appeal is adjectives, pronouns, numerals, participles. An example of sentences with appeals expressed not as a noun, but as a noun: Young people, go to the receptionist. Oh, you did things! Sixth, fight! Dancers, pay attention to the rhythm.
Being a construction that complicates the sentence, the appeal is separated by commas. If the appeal begins a sentence, then after it you must put a comma: Uncle, where did you serve?
If it is in the middle of a sentence, then it is separated by commas on both sides: You tell me, Volga, where the winds blow.
If the appeal ends the sentence, then a comma is needed before it: Repeat everything word for word, Lisa.
In cases where a particularly strong accentuating intonation is needed, an exclamation mark may be placed after the appeal: Friends! Let's meet more often.
If the appeal is accompanied by an intonation of understatement, then an ellipsis is placed after the appeal: Kat... Look at me! Given the peculiarities of the use of appeals, it is possible to appeal without difficulty.
Common treatment
If next to a noun appeal there is a definition expressed by a participle, an adjective, a possessive pronoun, then the appeal will be common. Offers with common ones which are given below are also complicated. Laughing baby, how are you? Dear brother, tell me a story. My friend, we haven't seen each other for a long time. This is complex sentences with common requests. There are cases when an entire isolated structure is in circulation. An example of sentences with appeals complicated by separate constructions: Comrades waiting for the train, be careful. A friend who has always understood me, you are dear to me.
Use of address in fiction
In fiction, appeals are introduced not only to name this or that character, but also to express the feeling with which the hero is addressed.
For example, sentences with an appeal from the literature, from the stories of I.A. Bunin: Thank you gentlemen, I feel too tired. Go ahead, brother, go bold! Barchuks, look at the ships! Mitya, they are hungry! Kohl, oh Kol!
Examples of sentences with common appeals from the literature: What is it, little barchuk? Are there any letters, Ivan Filimonovich? Sergei Lvovich, please play! Nikolay Nilych, how many pieces of sugar do you want? Farewell, pani Leshchinskaya. Farewell, sisters, angels, thank you for chatting with me.
Handling and etiquette
In many states there are generally accepted, gender and socially marked appeals. This is Mr, Mrs, Miss, Madam, Ma'am, Sir, Lady- in English-speaking countries, senor, senora- in Latin countries, monsieur, mademoiselle, madam- in France. In Russia, there is no generally accepted treatment. in Russia allows you to apply mister and mistress. In colloquial speech, the impersonal form is often used, for example, sorry, sorry. There are, mainly in oral speech, gender-differentiated appeals: woman, young man, girl, man other.
In Russian, there are a lot of rules that make it easier to work with spelling. Some of them are associated with the correct spelling of letters, others - with punctuation marks. Today we will consider such a thing as a proposal with an appeal. What is an appeal? How does it stand out? How does it fit with other words in the sentence?
General concept of circulation
An appeal is either a single word or a group of words that indicate the subject to whom speech is addressed in the text. For example: "Polina, give me pudding and a cup of tea for tea."
As a rule, a sentence with an appeal is distinguished by intonation. If you read this, you will immediately understand to whom it is addressed. For example: “Ivan Karlovich, you are biting. Quickly, pull out the bait."
In more detail, in oral speech, the appeal is usually distinguished by raising and lowering the voice. That is, if one word acts as an appeal, then its first syllable has an increase in voice, and the next one - its decrease. If the appeal is presented in several words, then the voice is raised on the first of them, and on the last one, the voice is lowered.
Where can an appeal be placed in a sentence?
Appeal is always in nominative case and is noun. If we talk about its position in the text, then it can stand in a sentence:
- at the beginning;
- in the middle;
- at the end.
Where is the appeal: examples
For example: “Svetlana, your pies seem to be burnt. Something is smoking in your kitchen." This sentence with an appeal clearly shows that the appeal - "Svetlana" - is at the very beginning of the phrase.
Another example: "Listen, Alexei Kondratievich, there is an article about you in today's press." As can be seen from this sentence, the appeal is located in the center of the utterance. In this case, the appeal will be "Alexey Kondratievich."
For example: “How late you told me about the exam, Slavik. I won't be able to prepare for it." This sentence with an appeal (the word "Slavik"), as you can see, is at the very end.
How is the appeal distinguished in the proposal?
As it becomes clear from the examples, appeals are distinguished by punctuation marks. Moreover, if it stands at the beginning and is calmly pronounced, then on the one hand it stands out with a comma (the punctuation mark is placed after the appeal). If it has a similar arrangement, but is pronounced with a special feeling, then after it is put Exclamation point. For example: “Friends! We are glad to tell you good news. From tomorrow we will have two days off a week.
Please note that after "Friends!" are distinguished by an exclamation point, the next word begins with a capital letter.
If the appeal is in the middle of a phrase or sentence, it is separated from both sides by commas. The previous sentence with an appeal (“Listen, Alexei Kondratievich ...”) clearly demonstrates this.
The appeal at the end of the sentence is separated by a comma on one side only. In this case, a comma is placed before the call.
What is the purpose of the call in the test?
Usually, sentences with appeals are used to attract the attention of a particular person. In addition, it is with the help of the appeal that you can demonstrate your attitude towards any person. For example: “Honey, pay attention! I've been walking under the window for the second hour. Open the doors."
In literature, it is often possible to refer to an inanimate object with the help of address. For example: “Tell me the wind, is it possible to feel the need for communication and love?”
Sometimes there are interesting proposals with appeals. In particular, we are talking about sentences that use not one, but several calls at once. For example, "Come on, my darling, Martyn Petrovich, let's find a place to sleep for today."
The address itself is not a member of the sentence, but it can have words dependent on itself. For example: “My dear friend and devoted comrade! A lot depends on your decision today.” At the same time, in the first part of the text (before the exclamation mark), we see the appeal “Friend and comrade”, which is bordered by additional words.
An appeal can refer to one or several subjects at once. In such cases, "and" is placed between these calls. For example: “Kolya and Igor, today it’s your turn to be on duty in the classroom. Remove debris and dust off bookshelves". In this case, the appeal is "Kolya and Igor."
In addition, references can be repeated in the same sentence. For example: "Lena, Lena, aren't you ashamed?!"
Often, before the conversion, you can see the interjection particle "o". For example: “Do not despair, O friend. Everything will be alright!"
How sentences with an appeal are separated in business letters: examples
When compiling business documentation, appeals are also used. As a rule, they are written separately from the rest of the text and are highlighted with an exclamation point. For example:
Dear users of the Internet provider "XXX"!
The company "XXX" LLC reminds that from 20.07.2015 to 21.07.2015 it carries out preventive maintenance. As a result, the Internet will not work.
At the same time, pay attention to the fact that our appeal already includes the word “respected”, therefore, it is not separated by commas. Another example:
Hello dear subscriber!
Firm "UUU" is pleased to inform you that you can now pay for our services without commission in your personal account.
In this example, you can see that “dear subscriber” acts as a call. In this case, "hello" is not included in the address. It is a bright predicate and therefore stands out with a comma. Similar sentences with an appeal (you can see examples in our article) clearly demonstrate the location of appeals in business letters.
How are introductory words written?
Introductory words are sentences or phrases that introduce a special shade of modality into the text. At the same time, they refer either to certain members of the proposal, or to the proposal as a whole. In addition, water words can convey uncertainty and confidence, as well as other feelings (joy or sadness, admiration). An example of introductory words: "We will certainly keep our promise to increase your wages next month".
Introductory words, which are separated by commas, can be used in sentences along with appeals. Here is one example of a sentence with appeals, introductory words:
It seems, Ivan Petrovich, in this case you have absolutely no control over the question. We will have to turn to a more knowledgeable person.
In this example, “it seems” acts as an introductory word, while the appeal here is “Ivan Petrovich”. In this case, the introductory word is at the beginning of the sentence and, therefore, is separated by a comma on one side. The second comma in this text refers to our appeal.
Here is another example where the introductory word is at the beginning, and the appeal is in the middle:
Looks like your game is lost, dear friend.
Examples of what introductory words can convey:
How does addressing feel next to interjections?
In Russian, there are sentences with appeals and interjections. Recall that interjections are a certain part of speech that serves to endow expressions and sentences with some kind of emotion. Interjections include such short words as: “Oh!”, “Ah!”, “Fathers!”, “Ay!” - other.
If, together with an interjection in a sentence, there is an appeal, then the first is distinguished by an exclamation mark, and the second by a comma or commas. For example: “Alas! Ivan, Makarovich, your letter was handed over by messenger yesterday.
If the sentence contains the interjection "o" and it comes before the appeal, then the exclamation point is not put. For example: “Oh, gods, is it possible to spend hard-earned money like that ?!”
In addition, often an appeal can stand next to an interjection, and then a comma and an exclamation mark are not put between them. For example: "Oh, you, and I had a better opinion of you."
In conclusion, we say that the appeal gives the proposal a special sound. It goes well with both its own kind and other parts of speech. Now you know how sentences are written with appeals and introductory words, as well as with interjections.