Warm plaster - heat-insulating facade. Warm plaster Warm mix for plaster

07.05.2020

Heat-insulating plasters have recently appeared on the construction market. But they have already gained their popularity. In some cases, it can make it possible to avoid unnecessary costs and then the final price of finishing will be much lower.

Today we will tell you what the heat-insulating plaster mixture is, its parameters and application. Also on the video in this article you can get acquainted with this material in more detail.

Features of heat-insulating plaster

The heat-insulating plaster mixture has quite decent characteristics and has many positive qualities. It can be perfectly applied with your own hands, the technology is the same as when applying a conventional cement composition (see Let's consider how to plaster with a cement-sand mortar). But before you buy it is worth knowing what you will get.

Fire safety	These types of plaster have special fireproof fillers, such as vermiculite, perlite, foam glass. This made it possible to obtain an absolutely non-combustible final product belonging to the NG class. Heat-insulating plaster with the addition of expanded polystyrene foam is capable of burning, and therefore belongs to group G1.
Ecological cleanliness	Many widespread heaters are capable of releasing harmful substances, which cannot be said about warm plaster.
Multifunctionality	Such plaster can serve not only as a heat-insulating layer, but also as decorative finishes, in the form of a finishing layer. It can be used to level building surfaces.
Thermal insulation parameters	Plaster of this type, in its own way technical properties, is not inferior to widespread types of plasters, and in some respects it is superior. A layer of warm plaster of 50 mm, according to thermal insulation indicators, is equal to the thickness of the masonry of 2 bricks or the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, which is made on the basis of expanded polystyrene, equal to 2-4 cm.
Physical parameters	Due to the above fillers, warm plaster is much lighter than conventional types of plaster, and therefore does not constitute an additional load on building surfaces. At the same time, it fits perfectly on all types of surfaces.
Practical use	The technology of applying this type of plaster is absolutely compatible with the method of applying widely known species plasters.

Types and types of warm plasters

Depending on the purpose, heat-insulating plaster is divided into 2 main types:

Heat-insulating plaster, which is used as a preliminary layer for finishing decorative coatings. This layer serves as an auxiliary insulating layer and has thermal insulation properties similar to warm building materials such as aerated concrete or ceramic blocks.
Heat-insulating plaster mixture with higher thermal insulation characteristics and high strength. They are used for finishing building planes. This plaster has thermal insulation performance 2-3 times lower than aerated concrete, but 1.5-2 times higher than mineral wool. Several types of such plasters are produced, having the same properties, but differing in composition.

Characteristic feature of warm plaster

These are the most latest materials meeting the latest demand. with their help, you can quickly and efficiently insulate housing or other buildings.

At the same time, they have a number of undeniable advantages:

Unique thermal insulation characteristics that allow replacing masonry with 1.5-2 bricks or a layer of expanded polystyrene, 2-4 cm thick. At the same time, the thickness of the plaster layer will not exceed 5 cm.
Light weight. It is 3-4 times lighter than traditional types of plasters. After drying, its specific gravity is 240-360kg per cubic meter.
Solidity and homogeneity do not allow it to crumble and delaminate. If damage has occurred to the outer layer of plaster, then this can be easily repaired.
Warm plaster adheres well to all known building surfaces. Therefore, it can be applied directly on surfaces without prior priming, and also without the use of reinforcing meshes, except if the layer of warm plaster exceeds a thickness of 50 mm. Warm plasters adhere well to surfaces made of stone, concrete, brick, drywall, etc.
Applying warm plaster does not require special skills. They are produced in dry form and must be diluted with water before application. The result is a sufficiently plastic mass with which it is easy to work, and the application does not require the use of special tools, while it can be applied both manually and with the help of mechanical devices.
Most of the warm plasters are produced for applying a decorative layer. They have high strength characteristics, have durability, and have water-repellent properties. At the same time, they are able to breathe, and therefore they can be applied to any surface. Warm plaster can be painted with vapor-proof paints.
They not only do not burn, but are able to protect building structures from destruction during a fire. Such plasters with organic additives do not burn and do not support combustion.

Composition of warm plasters

High technological properties due to a well-balanced recipe. This high-tech product includes many different additives, such as water repellents, air-entraining additives, and plasticizers. About 40-75% of the volume is made up of fine-grained porous fillers, with a grain size of up to 2 mm.

The main binder is lime or white Portland cement. Depending on the type of applied thermal insulation material, warm plasters are divided into 2 types: with mineral or organic filler.

As a mineral filler apply:

Foamed perlite or vermiculite. This is natural materials volcanic origin, swollen at elevated temperatures. These materials absorb moisture very well, so they are additionally treated with water repellents. As a result of this treatment, they are able to absorb moisture, after which it can easily evaporate.
A granular hollow foam glass ball that has excellent water repellency and mechanical strength to create a final product with high mechanical strength.

Attention: Expanded polystyrene granules obtained as a result of a special technology are used as an organic filler. This material is permeable, but less resistant to mechanical damage therefore, such walls should be protected with finishing plaster or vapor-permeable paint.

Thickness of the applied layer

Attention: Based on this, we can conclude that warm plaster acts as an additional heat-insulating layer, and it is simply not rational to use it for full-fledged insulation of a building, as this increases its consumption.

As calculations show, in order to actually insulate a building with a wall thickness of 50 cm, it is necessary to apply a layer of plaster, 8 to 10 cm thick, or even more.
Warm plaster is produced in bags of 7-10 kg, which makes it possible to cover 1 square meter surface with a layer of 2-2.5 cm.
When using such plaster in different regions, additional calculations are required, depending on natural conditions, as well as the characteristics of the main building material, such as brick, foam blocks or aerated concrete.

Scope of heat-insulating plasters

Such plasters can be used for various conditions both as the main insulating layer and as an auxiliary one.

Note: Many items building structures it is more convenient and more profitable to insulate with warm plasters, such as window or door slopes, various recesses and bulges, curvilinear architectural elements, domes, niches, etc.

In other words, various hard-to-reach places where the use of traditional insulation methods can disrupt the external or internal design of architectural solutions.
With the help of warm plaster, defects formed after the application of traditional types of plaster can be easily corrected. These can be cracks, shells and various delaminations.
Since such plasters are environmentally friendly, they are recommended to be used inside buildings and structures. They can be recommended for use at the junction of plaster with materials that have completely different specifications, for example, at the junction of door and window frames with a plaster layer.
Their use can be effective if there is a need to preserve the living space as much as possible during warming measures. This approach can take place when applying warm plaster in areas such as a bath. If, before laying the tiles, the walls are trimmed with warm plaster, then there will be practically no condensation in such a room.
On the construction market, you can find warm plasters designed to insulate ceilings, as well as preparatory work associated with the insulation of floors and other surfaces.
Warm plaster is compatible with any building surface, but manufacturers of such plasters recommend applying them to even surfaces lined with ceramic blocks or autoclaved aerated concrete. This allows more efficient use of this modern thermal insulation material.
When applied to embossed or uneven surfaces, they must be leveled with a conventional vapor-permeable plaster.
Plasters intended for use as a leveling layer are cheaper, so you should not worry about overspending them.

Technology for applying warm plaster

It is possible to warm the house with such plaster rather quickly, in comparison with traditional approaches. It will take 3-4 times less time, and if you use the mechanical method, the results can be impressive: a team of 4 people, using special mechanisms, is able to process up to 400 square meters of construction space in one shift, while how a good specialist can manually plaster from 30 to 50 square meters in the same time.

So:

For readiness, dry plaster mixture is diluted with water and stirred well. There should be no lumps in the finished mixture, and the mixture itself should be plastic. Ready solution can be used for several hours at a temperature not lower than +5°C.
The prepared surface must be clean and sound. Such plaster is not thrown on the wall, but, as it were, rubbed into the surface.
If you believe the recommendations, then warm plaster should be applied in a layer, no more than 2.5 cm at a time. If a greater layer thickness is required, then it is applied in 2 or 3 passes, while the layer thickness should not exceed 5 cm.
After 2-3 days, you can start painting the surface, and the plaster layer acquires the maximum thermal insulation performance in a couple of months, as soon as it dries.

Applying warm plaster - instructions

Installation of beacons	In order for the plaster to be of high quality, metal beacons are installed on the wall surface before applying the plaster.
Mixture preparation	For readiness, it is enough to add a certain amount of water to the dry mixture and stir with a construction mixer.
Solution application	The mixture is applied with a trowel or a metal spatula, and then, with left-to-right and upward movements, the plaster mixture is leveled between the beacons.
Layer Alignment	The final leveling of the layer is carried out after the excess plaster between the beacons has been removed.
Sealing cracks from lighthouses	After the plaster has partially dried, the beacons are removed from the wall, after which the depressions are sealed with the same plaster.
Applying the final layer	In conclusion, the plastered surface is carefully rubbed with a plaster trowel using a plaster mixture, but with a more liquid consistency.

At this time, there are many companies that produce this material. For example, heat-insulating plaster Umka and there is also a plaster-and-glue mixture of thermal insulation. Here the choice is yours to make. Look at the photo and make your choice. The instructions will help you make the right choice.

The choice of insulation for interior decoration walls is a task that today has many solutions. At the same time, many prefer widely known materials such as styrofoam or mineral wool.

However, there are less traditional way insulation, which has not yet gained particular popularity due to high cost of composition. It's about about a material called "warm plaster", the features of which will be presented for consideration in this article.

What is this material?

Heat-insulating plaster - a combined material that combines ordinary rough plaster and insulating components.

Mineral additives contained in the mixture, give the solution heat-insulating properties. Warm plaster contains the following types of fillers:

porous (polystyrene foam granules, perlite, foamed glass, etc.);
binders (cement, gypsum, lime);
polymeric materials - plasticizers.

Heat-insulating plaster - highly porous material due to which it is sometimes called "draining".

Varieties

Depending on the filler, which gives the composition thermal insulation qualities, warm plaster divided into several types, each of which has its own characteristics.

with perlite

Perlite is a material based on expanded perlite sand. It is one of the varieties of volcanic glass and has a pearl-like texture, but contains more than 1% water in its composition.

The feature of the material is ability to increase (5-20 times) and swelling (10-12 times) as a result of heat treatment. Perlite plaster is used for facade decoration and internal walls both in industrial and residential areas.

Advantages of perlite mixture:

high heat and sound insulation properties;
high-quality adhesion when applied to various mineral surfaces;
plaster is fireproof and gives additional fire resistance to the treated surface;
has good vapor permeability;
environmentally friendly and harmless to health;
differs in plasticity and convenience in work.

The downside is high gyroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture four times its weight, which is why the surface needs to be finished.

Applying warm plaster for interior work with your own hands

Walls need to be prepared cleaning them from dust and dirt and removing the old coating (wallpaper, tiles, paint, etc.).

For better adhesion the surface can be impregnated with a primer deep penetration. The honeycomb structure, as well as the presence of reinforcing fibers in the composition, give warm plaster resistance to cracking, so that the surface to be finished does not need to install a reinforcing mesh.

Before applying the composition walls should be thoroughly moistened warm water for high-quality coupling of the solution with the surface.

Next you need knead the solution with an electric drill and mixer, following the instructions on the package. You can check the readiness of the composition by typing the mixture on a spatula and turning it over. If the solution does not fall, then it is ready for application.

The application process itself is the same as finishing with conventional cement mortar. Beacons are installed on the wall, between which they throw the mixture and align it with the rule. The thickness of the layer, as a rule, is no more than 5 cm.

For applying the final leveling layer a more liquid solution should be used, which is smoothed with a plastic float, thereby eliminating minor defects, pits and irregularities. After 48 hours, the plastered surface can be veneered.

Applying warm plaster: video instruction.

The product of the evolution of the traditional cement-sand mortar is warm plaster. The energy crisis makes us look for new saving technologies in all spheres of life. So, as a result of experiments with a conventional sand-cement mixture, a decorative and insulating mortar with low thermal conductivity was obtained, which does an excellent job of eliminating the so-called "cold bridges".

Quite non-warm "warm" plaster

The replacement of the sand fraction in the finishing formulation of the plaster endowed it with completely new properties. Sawdust, pumice powder, perlite sand, expanded clay chips, granulated polystyrene foam, expanded vermiculite are used as new components. They contribute to the improvement of the thermal properties of the material.

Special additives make the new warm materials versatile: they can be used for interior walls and outdoor decoration. Such works include capping gaps, crevices, joints of the inter-wall space, as well as the ceilings of the house. They perform thermal insulation of the basement of the building with warm plaster, additional internal wall insulation. Trim the slopes on the windows. Warm plaster is indispensable on the facades of buildings with complex architectural forms.

To the touch, the wall plastered with a “warm” solution is by no means warm. The coating got its name because of the low thermal conductivity and "work" to save heat inside the building. Warm facade plaster plays the role of a thermos: it does not let heat out in winter, it isolates the walls from outside from solar radiation in summer. Due to the heavy weight of the finished plaster layer, it is applied with a thickness of only 2.5, maximum 10 cm, while the absolute thermal protection efficiency of the coating is achieved at 100–120 mm, which makes the wall structure heavier, and it is problematic to form such a layer.

It is obvious that the main destructive "blow" takes on the facade. It is watered by downpours, dried by winds, warped by frosts. It is the design of the walls outside that needs a warm insulating coating.

Criterias of choice

Special requirements are imposed on warm plaster for outdoor work:

environmental friendliness: the components included in the composition (lime, gypsum, cement, etc.) do not emit harmful substances;
compatibility when used with other facing materials;
biological stability and moisture resistance;
property not to ignite and not to sustain combustion.

Attention! According to these criteria, warm facade plaster with mineral fillers (vermiculite, perlite, foam glass), belonging to the NG class (non-combustible) and not absorbing moisture, are actively used for exterior finish. At the same time, thermal insulation finishing material, based on expanded polystyrene foam, on the contrary, combustible, is classified in group G1. For the same reasons, solutions with additives that reduce the thermal conductivity of the finishing layer (sawdust, cellulose mass) only finish the inner surfaces.

Preparing for the launch

The best option for warm cladding is a facade that does not require additional insulation. It is quite possible to make warm plaster with your own hands. For those who are familiar with traditional plastering, it will not be difficult to do this using decoration as an additional means of insulation. Moreover, the process itself is not much different from the usual traditional method, moreover, allows the use of small-scale mechanization. Therefore, the possibility of errors is minimized.

To perform the work, you will need: a round bowl or other container for preparing the mixture, a measuring cup (jar) for dosing water, a construction mixer (low speed), a wide spatula, a grater for applying and distributing the solution along the wall, aluminum slats (beacons), a level, a rule (flat rail) for leveling the mixture according to the installed beacons.
The temperature of the air and the wall itself should not be below 5°C.
In the case of lining with a low-temperature mortar, these parameters should not fall below -10°C.

Do it yourself or where to start decorating on your own?

Do-it-yourself warm plastering involves thorough preparation, during which the walls are prepared, their possible cleaning of the old coating is carried out. Irregularities are cleaned, surfaces are primed. They must be clean and not dusty. If there are minor chips, then a layer of heat cladding can be applied directly to them. With significant irregularities, poor condition of the walls, plastering with a thickness of more than 5 cm requires the installation of a plaster or reinforcing mesh for reinforcement.

The volumetric weight of the finished cladding (200-340 kg / m³) is quite significant, it directly affects the foundation. Therefore, before work, you should make sure that the foundation is reliable. Vertically along the wall, parallel to each other with a step less than the length of the rule, aluminum beacons are installed. Maintaining the level is constantly checked by a level. "Recipe" for a solution of warm plaster in one's own preparation

Having decided on the estimated thickness of the future layer (usually, it is 2-5 cm), the mixture is purchased. The main measure is the volume of the dry mixture in the package. With a bag weight of 7-10 kg, its contents can process 1 sq. m area with a layer thickness of 2.5cm. It must be taken into account that the prepared batch of mortar must be used within a few hours, before the hardening process begins.

"Recipe" for a solution of warm plaster in one's own preparation

You can make a plastic mixture yourself, especially since the recipe does not include scarce components. They can be bought at any building market. The purchase will cost less than ready-made warm plaster. Purchased cement (1 part). A porous filler component (4 parts) is needed to improve vapor permeability and prevent dampness. In this capacity, you can use granular vermiculite or perlite.

On a note! Additives-plasticizers increase the degree of adhesion of the solution to the wall, make it possible to apply it to parts of the facade that are complex in shape. Alternatively, instead of plasticizers, PVA glue is added to the mixture. It will require only 50 gr. for a 10 liter bucket.

Preparing the solution is easy. First, with the help of a construction mixer, with thorough mixing, the plasticizer (or glue) is diluted with water. Cement in dry form is combined with filler granules. With the constant operation of the mixer, a water-adhesive solution is gradually added to the dry components. The mixture is stirred until a thick mass is obtained. To gain the necessary properties, the finished batch needs to be infused for a quarter of an hour. Ready. You can start applying plaster.

Ready mix mortar

If you use a ready-made dry mix, then you need to pour water into the container in the amount indicated on the package. Mixing the solution is easy, you should follow only two mandatory rules. The use of a multi-component composition requires the preparation of the entire contents of the package at once, without dividing into parts, the remainder for filling. The contents of the package must be completely in solution. The mass is thoroughly mixed for at least 5 minutes until completely homogeneous. Another five minutes are given for “ripening”, while all the components finally react with each other and take on the viscosity characteristics that are required by the technology.

Finishing the facade with heat-insulating plaster (final stage)

For better adhesion, warm outdoor plaster is laid on a damp surface.
The treated part of the facade is moistened before applying the mixture.
The solution is mixed again before being applied to the wall, its consistency in density should resemble sour cream with a high percentage of fat content.
The finished mixture is applied with a spatula to a grater (trowel), applied to the wall from the bottom up with rubbing translational movements between adjacent vertically located beacons. Immediately equals the rule, while removing excess solution.
If the wall area is large, then a plastering machine can be used to speed up and facilitate the work. The solution is fed through the nozzle. The area with the applied solution is again leveled by the rule.

With increased requirements for roughness and decorative design walls, you need to put another thin finish layer.
The grater carefully eliminates irregularities to the required surface smoothness. Compliance with the geometry of the lined facade is constantly checked with a level, both during and after work. The maximum deviation in this case should not exceed 3 mm.
After a few hours, the beacons are removed, the resulting cracks are carefully rubbed with the same mixture. The wall is finally rubbed with a solution of a more liquid consistency.
For multi-layer application, it is necessary that each layer is not thicker than 2.0 cm, and all subsequent ones are applied to the dried surface. To do this, you need to make technological breaks: under normal climatic conditions, they are about 4 hours.
The final completion of the work involves the complete drying of the facade within two days, followed by its painting.

Attention! The polymerization processes of the components of the solution are completely completed only 4 weeks after the end of the work. It was at this time that the plastered layer gains its final strength, becomes a monolith. At the same time, flaws are revealed: delamination of the material, the appearance of cracks. The necessary heat-insulating qualities of the plaster appear after 60 days, when the lining is completely dry throughout the entire thickness.

In order for the house to compare favorably with its "brothers" on the street, you need a little: make an effort, use plaster good quality and realize the plan with the help of well-executed work.

Warm plaster for interior work is a very unusual and new building and finishing material for many, which has appeared relatively recently on the domestic market. Accordingly, it is quite natural to consider the question of what kind of building mixtures - warm plasters - and how to use them.

Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster for interior work is a dry mix based on ordinary cement. The difference from the classic solution is the absence of sand in the composition. It can be replaced by any other components:

Perlite sand.
Expanded clay crumb.
Powder derived from pumice.
Styrofoam granules and other materials.

Varieties of warm plaster

There are several varieties of warm plaster. Building mixtures differ in composition, scope, application method and technical and operational characteristics.

The following three are among the most popular.

Warm plaster with expanded vermiculite

Expanded vermiculite is a light mineral aggregate obtained by heat treatment of vermiculite rock. Warm plaster with the addition of such a component is used mainly for outdoor work. Despite this, it can also be used for interior decoration - it is universal building material. Among the advantages of vermiculite warm plaster are excellent antiseptic properties.

sawdust plaster

Warm plaster for interior work, which is especially popular and not intended for exterior decoration - the so-called sawdust mixture. It consists of sawdust, particles of cement, clay and often paper. Actually, it is for this reason that it is not used for outdoor work.

This mixture is ideal for application to wood and brick surfaces. The applied layers of plaster should dry out only if the room is well ventilated. Complete drying takes about two weeks. In a closed room, fungus and mold can develop on the surface of the plaster.

Styrofoam granules plaster

Another good type of plaster is a mixture with the addition. Its composition, in addition, includes cement, lime, various additives and aggregates. It is mainly used for exterior finishing work, but it can also be used for interior.

Styrofoam granular plaster is the most common, unlike the other two types.

Scope of warm plaster

To date, dry mixes of this type are used in the following areas:

Building decoration and thermal insulation.
Additional insulation and sound insulation of external and internal walls of buildings.
When using well masonry - wall insulation.
Insulation of sewer drains, risers of hot and cold water supply.
Insulation of window blocks and slopes in places where they fit to the walls.
as a heat insulator and soundproofing material during interior finishing work.
Experts advise using warm plaster as a material for insulating floors and ceilings.

Benefits of warm plaster

Quick application of plaster - in a day of work, you can cover a surface of 110-170 square meters. m.
Does not require the use of reinforcing mesh.
There is no need to level the walls if warm plaster is used for interior work.
The mixture has excellent adhesion to all types of surfaces.
There is no risk of occurrence because there are no metallic bonds.

disadvantages

The mixture does not belong to the category of finishing coatings and requires the application of not only a primer, but also a layer of decorative plaster.
Unlike wool or polystyrene, the thickness of insulation with a warm composition is several times greater.
Plaster is not quite economically consumed - the price for it, by the way, is not so low.

Where should you use warm plaster?

Based on all the pros and cons of this dry mix, it is best to use it in the following works:

Sealing of joints and cracks in ceilings and walls of buildings.
For internal work in case of additional insulation, for example, when it is impossible to carry out insulation procedures outside the building, a cladding is installed, which will deteriorate during disassembly.
Window trim.
Basement insulation.

Technology for applying warm plaster

The base before applying a dry mix of this type is prepared in the same way as before applying ordinary plaster on cement base. Remains of other materials, dust and dirt are carefully removed. If necessary, the surface can be treated with special compounds or a primer in order to strengthen and improve adhesion.

An important requirement is that before starting work on applying plaster, the base must be thoroughly moistened with water.

Sequencing:

The dry mixture is poured into a container prepared in advance with a volume of at least 50 liters.
Clean water is added in the amount indicated on the plaster package.
With the help of a construction mixer, the mass is mixed.
The life of the finished mixture is 120 minutes.

Checking the consistency of the resulting mixture is very simple - a small amount of the solution is collected on a trowel, after which the tool is turned over. A well-mixed mixture should not fall off it. Finished plaster can be applied both manually and by machine.

Warm plaster is applied to the base surface with special construction tools in several layers, and the layer thickness should not exceed 2 cm.
Each subsequent layer is applied 4 hours after the previous one.
The drying time of each layer may vary depending on the level of humidity in the air.
Warm plaster is applied with movements from the bottom up.
Checking the applied layer is carried out three to four weeks after all work has been completed.
The full curing of the plaster occurs within one to two months.

Mistakes when applying warm plaster

During interior finishing work using warm plaster, certain mistakes can often be made, especially if they are not handled by specialists. As a result of this, delaminations, cracks may appear or the geometry of the entire room may change due to a too thick applied layer.

The quality is checked quite simply: for this, a rule-rake is applied to the surface. In the presence of gaps between the tool and the wall, there are violations of the geometry.

When applying plaster, the most important thing is to avoid deviations from the vertical or horizontal by more than 3 mm.

Dry mix consumption

Plaster is consumed (the price for it varies between 200-900 rubles per pack), depending on the thickness of the layer: about 10-15 kilograms are spent per square meter of the base.

If the work is done by specialists, you will have to pay about $ 15 for their services, not counting the cost of the materials and tools themselves.

Plaster layer thickness

Depending on the thickness of the walls, the material from which they are made, and the climatic zone in which the building is located, the size of the layer of the finishing composition also varies. According to standard calculations, 51 cm can be insulated by applying a layer of plaster of 8-10 cm on it. Of course, such a consumption of the mixture is simply huge and irrational, so it is best to use it as additional material. Unlike classic bricks, aerated concrete or ceramic blocks require a much smaller layer of plaster.

The standard material thickness recommended by manufacturers is from 2 to 5 cm. Calculating the required amount of the mixture is quite simple, in addition, it is supplied in separate packages weighing 7-10 kilograms. The standard amount of plaster is usually enough to apply a layer of 2-2.5 cm per square meter of surface.

Plaster "Knauf"

Dry mix "Knauf" is a very expensive finishing material with good heat-insulating and water-repellent properties. Safe insulation, easy to apply on the prepared base. Its advantages include vapor permeability, weather resistance, absolute environmental friendliness and additional surface insulation.

Plaster "Knauf" - best option for interior finishing work.

Heat in the house is one of the most important factors to which attention should be paid during the construction of the premises. Heat loss can be minimized different ways. Today, more and more often, special warm plasters are used for this. They are applied only from the inside, which allows you to further align the walls for further finishing.

Peculiarities

Warm plaster is a mixture based on cement, the main task of which is to keep the heat inside the room. Classic sand-based solutions are characterized by high heat loss. To increase thermal insulation, various fillers are added to the composition of plasters that can create a porous structure.

Today, in production, these products are made from such substances:

expanded clay;
perlite;
sawdust;
expanded polystyrene.

Plasters of this type have several positive features:

Ease of application. The wall covering technology practically does not differ from the classic plastering with cement mixtures.
Versatility. With the help of plaster, not only heat loss is reduced, but also the walls are leveled for decorative finishing.
Vapor permeability. Substances pass moisture well, which allows you to create an optimal microclimate inside the house.
No cold bridges.

Good adhesion to various types of surfaces. This allows you to finish almost all walls with minimal cost and effort. On some substrates, plasters can be applied even without prior priming.
Good soundproofing. The compositions absorb sound waves of various ranges well. But if they are affected by vibration, then they are not able to hide such noise.
Plasters are not damaged by rodents, and mold and other harmful microorganisms do not develop in them.

Warm compounds do not differ in versatility, as they have several significant drawbacks:

High price. It is quite expensive to buy such compositions in large volume, which makes people look for alternatives insulation.
Low coefficient of thermal conductivity. This indicator for plasters is much inferior to the value for such heaters as mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.
The maximum thickness of the plaster cannot exceed 5 cm. If this value is increased, then the composition will peel off very quickly after hardening.
Relatively high density. Although the composition includes relatively light materials, after application to the walls, they can still create a significant load on the surface.
Almost all types of plaster mixtures after application should be covered with additional protective solutions. In most cases, puttying with various compounds (based on gypsum or cement) is used for this.

Kinds

Modern manufacturers present many types of warm plasters. Depending on the composition and presence of the main component, the following types of mixtures can be distinguished:

Expanded breeds. The most common type of heat-saving plasters. They are obtained in the process of high-temperature processing of various types of mineral fillers. Today, expanded clay chips, vermiculite and perlite are increasingly used for this. These products can be used both inside and outside buildings. But the latter option requires additional processing (reinforcement, finishing), since water will penetrate into the rooms through the pores, violating the structure of the finishing materials.

Polystyrene compositions. Plasters on a similar basis also receive unique protective properties. But experts recommend using them only for external walls. This is due to the fact that the material is not environmentally friendly, so it is undesirable inside residential premises.
Foam glass plaster. The filler is obtained from waste glass or directly from quartz sand. All these components melt and are amenable to sequential foaming, which allows achieving unique technical parameters. Stucco mixtures based on foam glass are distinguished by their low weight and good heat retention performance.

This material is environmentally friendly and safe, since it does not emit any harmful substances at all (even when heated). Therefore, such a substance is one of the leaders in the manufacture of heat-saving plasters.

Wood sawdust. The material is quite often used in industrial production. It is also used by many craftsmen for the preparation of warm plasters. Compositions based on sawdust have unique heat-saving characteristics, and are also completely safe for human health. But with strong heating, sawdust can begin to smolder.

It should be noted that warm plasters are not a universal insulation, as they are not able to replace classic materials. But if you need to improve the thermal insulation properties of wall surfaces, then it will be the best solution.

Application area

Warm plasters are the name of a class of mixtures that can increase the thermal insulation of a surface. This has led to such a wide distribution of this product in the modern market.

Use similar compositions to solve several problems:

Alignment and insulation of facades. Theoretically, various heat-insulating plasters can be applied outside the building. But some of them can withstand changes in temperature and humidity, while others should be additionally covered with a protective layer. Therefore, the use of such materials outside is limited to only a few varieties.
Alignment and thermal insulation of internal walls. Almost all types of plasters are suitable for such purposes. Some of them are able to change not only the heat-insulating properties, but also give a decorative effect.

Insulation of structures that were built according to the principle of "well masonry". Insulating plaster is used here to fill the voids that have formed in the wall structure.
Protection of sewers or water pipes from exposure low temperatures. In most cases, they are used in places where pipes adjoin the house. Works of this type require preliminary planning and the creation of protective frames.
Insulation of door or window slopes. Insulating plaster prevents the occurrence of cold bridges. This avoids condensation.
Thermal insulation of ceiling or floor surfaces. But such use of them is relatively rare, as users prefer classic heaters and approaches.

Application technology

Warm plasters are practically no different from classic mixtures.

The plastering process can be divided into several successive steps:

Surface preparation. This type of plaster should only be applied to clean and even walls. It is desirable that they do not have cracks or other physical damage. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate the gaps with cement mortars.
Padding. This operation is optional for many mixtures. It is advisable to clarify this fact before using solutions. But experts recommend almost always covering the walls with deep penetration primers. They will not only strengthen the wall, but also remove dust from its surface.
Solution preparation. All components should be mixed only in exact proportions. Experts recommend kneading the entire package at once, as the components in it may be distributed unevenly.

The mixing of the masonry mortar is carried out with a construction mixer. Please note that this should not be done at high speeds. It is advisable to add dry mixture to water, and not vice versa. Thus, it is possible to obtain a uniform and high-quality plaster. To check if the mixture is ready, you need to type it on a spatula and turn it over. In this position, it should not fall.

Installation of beacons. These elements are located around the perimeter of the walls. They allow you to achieve a perfectly flat surface.
Plastering. The composition is applied with a wide spatula between the beacons. Experts recommend starting work from the bottom and moving up. The solution is distributed in an even layer. When the area between adjacent beacons is filled, you can start leveling. To do this, the mixture is shifted by a long rule, while leaning on the supports.
When the plaster hardens a little, you need to remove the beacons and fill these places with a liquid composition. At the very end, the final alignment is carried out.

Manufacturers

Warm plasters differ in composition, which affects them. physical properties. Today, many manufacturers cement mortars produce various products. Among all this diversity, there are several popular brands of warm plasters:

Knauf Grunband- one of the most famous types of plasters. It is made on the basis of polystyrene foam filler. The fraction of balls does not exceed the size of 1.5 mm. The manufacturer also adds different kinds plasticizers and water-repellent additives. After hardening, the top layer of plaster forms a unique decorative surface. Subsequently, it can be painted with special paints that will protect the surface from climatic influences. It is not recommended for indoor use. To obtain optimal thermal insulation performance, the solution should be applied in a layer with a thickness of at least 1 cm, but not more than 3 cm.

UMKA UB-21 ТМ. Universal heat-insulating plasters that perfectly withstand significant temperature changes. The applied layer of substance is able to endure up to 35 winter cycles. It is made on the basis of a cement-lime mixture with the addition of foam glass. The product can be applied to almost any mineral substrate. Great for any kind of work. The materials also repel water quite well, which allows you to protect the main surface from its effects. Another advantage can be considered the quality indicators of sound insulation. But if you use it for interior walls, then the surface after hardening will need to be additionally covered with special putties.

"Bear"- Another good variety of solutions of domestic production. According to customer reviews, it tolerates frosty winters well. The advantages of products include low thermal conductivity. It is universal, as it can be used in various temperature conditions.
HAGAst AuBenputzPerlit FS-402. The main constituent elements here are cement and perlite sand. Compositions are intended for processing cellular concrete and gas silicate blocks. But they are also suitable for brick and wood concrete. The only drawback can be considered the inability of the plaster to withstand external influences. Therefore, it should be additionally putty with protective solutions.