Ceiling made of wood with your own hands. Wooden ceiling. wood ceiling cladding

29.10.2019

Installation helps to decorate the interior. The most demanded are hemmed wooden ceilings. The design got its name due to the way the panels are attached from below to the ceiling ceiling. They are installed in rooms with wooden and concrete floors.

Basic techniques

Experts identify several manufacturing technologies for such structures. The most famous are hemmed and coffered ceilings. In the first variant, lining or eurolining is used. The boards are made from linden, conifers wood or oak. They are attached to the floor frame and connect the spike into the groove. The design resembles clapboard ceiling sheathing, but instead of individual boards, entire panels are fastened.

Decorative ceilings are made of shields. The structures are covered with expensive wood veneer and have an attractive appearance. A relief hemmed ceiling is constructed from a chipped beam. A rectangular blank is split lengthwise and fixed to the frame with a smooth surface. With the help of visible chips, a unique pattern is formed on the ceiling.

Caisson structures are assembled from box-shaped modules, which are called caissons. The technology of their production is the most complex, and the type finished construction spectacular. Experts highlight the following advantages of such a finish:

durability in the presence of appropriate wood care;
resistance to environmental influences;
environmental friendliness: wood and impregnations do not contain toxic substances;
high degree of sound and heat insulation;
attractiveness: experts do not recommend painting wood, it is opened with a colorless varnish.

Among the shortcomings of the considered design are:

susceptibility to fungi, wood-boring beetles: wood panels must be treated with special compounds;
flammability: dry wood ignites easily, it is necessary to apply a fire retardant mixture;
high price.

You can save on the cost of the structure if you do the finishing work yourself.

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Step-by-step instruction

Before starting the installation of a wooden ceiling, carry out preparatory work. Since after laying the panels the height of the room will decrease by 10-15 cm, experts recommend taking measurements in advance and making sure that the height of the walls in the room allows you to perform such a finish.

You will need a wiring plan that indicates the locations lighting fixtures. To install a wooden ceiling, you will need the following materials and tools:

lining made of coniferous wood or imitation of timber;
screws 2.5x25;
slats 40x20;
lining block house;
impact dowel 6x60;
plank;
fishing line;
paints and varnishes.

Before starting finishing work, the surface is insulated with a material for vapor and waterproofing, mounting foam, roofing material or glassine, insulation, slab, drywall or fiberboard and nails.

The first step is to create a vapor barrier layer. Suitable materials for this:

The membranes are polymeric.
Vapor barrier film.
Foil insulation.

The material is placed between the beams along, with an overlap to the height of the beam. Fastening is carried out with a construction stapler or paper clips. The next step is the choice of insulation. To do this, you can use glass wool, ecowool, expanded clay, mineral wool and foam. The insulation layer is laid flush with the floor beams. A layer of waterproofing is laid on top. The use of ecowool eliminates the need for a protective film. A slab shield is laid across the beams on the waterproofing layer.

The use of such an arrangement of the shield allows, if it becomes necessary to repair the roof, to move along it, protecting the shield from additional loads. Experts advise well insulating the ceiling in the chimney area if there is no attic, and the chimney channel passes through the attic.

It is recommended to use non-combustible material, which is able to withstand temperatures up to 200 °. The layer of thermal insulation around the entire perimeter of the chimney and at the point of its exit must be at least 25-30 cm. It is recommended to make an asbestos gasket between the insulation layer and the beams.

It is not necessary to lay a layer of insulation if an attic is equipped, but it is recommended to make a layer of sound insulation. To do this, use dry sand or sawdust mixed with lime.

Of course, not every property owner can afford to equip a wooden ceiling, but such designs are gathering more and more fans. The choice of wooden materials is quite wide, ranging from different varieties wood and ending with sheathing (bars, panels, beams, slats, boards). Exclusive wooden ceilings are considered ideal for a solid house or apartment.

Features of wooden ceilings

There are a lot of different solutions for arranging the ceiling: aluminum, plasterboard, adhesive and stretch. However, only wooden ceilings have no competitors in most respects. Naturally, coffered wooden ceilings look elegant and respectable, which are sheathed with solid wood, but the imitation of a beam on the ceiling looks no less aesthetically pleasing.

Wood is a very affordable and very easy-to-work material that provides excellent sound and thermal insulation and just adds coziness to the room. Of course, some sin on the price of wooden ceilings. But well-known designers say that today it is not wood finishing that is expensive, but only materials for processing the ceiling: primer, putty, varnish.

Many believe that the tree is intended exclusively for cottages, country private houses and expensive restaurants, however, when correct selection finishing material it can be used in the apartment.

There may be an erroneous opinion that wooden ceilings are only suitable for absolutely dry rooms (bedroom, living room, hallway), but thanks to the latest processing technology and the right knowledge of the installation of wooden elements, it has become possible to use wood for finishing ceilings in the kitchen and in the bathroom. wooden ceiling often equipped in the attic, in the sauna and bath.

In this case, it is recommended to be able to choose the right material. When buying wooden panels or boards, pay attention to what part of the tree they were made from. If the board was sawn out of the core of the trunk, then it will crack faster. But boards that are sawn from the edge of a tree will last much longer. But if you are interested in the water resistance of the material, then it is recommended to give preference to boards from the core.

Remember that the details for finishing the ceiling should not be bulky. It is necessary to choose wooden elements that have a thickness of no more than 25 millimeters, and they are 1 meter and 6.5 meters long. When buying material for arranging a ceiling in a room with high humidity, you need to use panels that are treated on all sides, including grooves, with special water-repellent wax, and when installing, leave small ventilation gaps between the panels.

wooden elements

Of course, pine wood ceilings are the most popular, but more and more often other types of wood are used for such work. For example, in some countries, special pecky wood is used to make a wooden ceiling, which can give a ceiling made from it a special charm due to the presence of small pockmarks in it. Sheathing of a wooden ceiling in an apartment is carried out using various elements, including edged, lining, and specially processed slabs.

Plywood

Plywood is a material consisting of several layers of wood that are superimposed on each other, wear-resistant and durable. It is easy to paint, process, and light tinting can clearly reflect the natural composition of the wood itself. And with the help of special treatment solutions used as an impregnation, plywood can become resistant to moisture on its surface. Depending on the shape and size of plywood sheets, wooden ceilings are varied.

Cladding boards

Ceiling slabs made of wood of any valuable species are produced in a huge assortment. There are even samples on sale that are completely impregnated with wood wax. They are great for kitchen or bathroom installations because they are waterproof. And these plates are immune to dirt, do not crack or delaminate, so they require a minimum of your attention.

Panels

The most beautiful layer in such details is the front one, for its manufacture they take the most expensive varieties wood, and the other two layers are made from more common and less expensive species - pine or spruce. The layers are glued at the factory the latest technologies under high temperature and high pressure. The popularity of panels is high due to good quality, durability, spectacular appearance, speed and ease of installation, as well as ease of maintenance.

clapboard

Clapboard, edged boards or finishing slabs are traditional and time-tested finishing materials that are easy to sheath. Boards made from the core of the tree are difficult to process and often crack, but are distinguished by exceptional water-repellent properties. Boards from the edges of the trunk are much easier to work with and do not crack.

wooden wallpaper

When decorating the ceiling, wooden wallpapers have always been appreciated for their elegant texture and beauty. This is a fairly promising innovation that combines panels and standard wallpaper, limitlessly expanding the design possibilities. Veneer wallpapers usually have a thickness of up to 1.56 millimeters, they are made from valuable wood, pasted on paper wallpaper veneer. Wallpaper in sheets or rolls of cork does not absorb odors, is easily cleaned of dirt and creates good sound insulation. But moisture intolerance and fire hazard limit the place of use of all wooden wallpaper.

Ceiling fillet

The fillet is a plinth made of wood. Only wooden fillets have undeniable advantages over any others: unique strength, natural color, amazing durability. They successfully emphasize the design of the wood ceiling and hide possible flaws in our work. Since they have a length of up to 120 millimeters, the number of joints is significantly reduced during ceiling sheathing. In addition, you can choose laminated or veneered fillets, and attach them with nails, self-tapping screws with plugs, clips or “liquid” nails of your choice.

timber imitation

Another popular option for finishing the ceiling with wood is imitation timber. This material has some similarities with lining, judging by the photo of wooden ceilings, and is a planed sheathing board, but wider and more massive. Keep this in mind when creating the interior of the room!

false beams

Among the wooden elements of false ceilings, a special place is occupied by decorative false beams, which have a number of advantages over conventional structures. Lightness, ease of product and installation, high durability turn false beams into a popular decorative material. Inside such beams, you can hide electrical wiring, Internet wires and antennas. They are great for lighting fixtures. With proper placement, decorative beams can optically expand the space or raise the ceiling.

Arrangement of a wooden ceiling

Before installing a wooden false ceiling, please note that after installing all the structural elements, the height of the room will decrease by about 10-15 centimeters. Therefore, it is imperative to make sure that this option for finishing the ceiling is suitable for the height of the walls of your house. First you need to make a wiring plan, indicate the location of the lamp and other electrical appliances. Well, go ahead!

Preliminary work

To install a wooden ceiling, you will need the following materials: imitation of timber or lining from coniferous tree, slats 40 by 20, screws 2.5 by 25, impact dowel 6 by 60, lining block house, thick fishing line, decorative strip, varnish or paint. Before finishing the ceiling with wood, the surface must be insulated. To do this, you will need vapor-waterproofing materials, pegamine or roofing material, polyurethane foam, slab, insulation, nails, fiberboard or drywall.

The first step is to create a layer of vapor barrier. To do this, select a material from the list: vapor barrier film, polymer membranes, foil insulation. Lay the selected material between the beams on the ceiling along the length, leaving an overlap to the height of the beam. Insulating materials are fixed with a construction stapler or paper clips.

After that, choose a heater: you can use mineral wool, glass wool, foam plastic, ecowool, expanded clay. After choosing, you need to lay the insulation flush with the floor beams. From above, cover the insulation with waterproofing material. Remember that ecowool does not need an additional protective film. Lay a slab shield on top of the waterproofing material - across the ceiling beams.

This way of arranging the shield contributes to the fact that when repairing the roof, you can safely move around without creating additional loads on the ceiling shield. A serious matter is the procedure for insulating the ceiling near the chimney. Of course, if your house does not have an attic, and the chimney passes through your attic.

Choose a material that is not combustible and can withstand temperatures of the order of 200 degrees Celsius. Layer thermal insulation material along the perimeter of the chimney in the place where it goes to the attic, should be at least 25-30 centimeters. Also make an asbestos gasket between the ceiling beams and the insulation.

If the house has an attic, then it is not necessary to insulate the ceiling, but it is advisable to put a layer of sound insulation. You can use improvised materials, for example, a mixture of lime and sawdust or a layer of dry sand. After that, you can start creating the battens and wood paneling of the ceiling, which will not take you much time.

wood ceiling trim

The technology for installing a false ceiling made of wood is similar to plasterboard surface sheathing, but the material must be fixed not to an aluminum frame, but to a wooden one. Therefore, when arranging a wooden ceiling with your own hands, you must first mount a wooden crate, keeping a distance of 30 centimeters between the slats.

For the manufacture of crates, it is recommended to use a rail 20 by 40 millimeters. Stretch a thick fishing line in the middle and along the edges of the ceiling with building level. Reiki are fastened along a stretched fishing line, without bending it. The first bar is placed close to one wall. With standard ceiling sheathing (across or along the plane), the lathing strips must be fixed in a perpendicular direction to the fastening of the boards.

When sheathing at an acute angle of 45 degrees, fasten the planks around the entire perimeter. For a perfectly even placement of planks, it is recommended, along with using the level to the lags, to place pieces of boards under the areas where the planks are attached. After installing the rack frame, you can begin to create a ceiling. Measure the required length of boards and cut off the excess.

Hide electricity lines under the clapboard. For this, it is customary to use stranded wire made of copper with a power reserve that does not heat up. You should also designate places for lighting and other electrical appliances. Wooden hemmed ceiling is attached to the ceiling shield. When finishing the ceiling with such panels, you should create a small indent from the wall of the house by a couple of millimeters, giving space for the tree to shrink and its ability to shrink and expand.

Now we have come to the main question, how to make a wooden ceiling using lining. The lining is attached to the rails with self-tapping screws. In order not to see the screws, they should be fixed in the groove of the lining. If the installation with self-tapping screws is not hidden, then it is better to scatter them over the entire surface of the ceiling.

Also, in order to make the fastening inconspicuous and not spoil the overall impression with nail heads, the sheathing can simply be glued to the plank crate with high-quality glue. Some craftsmen prefer to create a mount with screws. If you use their decorative counterparts instead of ordinary nails, this will give the interior a peculiar zest.

After mounting the wooden elements on the ceiling, they should be varnished or painted. If you are not satisfied with the shade of the lining and want to change it, you can use special dyes that preserve the natural texture of wood and saturate the material with natural shades of oak, walnut, and pine. The surface dries very quickly.

When choosing a varnish for lining, try not to use glossy varnishes, because shiny ceilings tire your eyesight and are not a sign of excellent taste. After applying the first layer and completely drying the surface, it is recommended to wipe it with a fine-grained sandpaper called “zero” to remove air bubbles and small villi. Repeat the procedure should be 2 - 3 times.

You just have to think again what kind of ceiling you want to make, because the choice wooden products wide enough. Maybe it will be a lining that is familiar to all of us, or will you prefer wooden wallpaper? Do not forget that all kinds of panels and slabs for cladding, plywood, imitation timber are on the market. In addition, you can always equip false beams on the surface, which cannot be distinguished from real ones by eye. In any case, such a ceiling will look respectable, recalling the excellent taste of the owners.

Install beautiful ceiling made of wood is not difficult even without the help of specialists. It will not take much time and effort, but the result will exceed all expectations. Today, wood ceiling decoration is incredibly popular. Wooden ceilings are made not only in country cottages with wooden floors, they often decorate the interior of apartments located in high-rise buildings.

Advantages and disadvantages

Speaking about the advantages of wooden ceilings, first of all, I would like to note that:

they are very durable. You can do it - it will look quite original and it will last for many years without losing its excellent appearance, which can be preserved by all kinds of mastics, impregnations, varnishes and antiseptics;

ceilings made of natural wood have a high degree of sound and heat insulation, have a special natural beauty - they are elegant, give the room respectability and aesthetics. There is no need to paint the wooden ceiling - it is enough to cover it with varnish.

The slatted ceiling under the tree is very similar to the ceiling made of natural wood, it has increased moisture resistance.

Suspended ceilings made of wood are distinguished by a huge variety of design solutions. When creating them, natural wood (solid), MDF, chipboard, fiberboard can be used. They are mounted on a wooden or metal frame.

Wood ceiling frame installation

First you need to prepare the ceiling - it must be cleaned, removing everything remaining from the previous finish. If necessary, a layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the ceiling - the tree is sensitive to high humidity. If the floor is wooden, it should be treated with a fire retardant.

Now you can proceed to the installation of the frame. To do this, you need to apply markings to the ceiling, its step should be commensurate with the size of the finishing material for the ceiling sheathing. The frame is made of bars 30 by 30 millimeters. Prior to installation, it is recommended to impregnate them with a composition that provides protection against moisture.

The bars of the frame are fixed in one plane. If necessary, in order to align the frame, mounting wedges are inserted under them. The beams are attached to the base base with turboprops or dowels with a metal sleeve. After fixing, the plane of the frame must be checked by adjusting its position with the fastening screws.

Frame sheathing

As the photo wood ceiling decoration demonstrates, in each case it looks very interesting and elegant.

Final stage installation of a false ceiling - frame sheathing. To do this, the pre-prepared finishing material is cut to fit in size, then the board or panel is nailed to the frame using nails designed for hidden fasteners. To keep them long and reliable, the nail must be hammered into the groove at an angle, and not vertically to the surface.

In places with increased load, it is advisable to fix the lining additionally with the help of self-tapping screws, the caps of which must be partially “drowned” in the wood and masked. The joints are made with a slight backlash - this will allow the ceiling to endure temperature changes without cracks and blisters. In conclusion, the ceiling coating should be impregnated again with a protective compound and varnished.

For suspended ceilings, you also need to carefully prepare the ceiling. It is almost impossible to install suspended structures on your own - you should make suspensions in accordance with the drawing, mount the frame from the beams and attach boards to it.

A stretch ceiling is completely different from a suspended and hemmed structure. It will not be possible to do it yourself - you will have to resort to the services of specialists. Before starting the installation, it is worth finishing all the dusty work, and pasting the walls with wallpaper is done after the installation of the ceiling. During installation, the ceiling sheet is attached to an aluminum or plastic profile and fixed with self-tapping screws and dowels. The room must be heated to 60 degrees with a special gun - during the installation, the temperature in the room must be maintained.

On the site you can see how wood ceilings look photo design. Today there is a great opportunity to create completely unique wooden ceilings, to build lamps into them. A variety of design solutions allows you to choose suitable option for any interior space.

Of course, not everyone can afford such a type of decoration as a wooden ceiling in an apartment. Nevertheless, more and more offers of this kind of scenery appear on the construction market. Popularity is also due to the fact that unique design ideal for large spaces and huge selection decor elements allows you to create a really solid project, both in the photo and on the video.

Wooden ceiling: main characteristics

To date, there are a huge number of solutions for the renovation of the ceiling surface. So, for example, you can resort to the use of aluminum, plasterboard, adhesive or stretch ceilings. However, wood ceiling finishes are superior to their competitors in many properties and characteristics. Of course, massive caisson structures sheathed with expensive wood will add a certain chic to the design, while at the same time imitating a similar effect using less expensive material will also be stylish and affordable.

One of the distinguishing features of wooden surfaces is that it has high sound and heat insulation and at the same time provides a feeling of coziness and comfort in the room. At the same time, the wood finish itself is not expensive, but the means for pre-treatment of the surface, such as varnish, putty and primer, must be of excellent quality, which largely affects their cost.

There is a misconception that carved wooden ceilings can only be allowed in country houses or cottages. With an adequate choice of design and materials, you can create the perfect atmosphere of comfort and scale in any standard apartment.

Also, many unreasonably believe that this type of finish is only suitable for dry rooms (such as a bedroom, living room or hallway). However, modern wood surface treatment technologies combined with correct installation can make the impossible possible. So, the ceiling in attics, saunas or baths is trimmed with wood, and accordingly it can be used in bathrooms and in the kitchen.

An important point when choosing such an interior solution, the choice of a suitable material is considered. When one or another timber or board is purchased, it is necessary to take into account the part of the tree from which these parts were cut. So, if the board is sawn from the middle part of the tree, it is more prone to cracking, at the same time, materials from the outer parts of the tree will last a much longer amount of time. If moisture resistance is a key factor, you should still purchase boards from the middle part of the trunk.

It is also necessary to bear in mind the weight of the entire structure. The standard recommended size of one element should not exceed a quarter of a centimeter in thickness and from 1 to 6 meters in length. In addition, if parts are purchased for subsequent use in wet rooms, care should be taken to ensure that absolutely all surfaces are treated with a special water-repellent substance, especially at the points where two parts are fastened together.

Wooden ceiling: types of surfaces

So, with regard to wooden elements, pine surfaces are considered the most popular, but other types of wood finishes are also possible. So, for example, some foreign designers are very fond of using a special type of wood, which is characterized by the presence of small pockmarks on the surface, which gives a certain charm to the room. At the same time, a do-it-yourself wooden ceiling can be assembled from more affordable materials.

plywood surface

Plywood consists of several layers of wood, which are superimposed one on top of the other, which provides high wear resistance and durability. This one is easy to stain, process and even slightly tinted, which makes it possible to further emphasize the origin of the wood species (read: ""). In addition, you can use specially impregnated and other solutions to give maximum moisture resistance. Since the shape and size of plywood sheets can vary from standard to unique, the design of the ceiling can vary in this range.

Cladding plate

This type of finish has a huge range. It is even possible to purchase samples with wood impregnation, which allows the use of tiles in bathrooms and kitchens, due to their ability to absorb moisture. In addition, this kind of finish does not stain, is immune to cracks and delamination, which greatly minimizes the need for extensive surface maintenance.

panel surface

The most aesthetic part of panel surfaces is considered front side, therefore, the most expensive types of wood are involved in its manufacture. As for other layers, cheaper and more affordable options, such as pine or spruce, can be used as a material for their manufacture. With the help of the latest technology and under the influence of high temperature, the layers are glued together at the factory under pressure. Received universal recognition due to excellent quality and durability, as well as style, conciseness and ease of installation and unpretentious care.

The surface of the lining

Clapboard, edged board or finishing slabs are rightfully considered one of the most classic and time-tested methods of finishing, which are also quite simple for sheathing. As noted earlier, mid-wood boards are prone to cracking and are difficult to work with, but at the same time, they have exceptional moisture resistance. The edges of the wood make it much easier to work the boards and minimize the chance of cracking.

wood wallpaper

Wood wallpapers have always been very popular due to their stylish texture and beauty. With help modern technologies, this innovation combines wooden panels and wallpapers that are familiar to everyone, which opens up immense scope for design ideas. The standard size of veneered wallpaper varies within one and a half millimeters, and in their manufacture, valuable wood is used, which is then glued onto paper wallpaper through veneer. Such wallpapers are highly resistant to odors, and also do not require special care and provide high noise absorption. However, this type of finish does not have moisture resistance.

wooden fillet

The wooden fillet is a special ceiling plinth from wood. This type of finish is characterized by properties that no other can boast of: fillets are uniquely strong, have a natural color and are surprisingly durable. Repairing a wooden ceiling with your own hands using such a finish will help you easily hide the slightest defects in the ceiling and at the same time emphasize the exclusivity of the wood. Having a sufficiently large length (from one meter), such panels significantly minimize the number of joints. Moreover, it is possible to choose what to use - laminate (detailed: "") or veneer, and then the type of fastening - nails, self-tapping screws, plugs, clips or liquid nails.

bar

Imitation of timber also occupies a certain place in the segment of the consumer building materials market. This type of finish is somewhat similar to lining, as it is a sheathing type board, however, it is distinguished by its greater width and massiveness. This property should be borne in mind when purchasing such material.

False beam

This type of finish is largely different from all previous options, since the use of wooden false beams has conciseness and ease of installation and extreme durability (read: ""). Moreover, since the installation process creates a kind of wooden box, since a wooden false ceiling is used, a space is created in which various power systems can be hidden, as well as wiring and lighting systems. With proper and adequate placement, they are also able to visually expand the ceiling and raise the surface.

Do-it-yourself wooden ceiling: preparatory work

When choosing this type of finish, you should also keep in mind that due to the creation of a special design, there is a possibility of eating up to 15 cm of space. Therefore, it is first necessary to make sure that the room being decorated is able to accommodate such an interior element (read: ""). Also at the initial stage, you should outline a plan for future wiring and all lighting systems, because then access to them will be difficult.

When installing a wooden ceiling, you will need such types of parts as:

lining or imitation of timber;
slats 40x20 in size;
screws size 2x25;
impact dowel 6x60;
lining block house;
fishing line of great thickness;
decorative strip;
paint or varnish.

Before finishing the surface with wood, it must be treated with insulation, for this it is necessary to purchase materials for vapor and waterproofing, glassine, roofing material, slab, the insulation itself, nails and fiberboard or drywall.

The first step is to create an insulating layer. This will require polymer membranes, foil insulation and a vapor barrier film. All these materials are layered between the ceiling beams, leaving an overlap along the height of the beam. All materials should also be secured with a construction stapler or paper clips.

Then you need to decide on the type of insulation. A false ceiling made of wood can be insulated with mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam, ecowool or expanded clay. Then the waterproofing material is covered on top. It must be borne in mind that the use of ecowool does not require the purchase of a special protective film. A shield made of slab is superimposed on the waterproofing layer, which is placed perpendicular to the ceiling.

Compliance with such requirements will create a particularly strong structure, which will facilitate the load created during the repair of the roof. It is also important to insulate the place near the chimney with special care, only if there is no attic in the house or the chimney goes to the attic.

As a material, it is worth choosing one that is non-combustible and can withstand high temperature regime(about 200 degrees). In addition, the heat-insulating layer should be within 27 cm in the place where there is access to the attic, and an asbestos gasket should be made between the beams on the ceiling and the insulation.

If the house has an attic, you can not insulate the ceiling surface, but it’s still worth putting a layer to isolate noise. You can use alternative means, for example, dilute lime and sawdust or dry sand. After that, you can start the crate and wood sheathing, which, in turn, is not particularly time-consuming.

If the sheathing is carried out diagonally or at an angle of 450, then the planks are fastened over the entire surface, in order to make the surface as smooth as possible, you should also use pieces of boards when installing the planks. After the frame has been built, we proceed to the device of the floor itself, for this the required length of the board is measured and the excess part is cut off.

At the next stage, all electrical systems are placed in a box. And the screws on which the panel will be attached are attached to the grooves of the lining, and wooden boards are mounted (read: ""). Next, the surface is varnished or painted and left to dry completely. Using various types paints or varnishes can also be made antique or natural shades. A layer of varnish is applied twice, for maximum strength and smoothness of the ceiling surface.

The demand for wooden ceilings has experienced ups and downs more than once, and if in Soviet times they were installed only in hallways, today they become an ideal addition to any room. The choice of a stylistic solution, within which wooden ceilings will be relevant, also does not cause difficulties - they will fit not only into classical ones, but also into modern interiors. A rich selection of finishing materials, their wide price range, as well as the use of innovative repair technologies, make it possible to install natural wood ceilings not only in country cottages with wooden floors, but also in apartments with high ceilings. The high popularity of wooden ceilings is easily explained, because it is not in vain that wood is considered one of the most suitable finishing materials for residential premises. Boards and panels made of natural wood are an environmentally friendly finishing material that does not contain synthetic components such as phenols, flame retardants and formaldehydes. This is due to the conditions of use of the finishing material, which implies the absence of atmospheric moisture in the living room, and therefore, the tree does not need protective coatings and synthetic impregnations. Despite the common stereotype that wood is used only for flooring or walls, in this article we will demonstrate how successful decorating ceilings with natural wood can be.

Advantages and disadvantages of wooden ceilings

Advantages of wooden ceilings:

Wood is an environmentally friendly material, and the impregnations used for its processing do not contain harmful substances. Due to this advantage, it can be used for finishing ceilings in a nursery;
Long service life during which decorative ceiling made of wood will retain its original appearance. Subject to appropriate care, once you have installed the ceiling structure, you will not have to regularly put it in order. An important role in this is played by the use of various mastics, antiseptics, impregnations and products of paint and varnish production;
In view of the low thermal conductivity, wood acts as an effective heat insulator. In addition, using wood as a material for finishing ceilings, you get the opportunity to install an additional layer of insulation;
Due to the high soundproofing qualities of wood, you can create the necessary acoustics in the room;
By finishing the walls and ceilings with wood, you will create a favorable indoor microclimate and an optimal level of air humidity, which will create comfortable conditions for a person to stay;
Thanks to the wood-trimmed ceiling, the room acquires a special aesthetics and respectability inherent in natural materials. Wooden ceilings do not need to be painted - it is enough to cover them with varnish.

Disadvantages of wooden ceilings:

Wooden ceilings need additional treatment with antiseptic impregnations that will protect the wood from mold and prevent the formation of rot. In addition, wood-boring bugs, which destroy it, have a negative effect on wood;
Ceilings made of dry, matured wood are considered a fire risk factor, and therefore, they need additional treatment with fire retardant mixtures;
The high cost of natural materials is another disadvantage of wooden ceilings, however, repair costs can be significantly reduced by doing the installation yourself.

Wooden ceiling photo

Varieties of wood finishing materials: a brief description

The design of the ceiling surface largely depends on the type of finishing materials used. Today it is no longer possible to meet ceilings sheathed with a simple board - the construction market offers an abundance of wood finishing materials.

Consider the main varieties and their brief description:

Wooden panels- a collective concept that includes a number of finishing materials, each of which has a certain set of characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

Lining, which is also called "croaker" or edged board- time-tested, versatile finishing material. It is a wooden board, equipped with special grooves on both sides, which ensure a snug fit of adjacent elements to each other. Clapboarded ceilings are characterized by smoothness, resistance to sudden temperature changes and high sound and heat insulation characteristics. Usually they are made from certain types of wood: oak, beech, pine or linden. In the process of choosing a type of wood, keep in mind that conifers emit resin during the heating process, and therefore, it is not recommended to use them for finishing wooden ceilings;

Important! The lining made from the core of the tree is difficult to process and often cracks, but it has exceptional water-repellent characteristics;

Lining made from the edge parts of the trunk is much easier to process and is practically not subject to cracking.

The range of use of lining is quite wide - it is successfully used for covering multi-level ceilings, which are designed to decorate space and highlight functional areas.

A kind of lining, made in accordance with European standards, is eurolining. Unlike domestic, eurolining differs in the principle of surface treatment. From the outside, the euro-material is carefully polished and impregnated with special compounds; a ventilation groove is provided on the back surface, through which moisture is also removed. Besides, distinctive feature eurolining are the exact sizes, strict geometry of forms and ideally plain surface. In this regard, we can safely say that eurolining does not need additional processing and can immediately be used to mount a wooden ceiling.
Ceiling block house represents the wooden panels imitating a convex log surface. It is impregnated with antiseptics and flame retardants, which reduce the combustibility of the material. Using a block house for installation, you can make wooden ceilings, the photo design of which will resemble an old one. log cabin made from solid tree trunks. Block house is considered quite solid and quality material for decoration of the ceiling surface;
Decorative panels- three-layer material for finishing the ceiling surface. Its layers are glued together in factories using the latest technologies, the main principles of which are the use of high temperature and pressure. Decorative panels consist of three layers: an expensive face layer made of precious woods, and two other layers, for which spruce or pine was used. In most cases, they are made to order, taking into account the size of a particular room;
MDF panels, of course, have nothing to do with wood, however, they are great for simulating a wooden coating. In addition, in view of their affordable cost, they are popular budget option repair;
wooden beams- a finishing material with which you can emphasize the color of the room, focusing on its advantages. If you do not want to install solid wood beams, but want to use them as decorative element, false beams will become the optimal replacement for this material. By color, they can be in tone with the overall interior or a contrasting shade.

Cladding boards- material from natural wood, impervious to dirt, practically does not exfoliate and does not crack. There are samples impregnated with wax - they are immune to moisture, and therefore, they are used for sheathing ceilings in the kitchen or bathroom.
wooden wallpaper- environmentally friendly material that creates a cozy natural atmosphere in the house. The use of natural wood for their manufacture is a new, promising step in their manufacture, the essence of which is to combine wood panels and traditional wallpaper. The unique combinatorics of these materials made it possible to almost limitlessly expand the possibilities of their use.

Consider the main features of wooden wallpaper:

Veneer wallpaper is one of the varieties of wooden wallpaper, the thickness of which reaches 1.56 mm. For their manufacture, valuable wood is used by gluing veneer onto paper wallpaper;
Cork wallpapers, supplied in rolls or sheets, are made from pressed cork. They are an effective sound insulator, do not absorb odors and are easy to clean from dirt.

Important! The use of wooden wallpapers is limited by their fire hazard and susceptibility to moisture, and therefore, they are not recommended for use in the kitchen and especially in the bathroom.

Ceiling fillet is a decorative plinth made of wood, using which you can emphasize the design of a wooden ceiling and hide possible flaws in your work.

Unlike fillets made from other materials, wooden fillets have a certain set of advantages, such as unique strength, long service life and natural color.

There are two types of wooden fillets:

Laminated;
Veneered.

Fastening of fillets is carried out using self-tapping screws equipped with decorative plugs, clips or "liquid" nails.

The type of wood used to make fillets is another classification feature. In accordance with it, allocate:

Pine fillet - soft material, malleable to machining. This allows you to expand the possibilities of self-decoration of the ceiling surface;
Linden fillet - a versatile material widely used for decorating rooms for various purposes - from bedrooms to saunas;
Alder fillet - strong, light wooden material, suggesting staining in any color.

Popular types of wooden ceilings

The most popular design of wooden ceilings is the so-called wooden false ceiling, which got its name due to the features of fastening the panels. They seem to be “hemmed”, that is, they are attached from below to the ceiling. In most cases, false ceilings are installed in houses with wooden floors, but they can also be found in residential buildings with concrete floors.

Taking into account the materials used, which were described above, the following types of wood ceilings are distinguished:

Hemmed ceiling from lining and eurolining- a common way of arranging the ceiling surface, loved by most craftsmen due to ease of installation. To equip such a ceiling, you will need a lining board made of various types of wood: pine, oak, linden and others. The fastening of the lining is carried out to the frame on the ceiling, and the docking is of the "thorn-groove" type;
Panel false ceiling in terms of its design features, it is similar to the previous version, however, not boards, but entire ceiling panels are attached to the frame. The panel-type ceilings consist of wooden multi-layer panels, veneered on the outside with precious wood veneer;
Embossed false ceiling- another type of hemmed ceilings, for the manufacture of which a chipped beam is used. To install a relief ceiling, you will need a rectangular wooden blank, which is split lengthwise and attached to the frame with a smooth side. The bars can also be fixed in such a way that the natural chips of the wood face the inside of the room. This will allow not only to recreate a unique ceiling pattern, but also to diversify the atmosphere of the room with notes of rustic comfort;
Wooden coffered ceilings- a special kind of ceiling surface, the assembly of which is carried out using special box-shaped modules called caissons. Although they are difficult to manufacture, they are the most spectacular option appropriate in rooms decorated in a classic style.

Design options for wooden ceilings: we arrange correctly

Embossed and patterned designs

The most important principle of mounting the original embossed ceiling with patterns is the variety of options for arranging the cladding parts, for example, at an angle, herringbone or cage. Thanks to this boundless fantasy field, the master gets the opportunity to create an unusual pattern that will match his taste and imagination.

The principle described above underlies the installation of a wooden slatted ceiling, for the arrangement of which you will need small planks, slats, trimmings wooden planks. These elements are folded according to the mosaic principle into complex patterns and ornaments. To facilitate the process of preparing complex ornaments, you can first draw up a plan for the ceiling structure on paper, and then transfer it to a plane.

Stretch ceiling

Often, masters come to the conclusion that in the process of designing a ceiling, natural wood is not enough and in these cases it is necessary to use additional finishing materials, which will diversify their design. In these cases, the masters recommend paying attention to the tension and dropped ceilings from wood. At the same time, it is important to remember that stretch ceilings mounted on a wooden ceiling are stretching and fixing the canvas.

Consider the basic principles of their installation:

An important stage in the arrangement of a stretch ceiling is installation along the perimeter of the ceiling profile baguette;

Without going into details, the next step involves heating the unfolded and stretched web with a heat gun and fixing it at the corners of the profile after it becomes pliable. Cooling down, there is a strong tension of the film, and it turns into an absolutely flat ceiling surface;

Important! Remember that the installation of stretch ceilings on a wooden ceiling can be carried out almost immediately, on new wooden ceilings, without waiting for their final drying.

The stretch ceiling can be supplemented with graceful portals and ledges, various additional elements from wood and exclusive embossed beams, which will become an integral element in the design of the wooden ceiling.

Installing a wooden ceiling: a step by step guide

Preparation of the base and installation of the frame

If you have set yourself the goal of installing a ceiling made of wood panels or boards, the first thing you need to start with is preparing the ceiling.
Before mounting the ceiling frame, clean the ceiling, removing the remnants of the old finish;
In view of the high sensitivity of the wooden ceiling to waterlogging, if necessary, arrange a waterproofing layer on top of the ceiling;
If the ceiling is made of wood, treat it with a fire-retardant material, which will prevent its destruction by aggressive biological agents and increase its resistance to fire;
After you have cleaned the ceiling and prepared it for further stages of arranging the ceiling, proceed with the installation of the frame to which it will be attached wood paneling. For this:
Apply markings to the ceiling to which the frame will be attached, while the marking step depends on the size of the finishing material used for sheathing, whether it be wooden lining or veneered panels;
For the manufacture of the frame, experts recommend using bars measuring 30 x 30 mm. Before installation, they must be impregnated with drying oil or other composition that will prevent its waterlogging and swelling.

Important! Remember that the bars that make up the frame must be fixed in the same plane. If the ceilings are not even enough, which makes this not possible, it is necessary to level the frame. To do this, wooden or plastic mounting wedges are knocked under the bars.

To attach the beams to the ceiling, use dowels with a metal sleeve or turboprops. After you have fixed the frame bars, once again check its plane and, if necessary, adjust the fastening screws again.

wood ceiling cladding

The final stage of the installation of a wooden ceiling is the sheathing of the frame with wooden clapboard or veneered panels.

Material prepared for sheathing, adjust to the size of your ceiling;
Attach the panel or board to the frame and use hidden nails to secure it to the joists. To increase the reliability of fastening a panel or lining, drive a nail into the groove not vertically, but at an angle;
In places where an increased load is placed, additionally fasten the lining with self-tapping screws, while partially sinking the heads of the screws into the wood, and then masking them.

Important! In the process of fastening panels or lining between adjacent elements, it is important to leave a slight free space, which will allow the material to painlessly endure temperature deformations without the formation of cracks and blisters.

The final stage of installing a wooden ceiling is impregnation with a protective compound and varnishing. It is also possible to paint wooden ceilings, however, for this, experts recommend choosing the most cheap material, since the paint in any case will hide the texture of the material, and the joints between adjacent elements do not have to be carefully puttied.