Installation 

Spiral staircase to the attic dimensions. Do-it-yourself attic ladder: step by step instructions. The next steps look like this

For a long time, the attic has ceased to be a place for storing unnecessary things, now, with the right layout, you can recreate a living space with all the amenities there. It is necessary to begin the arrangement of the attic with the construction of a staircase. Most residents country houses prefer to use wooden ladders to get to the second floor. However, if you plan to use the attic as an additional room, we recommend that you pay attention to reliable mid-flight stairs.

The structure can be made of a variety of materials (wood, steel, aluminium). These can be marching, screw or involute models. Buying a finished product is not always the only option, to make a simple staircase you can go to the attic with your own hands. To do this, you do not need to have special skills, it is enough to follow all the stages of work accurately, to choose the right scheme and materials for the future product. In this article, we will consider the popular types of attic stairs, as well as note the main aspects of the manufacture of such structures.

Variants of stairs to the attic

Depending on the location, two types of structures are distinguished - external and internal. In turn, external (entrance from the street) are divided into temporary and permanent. The latter are more common because they are made of high-strength materials, are easy to use and durable.

The main advantage of outdoor staircases is the rational use free space, due to which they are great for small private houses.

However, it is worth remembering that the outer staircase to the attic is a favorite way for thieves and intruders to get inside. If you live in an unguarded holiday village, then pay attention to the internal models. These are small-sized products made of wood or metal, which come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are compact, low price and the possibility of self-manufacturing.

Metal and wooden attic stairs are an essential attribute of any country house which has an attic space. Whatever material the structure is made of, it must meet basic safety rules, be easy to use and fit into the interior of the living room (or other accommodation room).

The internal staircase to the attic is best option for private two-storey houses, it can also be a great home decoration.

To date, there are five types of stairs that are suitable for arranging an attic room in a country house:

  • Single-march - straight structures without turns, an excellent option for making your own hands (most often they use wood or metal).

  • Two-march with a platform- straight or angular, consisting of two marches and a special intermediate platform, they are convenient, safe and large in size.

  • Marching with winder steps- stairs that use a special type of steps instead of a turntable are not suitable for self-production.

  • Spiral stairs– mobile, compact, which are also inexpensive.

In addition, there are a large number of sliding, folding ladders on the market. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages - all this should be considered when choosing a product. Particular attention should also be paid to the dimensions of the structure and the material of manufacture, these parameters determine the reliability and ease of use. Next, we will consider several main types of stairs suitable for providing access to the attic.

hatch ladder

Such ladder structures outwardly resemble folding models - they are compact, easy to assemble and inexpensive. A special feature is the presence of a special spring mechanism that allows you to quickly open and close the stairs, hiding it in the under-roof room.

To unfold the ladder, you need to pull the hatch down and disconnect the last flight of stairs.

Most products in this category are equipped with automation, which makes their use the most comfortable. If you have basic building skills, making such a staircase is not difficult, you only need detailed drawing, suitable materials and tools.

On the video: how to choose an attic ladder.

marching

The most classic variety are mid-flight stairs (one-flight or two-flight), but they are rarely used for arranging attic floor. This is due to the dimensions of the products, high cost and problems that often arise during manufacture and assembly.

The main advantages of mid-flight stairs include reliability, safety and a wide range of models.

If you want to please your loved ones with an elegant do-it-yourself marching staircase, then study the installation features of such structures in advance. So, the steps can be attached to stringers, bowstrings and bolts. In the case of installing a single-march structure, the angle of inclination is determined taking into account the height of the ceiling (it is not recommended to allow steep descents).

screw

Designers believe that a spiral staircase is the only model of stair structures that will fit into any interior space and save space. For arranging the attic, products with winder steps are suitable for you, but it is worth remembering that they are quite traumatic (not recommended for use in homes with small children or the elderly).

To make the structure safer, take a closer look at wooden railings, anti-slip walkways and comfortable handles.

involute

Recently in expensive hotels and shopping malls involute stairs are becoming more and more common. Now it is an integral element of modern and neutral style (depending on the chosen material and design features).

Involute products have both marching and screw features, which makes them truly unique.

Independent manufacture of such products is impossible, they are made with bent support elements and are by no means cheap. You can save on the purchase of such a ladder if you understand the installation. So, the steps are mounted on a curved wooden or metal kosour / bowstring.

Mansard staircase device

The arrangement of the attic allows you to increase the living space of a country house - you can arrange upstairs children's Corner, workplace or a guest bedroom. However, first of all, it is necessary to solve the issue of installing stairs to the attic. After you decide on the design model, drawings and plan for future work, take care of correct assembly all elements.

Development should begin with such details as a kosour / bowstring, support posts, steps, a platform / winders (this must be done according to the calculations).

If you are making a wooden staircase to the attic with your own hands, then you should definitely deal with the theoretical base. The main structural components are the stringer, tread and risers (the latter do not carry any load and may be absent). A stringer is understood as a carrier beam with notches for steps, the thickness of which must be at least 5 cm and a width of 25-27 cm. The tread is the horizontal part of the step.

Material selection

You can build an attic staircase from almost any material - it all depends on the type of structure, its size and location (inside or outside the house). On the market there are models from different types of wood, from metal, glass and concrete. A combination of materials is also allowed, a combination of hardwood and coniferous wood looks very stylish and elegant.

For small cottages and luxurious country estates, for indoor and outdoor decoration of the attic room - a wooden staircase will perfectly fit into any interior. The product must be combined with the design of the room, fit into the budget of the residents and satisfy all wishes. That is why the choice of staircase design should be approached with special responsibility.

Each material has both advantages and disadvantages of use. So, metal stairs are very durable, but they are quite expensive. Wooden structures look elegant, but require regular maintenance. And concrete products will look strange in a classic design.

How to make an attic staircase (step by step instructions)

In the manufacture of a small staircase to the attic, all stages of this type of work must be strictly observed. The correct location of the structure will expand the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200ba private house. However, first you need to decide what kind of model it will be, and whether you need the help of professionals in the device and construction of the stairs.

Building a staircase to the upper floor (attic or attic) is not as difficult as it might seem at first. But the main thing is to homemade design met all safety requirements:

  • The stairs should not take up much space, especially living space (does not apply to the device of the stairs at the entrance to the house).
  • It should be located in such a way that the distance from the steps to the ceiling is optimal and allows free movement between floors (during construction, the total height of the floor must be taken into account).
  • The rise of a wooden staircase should be as comfortable and safe as possible, and the steps should be reliable and of the right height and width.
  • If you plan to install a folding ladder, you need to make sure that every member of the family can use it without difficulty.

Choosing a place to install the stairs

The location of the ladder structure is important. The entrance to the attic can be both outside the house and inside. Compact spiral staircases are most often used for arranging an attic space (they are placed either in the hallway or on the street). This is a great solution for small country houses.

When determining the installation location of a mid-flight ladder, it is necessary to proceed from the parameters of the product, from the purpose (temporary or permanent) and the availability of free space. All these characteristics must be reflected in the drawings and the finished installation plan.

The best solution would be to build a staircase in a separate or walk-through room. The advantages of this method include the possibility of installing any design.

On the video: staircase design errors in a wooden house.

Calculation and drawing up a drawing

The next stage in the manufacture of an attic staircase involves calculating the dimensions of the structure and drawing up a drawing. When performing work, it is necessary to be guided by the established requirements that determine the permissible parameters of the product. Compliance with safety rules and special regulations will avoid stupid mistakes, as well as guarantee ease of movement and a long service life of the stairs.

Here are just a few building codes:

  • The width of the staircase structure should not be less than 80-100 cm. For the passage of two people at the same time, this value can be increased to 150 cm, but for attic stairs this is a lot.

  • The optimal step width is 20-30 cm, the comfortable height of the riser is 16-19 cm.

  • The slope of mid-flight stairs can vary from 20 to 75 degrees. For a structure leading to the attic, the optimal angle of inclination is 40-45 degrees.

The above parameters are only suitable for stairs of standard sizes. If this design does not fit into your interior, we recommend that you pay attention to the construction of stairs to order. It's pretty expensive pleasure, but this way you can avoid unexpected expenses, errors in calculations and installation.

For self calculation stairs, first of all, it is necessary to measure the distance from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the second (attic floor). Based on the obtained indicator, you need to determine the number of steps, for this we divide the height of the ceiling by the estimated height of the riser. To calculate the length flight of stairs just multiply the number of steps by their width. Based on the calculations made, make a drawing and markup.


Parameters required for calculation

Separately, it is worth noting that if the opening in a private house is not provided for the construction of stairs, then it should either be expanded or moved. Consult with experts before starting work.

Stair Assembly Order

Assembling the stairs is a laborious and lengthy process, consisting of several stages:

1. First you need to make stringers, for this it is better to take boards with a length in stock. Mark the slots with a carpenter's corner and mark the places for cutting the steps. Next, the braids are cut out. The resulting elements must be compared with each other, otherwise the strength of the structure is sharply reduced.

2. The next step is to cut the area beam. Its width is calculated as follows: the width of the stairs + double the thickness of the stringer. We make cuts in the beam, stepping back from the edge of 7-8 centimeters, after which we fix it to the ceiling by means of anchors. We install the stringers in the grooves and fasten them with studs or dowels.

3. Now we move on to the installation of steps and risers. You can fix them in several ways (see the figure below).

You insulated the attic room, finished the walls and finished installation work- so it's time to move on to the construction of the staircase to the upper floor. There is a wide range of products on the market, but the best option in this case, it will be the manufacture of stairs with your own hands. Give preference to simple models, and also take into account the features of the room and the purpose of the design.

Making stairs on stringers and bowstrings (2 videos)

Simple and compact stairs (65 photos)

Metal Stairs. Constructions | Metal Studio In Domodedovo with regard to 85 Stunning Metal Stairs Photos - Gooberzz

Buying a finished staircase to the attic is not always the right decision. The internal dimensions of the premises are different, and the design may simply not fit in size. An individual order is an expensive pleasure. Therefore, many people think about making stairs with their own hands.

Working locally is the best course of action. This is how it will be possible to take into account any nuances of the layout of the house and eliminate inaccuracies in time. Correctly designing a wooden staircase is within the power of any craftsman with the slightest carpentry skills.

Variants of stairs to the attic: advantages and disadvantages of the main types

The device of the attic room is an up-to-date and effective method of expanding the living space of a private house. However, in this case, it is required to resolve the issue of lifting to the upper floor. Mistakes made during the design and installation of the staircase structure can “nullify” all the advantages of the attic space. An ill-conceived placement and type of construction can "eat" additional meters acquired during the arrangement of a living room.

Based on the location of the stairs relative to the house, two types of structures are distinguished: external and internal.

An external staircase can be used as temporary or permanent. outdoor structure has some features:

  1. The attic floor with a separate entrance allows you to delimit the living space. This is especially true if the owner of the "attic" room wants to go to his room without disturbing the rest of the household.
  2. An external staircase does not clutter up the space inside the premises, which is very important for houses with a small area.
  3. It should be borne in mind that intruders and thieves often try to penetrate through the external stairs. For home improvement in an unguarded holiday village, it is better to choose internal compact structures.

The internal layout of the stairs is the most common option. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house allows, then this design is the best solution. The attic staircase can become an interior decoration, and in winter time to climb to the second floor, you will not have to go across the street. A possible disadvantage is the use of usable area.

According to the type of construction, there are five main types of stairs to the attic:


Comparing the pros and cons, taking into account the dimensions of the room and the existing circumstances, it will be possible to determine optimal design home stairs.

The device stairs to the attic: basic terms

The main structural elements of the stairs are: kosour, tread and risers.

Kosour - load-bearing beam. In fact, this is a board on which fragments are sawn out for the installation of steps. In the manufacture of wooden stairs, the thickness of the stringer should not be less than 50 mm, the minimum allowable width is 250 mm. As a rule, two load-bearing beams are used. An additional kosour is mounted if the width of the attic staircase exceeds 1.2 meters.

Tread - the horizontal part of the step, which is stepped on while walking. When developing a drawing, it must be borne in mind that the greater the distance between the supporting beams, the stronger the steps should be. For the manufacture of these parts, boards with a thickness of 25-50 mm are used. The treads have an overhang of 20-40 mm over the appropriate step.

Riser - the vertical part between the treads. This structural element usually does not carry a load. In some versions of the stairs, there are no risers at all - such a rise visually seems easier.

The choice of material for the manufacture of wooden stairs to the attic

The staircase structure is a full-fledged part of the interior, and in the case of an external staircase to the attic, it is an important architectural element. Choosing the design and material of the stairs, you need to focus on the interior of the house.

wooden stairs suitable for many styles and easily fit into the interior. In addition, wood is easier to work with than other materials. Therefore, if planned self-manufacturing stairs, it is better to choose wood.

Important! The tree needs a protective treatment that increases the resistance of the material to moisture and fire.

You can build a ladder from both coniferous and hardwood tree. Perfect option from conifers - cedar and larch. The wood looks good, is easy to process and practically does not rot.

Spruce is slightly inferior in its characteristics. Its main drawback is the presence a large number knots. It is easy to work with pine, an additional plus of wood is an affordable cost.

Of hardwoods, oak is best suited for creating stairs. In second place in terms of performance is beech, and in third is ash.

Metal attic stairs emphasize the individuality of the design of the house. The construction is very strong and reliable. You can give the metal any color or order chrome plating - the decision depends on the style of the attic and the entire room.

It is quite difficult to build a metal staircase on your own - you will need welding machine and experience with it.

Stone or concrete stairs- heavyweights that visually burden the interior of the house. It is better to build such a lift outside the house. Subsequently, the stairs can be plastered and painted in a suitable shade.

How to make a staircase to the attic: step-by-step installation of a marching structure

Choosing a place to install the stairs

To install the stairs, you need to determine the most optimal place:

  1. It is optimal if the entrance to the attic is located in a separate room such as a vestibule. This will allow you to equip the staircase with convenient dimensions and provide additional thermal insulation of the room. If necessary, the vestibule can be simply closed and cold air from the attic will not get to the lower floor. This is convenient if the attic is used as a living room only in the summer.
  2. In the absence of a vestibule, it is better to erect a lifting structure near the far wall of the room. This arrangement saves usable space, and the steps will not interfere with walking around the room.
  3. When planning the installation of folding steps, it is better to provide not just a passage, but a closing hatch in the ceiling - this will help minimize the heat loss of the room.

Calculation of stairs and drawing up a drawing

There are certain norms that determine the permissible values ​​​​of the main parameters of the stairs. Manufacturing of structures in compliance with established dimensions guarantees safety and ease of movement on the stairs. The following rules must be adhered to:

  • the width of the stairs should not be less than 80-100 cm;
  • comfortable step width - 20-32 cm (optimally - 30 cm);
  • narrow part of the winder - at least 10 cm;
  • riser height - 15-19 cm;
  • the slope of the marching stairs is 20-40 °.

Approximate procedure for calculating the dimensions of the stairs:

  1. Measure the height of the floor - the difference between the level of the finished floor of the lower floor and the attic. Let's say the value is 250 cm.
  2. Determine the height and number of steps. To do this, the height of the rise should be divided by the height of the riser (18 cm), that is: 250/18 = 13.88 pieces. Since fractional numbers are not suitable, then 13.88 must be rounded up to 14 pieces. Accordingly, the actual height of the steps will not be 18 cm, but 17.85 cm (250/14).
  3. Calculate the length of the march. If we take the width of the steps at 27 cm, then the total length of the march will be 405 cm (14 * 27).
  4. Based on the calculations made, make a drawing and markup.
  5. Then measure the distance between the edges of the attic floor. Mark the lines on the drawing.
  6. Measure the distance from the edge of the attic floor to the steps of the stairs. According to GOST, this value must be at least 185 cm for unhindered movement up the stairs. If this size is smaller, then the length of the march must be reduced by increasing the height of the steps and reducing their number.
  7. The calculation of the stringers is carried out according to the formula: step height + step length * 4.76. That is: 4.05 + 2.5 * 4.76 \u003d 4.75 m.
  8. The width of the stringers should be doubled over size riser, that is: 17.85 * 2 = 35.7 cm.

Stair Assembly Order

Prepare boards for stringers - they must be bought with a small margin. For example, with the required stringer length of 4.75 m, you need to take a board 5 m long. Mark the slots on the stringers using a joiner's corner. Draw places for cutting steps and number them.

Since the calculations were performed without taking into account the thickness of the boards, this value must be taken into account when cutting the lower part of the stringer.

Important! After cutting the stringers, they must be compared with each other - they must match exactly, otherwise it will not work to assemble a solid staircase.

The next step is cutting out the platform beam. The width of the beam is calculated as follows: the width of the stairs (90 cm) + double the thickness of the stringer + 14 cm (depending on the parameters of the stairs). So, according to the above example, the platform beam is: 90 + 2 * 5 + 14 \u003d 114 cm. You will need two such beams.

In the prepared beams, make cuts, stepping back from the edge by 7 cm. The width of the cuts should correspond to the thickness of the stringer. The beams are then fixed to the floor with anchors.

Install stringers in the grooves and fasten them to the beams with studs or dowels. Kosour, which is joined near the wall, fasten to it with anchors. Then steps and risers are installed. The fixation of structural elements is carried out in one of the ways: by cutting, screws or dowels.

The final stage is the installation of balusters and the installation of a handrail.

Installation of a spiral staircase to the attic

The design of a spiral staircase has a number of features that must be considered when designing and installing:

  • in spiral staircases ah usually missing risers;
  • when people move, the middle of the steps is subjected to the main load, so the width of this part must be at least 20 cm;
  • the narrowest part of the step should not be less than 10 cm;
  • the optimal diameter of the screw structure is 220 cm;
  • the branches of the steps should be at a distance of about 2 meters from each other;
  • steps are located with a slight overlap - this provides additional structural strength, the edges of adjacent steps are connected by brackets.

The assembly sequence of the spiral staircase:

  1. Support stand installation. To wooden floor the beam is fixed with special fasteners, to the cement - it is concreted with stretch marks.
  2. Cut holes in the treads and "put" them on the support post.
  3. Divide the steps between each other with bushings of the desired height. Place safety washers between steps and bushings.
  4. Distribute the steps according to the plan and fix with brackets.
  5. Install railings and handrails.

Staircase to the attic in a private house: photo

Staircase to the attic: the dimensions of the structure allow efficient use of space. Under the stairs there is a built-in kitchenette and a library.

Compact stairs to the attic, installed in the corner - the best option for small spaces.

Metal outdoor staircase to the attic: photo

The presence of an attic in the house makes it easy to equip a comfortable and functional room for any needs without the need to add additional floors or rooms. An important element of this room is the staircase, because it is thanks to it that you can quickly and safely get to the attic floor.

What should be the staircase to the attic, what to look for when choosing a design and material, and whether it is possible to make attic stairs with your own hands - we will consider in more detail in our article.

Types of attic stairs

According to the type of installation, the staircase to the attic, the photo below, can be:

  • Internal - a universal type of attic stairs, which is located inside the building. It can take up quite a lot of space, so it is important to carefully choose its design if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is small.
  • Outdoor - located outside the building, such an ascent to the attic floor is an integral part of the facade. Thanks to this type, the attic will have a separate entrance from the street. It is better to design an external staircase to the attic at the stage of building a house.

Construction of attic stairs

Standard single-march is a straight structure, located at an angle, the value of which depends on the height of the ceiling. The optimal angle of elevation should be 30-45 degrees, so such an attic staircase should not be installed if the floor height is more than 2.5 m - the steps will be too steep and uncomfortable, and the structure will take up a lot of space. In addition, this type requires a long opening in the ceiling, which will reduce the useful area of ​​​​the attic.

In the photo - a straight attic staircase

Two-march - an option suitable for spacious rooms, since it requires the allocation of space for it, designed for a turntable. Suitable for any height of the ceiling, keeps the dimensions of the steps convenient. The turn can be either 90 degrees or 180, and to save space, it is better to install such an attic staircase in the corner.

One of the options for the location of the attic stairs

With winder steps - instead of a turntable, trapezoidal steps are installed, which are laid with a narrow side in a smaller turning radius. For convenience, the width of the middle of the step should be at least 0.3 m. Such a design will take up less space than a rotary one, while providing a comfortable climb to the attic.

Here is such an attic staircase you can do with your own hands

Screw - the most economical option of all, because it takes up the least space. Able to transform and make any interior original. It consists of winder steps attached to the central axis (support column). But at the same time, spiral attic stairs are very inconvenient, because you can easily stumble on them. In addition, it is worth taking care of installing reliable railings and additional lighting for lifting to the attic.

How to properly position the stairs to the attic without losing usable space

Folding - the simplest and inexpensive option attic stairs, but it is better to install it if the attic is used intermittently, for example, in the country. It is a compact design of several sections, which, when folded, are easily removed into the ceiling hatch. Such attic stairs are easy to install, do not need planning and are convenient to use, do not take up space, are durable and reliable.

Small Folding Attic Ladder

What material is best?

The attic staircase is a full-fledged part of the interior, and in the case of outdoor installation - an important architectural element. Choosing the material and design of the stairs to the attic, you should focus on the interior of the room.

Wooden attic stairs, photo below, can be of any design, shape and color, they are very easy to fit into the interior. In addition, wood is a strong and durable material that can give the room additional comfort. But wood needs timely treatment with special compounds that can extend its service life.

Important: The surface of the steps should not be too smooth, since varnished or polished, they cannot provide a safe ascent or descent from the attic.

Metal attic stairs emphasize the unique design of the room. They are strong and reliable and look very original. They can be painted in any suitable shade or ordered chrome - it all depends on the design of the attic and the whole house. Attic metal stairs are suitable for any houses: brick, wooden, stone.

How to make a spiral staircase to the attic

Stone - solid and reliable structures for climbing to the attic floor. But it is better to install them in brick houses, because visually they are heavy and can overload the interior. It is best to install such a ladder outside. It can be plastered and painted in the color of the facade.

How to build an attic staircase with your own hands

You can buy a finished staircase to the attic, but there is a risk that it will not fit into inner dimensions Houses. Custom-made production is a very costly and long-term production. Therefore, the easiest way is to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands.

Important: For construction, it is better to use coniferous wood: larch, cedar, pine. From hardwoods, it is better to choose oak, beech or ash. Lumber must be well dried, smooth and without knots - this will ensure the strength and stability of the future structure.

The layout of the stairs to the attic

The construction of a staircase to the attic begins with determining the place of its installation: for a residential attic floor, it is better to make an exit from the hallway or living room, and for a temporary one, from the veranda or street. The easiest way is to make a staircase to the attic along stringers (wooden or metal beams located along the wall).

Basic concepts for calculation

A string should be stretched along the wall, connecting the upper point of the subfloor of the attic and the place where the stairs begin on the first floor. After that, you should calculate the number of steps. It is advisable to first draw up drawings with a work plan and focus on them during installation.

The dimensions of the tread and riser will depend on the angle of inclination. In this case, the maximum step height should not exceed 20 cm (at 45 degrees) and be less than 12 cm (at 30 degrees). The depth of the step should be within 30-38 cm. The optimal span width is about 100-120 cm.

Angles are marked on the stringer based on the number and position of the steps. In the upper part of the board, a spike with dimensions of 50-100 mm should be left, depending on the section of the beam, designed to secure the hatch to the attic. In the overlap under the spike, a groove is hollowed out with a chisel.

After that, the board should be grabbed to the wall and draw the calculated number of steps (draw the lines strictly according to the level). In this case, the first board from the bottom is drawn taking into account the thickness of the tread board.

Then the board can be removed and sawed teeth on it. The second board is cut according to the pattern of the first. For wide stairs, it is better to prepare three beams.

Mounting

At the beginning, the base of the stairs is installed, which should be fixed with a bar. Kosours are screwed to it with self-tapping screws, with upper spikes they must enter the prepared grooves, smeared with carpentry glue. Structural strength will be given by strengthening the structure with metal corners and threaded studs (the stringers are connected in 3-4 places). After that, the first beam is screwed to the wall.

The lower step is mounted first, you can fix it on self-tapping screws that need to be drowned and closed with wooden plugs. After that, the riser is installed.

Important: All joints must be coated with wood glue.

The tread is screwed on the back. Thus, the braids are sewn up to the top. The outer line of steps is sheathed with board or plywood.

If the width of the attic staircase is more than 120 cm, then the railing is not necessary, otherwise the vertical posts are bolted to the stringers, and the railing to them. Optimal Height the railing of the stairs to the attic is about 85 cm.

You can learn more about how to make a staircase to the attic in the video:













An easy way to increase the living space of a small country house is to organize an attic in the attic. In order to bring living conditions in the attic to normal, it is necessary to carry out a number of construction operations, where it is important to organize safe movement from the first floor of the house to the attic. In this article we will talk about stairs to the attic: what types are used, what materials they are made of, what requirements for stair structures are imposed by SNiPs, as well as several technologies for their construction. The information will be useful to all those who are thinking about building an attic in a private house.

Source legkovmeste.ru

Types of attic stairs, their advantages and disadvantages

Let's start with the fact that the stairs to the attic themselves can be installed both inside the house and outside. The second option is rarely used, only if the area of ​​​​the rooms on the first floor does not allow the installation of a staircase. It is dangerous to operate such stairs in winter or in the rain, so they are covered with visors or canopies of various shapes and sizes. Although not always. The photo below shows an example of such a wooden structure.

Source pinterest.com

Basically, stair structures to the attic are installed inside the house. Purely constructively, three of their varieties are chosen: marching, screw or folding. Each of them will be discussed.

Online ladder calculator

To find out the approximate cost of stairs various types use the following calculator:

Marching stairs to the attic

This is the simplest design option. Such stairs are very convenient in terms of moving along them. But one very important requirement is imposed on them - the angle of inclination should not exceed 45 °, but, as experts say, no more than 40 ° is better. Therefore, this variety is not always possible, especially in small rooms. Because mid-flight stairs have a large projection onto the plane of the floor base. In fact, they take up a lot of space.

Marching structures are distinguished by the number of marches: with one, with two with a turn of 90 °, with two with a turn of 180 ° and an intermediate platform. In the latter version, the platform can be replaced with winder steps. For you to understand what in question, the photo below shows such a design.

Source wtnasos.ru

Consider each version of marching models separately.

Single-march

This is the most simple design, rectilinear without turns and turns. It is impossible to call it a compact staircase to the attic, it takes up too much space, taking into account the slope of no more than 40 °. If the room through which the transition to the attic is organized has decent dimensions, then this variety can be installed. It is not installed in small private houses.

The advantages of a single-march design are many:

    minimum materials from which it is made;

    respectively and low price products;

    simplicity installation and assembly;

    if correctly installed near the wall, then places she will take Little;

    can be arranged under the stairs storage places for household utensils or a recreation area, as shown in the photo below.

Source m.2gis.ru

Installation of a single-flight staircase is a simple process. If it is small in size, then it is delivered to the house in ready-made. Such structures are made to order, the main thing is to accurately measure the dimensions of the area where the ladder will be installed. And this is the height of the ceiling in the house, the angle of inclination of the structure, its width and the height of the railing.

Often, craftsmen bring only lumber with them, and they are engaged in manufacturing locally. In this case, all dimensional parameters are measured in the house and immediately transferred to boards and beams. We must pay tribute that the first option is easier. Ready product you just need to install it in the ceiling opening and fix it to the floor of the first and attic floors. If the ladder is located against the wall, then to this plane too.

Pay attention to the photo below, which shows how easy it is to assemble a simple single-flight staircase.

    Install two beams connecting the floor of the attic and the lower floor of the house.

    They are installed and fixed with self-tapping screws on their internal planes. bars section 50x50 mm.

    On bars mount boards acting as steps.

    Then they produce railing installation fences.

Source olestnicah.ru
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two-march

When the task is to make a staircase to the attic in a small house, they often choose a two-flight design or a screw one. In this section, we consider the first model. They can be of two versions: with a turn of 90 and 180 °. It cannot be said that one of the two options is preferable. It all depends on how high the ceiling is in the house, and how much space in the room is allocated for the construction of the stairs. The second option takes up less space.

Let's look at how the masters assemble a staircase with a 90 ° turn.

    First applied to the walls markup intermediate platform. That is, its location height, width and length. The last two parameters can be the same.

    According to the labels a site is being built, under which four racks of support made of timber with a minimum section of 100x100 mm are necessarily installed. Racks are attached to the floor, and which stand against the wall in addition to its plane.

    supports tied with boards 50 mm thick or beams 100x100 mm.

    The resulting structure over board up 30-40 mm thick, plywood, OSB or chipboard can be used.

Source olestnicah.ru

The site is ready, now a single-flight staircase is installed to it from the floor of the lower floor, which with its upper ends will rest against the prepared site. She will stick to her. The installation technology of a single-march structure is described above.

Now, from the intermediate platform towards the entrance to the attic, another one-march staircase design. Only it is laid along the adjacent wall, and it is additionally attached to it.

Video description

The video shows how a two-flight staircase to the attic is assembled with a 90 ° turn:

A two-flight structure with a 180° turn is a more complex structure, although it consists of two flights, like the previous version. They just fit in opposite directions relative to each other. Often such stairs are installed in the attic in a small room that is not residential. For example, it can be a corridor, a veranda, and so on.

The essence of the whole structure is that the intermediate platform is made wider so that two marches can fit on it on one side at once: the lower and the upper. And since the minimum width of the marching structure is 80 cm, accordingly, the width of the platform must be at least 160 cm. It is from this value that one must build on when constructing this type of staircase.

As for the assembly process itself, it is no different from the previous one. That is, first an intermediate platform is assembled, then a lower march is installed on it from the lower floor of the house, after which the upper one. Both parts of the stairs can be assembled in the workshop, and ready to mount, you can assemble them on site.

Source ottochento.com

It should be noted that today more and more often the stairs connecting the attic with an intermediate platform are abandoned. Preference is given to models with winder steps. They are easier to install and cheaper in terms of material consumption. We will not describe how such a design is made. Watch the video to see it all.

Video description

The video shows how easy it is to assemble a finished two-flight staircase with winder steps:

I would like to add that today the so-called modular stairs are very popular. They are assembled in modules made of metal pipes. Parts of the structure are selected by size. They are easily connected to each other in a bell-shaped way and fixed with bolts, which already guarantees high reliability of fastening. But the steps are made of durable wood. It turns out a kind of symbiosis of metal and wood, which always looks presentable. Metal is often painted black, but here manufacturers offer different variants.

Source olestnicah.ru

screw

These are the most original and unusual stairs with which you can climb to the attic. Their main advantage is compactness. They fit in almost any room.

Their design feature is a pillar, on which steps are mounted along a helical ascending line. Moreover, the shape of the latter can be different: from the classic rectangular to the original rounded.

This design can be installed in the corner or against the wall of the room, and it will not interfere. At the same time, the space around the stairs can be beaten in different ways.

Today, manufacturers offer different options for assembling spiral staircases to the attic. But more and more consumers are choosing modular designs. They consist of pipe segments on which supporting elements are welded. The latter are already metal steps. They will subsequently be finished (covered) with steps made of wood. Between themselves, the modules are assembled using a bell-shaped method, followed by bolting.

Source lestnitsygid.ru

folding

What can be said about folding stairs to the attic. In Russia, they did not take root. They are also used, but not as often. Still, our compatriots are accustomed to monumental construction. They do not accept the Western approach to housing.

Purely constructively, these stairs consist of several parts, which are interconnected by hinges. Therefore, they easily fold up to the ceiling or, in general, are removed into the attic room. Such structures are called attic and they belong to the category of ladders. Today, manufacturers offer their huge range. They can be selected according to the length and number of sections, according to the design, as well as according to the type of raw material: metal or wood.

Source metasold.com

Here are some advantages of this type of stairs:

    Maximum compactness.

    If necessary, they can put away(fold), and in the lower room they will not interfere.

    Manufacturers are doing everything so that transforming stairs have maximum security. Indeed, very often in attic rooms organize children's rooms, which means that children will mainly move up the stairs.

    It is not difficult to expand the device or fold it. All required several manipulations.

    Small specific gravity is also a big plus.

    Acceptable price compared to other varieties.

We add that in the design of folding stairs are divided into the following varieties:

    folding in the form accordion;

    telescopic type;

    folding- not the most popular type, because this option resembles a single-flight staircase with a large angle of inclination.

Source econet.ru

Conclusion

Regardless of where the stairs to the attic will be installed: from the veranda, corridor or living room, it is recommended to make it beautiful. Her appearance should fit into the interior design of the room. It should not stand out much, but it must emphasize the interior decoration. Therefore, choosing the option proposed in this article, we recommend that you coordinate it with the designer whom you entrusted to organize the interior of the house.

Experienced builders and architects recommend that when building a private house, do not miss the opportunity to make the most of the space in it. There is an economical and easy way to increase the living space in a small house - to equip a residential attic.

An attic is a room equipped under a roof, which is used for permanent residence. To get from the ground floor to the attic, you need a staircase, which often becomes the most difficult technical issue when equipping the attic. In this article we will tell you what options for stairs to the attic are, as well as how they can be compactly placed even with a total shortage of free space.

Attic - living space, which is equipped in the under-roof space of the house. This is the most economical way to increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dwelling, which only slightly increases the load on the foundation of the building.

To equip the attic, it is necessary to provide a special mansard roof, the slope of the slopes of which is designed in such a way as to make the ceiling as high as possible, and the elements of the truss frame are shifted to the sides to free the central part of the room. Features of the attic are:

  1. Availability of natural light. In order for a room equipped under the roof of a house to be considered residential, it must have natural lighting in the form of dormer or gable windows. Vertical windows are considered the most convenient, as they allow the use of natural light for most of the daylight hours.
  2. Large ceiling height. For a comfortable stay of a person in the attic, the height of the ceilings should be at least 2-2.2 meters. In those parts of the attic where the height is less, storage places are usually equipped, furniture is installed on which to sit or lie.
  3. Availability of ventilation. To avoid creating a greenhouse effect under the roof, it is better to equip the attic ventilation system. The most convenient option is flow-through forced ventilation. It provides flow fresh air, removes water vapor.

Note! To carry out the ascent to the floor with the installation of the attic stairs. Moreover, with the constant operation of the under-roof space, it is much more convenient to use stationary, rather than folding models, but stationary ones, which are safer and more reliable.

Requirements for an attic ladder

Ladders to the attic in a private one are an indispensable element that is necessary if you want to use the under-roof space as a living space. Any homeowner is concerned about choosing the most acceptable staircase design, which will not affect the usable area of ​​​​the room, but at the same time will be safe and comfortable.

The staircase to the attic must meet the following requirements:

  • Strength. The attic staircase must have high strength, its design is calculated in such a way that it can withstand the weight of at least three people of average weight with a small margin.
  • Convenience. When operating a staircase, the convenience of the entire structure is very important - its steepness, width, distance between steps. Marches should be spacious so that furniture or large items can be moved along it.
  • compactness. Places for installing stairs in a private house are limited in area, so the design must be very compact, not occupying living space.
  • Ease. When choosing a ladder, the weight of the material for the manufacture of elements is taken into account so that it does not greatly increase the load on the foundation of the building. Wooden stairs to the attic are quite light, but they are less durable than metal ones.
  • Security. Distinctive feature safe stairs - railings that are installed along its entire length, they prevent accidental falls from a height during the operation of the structure.
  • Aesthetic appearance. The staircase should harmoniously fit into the interior styles of the house.

Important! To carry out the manufacture of an attic staircase, it is necessary to calculate the load to which it will be subjected during operation, while taking into account the height of the opening, the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs when passing through the attic floor, and the availability of free space for installing the structure.

Options

Many homeowners are wondering how to make a staircase to the attic. The problem of equipping the attic floor is much easier to solve individually. Only taking into account the geometry of the space, the availability of free space and the height of the ceilings, it is possible to select all the structural elements in such a way that they will look organically in the interior.

Design when choosing a staircase is important, but its main parameters are much more important:

  1. Tilt angle. According to many years of research and experience of builders, stairs with an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees are the most comfortable for a person. However, reducing the steepness of the structure can lead to an increase in its size, which is not always rational in terms of the use of free space.
  2. Step Height. This design parameter is no less important than its steepness. Optimal value this parameter is 14-21 cm. If the height of the steps is greater, then it is harder to use it, especially for elderly family members or children.
  3. Tread Width. When a staircase to the attic is being designed, the dimensions of its steps should not be less than 20 cm.
  4. Ladder width. Do-it-yourself staircase to the attic is a very real task, however, when designing, we must not forget that its optimal width is 120 cm.
  5. Railing height. During operation, it must be taken into account that the minimum height of the staircase railing is 90 cm, and the distance between the balusters should be no more than 18 cm.

Remember! Many novice craftsmen are wondering what materials to use and how to make a staircase with their own hands. In order to withstand all design parameters in the optimal range and comply with all safety standards, before building steps to the attic, we make a drawing, determine the required number of stringers according to the calculation of the required bearing capacity.

Types by configuration

Do-it-yourself staircase to the attic is a difficult task, but doable. Especially now, when all the necessary components are sold in construction stores, from which, as from a designer, you can assemble a ladder of the required configuration.

To begin with, it is worth deciding that there is an internal or external staircase to the attic. The advantages of the first option are obvious: the internal design is convenient and comfortable to use at any time of the year.

Outdoor placement is used only if there is no free space inside the house. According to other features, attic stairs are divided into the following types:


Note! If you are equipping an attic for regular use or living, do not install folding, attached or retractable ladder models, they are all only a temporary solution to the problem, inconvenient and unsafe.

Types by material

Experienced craftsmen know that stairs can be made from almost any material. However, the choice will affect the bearing capacity, weight and aesthetics of the structure. For example, wooden ladders are lighter and more inexpensive, while metal ladders are stronger and more durable.

Therefore, when making an attic staircase with your own hands, you often have to find a compromise. According to the material used for the manufacture of stairs, they are divided into the following types:


Important! Concrete stepped structures are almost never used as attic structures, since they are made only in standard sizes, and also weigh a lot and look unattractive.

Video instruction